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PurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the treatment technique, outcomes, and complications of Schobinger stage IV head and neck arteriovenous malformations (HNAVMs) with associated high-output cardiac failure (HOCF) using ethanol and coils with the percutaneous suture technique.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2019, 19 patients who had HNAVMs with associated HOCF were treated first with a percutaneous suture of the remarkably dilated dominant drainage vein (RDDOV) and subsequent embolization with coils and ethanol. The percutaneous suture of RDDOV was preferred to be performed, followed by the deployment of coils and the injection of absolute ethanol via transarterial approach, direct puncture approach, or both of them. Treatment outcomes and complication rates were evaluated at follow-up.ResultsA total of 19 patients who experienced HNAVMs with HOCF received 19 percutaneous suture procedures and 84 embolization procedures with ethanol and coils. Complete or >90% shunt reduction of the AVM was achieved in 16 patients. Notably, 19 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage II improved to stage I, and the symptom of dyspnea disappeared after embolization. The symptoms of five patients with bleeding disappeared. All patients presented with cosmetic concerns; Four were cured, and eight had a clearly recognizable improvement. Of note, 19 (100%) patients presented with impairment of daily life, which was resolved. The minor complications were encountered and recovered by the self. No major complications occurred.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that ethanol and coil embolotherapy is effective and safe in treating HOCF caused by HNAVMs with acceptable complications in these cases. The percutaneous suture technique for RDDOV management can act as an adjunct for embolotherapy.

Xin-Yu Li,1,2 Xi-Tao Yang1 1Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xi-Tao Yang, Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China, Email xitao123456@126.comBackground: RNA methylation is one of the most common RNA modifications and is dynamic and reversible. The enzymes and downstream effectors associated with RNA methylation modifications can be targeted to regulate RNA methylation levels. This mechanism can affect RNA processing, metabolism, cell proliferation and migration, and regulation of physiological or pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RNA methylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: Baseline RNA methylation data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The expression pattern, predictive value, mutational profile, and interaction network of RNA methylation genes in pancancer were examined. Then, the association between the expression of RNA methylation genes and immune infiltration was investigated. In addition, a risk score model for HCC was developed and analyzed.Results: Cancer cells had a higher expression of RNA methylation genes than normal cells in some cancer cells, and a higher expression of RNA methylation genes could negatively affect patient prognosis. Enrichment analysis revealed that RNA methylation genes are involved in the mRNA surveillance pathway and RNA degradation and transport. A 4-gene (ALYREF, NSUN4, TRMT6, YTHDF1) prognostic signature was established to predict HCC prognosis based on RNA methylation-related genes. Finally, the role of prognostic models in HCC was validated.Conclusion: RNA methylation genes can be an indicator of oncogenicity in relation to HCC prognosis and are associated with immune infiltration in the tumour microenvironment. This finding could provide clinicians with the opportunity to explore new strategic approaches.Keywords: RNA methylation, pan-cancer, genes

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The effects of Al toxicity on the DWs of whole plants (A), roots (B), stems (C), leaves (D), shoots (E) and ratio of root/shoot (F) of C. sinensis and C. grandis seedlings. Seedlings of C. sinensis and C. grandis were treated with nutrient solution (Control, pH 4.3) or supplemented by 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM Al3+ (pH 4.3) for 15 weeks. The values represent mean �� SE (N = 6). Significant differences (p ��� 0.05) between treatments are indicated by different letters.

Additional file 1.

Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Colwell, Doug, Dewhurst, Charles, Zhang, Dong (2020): Three-dimensional characterization of first instar horse and rhinoceros stomach bot fly larvae (Oestridae: Gasterophilinae: Gasterophilus, Gyrostigma): novel morphology and evolutionary implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 939-952, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa164

It is well known that precipitation anomalies in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) significantly affect circulation and rainfall in East Asia during summer. In this study, the authors further investigated this relationship, by examining the anomalies associated with positive and negative precipitation anomalies in the tropical WNP. The results suggest these anomalies are asymmetric between the enhanced and suppressed WNP rainfall. Positive precipitation anomalies over the WNP, in comparison with their negative counterparts, are more closely related to the meridional teleconnection pattern and rainfall anomalies along the East Asian rain belt. The implications of the results are discussed.

Compared to AC micro-grid, DC micro-grid has some advantages in improving power quality, decreasing energy consumption and other cost. Firstly, DC micro-grid with multi-sources and multi-loads are put forward. Secondly, its energy management and coordinated control structure are studied. Lastly, we focus on hybrid energy storage system (HESS), especially the HESS topology.

To explore clinical effect of modified Chevron osteotomy combined with lateral tissue loosening for the treatment of mild-moderate hallux valgus through internal signal approach.From July 2015 to June 2016, 26 patients with mild-moderate hallux valgus treated with modified Chevron osteotomy combined with lateral tissue loosening through internal signal approach, including 2 males and 24 females aged from 45 to 65 years old with an average of(54.6±4.8) years old;the courses of diseases ranged from 1 to 5 months with an average of (7.5±3.3) months. Hallux valgus angle(HVA), inter metatarsal angle(IMA) were measured at 12 months after operation, and AOFAS score was applied to evaluate clinical effect before and after operation.All incisions were healed at stage I. No incision occurred infection, metatarsal necrosis and recurrence of hallux valgus deformity. Two patients occurred skin numbness caused by musculocutaneous nerve injury. Twenty-six patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of(9.12±2.06) months. HVA, IMA were(30.01±3.71)°, (14.00±1.50)° before operation and(9.41±4.16)°, (7.00±0.60)° after operation, which had significant difference. There was statistical significance in AOFAS score before operation 54.77±9.59 and after operation 92.73±5.47, and 19 cases obtained excellent results and 7 moderate.Modified Chevron osteotomy combined with full thread headless pressure screw fixation and lateral tissue loosening for the treatment of mild-moderate hallux valgus has advantages of excellent exposure, simple operation, stable fixation, rapid recovery. Akin osteotomy with internal capsulorrhaphy were used with lateral loosening and could recover soft tissue balance between lateral and internal, and could receive satisfied clinical effects.

Aimed at the deficiency of the magnetic guide and RFID parking system used by substation inspection robot now, a laser navigation system is designed, and the system structure, the method of map building and positioning are all introduced. The system performance is tested in a 500kV substation, and the result show that the repetitive precision of navigation system is precise enough to help the robot fulfill inspection tasks.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal time window for intervention of BK virus (BKV) replication and its effect on the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and treatment regimens was conducted among KTRs whose urine BKV load was ≥1.0×10(4) copies/mL following the operation between April, 2000 and April, 2015. KTRs with urine BKV load < 1.0 × 10(4) copies/mL matched for transplantation time served as the control group. RESULTS: A total of 54 recipients positive for urine BKV were included in the analysis. According to urine BKV load, the recipients were divided into 3 groups: group A with urine BKV load of 1.0×10(4)-1.0×10(7) copies/mL (n=22), group B with urine BKV load >1.0×10(7) copies/mL (n=24), and group C with plasma BKV load ≥1.0×10(4) copies/mL (n=8); 47 recipients were included in the control group. During the follow-up for 3.2-34.5 months, the urine and plasma BKV load was obviously lowered after intervention in all the 54 BKV-positive recipients (P < 0.05). Eighteen (81.82%) of the recipients in group A and 19 (79.17%) in group B showed stable or improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the intervention; in group C, 4 recipients (50%) showed stable eGFR after the intervention. In the last follow-up, the recipients in groups A and B showed similar eGFR with the control group (P>0.05), but in group C, eGFR was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.001). The recipients in group A and the control group had the best allograft outcome with stable or improved eGFR. CONCLUSION: Early intervention of BKV replication (urine BKV load ≥1.0 × 10(4) copies/mL) in KTRs with appropriate immunosuppression reduction can be helpful for stabilizing the allograft function and improving the long-term outcomes.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and Alport syndrome (AS) are serious inherited disorders associated with renal disease, and thalassemia is a hereditary blood disease with a high prevalence in south China. Here, we report an exceptional PKD coincidence of thalassemia minor and AS (diagnosed genetically) in a large Chinese family. Whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on the proband, and all family members underwent clinical evaluation. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the mutations distinguished by NGS. The pathogenic potential of the variants were evaluated by Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 (PolyPhen-2), Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT) algorithm, and MutationTaster. Immunohistochemical, Western blot, immunofluorescent, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analyses were performed to investigate polycystin 1 (PC1) expression, and cell proliferation and apoptosis in kidney tissues from the proband and normal control. A novel frameshift polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) mutation (c.3903delC, p.A1302Pfs) was identified to be responsible for renal disease in this family. PC1 expression, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were significantly increased in the kidney tissues of the proband. Moreover, a deletion of approximately 19.3 kb of DNA with α-globin genes (_ _SEA) was associated with thalassemia minor in the family. In addition, a collagen type IV α 5 chain (COL4A5) variant (c.2858G>T, rs78972735), annotated as a pathogenic mutation in dbSNP and human gene mutation database (HGMD), was found in four family members with no clinical traits of AS. A novel pathogenic PKD1 mutation (c.3903delC) and (_ _SEA) thalassemia deletion were found to be responsible for the clinical symptoms in this family. The reported pathogenic COL4a5 variant (c.2858G>T, rs78972735) was not pathogenic alone.

