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In this study, coatings containing Ca and P elements on Ti6Al4V alloy were fabricated by micro-arc oxidation at different applied voltages. Subsequently, evaluation of the phase structure, morphology, element composition, corrosion mechanism, and tribocorrosion behavior of these coatings was performed. The results showed that the coatings consisted of rutile TiO2 and anatase TiO2. The ratio of rutile/anatase, surface roughness, and hardness increase with the increase of applied voltage. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated the corrosion resistance of coatings in simulated body fluid of 400 V > 380 V > 420 V. The open circuit potential of sample 400 V declined during the tribocorrosion test. Sample 420 V possessed the highest wear volume after the tribocorrosion process. The tribocorrosion mechanism of samples 380 and 420 V was mainly confirmed as the wear effect, and the decline of corrosion resistance due to the micro-cracks formed during the abrasive wear of the coating accounts for the tribocorrosion mechanism of sample 400 V.

Titanium and its alloys possess the superiority on corrosion resistance and the shortage on wear resistance. Tribocorrosion, a new study orientation concerning both corrosion and wear resistances and fascinating researchers in recent years, has to be considered on the titanium, its alloys and their surface treated materials. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) particles inserted coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment with various GO concentrations. The composition, morphology and topography were measured to analyze the structure and properties of coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements were utilized to assess the corrosion resistance of samples. Tribocorrosion behavior was evaluated by the open circuit potential (OCP) and coefficient of friction (COF) evolutions in advance to, during and after reciprocating sliding. The results showed that in GO concentration of 5 mL/L and 10 mL/L, the GO particles were inserted into the MAO coatings and the MAO coating by adding 10 mL/L GO particles possessed best tribocorrosion resistance.

Funding for the preparation of this manuscript has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no 115,565, resources composed of the financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and the EFPIA companies' in kind contribution. MT is supported by a Spanish grant from Health Department, Junta de Andalucia (PI/0017/2016) and through the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 806975. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. EC-M was funded by the Postdoctoral Training Subprogramme Juan de la Cierva-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FJCI_2014_20652). We thank Ralf Lesche for the production of RNASeq data and Marc Torres Ciuro for design support., Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population., Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) 115,565, EFPIA companies, Junta de Andalucia PI/0017/2016, Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking 806975 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, EFPIA, Postdoctoral Training Subprogramme Juan de la Cierva-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness FJCI_2014_20652

© The Author(s). 2020., [Background]: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease mediated by the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors in a multitude of immune cells, with CD4+ T lymphocytes as one of the principle drivers of pathogenesis., [Methods]: DNA samples exacted from CD4+ T cells of 48 SSc patients and 16 healthy controls were hybridized on MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. In parallel, gene expression was interrogated by hybridizing total RNA on Clariom™ S array. Downstream bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify correlating differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were then confirmed utilizing previously published promoter capture Hi-C (PCHi-C) data., [Results]: We identified 9112 and 3929 DMPs and DEGs, respectively. These DMPs and DEGs are enriched in functional categories related to inflammation and T cell biology. Furthermore, correlation analysis identified 17,500 possible DMP-DEG interaction pairs within a window of 5 Mb, and utilizing PCHi-C data, we observed that 212 CD4+ T cell-specific pairs of DMP-DEG also formed part of three-dimensional promoter-enhancer networks, potentially involving CTCF. Finally, combining PCHi-C data with SSc GWAS data, we identified four important SSc-associated susceptibility loci, TNIP1 (rs3792783), GSDMB (rs9303277), IL12RB1 (rs2305743), and CSK (rs1378942), that could potentially interact with DMP-DEG pairs cg17239269-ANXA6, cg19458020-CCR7, cg10808810-JUND, and cg11062629-ULK3, respectively., [Conclusion]: Our study unveils a potential link between genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional deregulation in CD4+ T cells of SSc patients, providing a novel integrated view of molecular components driving SSc pathogenesis., We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and the Josep Carreras Foundation for institutional support. E.B. was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN; grant number SAF2017-88086-R). J.M. was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN; grant number RT2018-101332-B-I00). J.M. and E.B. are supported by RETICS network grant from ISCIII (RIER, RD16/0012/0013), FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa.”

There is currently no approved treatment for primary Sjögren’s syndrome, a disease that primarily affects adult women. The difficulty in developing effective therapies is -in part- because of the heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of the disease. Finding common molecular signatures among patient subgroups could improve our understanding of disease etiology, and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutics. Here, we report, in a cross-sectional cohort, a molecular classification scheme for Sjögren’s syndrome patients based on the multi-omic profiling of whole blood samples from a European cohort of over 300 patients, and a similar number of age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Using transcriptomic, genomic, epigenetic, cytokine expression and flow cytometry data, combined with clinical parameters, we identify four groups of patients with distinct patterns of immune dysregulation. The biomarkers we identify can be used by machine learning classifiers to sort future patients into subgroups, allowing the re-evaluation of response to treatments in clinical trials., Sjögren’s syndrome, a disease that primarily affects women, is poorly understood. Here, the authors combine data from a large cohort of patients and healthy controls to identify biomarkers that distinguish patient subgroups to improve our understanding of the disease and facilitate drug development.

Band-pass filter is frequently used in measurement while drilling (MWD) system of electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission, so as to remove out-of-band noise. However, such design will increase the error rate of decoding when dealing with non-stationary time varying signal and especially in-band signal. By studying features of EM-MWD transmission and channel noise jamming, a multiple combinational algorithm that can adaptively track and detect EM signal is proposed in this article. This algorithm is a combination of low-pass filtering, five-point triple smoothing, adaptive notch, adaptive cancellation and line enhancement, and it takes recursive least squares as its principle of adaptive tracking. As theoretical analysis and simulation show, such algorithm can effectively extract useful signal from noise-contaminated signal and reduce the bit error rate, which lays a good foundation for further decoding.