Lispe candicans Kowarz, 1892 (Figs. 1 D; 3 E; 4 H, I, L; 12; 13; 31 G, H) Lispa candicans Kowarz, 1892: 36; Becker, 1903: 112. Lispa candicans var. obscurior Strobl, 1893: 108. Lispa uroleuca Pandelle, 1899: 133. Lispe candicans Kowarz: Hennig, 1960: 425; Pont, 1980: 751; Pont, 1986: 185. Material examined. 1 male, France: Palavas, 1900, Coll. Villeneuve; 1 male, France: Palavas, 28.VI. 1919; 1 female, France: Chaville, Coll. Baudouin. All in MBFU. Remarks. Compared with other species in the group, the WIPs of this species is less vivid (Figs. 31 G, H), yet with more color bands (green, blue, magenta, green, blue and magenta) at posterior part of the wing in male and with bands of same color sequences but different width in female. Distribution. Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Gambia, France, Mozambique., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Kowarz, F. (1892) Die europaischen Arten der Dipterengattung Lispa Latr. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 11, 33 - 54.","Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195.","Strobl, P. G. (1893) Beitrage zur Dipterenfauna des osterreichischen littorale. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 12, 89 - 108.","Pandelle, L. (1899) Etudes sur les Muscides de France (III e partie) [cont.]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 18 (special pagination), 121 - 208.","Hennig, W. (1960) Family Muscidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63 b. Lieferung 209. Stuttgart, pp. 399 - 460.","Pont, A. C. (1980) Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 750 - 752.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191."]}

Lispe lanceoseta Wang & Fan in Wang et al., 1981 (Figs. 1 G; 20���22) Lispe lanceoseta Wang & Fan in Wang et al., 1981: 253; Pont, 1986: 187; Fan, 1992: 371; Xue & Chao, 1996: 1002; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 119; Zhang et al., 2005: 356 Material examined. Type material. PARATYPES, 1 male, labeled (1) Hequ county/ (19) 78. VII. 17 [handwritten in Chinese]; (2) PARATYPE / Lispe lanceoseta Wang et Fan, 1980 [red label with broad margin, first line printed, second line handwritten]; (3) Hequ liuying nov. sp. [handwritten, the original but unused Chinese name of the species]; 1 female, labeled (1) Hequ county/ (19) 78. VII. 17 [handwritten in Chinese]; (2) PARATYPE / Lispe lanceoseta Wang et Fan, 1980 [red label with broad margin, first line printed, second line handwritten]. Both in SEMCAS. Redescription. Male. Body length: 4.9 ���5.0 mm (Fig. 20 A). Head (Fig. 20 C): Eye bare, facet a little expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad on median part, becoming narrow anteriorly; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; frontal vitta dark brown; frontal-orbital plate and frontal triangle with grey pollinosity; median part of frontal triangle about 0.3 times as wide as frontal-orbital plate, upper orbital setae 1, frontal setae 3 and with 1 row of short setae on outer part; parafacial bare, about as wide as postpedicel; facial ridge low, concave; antenna black, with greyish pollinosity, postpedicel slightly longer than pedicel, arista plumose, longest setula longer than width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina, epistoma not projecting; vibrissa absent; genal height about 1 / 10 of eye height; proboscis short, labella small; palpi big and yellow, compressed, towards apex expanded, outer surface setulose apically. Thorax: Ground color black with dense grey pollinosity; acr 0+ 1 (setula-like); presutural 4���5 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3 (developed); ia 0+ 2; without pra; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: hyaline; veins towards apex becoming more yellowish brown; vein R 4 + 5 parallel to M 1 + 2; calypteres white, the lower one about 2 times as long as the upper one; haltere yellowish. Legs: Black except knees yellowish brown; with grey pollinosity; fore legs short; fore femur with sparse pv in basal 2 / 3; fore tibia with 1 preapical ad, first tarsomere slightly longer than other segments of tarsis; mid femur with strong av on apical 1 / 2; mid tibia with 1 short weak ad and 1 short weak pd in apical 1 / 3, with apically willowleaf-like av and pv spines (Figs 20 B; 21 C); mid tarsi greyish yellow; hind femur with av in basal 3 / 4; hind tibia with 1 submedian ad; first hind tarsomere short, slightly swollen, with sharp apex, equal to summed length of other tarsomeres, with dense and curved bristles on the anterior dorsal margin (Figs. 1 G; 21 D). Abdomen (Fig. 20 D): Ground color black, oval; tergites 3���5 dusted with brown patches on anterolateral margin, tergite 5 with 2 lateral discal setae and 1 postmarginal seta; epandrium black with central white patches. Female. Body length 6.3���6.5 mm (Fig. 22 A). General characters as in male but differing from male in: median part of frons about 1 / 2 the head-width; frontal vitta with brownish yellow pollinosity; frontal triangle broader than male; vibrissa medium long; genal height about 1 / 7 of eye height; palpi distinctly spoon-shaped; thorax with yellow pollinosity; legs grey except knees brown; 1 / 2 basal fore tibia and 1 / 2 basal hind tabia yellow; fore femur with longer pv than male; mid tibia with 1 submedian ad and pd, without specialized spines; hind femur with 2 preapical av; hind tibia with 1 submedian ad; hind tarsi regular; abdomen without patches (Fig. 22 C). Remarks. In contrast with other species from this group, male of L. lanceoseta is distinctively special in: face and antenna short; arista short yet plumose; apex of mid tibia with willowleaf-like av and pv spines; and first hind tarsomere with a sharp and pointy apex, only anterodorsal margin covered with curved bristles. The original yet unused Chinese name of the species is ���Hequ liuying���, which is given after its type locality. Now its admitted Chinese name is ���Liuye liuying���, which stands for the willowleaf-like spines on mid tibia. Distribution. China (Shanxi)., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Wang, C. J., Lu, Y. L., Chen, Z. Z. & Fan, Z. D. (1981) Four new calypterate flies from Shanxi, China (Diptera: Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). Contributions-Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 2, 253 - 258. [In Chinese with English summary]","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191.","Fan, Z. D. (1992) Key to the Common Flies of China. Second Revised Edition. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 369 - 372. [in Chinese with English summary]","Xue, W. Q. & Chao, C. M. (1996) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 809 - 835. [In Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lispe caesia microchaeta S��guy, 1940 (Figs. 1 C; 2 B; 3 C; 4 G, I,K; 10; 11; 30 B; 31 E, F) Lispa caesia microchaeta S��guy, 1940: 342; Hennig, 1960: 424; Pont, 1986: 185; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 119; Zhang et al., 2005: 356 Lispe caesia caesia Meigen: Fan, 1992: 371; Xue & Chao, 1996: 995. [misidentified] Material examined. 1 female, China: Xinjiang: Mt. Aerjin, 11.VIII. 1988, Coll. X.Z. Zhang; 9 males and 2 females, China: Xinjiang: Altay City: Kalamaili Nature Reserve, 14���17.VIII. 2009, Coll. D. Zhang; 11 males, China: Liaoning: Jingzhou, 9.VIII. 2014, Coll. X.Y. Li. All deposited in MBFU. Redescription. Male. Body length: 6.0��� 6.5 mm. Head (Figs. 10 C, D, E): Eye bare, facet a little expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad in median part, becoming narrow anteriorly, median part about 0.32��� 0.35 times of head-width; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; frons, face, gena and antenna with silvery pollinosity; upper orbital setae 1, frontal setae 3 and with 1 row of short setae on outer part; parafacial bare, about as wide as postpedicel; facial ridge low, concave; antenna dark brown, postpedicel about 3.2���3.4 times as long as broad (1.6���1.8 times as long as pedicel), arista plumose, the longest setula equal to width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissa weak, shorter than length of distance between them; genal height about 1 / 7 of eye height; postocular setae 4 rows, posterior 2 rows situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short, labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin; prementum shinning; palpi yellow, compressed, becoming spoon-shaped apically, apical inner surface setulose and outer surface bare, outer surface with silvery pollinosity. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silver grey pollinosity; acr 0+ 1 (thin); presutural 5 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3; ia 0+ 2, without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; the median part of anepimeron with numerous bristles; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; spiracles brown, posterior one small and with 4 or 5 setae on posterior lower margin; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: Slightly hyaline; veins becoming brown towards apex; tegula brown; basicosta and subcostal sclerite yellow; costal spine unobvious; vein C with ventral setulae; other veins bare; vein R 4 + 5, M and crossvein dm-cu straight; calypteres white; haltere tawny; WIPs with color bands not entirely demarcated (blue, magenta, red and yellow) at posterior part of the wing, of which red band narrow (Figs. 31 E, F). Legs: Black except knees yellow, with densely silver grey pollinosity; fore femur with 1 elongated pv row; fore tibia with 1 submedian pv; mid tibia with 1 submedian ad and 1 submedian pv; hind femur with 1 ad row, with 3 elongated v on apical half; hind tibia with 1 apical d; first hind tarsomere dictinctly swollen, becoming spindleshaped (Fig. 1 B), swollen part with close-set elongated ventral setulae (sword-shaped) (Fig. 30 B); swollen tarsomere shorter than the summed length of other tarsomeres; tarsi shorter than tibiae; claws and pulvilli small. Abdomen: Ground color black, oval, with grey pollinosity; tergites silver grey, tergite 3 with small faint patches, tergite 4 dusted with large triangular brown patches on sides, tergite 5 with pair of large brown venteral patches (Fig. 10 B). Female. Body length 6.4���6.6 mm. General characters as in male but differing from male in: frons about 0.31 times of head-width at median part; upper orbital setae 2; vibrissa developed; hind femur with 4 elongated setulae on venter; first hind tarsomere not swollen; tergite 4 with larger patches, tergite 5 without patches (Fig. 11 E), tergite 7 divided medially, fused with sternite 7; sternite 7 stongly sclerotized, with median lobe, sternite 8 absent. Distribution. China (Liaoning Xinjiang), Spanish Sahara., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Seguy, E. (1940) Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Vol. 2 (12). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 342 pp.","Hennig, W. (1960) Family Muscidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63 b. Lieferung 209. Stuttgart, pp. 399 - 460.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191.","Fan, Z. D. (1992) Key to the Common Flies of China. Second Revised Edition. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 369 - 372. [in Chinese with English summary]","Xue, W. Q. & Chao, C. M. (1996) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 809 - 835. [In Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lispe palawanensis Shinonaga & Kano, 1989 (Figs. 1 I, 26) Lispe palawanensis Shinonaga & Kano, 1989: 818. Material examined. Type material. PARATYPE, 1 male, labeled (1) PHILIPPINES:/ Antipolo Beach/ Palawan/ 1.XI. 1975 [printed]; (2) Collecter/ H. Kurahashi [printed]; (3) Lispe palawanensis Shinonaga et Kano sp. nov., 1988; (4) Paratype [printed on yellow label]; in MNHN. Remarks. The species is similar to L. aquamarina but differs in having dark brown palpi and obvious boundary between frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate. Also, the swollen tarsi of two species are quite different: much more enlarged entirely in L. aquamarina (Fig. 1 A) while only with a fringe and in a smaller size in L. palawanensis (Fig. 1 I). For detailed description of L. palawanensis see Shinonaga & Kano (1989). Distribution. Philippines., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Shinonaga, S. & Kano R. (1989) Four New Species of Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae) from the Oriental Region. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 57 (4), 815 - 821."]}

Lispe leucocephala Loew, 1856 (Figs. 1 H; 23���25; 31 KL) Lispa leucocephala Loew, 1856: 49. Lispe leucocephala Loew: Hennig, 1960: 438; Pont, 1986: 187. Lispe frontalis Zielke, 1972: 148. syn. nov. Lispe frontalis Zielke: Pont, 1980: 751. Material examined. Type material. HOLOTYPE of Lispe frontalis Zielke, male, labeled (1) MADAGASCAR Maj./ Amborovy/ 28.VI. 58 / F.KEISER [printed]; (2) Lispe frontalis n. sp. &male;/ det. E. Zielke 1970 [handwritten]; (3) HOLOTYPUS [printed on red label]; in MNHN. SYNTYPES of Lispe leucocephala, 1 male, labeled (1) Aegypten / Frauenf. [handwritten]; (2) Coll. H. Loew [printed]; (3) Zool. Mus. Berlin [printed]; (4) Cotypus/ Nr. [printed on red label with broad margin]; 1 female, labeled (1) Suez/ Frauenf [handwritten]; (2) Coll. H. Loew [printed]; (3) Zool. Mus. Berlin [printed]; (4) leucocephala Lw. / det. Becker [first line handwriten, second line printed]; (5) Cotypus/ Nr. [printed on red label with broad margin]. Both in ZMHU. Redescription. Male. Body length 4.9���5.3 mm. Head (Figs. 23 B, C): Eye bare, facet slightly expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad on vertex, becoming narrow anteriorly, median part about 0.37���0.39 times of head-width; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; frons, face and gena with silver grey pollinosity; upper orbital setae 2, frontal setae 2 and with 1 short setae row on outer part; parafacial bare, slightly shorter than width of postpedicel; facial ridge low, slightly concave; antenna grey and small, postpedicel about 1.5���1.7 times as long as broad (1.1���1.3 times as long as pedicel), arista plumose, longest setula shorter than width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissa absent; genal height about 1 / 3 of eye height; postocular setae 3 rows, posteriormost row situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short, labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin, prementum shinning; palpi yellow, compressed, expanded in distal part, towards apex becoming spoon-shaped, both inner and outer surfaces slightly setulose on apex. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silver grey pollinosity; scutellum with brown pollinosity on posterior; acr 0+ 1 (thin); presutural 5 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3; ia 0+ 2; without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; anepimeron with numerous hairs; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; spiracles brown, posterior one small; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wing: WIPs without continuous demarcated bands, but with large yellow portion at posterior part (Fig. 31 K). Legs: Black but knees yellow, with dense silver grey pollinosity; fore tibia with 1 submedian d; mid tibia with 1 preapical ad; hind femur with 1 developed ad row and 1 developed pv row; hind tibia with 1 submedian pv, 1 preapical v; first hind tarsomere distinctly swollen, with ventral tuft (Fig. 1 H). Abdomen: Oval; with silver grey pollinosity; tergites without any patches (Fig. 23 D). Female. Body length 5.1���5.3 mm (Fig. 25 A). General characters as in male but differing from male in: vibrissa present but weak; genal height about 1 / 4 of eye height; thorax with brown pollinosity; antenna with dark brown pollinosity; WIPs with large yellow portion and some cyan portion; fore tibia with 1 submedian pd; hind tibia with 1 median ad, 1 submedian av and 1 strong preapical d; first hind tarsomere not swollen. Remarks. Zielke (1972) described L. frontalis as a new species from Madagascar but did not provide any illustrations. When examining the holotype of L. frontalis and the syntypes of L. leucocephala, we found they share with the same distinctive characters in male: face, gena and frontal vitta all with silvery grey pollinosity; antenna grey and small, postpedicel about 1.5���1.7 times as long as broad (1.1���1.3 times as long as pedicel); vibrissa absent; swollen hind tarsi in same shape; abdomen with grey pollinosity and without patches. The holotype of L. frontalis lost the abdominal pollinosity but according to the original description its abdomen is ���uniformly grey dusted without any dark pattern���. Therefore, we are confident that L. frontalis should be a junior synonymy of L. leucocephala. Distribution. Egypt, Madagascar., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Loew, H. (1856) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Vierter Beitrag. Programm Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, 1856, 1 - 49.","Hennig, W. (1960) Family Muscidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63 b. Lieferung 209. Stuttgart, pp. 399 - 460.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191.","Zielke, E. (1972) New Muscidae Species from Madagascar (Diptera). Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 82 (1), 145 - 163.","Pont, A. C. (1980) Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 750 - 752."]}

Liu, Xian-Hui, Liu, Jia-Jia, Li, Xin-Yu, Zhang, Dong (2016): Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa 4067 (3): 361-372, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.3.5