En esta tesis, se utilizó como organismo modelo la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae para obtener conocimiento fundamental sobre una variedad de mecanismos moleculares utilizados por la célula para responder y adaptarse a los estímulos externos. En respuesta al aumento de la osmolaridad externa, la ruta de señalización MAPK High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) se activa para mediar cambios en diversas funciones celulares, incluyendo la reprogramación global de la transcripción y traducción, con el fin último de lograr la adaptación. Tras la detección de alta osmolaridad externa, la señal se transduce a través de dos ramas funcionalmente redundantes pero mecanísticamente distintas, SLN1 y SHO1, para finalmente activar el efector MAPK Hog1. Aunque múltiples interacciones entre sensores, proteínas adaptadoras y los componentes de señalización de la rama SHO1 se han descrito anteriormente, esta tesis caracteriza aún más la complejidad de los perfiles de las interacciones para dilucidar cómo se propaga la señal con eficacia y cómo se logra la fidelidad de la señal. En este sentido, hemos utilizado el nuevo método M-track que detecta tanto las interacciones entre proteínas de corta duración como las estables y hemos realizado varias observaciones interesantes. Una vez que se transduce la señal de respuesta a estrés, Hog1 activado entra en el núcleo de la célula y, entre sus más destacados funciones aguas abajo, modula los cambios de expresión génica global. El complejo de unión a la caperuza CBC (por cap-binding complex), que está formado por las proteínas de unión a RNA Cbc1 y Cbc2, se asocia con la caperuza en 5' del mensajero co-transcripcionalmente y se ha descrito su función en diversos aspectos de la vida de mensajero, incluyendo la transcripción. Utilizando técnicas de biología molecular y genómica, describimos Cbc1 como regulador de la transcripción global, tanto en condiciones de estrés y no estrés, para mediar la expresión génica de manera que se consigan niveles altos de una forma rápida. En respuesta a feromonas del tipo sexual contrario, la ruta de MAPK de feromonas de células de levadura haploides se activa para mediar una serie de cambios fisiológicos en preparación para el apareamiento, que incluyen la reprogramación de la expresión génica, la parada del ciclo celular, la formación de una proyección sexual denomina ¨shmoo¨, y en última instancia la fusión celular de los tipos de células de apareamiento contrario. El factor de traducción eIF5A, esencial y conservado evolutivamente, se ha descrito recientemente que funciona en la traducción de proteínas que contienen tres o más residuos de prolina consecutivos (polyPro), a través de su unión a ribosomas para aliviar el estancamiento del ribosoma durante la formación del enlace péptidico entre prolinas. La activación de eIF5A requiere una modificación post-traduccional única, la hipusinación, donde el residuo de hipusina se deriva de la espermidina, un factor esencial para la fertilidad de los mamíferos y que se requiere para el apareamiento de la levadura. Aquí se investigó eIF5A como regulador de la respuesta a feromonas a través de la traducción de proteínas polyPro con funciones en el apareamiento. In this thesis, we utilised the model organism the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to gain fundamental knowledge on a variety of molecular mechanisms employed by the cell to respond and adapt to external stimuli. In response to increased external osmolarity, the yeast high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway becomes activated to mediate changes to various cellular functions, including changes in glycerol accumulation, cell-cycle arrest, re-establishment of ion homeostasis and global reprogrammation of transcription and translation of the whole genome, in order to achieve adaptation. Upon detection of high external osmolarity, signal is transduced via two functionally redundant but mechanistically distinct branches, SLN1 and SHO1, to finally activate the effector MAPK Hog1. Although multiple interactions between osmosensors, adaptor proteins and signalling components of the SHO1 branch have been previously described, this thesis further characterises the complexity of their interaction profiles to elucidate how signal is effectively propagated and how signal fidelity is achieved. Here, we utilised the novel M-track method, which detects both short-lived and stable protein interactions, and made several interesting observations. Once the osmostress signal is transduced, activated Hog1 enters the cell nucleus and, amongst its most prominent downstream functions, modulates global gene expression changes. Within minutes of shock, global transcription rate rapidly decreases by 50 %, however the transcription machinery is reallocated to specific genes implicated in osmostress cellular protection and their transcription is strongly and rapidly induced. The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of mRNA-binding proteins Cbc1 and Cbc2, associates with the 5´ mRNA cap co-transcriptionally and has been described to function in various aspects of the mRNA life, including transcription. Utilising both genomic and molecular biology techniques, we describe Cbc1 as a global transcription regulator, both under stress and non-stress conditions, to mediate high and timely gene expression. In response to pheromones of the opposite mating type, the yeast pheromone MAPK pathway is activated to mediate a series of physiological changes in preparation for mating; including reprogrammation of gene expression, cell-cycle arrest, formation of a sexual projection termed ¨shmoo¨, and ultimately cell fusion of mating partners. The evolutionarily conserved and essential translation factor eIF5A has recently been described to promote translation of proteins containing three or more consecutive proline residues (polyPro) by binding to ribosomes and alleviating ribosome stalling during the formation of the Pro-Pro peptide bond. The activation of eIF5A requires the addition of a unique post-translational modification, a hypusine residue, which is derived from spermidine, an essential factor for mammalian fertility and required for yeast mating. Here we investigated eIF5A as a regulator of the pheromone response through the translation of polyPro proteins with roles in mating.

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