Lispe hirsutipes Mou in Fan, 1992 (Fig. 19) Lispe hirsutipes Mou in Fan, 1992: 371; Xue & Chao, 1996: 997; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 125; Zhang et al., 2005: 356. Remarks. The type specimens are deposited in Jinzhou Municipal Health and Anti-epidemic Station. We could not contact the author, and no additional infomation was publised after that. Mou in Fan (1992) noted that ���Related to Lispe patellitarsis Becker, in present new species however the wing clear at apical part, hind metatarsus narrower and densely with long fringes on basal third of hind tibia ventrally and postventrally, hind tibia also with a row of av setae���. Here we also adpated the original figures of male terminalia and hind leg from Mou in Fan (1992) (Fig. 19). Distribution. China (Liaoning)., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Fan, Z. D. (1992) Key to the Common Flies of China. Second Revised Edition. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 369 - 372. [in Chinese with English summary]","Xue, W. Q. & Chao, C. M. (1996) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 809 - 835. [In Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lispe caesia caesia Meigen, 1826 (Figs. 1 B; 3 B; 4 B, D, F; 8; 9; 31 C, D) Lispe caesia Meigen, 1826: 228; Hennig, 1960: 423; Pont, 1986: 185. Lispe crassiuscula Loew, 1847: 31. Lispa convexiuscula Kowarz, 1892: 48. Lispa odessae Becker, 1904: 37; Hennig, 1960: 449. Material examined. Type material. HOLOTYPE female, labeled (1) Lispe caesia [handwritten]; (2) Meigen [handwritten]; in MNHN. Additonal material: 1 male, Italy: Sardegna Island, 7.VIII. 1955, Coll. A.G. Soika; 1 male, Spain: Tabarca Island, 1908; 1 male, France: Palavas, 28.VI. 1919; 1 female, Turkey, 26.V. 1961, Coll. A.G. Soika; in MBFU. Remarks. WIPs of this subspeices includes 4 color bands (magenta, green, blue and magenta) at posterior part of the wing in both male and female, of which the second magenta band is narrow (Figs, 31 C, D). For major differences between males of L. caesia caesia and L. caesia microchaeta see the key above. Distribution. Algeria, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Russia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vol. 5. Funfter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm, 228 pp.","Hennig, W. (1960) Family Muscidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63 b. Lieferung 209. Stuttgart, pp. 399 - 460.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191.","Loew, H. (1847) Ein Paar neue Fliegen zum neuen Jahre. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 8, 23 - 32.","Kowarz, F. (1892) Die europaischen Arten der Dipterengattung Lispa Latr. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 11, 33 - 54.","Becker, T. (1904) Die palaarktischen Formen der Dipterengattung Lispa Latr. Zeitschrift fuer Entomologie Breslau, 29, 1 - 70."]}

Lispe aquamarina Shinonaga & Kano, 1983 (Figs. 1 A; 2 A; 3 A; 4 A, C, E; 5���7; 30 A; 31 A, B) Lispe aquamarina Shinonaga & Kano, 1983: 84; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 126; Zhang et al., 2005: 356. Lispe argenteiceps Ma & Mou in Fan, 1992: 370; Xue & Chao, 1996: 994. Material examined. 40 males and 25 females, China: Liaoning: Dalian, 11.VIII. 2003, Coll. D. Zhang and R.R. Wang; 1 male and 1 female, same location as above, 12.VIII. 2003, Coll. D. Zhang and R.R. Wang. All in MBFU. Redescription. Male. Body length 5.5 ���6.0 mm. Head (Figs. 5 B, C, D): Eye bare, facet slightly expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad on vertex, becoming narrow anteriorly, median part about 0.33���0.35 times of head-width; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate without obvious boundary; frons, face, gena and antenna with silvery pollinosity; upper orbital setae 2, frontal setae 2 and with 1 row of short setae on outer part; parafacial bare, about as wide as postpedicel; facial ridge low, slightly concave; antenna dark brown, postpedicel about 2.8 ���3.0 times as long as broad (2.2���2.4 times as long as pedicel), arista plumose, the longest setula equal to width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissa weak, shorter than length of distance between them; genal height about 1 / 5 of eye height; postocular setae 3 rows, posteriormost 1 row situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short, labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin, prementum shinning; palpi yellowish, compressed, expanded in distal part, spoon-shaped apically, apical inner surface setulose and outer surface bare. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silver grey pollinosity; scutellum with brown pollinosity; acr 0+ 1 (thin); presutural 5 or 6 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3; ia 0+ 2, without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; median part of anepimeron with numerous bristles; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; spiracles brown, posterior one small and with 4 or 5 setae on posterior lower margin; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: Slightly hyaline; veins of wing becoming brown apically; tegula and basicosta dark brown; subcostal sclerite yellow; costal spine about as long as crossvein r���m; vein C with ventral setulae; other veins bare; vein R 4 + 5, M and crossvein dm-cu straight; calypteres yellowish; halteres dark brown; WIPs with 3 clearly demarcated color bands (green, blue and magenta) evenly distributed at posterior part of the wing (Figs. 31 A, B). Legs: Black except distal 1 / 5 of fore tibia and knees yellow, with dense silver grey pollinosity; fore tibia without p seta; mid femur with 1 pv row which elongated on basal part, with 1 or 2 preapical pd; mid tibia without ad, with 1 strong preapical d and 1 median p; hind femur with 1 submedian av and 2 or 3 elongated pv in basal l/ 3; hind tibia with 1 submedian av, 1 ad and 1 preapical d; first hind tarsomere swollen and shortened (Figs. 1 A; 30 A), with dense and long setulae ventrally, elongate to the basal half of second hind tarsomere, with a smoothly bare ventral surface on basal part (Fig. 30 B), shorter than summed length of other tarsomeres; tarsi shorter than tibia, claws and pulvilli small. Abdomen: (Fig. 5 E) Ground color black, oval, with grey pollinosity; syntergite 1 + 2 black, tergites 3 and 4 dusted with large triangular lateral black patch on each side, tergite 5 with pair of large black patches on anterior margin. Female. Body length 7.0��� 7.4 mm. General characters as in male but differing from male in: frons about 0.36��� 0.38 times of head-width at median part; frons, face, gena and antenna with brown pollinosity (Figs. 7 B, C); palpi brown; thorax with brown pollinosity; WIPs with 4 color bands (green, blue, magenta and yellow) at posterior part of the wing, of which green band larger and yellow band narrower; hind femur with 4 or 5 strong pv in basal 1 / 2; first hind tarsomere not swollen; tergite 5 with brownish yellow pollinosity, without patches., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Shinonaga, S. & Kano, R. (1983) Two New Species and A Newly Record Subspecies of the Genus Lispe Latreille from Japan with A Key to Japanese Speciese (Diptera, Muscidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 34 (2), 83 - 88.","Fan, Z. D. (1992) Key to the Common Flies of China. Second Revised Edition. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 369 - 372. [in Chinese with English summary]","Xue, W. Q. & Chao, C. M. (1996) Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 809 - 835. [In Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lispe patellitarsis Becker, 1914 (Figs. 1 J; 2 D; 27���29; 31 M, N) Lispa patellitarsis Becker, 1914: 87. Lispe hamanae Hori & Kurahashi, 1966: 101. Lispe patellitarsis Becker: Fan, 1992: 371; Xue & Chao, 1996: 1006; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 119; Zhang et al., 2005: 356. Material examined. 1 male, China: Guangdong: Zhanjiang, 19.XI. 1982, Coll. A.M. Yao; 2 males and 1 female, China: Liaoning: Jingzhou, 9.VIII. 2014, Coll. X.Y. Li. All in MBFU. Redescription. Male. Body length: 5.1���5.3 mm. Head (Figs. 27 B, C, D): Eye bare, facet expanded on anterior margin in median part, about 2.0 times of upper part of the facet; frons broad on vertex, towards anterior becoming narrow, median part about 0.28���0.31 times of head-width; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial plate and gena with dense silvery grey pollinosity; frontal vitta black, without pollinosity, about 1.8 times as wide as fronto-orbital plate, frontal triangle distinctly broad, gloss black, without pollinosity, reaching to lunule, upper orbital setae 2, frontal setae 5 and with 1 setae row on outer part; parafacial bare, about 4 / 5 wide as postpedicel; facial ridge a little projecting, concave; postpedicel dark brown, about 2.9���3.3 times as long as broad (1.5���1.7 times as long as pedicel), arista ciliated, longest setula equal to 1 / 4 width of postpedicel; face furvous, planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissa weak, equal to length of distance between them; gena with 1 row of up-dip setae on anterior upper margin; genal height about 1 / 5 of eye height; postocular setae 3 rows, posteriormost row situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short, labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin, prementum shinning; palpi brownish black, compressed, towards apex becoming spoon-shaped, on apex inner surface setulose and outer surface bare. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silvery grey pollinosity; acr 0+ 1 (trichoid), presutural 7���8 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 0+ 1; ia 0+ 2; without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; anepimeron with numerous bristles; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; anterior spiracle yellow, posterior spiracle brown and small and with 2 or 3 setae on posterior lower margin; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: Brown; slightly hyaline; veins becoming brown apically; tegula, basicosta and subcostal sclerite brownish yellow; costal spine slightly shorter than vein r-m; vein C with ventral setulae; other veins bare; vein R 4 + 5, M and crossvein dm-cu straight; calypteres yellowish white; haltere yellow; cell r 2 + 3 with dark cloud; WIPs with 4 demarcated bands (blue, magenta, yellow and cyan), of which blue band large and cyan band narrow (Figs. 31 M, N). Legs: Black except basal femur; distal 1 / 4 of fore tibia, mid and hind tarsi and knees yellow; fore tibia with 1 submedian p; mid femur with 1 row of lodging pv; mid tibia with 1 submedian p; hind femur with short av and pv rows; hind tibia with 1 preapical av, 1 preapical ad and ad rows; first hind tarsomere dictinctly shortened and swollen, (Fig. 1 J), swollen part elongated to basal half of second hind tarsomere and with tuft; second hind tarsomere compressed, median part ridgy and jubate from posterior view; tarsi shorter than tibiae; claws and pulvilli small. Abdomen: Ground color black; oval; with dense grey pollinosity; tergites 1���3 with light black patches in the middle, tergite 4 with a large triangular lateral brown patches, tergite 5 dusted with brown patches on posterior margin (Fig. 27 F), 1 / 2 apex of tergite 5 with brown patches. Female. Body length 5.4���5.6 mm. General characters as in male but differing from male in: genal height about 1 / 4 of eye height; wing without cloud; first hind tarsomere not swollen; tergites 3 and 4 with median stripe (Fig. 29 D). Distribution. China (Guangdong, Liaoning), Japan, South Korea., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 66-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Becker, T. (1914) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Th. Lispen und Phoriden (Dipt.). Supplementa Entomologica, 3, 80 - 90."]}

Lispe halophora Becker, 1903 (Figs. 1 F; 17; 18; 31 O) Lispa halophora Becker, 1903: 116. Lispe halophora Becker: Hennig, 1960: 436; Pont, 1986: 187. Material examined. Type material. SYNTYPES, 1 male, labeled (1) Alexandria/ 45033, V. [handwritten] [comment form Pont and Werner (2006): Becker notebooks: as for 45032, but 7 ex.]; (2) Lispa halophora Beck. 0 3 &male; / Type / Th. Becker det. [first and second lines handwritten, third line printed]; (3) Typus [printed on red label]; (4) Zool. Mus. Berlin [printed]; 1 female, labeled (1) Alexandria/ 45032.V. [handwritten] [comment from Pont & Werner (2006): Becker notebooks: 3.V. 1899, Alexandria, near El Meks, on the bank of salt lake, not on the seashore, 4 ex.]; (2) Lispa halophora Beck. 0 3 &female;/ Type / Th. Becker det. [first and second lines handwritten, third line printed]; (3) Typus [printed on red label]; (4) Zool. Mus. Berlin [printed]. Both in ZMHU. Redescription. Male. Body length 6.2���6.4 mm (Fig. 17 A). Head (Figs. 17 B, C ): Eye bare, facet slightly expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad on vertex, becoming narrow anteriorly, median part about 0.33���0.34 times of head-width; frontal vitta and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; frons, face and gena with dense silvery grey pollinosity; frontal vitta with thin silvery pollinosity, upper orbital setae 2, frontal setae 3 (developed) and with 5 short setae in 1 row on outer part; parafacial bare, slightly shorter than width of postpedicel; facial ridge low, slightly concave; antenna dark brown, pedicel with thin silvery pollinosity, postpedicel about 3.3��� 3.5 times as long as broad (1.9���2.1 times as long as pedicel), arista plumose, the longest setula equal to width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissae asymmetric, left one short while right one strong, right one longer than length of distance between them; genal height about 1 / 4 of eye height; postocular setae 3 rows, posteriormost row situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short, labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin, prementum shinning, about 5.3 times as long as broad; palpi dark grey, compressed, expanded in distal part, towards apex becoming spoon-shaped, both inner and outer surfaces setulose (more strongly than other species in the group) on apex. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silvery grey pollinosity; scutellum with brown pollinosity on posterior; acr 0+ 1 (thin); presutural 6 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3; ia 1 + 2, without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; the median part of anepimeron with numerous bristles; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; spiracles brown, posterior one small and with 4 or 5 setae on posterior lower margin; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: Slightly hyaline; veins becoming brown apically; tegula and basicosta yellowish brown; subcostal sclerite yellow; costal spine about as long as crossvein r���m; vein C with ventral setulae; other veins bare; vein R 4 + 5, M and crossvein dm-cu straight; calypteres white; haltere yellowish; WIPs with 4 demarcated color bands (cyan, blue, magenta and yellow) at posterior part of the wing, of which yellow band at dominace (Fig. 30 O). Legs: Black except knees yellow; with dense silvery grey pollinosity; fore femur with 1 v row (which become shorter in basal 1 / 2) and 1 devoloped pd row; fore tibia with 1 preapical d and 1 apical ad; mid legs lost; hind femur with 1 av row (of which 4 setae on distal half developed), 1 developed pv row (of which 3 setae in basal 1 / 3 developed) and 1 close-set ad row; hind tibia with ununiformly-spaced short setulae rows on each surface, with 17- 19 different-sized developed setae in distal half on av and pv surfaces, with 1 developed preapical d; first hind tarsomere moderately swollen (Fig. 1 F), with 2 dense and long setulae rows on av surface, shorter than the summed length of other tarsomeres; tarsi shorter than tibia; claws and pulvilli small. Abdomen: (Fig. 17 D) Ground color black, oval, with silvery grey pollinosity; tergite 3 with brown patches, tergite 4 dusted with triangular dark brown patches on sides, tergite 5 with developed discal and marginal setae and pair of small dark brown patches on anterior margin which merge with patch on tergite 4. Female. Body length 6.6���6.8 mm. General characters as in male but differing from male in: frontal vitta, frontal-orbital plate and parafacial with brownish grey pollinosity; gena with silvery grey pollinosity; both vibrissae strong; fore tibia with 1 median p; mid femur with 1 comb-like av row and 5 developed pv in basal 1 / 3; mid tibia with 1 median ad, 1 median pd, 1 preapical ad and 1 apical d; hind tibia with 1 median ad, 2 v, 1 preapical d and 1 apical ad; first hind tarsomere not swollen. Distribution. Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195.","Hennig, W. (1960) Family Muscidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 63 b. Lieferung 209. Stuttgart, pp. 399 - 460.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Family Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 184 - 191.","Pont, A. C. & Werner D. (2006) The Types of Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt- Universitatzu, Berlin, Germany. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 1, 3 - 139. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 200600001"]}

Lispe flavicornis Stein, 1909 (Figs. 1 E; 2 C; 3 E; 14���16; 30 C; 31 I, J) Lispa flavicornis Stein, 1909: 260. Lispa vidua Becker, 1914: 85. Lispe flavicornis Stein: Pont, 1977: 508; Xue & Chao, 1996: 997; Xue & Zhang, 2005: 119; Zhang et al., 2005: 356. Material examined. 7 males and 10 females, China: Guangdong: Nan���ao Island, 27.VII. 2013, Coll. W. Li & Y.Q. Ge; 8 males, same location as above, 13.VIII. 2014, Coll. W. Li. All in MBFU. Redescription. Male. Body length 5.2���5.6 mm. Head (Figs. 14 B, C, D): Eye bare, facet a little expanded on anterior margin in median part; frons broad in median part, becoming narrow anteriorly; median part about 0.33��� 0.35 times of head-width; frontal triangle with golden pollinosity; frontal vitta, frontal triangle and frontal-orbital plate with obvious boundary; frons, face and gena with silvery pollinosity; upper orbital setae 2, frontal setae 3 and with 1 row of short setae on outer part; parafacial bare, slightly shorter than width of postpedicel; facial ridge low, concave; antenna orange, postpedicel about 2.8 ���3.0 times as long as broad (1.4���1.6 times as long as pedicel), arista plumose, longest setula equal to width of postpedicel; face planate, without facial carina; epistoma not projecting to vibrissal angle; vibrissa strong, slightly longer than length of distance between them; genal height about 1 / 5 of eye height; postocular setae 3 rows, posteriormost row situated in occiput; postgena with black setulae; proboscis short; labella small, with 2 prestomal teeth on posterior margin, prementum shinning; palpi yellow, compressed, expanded in distal part, towards apex becoming spoon-shaped, both inner and outer surfaces sparsely setulose. Thorax: Ground color black with dense silver grey pollinosity except scutellum with brown pollinosity; acr 0+ 1 (thin); presutural 5 rows of acrostichal setulae; dc 2 + 3; ia 1 + 2, without pra; basal and apical scutellar setae all developed; scutellum bare on lateral surfaces and underneath; notopleuron bare; the median part of anepimeron with numerous bristles; prosternum, meron and katepimeron bare; spiracles brown, posterior one small and with 4 or 5 setae on posterior lower margin; katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wings: Slightly hyaline; veins becoming brown apically; tegula, basicosta and subcostal sclerite yellow; costal spine unobvious; vein C with ventral setulae; other veins bare; vein R 4 + 5, M and crossvein dm-cu straight; calypteres white; haltere yellowish brown; cell r 2 + 3 usually with faint cloud; WIPs with 4 demarcated color bands (blue, magenta, red and yellow) at posterior part of the wing, of which magenta and red bands narrow (Figs. 31 I, J). Legs: Black except basal part of tibia and apical part of femur reddish; with dense silver grey pollinosity; fore femur with 1 pd row, 1 pv row and a elongated v; fore tibia with 1 developed pv; mid femur with 1 submedian pd; mid tibia with 1 pv, 1 preapical d; hind femur with 1 v row on basal half, 1 complete ad row; hind tibia with 1 preapical d and 1 submedian v; first hind tarsomere distinctly swollen (Figs 1 E; 30 C), with close-set elongated setulae at postoventral margins, shorter than the summed length of other tarsomeres; tarsi shorter than tibia; claws and pulvilli small. Abdomen: Ground color black, oval, with grey pollinosity; tergites 3 and 4 dusted with large triangular lateral brown patches on sides, tergite 5 with pair of small brown patches on both anterior and posterior margins (Fig. 14 E). Female. Body length 7.0��� 7.4 mm. General characters as in male but differing from male in: frons about 0.31��� 0.33 times of head-width at median part; face and gena with golden pollinosity; thorax entirely with brown pollinosity; apex of wing without cloud; first hind tarsomere not swollen (Fig. 16 A); abdomen with yellowish brown pollinosity throughout, tergite 5 with smaller patches. Remarks. According to Pont (1977), L. flavicornis was only recorded in Taiwan, China before. The specimen studied in this paper was collected on a salt pan in Nan���ao Island, Guangdong, China, at a similar latitude of Taiwan. Species from this group breed on salty mud rather than temperate habitats where some other speciesgroups, such as L. tentaculata group, multiply. This species is the most brightly colorful one in the group due to its orange postpedicel and golden frontal triangle in both sexes (in Fig. 16 the female���s postpedicel lost some orange pollinosity). Among 15 males, ten specimens are spotted in cell r 2 + 3 and 5 are not spotted, while none female is spotted. Distribution. China (Guangdong, Taiwan), Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka., Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Ge, Ying-Qiang, Li, Xin-Yu, Liu, Xian-Hui, Zhang, Ming & Wang, Rong-Rong, 2016, Review of the Lispe caesia - group (Diptera: Muscidae) from Palaearctic and adjacent regions, with redescriptions and one new synonymy, pp. 43-72 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257886, {"references":["Stein, P. (1909) Neue javanische Anthomyiden. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 52, 205 - 271.","Pont, A. C. (1977) Family Muscidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. 3. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). University of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 507 - 511."]}

Maximal operation pressure, minimal allowed pressure, number of source points have greatest impact on flow and reliability of pipe network. The change of the three design parameters before and after conversion are analyzed. Through the analysis of problems on the artificial gas pipeline network in Changchun City, point out that removing extra loops is the main optimization means. The hydraulic calculations have been made for optimized pipe network, and compares the flow capacity and hydraulic condition of the pipe network before and after conversion.

Purpose To compare the analgesic effect of preoperative ropivacaine with or without tramadol for femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods 14 men and 46 women aged 59 to 80 years who were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II and were scheduled for TKA were randomised to receive preoperative femoral nerve block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine plus tramadol 0 mg (n=15), 50 mg (n=15), or 100 mg (n=15), or no preoperative femoral nerve block (control) [n=15]. Femoral nerve block was performed by a single anaesthesiologist before the standardised combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. Postoperatively, patient-controlled analgesia was given. The visual analogue score (VAS) for pain at rest and on movement was recorded at 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Passive knee range of motion (ROM) was measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Results The 4 groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, weight, ASA grade, and operating time. Compared with patients who received no femoral nerve block or ropivacaine alone, those who received femoral nerve block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine plus tramadol 50 mg or 100 mg recorded a lower VAS for pain at rest and on movement at 8 to 72 hours, longer sensory and motor block time, and lower demand, delivery, and total amount of patient-controlled analgesia. The passive knee ROM at 24 to 72 hours was greater in patients with femoral nerve block than in those without. Conclusion Preoperative femoral nerve block with 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and 100 mg tramadol resulted in the best analgesic effect.

To explore the clinical characteristics, therapeutic measures and risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection in patients after renal transplantation.The clinical data of 176 patients receiving renal allograft transplantation with postoperative infections were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 40 were diagnosed to have pulmonary fungal infection, and their clinical symptoms, signs, radiographic findings, pathogenic bacterial culture, histopathological examination, and treatments were analyzed.The 40 recipients with postoperative pulmonary fungal infection included 25 male and 15 female patients with a mean age of 49 years. Twenty-eight of the patients developed pulmonary fungal infection within 6 months after transplantation. Positive pathogen cultivation was reported in 19 cases, and Candida albicans was detected in 11 cases, Candida krusei in 2 cases, Candida glabrata in 3 cases, Candida tropicalis in 1 case, aspergillosis in 1 case, and Candida mycoderma in 1 case. Twenty-four of out of the 40 cases were found to have co-infection. All the patients received antifungal drugs and adjuvant treatments, and 38 patients were cured and 2 died.Pulmonary fungal infection often occurs within 6 months after renal transplantation. The most common fungal pathogen is Candida albicans, and the patients often had coinfections. Early diagnosis and timely intervention with antifungal drugs and comprehensive measures are critical in the management of pulmonary fungal infection following renal transplantation.

To investigate the value of evaluating 5 platelet parameters in predicting delayed graft function (DGF) in patients following kidney transplantation.We retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postoperative (within 2 months) data of 330 renal transplant recipients. The cases with DGF and those without were analyzed to assess the association between relationship between DGF following transplantation and the variations of blood platelet parameters including platelet count (PLT), large platelet ratio (P-LCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet volume distribution width (PDW) and platelet hematocrit (PCT).The DGF and non-DGF cases were comparable for the platelet parameters before the operation. On postoperative day 7 when the diagnosis of DGF was made, PLT (P0.05) and PCT (P0.02) were significantly lower while MPV (P0.01), PDW (P=0.036) and P-LCR (P=0.01) significantly higher in DGF group than in non-DGF group. The AUCs of P-LCR (0.611±0.047), PDW (0.603±0.048) and MPV (0.762±0.037) were significantly higher than the reference area (P0.05) with cut-off values of 34.80%, 12.95fl and 11.55fl, respectively. MPV showed a high sensitivity, specificity and Youden index for predicting DFG; PDW and P-LCR had a high sensitivity but a low specificity for predicting DFG with a modest diagnostic value. PLT and PCT, with AUCs of were 0.37 and 0.38, respectively, did not have a predictive value for DGF.Significant variations in platelet parameters occur in the event of DGF in renal transplant recipients, and monitoring the postoperative changes in MPV, PDW, and P-LCR can help in early diagnosis and treatment of DGF. MPV has a moderate value (0.7-0.9) in predicting DGF, and a MPV11.55 fl suggests the risk of DGF.

Fiber optic tweezer is an effective method in biomedical applications that can be used to operate the objective in a microscale.It employs the moment changes when the photon passes through a small particle to generate a weak force on the particle.So the accurate control of the focus is the most important thing for the application of the tweezer.However,the tweezer is usually used in liquid environment.So the focus location measurement becomes extremely important and this cannot be easily obtained through the common CCD technology.In order to solve this problem,the Patch Clamp technology is employed,which has been successfully used in the electrophysiology field.In this technique,a micro pipette filled with the extracellular solution bearing a mega Ohm resistance,can give rise to a microampere current measuring accuracy.Based on the optical characteristics of the pure water and the FTIR result proves that the optical characteristics extracellular solution are quite close to pure water,845 nm and 980 nm wavelength are chosen as the operating wavelength.The photothermal effect is generated by the solution absorbed the optical energy,and this effect can also cause the microampere current changes according to the Ohm′s law.In the experiment,the common communication fiber SMF28 is employed to fabricate a fiber-optic tweezer,and the light passes through the tweezer and incident to the solution.Following the scattering and absorption effect,the photothermal effect dominates the region of stimulation.When the micropipette filling with the solution is irradiated by the tweezer,the resistance of the micropipette will change determined by the temperature effect.Based on the scale of the micropipette,say 1 micro meter or so,the spot of the tweezer output can be measured through the micropipette movement under a precision control by a three-dimensional controller.In this way,a fine variable of the focus of the tweezer can be obtained when the wavelength switched.

The protonation process of two DTPA bis(amide) derivatives, DTPA-BDMA and DTPA-BDEA, was studied by using H-1 NMR titration and MOPAC calculation. Their protonation process was proposed in the order of the central amine, the terminal amines, the central carboxyl, the terminal carboxyl, the other terminal carboxyl and central amine. During the protonation of the terminal amine, there existed a large fraction of proton transfer from the central amine to the other terminal amine.

In the petroleum industry, knowledge of phase behavior is essential to solve many problems, such as the design of the catalytic cracking of heavy oil. The catalyst tends to lose activity as a result of the formation of the solid phase, so the calculation of multiphase behavior of systems containing solid phases will serve to solve the problem. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is widely employed to evaluate multiphase behavior, but cubic equations of state are incapable of calculating the properties of solid phases and thus cannot evaluate the multiphase behavior of systems containing solid phases. In this research, a new technique for describing the solid phase has been developed. The multiphase behavior of propane binaries with ployaromatic hydrocarbons was then explored. To evaluate the critical end point, which is difficult to calculate, an algorithm combining the method of Heidemann and Khalil (AIChE J. 1980, 26, 769-780) to compute the critical point and the tangent-plane criterion was developed previously (Yang et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 6877-6881). Setting the initial guesses with the values at the obtained critical end points, the three-phase loci were then computed successfully. The calculation results show that the three-phase loci terminate at a lower critical end point (LCEP), which is wrong according to the experimental data. To correct this mistake, the newly developed technique was employed, and the quadruple points where the three-phase loci really end were evaluated successfully.

Oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to renal tubular atrophy and fibrosis following renal transplantation. Studies have shown that mitochondrial chaperone prohibitin (PHB) has antioxidant effects. Here we used the human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line, HK-2 cells as an in vitro model to assess the role of PHB in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced renal tubular oxidative injury. Our results showed that H2O2 treatment inhibited PHB expression in a time-dependent manner in HK-2 cells. PHB overexpression could protect cell from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting H2O2-induced cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS generation and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced cell injury was suppressed in PHB-overexpressed tubule epithelial cells through mitochondria-mediated pathway, including inhibition of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 or UCP2 and Bax expression, mitochondrial ROS production, promotion of ATP production and Bcl-2 expression, inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential loss and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and followed by caspase-3 activation. Meanwhile, inhibition of PHB expression by small interference RNA resulted in less resistance of HK-2 cells to H2O2 toxicity as shown in decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data indicated that PHB protected the tubule epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced damage through the inhibition of oxidative damage, mitochondria dysfunction, and ultimately inhibition of cell apoptosis, and that increasing PHB content in mitochondria constituted a new therapeutic target for transient ischemic injury and chronic allograft nephropathy or CAN following renal transplantation.

A numerical analysis of Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow in an axi-symmetric tube with a local constriction simulating a stenosed artery under steady and pulsatile flow conditions was carried out. Based on these results, the concentration fields of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and Albumin were discussed. According to the results, in great details the macromolecule transport influences of wall shear stress, non-Newtonian fluid character and the scale of the molecule etc are given. The results of Newtonian fluid flow and non-Newtonian fluid flow, steady flow and pulsatile flow are compared. These investigations can provide much valuable information about the correlation between the flow properties, the macromolecule transport and the development of atherosclerosis.

Crude oils from different basins in China, Australia and New Zealand were analyzed to character ize aromatic hydrocarbons produced in different environments by means of GC/MS. The distributions of some common compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, ehrysene, pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran were found to be related to sedimentary environments. Especially the relative contents of fluorenes, dibenzofurans and dibenzothiophenes can be used to divide the oils into three types: (1) saline or marine carbonate environment; (2 ) fresh-brackish water lake; (3) swamp and coal-bearing sequence. Aromatic biomarkers (e.g. retene, nor-abietene, derivatives of lupeol and β-amyrin) represent higher plant inputs with respect to the precursors of crude oils. High contents of sulphur-containing compounds like benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene series indicate a reducing sulphur-abundant diagenetic condition. The benzohopane series (C32–C35) was identified both in hypersaline and coal-bearing basins, and it is postulated to be the result of strong bacteria activity. In all the samples, a complete series of alkyl benzenes was analyzed. The similarity of its carbon-number distribution with that of n-alkanes probably suggests their genetic relationship. The distribution of the methylphenanthrene series reflects the evolution degree of crude oils, MPI holding a positive correlation with C29-sterane 20S/(20S+20R).

To investigate the risk factors for sensitization of anti-MICA antibodies and their impact on the outcomes of renal transplantation.Luminex flow cytometry were used to identify 10 MICA antibodies and evaluate the antibody specificity in 98 uremic patients positive or negative for anti-MICA antibodies undergoing kidney transplantation. The factors contributing to MICA sensitization were analyzed, and the incidence of acute rejection and graft function recovery time were compared between the positive and negative cases for anti-MICA antibodies.Of the 98 uremic patients, 16 (16.3%) were positive for anti-MICA antibodies. The positive and negative cases showed significant differences in the history of blood transfusion, pregnancy, transplantation, and PRA status (P0.05). In the 38 renal transplant recipients, 6 experienced acute graft rejection, which was reversed by methylprednisolone pulse therapy; of the 10 recipients positive for anti-MICA antibodies, 4 showed acute graft rejection as compared to 2 out of the 28 recipients negative for anti-MICA antibodies (P=0.031). The cases positive for anti-MICA antibodies showed a significantly longer graft function recovery time than the negative cases (14.6∓4.7 vs 8.2∓4.5 days, P=0.001).Blood transfusion, pregnancy, and transplantation all contribute to the production of anti-MICA antibodies. Patients positive for anti-MICA antibodies may require strict HLA matching and more potent immunosuppressive drugs to prevent renal graft rejection and improve graft survival.

Assuming the lightest neutralino solely composes the cosmic dark matter, we examine the constraints of the CDMS-II and XENON100 dark matter direct searches on the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs sector. We find that the current CDMS-II/XENON100 limits can exclude some of the parameter space which survive the constraints from the dark matter relic density and various collider experiments. We also find that in the currently allowed parameter space, the charged Higgs boson is hardly accessible at the LHC for an integrated luminosity of 30 fb(-1), while the neutral non-SM (standard model) Higgs bosons (H, A) may be accessible in some allowed region characterized by a large mu. The future XENON100 (6000 kg-days exposure) will significantly tighten the parameter space in case of nonobservation of dark matter.

To summarize the features of pulmonary infection (PI) in kidney transplant (Ktx) and liver transplant (Ltx) recipients for effective control measures.A retrospective analysis was conducted among Ktx recipients and Ltx recipients with PI during the period from Jan 2004 to Dec 2008. The clinical data concerning the infection was compared.Forty-five Ktx recipients and 23 Ltx recipients developed PI after the transplantation. The incidence of PI was 7.4% and 56.1% in (P0.001), respectively, with severe PI occurring in 2.6% and 46.3% of the recipients (P0.001). The median time from PI diagnosis to transplant was 230 days (29-1080 days) and 4 days (2-104 days) (P0.001), the case-fatality rate for PI was 6.7% and 17.4% (P=NS), and the mortality rate was 0.5% and 9.8% (P0.001) in Ktx and Ltx recipients, respectively; Gram-negative organisms were the most common in both Ktx and Ltx recipients, but Ltx recipients had significantly higher incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (12.9% vs 37.0%, P=0.005).The knowledge of PI after the transplantation will benefit appropriate prophylactic and empirical treatment to improve the survival of Ktx and Ltx recipients.

To summarize the experiences in high-risk renal transplant recipients for ketter long-term survival.From April 1991 to December 2008, a total of 921 kidney recipients with high-risk factors were divided into six groups as following: (1) pediatric patients (18 years old) (GI, n = 34); (2) retransplant recipients (GII, n = 169); (3) high sensitized patients (PRA30% or peak PRA50%)(GIII, n = 35); (4) elderly recipients (60 years old) (GIV, n = 297); (5) diabetic patients (GV, n = 112); (6) patients with HBV/HCV infection or HBV/HCV carrier (GVI, n = 274). Each group was compared to a control of 807 recipients without any above risk factor for patient and graft survival at 1, 3 and 5 years. Incidences of acute rejection (AR), chronic rejection (CR) and complication were analyzed and compared respectively between the studied subjects and the control group as well.Compared with the control group, patient/graft survivals were lower in GII, GIII and GVI (all P0.05), GIV had worse patient survival (P0.05); AR and CR incidences were greater in GI and GIII (all P0.05); GIV, GV and GVI had more complications.This study suggests the benefits for long-term outcome in high-immunological risk renal transplant recipients of low acute selection incidence rate, and reduction of complication incidences is the key to long term results for non-immunological high risk recipients.

We assessed the potential eco-toxicological risks of the herbicide acetochlor on fungal communities in the microcosm of black soil using 28S rRNA gene-PCR-DGGE and clone library analysis. The acetochlor was applied to black soil at four concentrations (0-control, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg). The DGGE fingerprint patterns indicated that acetochlor stimulated fungal communities at day 7 after application, after which there was a suppression effect. The fungal communities in acetochlor-treated soil gradually became more like that of the control during the 60-day experimental period. Diversity indices in the 50 and 150 mg/kg acetochlor treatments changed more rapidly than in the 250 mg/kg acetochlor treatment. The cluster analysis indicated a significant change in fungal community structure after application of acetochlor. The impacts were markedly greater in the 150 and 250 mg/kg acetochlor treatments compared with the 50 mg/kg acetochlor treatment. Sequencing of clones showed that acetochlor application resulted in an increase in pathogenic and non-cultivatable fungal populations, which could increase the risk of plant disease outbreaks.

To explore the effect of KIR/HLA ligand matching which mediates activated or inhibitory signal pathways on acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation.HLA and KIR genotype assortments were analyzed in 53 donor/recipient pairs of kidney transplantation. The recipients were divided into AR group (GI, n=19) and stable renal function group (GII, n=34) based on the early graft function. The impact of donor HLA, recipient KIR and distinct KIR/HLA class I ligand combinations on acute rejection after kidney transplantation was studied.No significant differences were found in donor HLA-C1/2, HLA-A3, HLA-A11, or HLA-Bw4 between GI and GII groups. The frequency for KIR2DL2/2DS2 and KIR genotype assortment (AA) of the recipients in GI group were significantly lower than that in GII group (26.3% vs 55.9%, P=0.038; 31.6% vs 67.6%, P=0.011). The incidence of AR was significantly lower in donor HLA-C1/1 than in non-C1/1 (31.6% vs 46.7%, P0.05), and lower in recipient KIR genotype assortment (AA) than in non-AA (20.7% vs 52.2%, P=0.011). A significant higher number of matches for the KIR2DL2/ HLA-C1 and KIR2DL3/HLA-C1 were observed in GII group (P=0.030, P=0.028).Distinct KIR/HLA class I ligand combinations between the donor and recipient (such as KIR2DL2/ HLA-C1 and KIR2DL3/HLA-C1) may reduce the incidence of AR. A good KIR/HLA class I ligand matching will benefit the survival of the renal allograft.

To review the clinical experiences concerning simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure.This study involved 8 cases of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure. There were 5 male and 3 female patients, aged from 41 to 67 years old with a mean of 52.8 years old. Six cases transplanted kidney after liver with orthotopic liver transplantation, and 2 cases transplanted liver after kidney with piggy-back liver transplantation. The acute rejections, complications, liver function, kidney functions, and survival rates of patient/liver/kidney were recorded.Within the follow-up of 28 to 65 months, all 8 patients are still alive with normal liver and kidney functions: 2 living more than 5 years, 2 living more than 4 years and 4 living more than 2 years. 2 cases of pleural effusion and 1 case of pneumonia were complications after operation, which had been cured successfully. No acute rejection of allograft was observed.Simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation is a safe and effective treatment for polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure.

To study the relationship between expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and osteopontin (OPN) in occult metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.Forty-six patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from January 2006 to October 2007 were selected. There were 28 males and 18 females, aged from 33 to 77 years old. The levels of lung tissues Gal-3 and OPN were detected by RT-PCR, and the levels of blood plasma's were measured by ELISA.There were 12 patients who had metastasized. In un-metastasis group the Gal-3 and OPN mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than that in metastasis group: mean value were 0.07 +/- 0.17 and 0.17 +/- 0.25 in un-metastasis group, while 0.73 +/- 0.23 and 0.79 +/- 0.24 in metastasis group. Blood plasma levels of Gal-3 (18.8 +/- 7.9) microg/L and OPN (153.5 +/- 63.5) microg/L in NSCLC which were detected from metastasis group were higher than un-metastasis group of (9.2 +/- 5.6) microg/L and (89.2 +/- 24.0) microg/L.High serum levels of Gal-3 and OPN and high expression of Gal-3 and OPN mRNA in NSCLC are closely related to the occurrence and metastasis of NSCLC. They may be indexes of evaluating the occult metastasis in NSCLC.

Oxidative stress has been considered as the possible mechanism of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. L-carnitine is an endogenous mitochondrial membrane compound and could effectively protect ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney. To elucidate the nephroprotective effects of L-carnitine, here we assessed the effect of L-carnitine on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-mediated oxidative stress in the human proximal tubule epithelial cell line, HK-2 cells. The results showed that pretreatment with L-carnitine 12h inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced cell viability loss, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. Also L-carnitine promoted endogenous antioxidant defense components including total antioxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. In parallel, cell apoptosis triggered by H(2)O(2) characterized with the DNA fragment and caspase-3 activity were also inhibited by L-carnitine. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with cell apoptosis including membrane potential loss, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c were abrogated in the presence of L-carnitine. These results suggested that L-carnitine could protect HK-2 cells from H(2)O(2)-induced injury through the inhibition of oxidative damage, mitochondria dysfunction and ultimately inhibition of cell apoptosis, which indicates that L-carnitine may be a promising approach for the treatment of oxidative stress in renal diseases.

Pulmonary infection after renal transplantation is a well recognized and prevalent postoperative complication, which can occur at either the early stage or late stage after transplantation. The etiology and this phenomenon and its impacts remains unclear. It may be life-threatening in severe patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are important; meanwhile, the dosage of immunosuppressant should be minimized. Prophylactic management should also be emphasized.

To compare the clinical effects and graft outcomes of 4 surgical approaches for nephrectomy in living related kidney donors.Between June, 2004 and June, 2007, 119 living related kidney donors underwent nephrectomy via different surgical approaches, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of these donors, 22 received retroperitoneal open nephrectomy, 21 had retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, 13 had hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy, and 63 underwent transperitoneal open nephrectomy. The operating time, warm ischemia time of the graft, renal graft artery and vein lengths, reduction rate of recipient serum creatinine in the first 3 days after renal transplantation, mean hospital stay and complications of the donors were compared between the 4 surgical approaches.Open surgeries were associated with significantly shorter operating time (P=0.0033) and warm ischemia time of the graft (P=0.0001), longer hospital stay (P=0.0000), higher hospital expenses (P=0.0000), faster postoperative reduction of recipient serum creatinine (P=0.0001), and longer renal artery and vein lengths (P=0.0000 on the left and P=0.0001 on the right) than laparoscopic surgeries. In the laparoscopic surgery group, subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 1 case, DGF in 2 cases, and lumbar vein hemorrhage in 2 cases for which open surgery was performed. In the open surgery group, only one case required reoperation due to adrenal gland hemorrhage. All the kidney grafts were successfully harvested without other complications observed in the donors.Both open and laparoscopic surgeries are safe for nephrectomy in living related kidney donors, and the selection of the surgical approaches depends on the kidney and donor conditions and the surgical proficiency of the surgeons.

To study the changes in Notch1 expression on peripheral lymphocytes after acute graft rejection after renal transplantation.Twenty renal transplant recipients experiencing acute graft rejection and 20 without acute rejection were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Notch1 on peripheral lymphocytes of the patients before operation, at the occurrence of acute rejection and after anti-rejection therapy. The rates of Notch1-positive lymphocytes measured at different time points were compared between the two groups.In patients with acute graft rejection, Notch1 expression at the time of rejection onset was significantly higher than that before operation (t=4.245, P=0.000) and that of patients with graft rejection (t=3.839, P=0.000), and was obviously decreased after anti-rejection therapy (t=3.102, P=0.004). Patients without graft rejection showed no significant changes in Notch1 expression after the transplantation (P=0.409). Notch1 expression was comparable between the recipients receiving Tac therapy and those with CsA therapy (P0.05).Monitoring Notch1 expression on the peripheral lymphocytes after renal transplantation may help in the diagnosis of acute graft rejection and prediction of the effect of an anti-rejection therapy.