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In recent years, the incidence of heart disease has increased and patients are younger. Cardiac rehabilitation training has been proposed to improve the prognosis of patients with heart disease. Cardiac rehabilitation includes moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). These two training methods have different effects in improving the prognosis of patients. The aim of the present study was to improve reference for patients with cardiac rehabilitation.English databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched from the establishment of the database to April 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation training at different intensities. RevMan 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis.A total of 8 articles (with a total of 465 patients) were included, including 236 patients in the experimental group and 229 patients in the control group. Different intensities of training had statistically significant differences in peak oxygen uptake [mean difference (MD): 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.66 to 3.07, P=0.20] and the left ventricular ejection fraction difference (MD: 2.53, 95% CI: -2.10 to 7.17, P=0.28).Cardiac rehabilitation training can effectively improve the patient's cardiac function indicators and self-care ability, and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, large-sample, multicenter, and long-term RCTs are needed to strengthen the findings of the study.

We study the D-optimal Data Fusion (DDF) problem, which aims to select new data points, given an existing Fisher information matrix, so as to maximize the logarithm of the determinant of the overall Fisher information matrix. We show that the DDF problem is NP-hard and has no constant-factor polynomial-time approximation algorithm unless P $=$ NP. Therefore, to solve the DDF problem effectively, we propose two convex integer-programming formulations and investigate their corresponding complementary and Lagrangian-dual problems. We also develop scalable randomized-sampling and local-search algorithms with provable performance guarantees. Leveraging the concavity of the objective functions in the two proposed formulations, we design an exact algorithm, aimed at solving the DDF problem to optimality. We further derive a family of submodular valid inequalities and optimality cuts, which can significantly enhance the algorithm performance. Finally, we test our algorithms using real-world data on the new phasor-measurement-units placement problem for modern power grids, considering the existing conventional sensors. Our numerical study demonstrates the efficiency of our exact algorithm and the scalability and high-quality outputs of our approximation algorithms.

In the rank-constrained optimization problem (RCOP), it minimizes a linear objective function over a prespecified closed rank-constrained domain set and $m$ generic two-sided linear matrix inequalities. Motivated by the Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition, a popular approach of solving many nonconvex optimization problems, we investigate the strength of DW relaxation (DWR) of the RCOP, which admits the same formulation as RCOP except replacing the domain set by its closed convex hull. Notably, our goal is to characterize conditions under which the DWR matches RCOP for any m two-sided linear matrix inequalities. From the primal perspective, we develop the first-known simultaneously necessary and sufficient conditions that achieve: (i) extreme point exactness -- all the extreme points of the DWR feasible set belong to that of the RCOP; (ii) convex hull exactness -- the DWR feasible set is identical to the closed convex hull of RCOP feasible set; and (iii) objective exactness -- the optimal values of the DWR and RCOP coincide. The proposed conditions unify, refine, and extend the existing exactness results in the quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) and fair unsupervised learning. These conditions can be very useful to identify new results, including the extreme point exactness for a QCQP problem that admits an inhomogeneous objective function with two homogeneous two-sided quadratic constraints and the convex hull exactness for fair SVD.

This study aimed to investigate the material composition and transformation during composting of different kinds of livestock and poultry manures. Fresh cow manure (R1), pig manure (R2), and chicken manure (R3) were used as raw materials, and 10% corn stalk was selected as the leavening agent for aerobic static composting. The following results were obtained. After 30 days of aerobic composting, the mass reduction index of the R1, R2, and R3 piles was 48.94%, 47.94%, and 52.94%, respectively. Especially in the first stage (0–10 days) of the composting reaction, the mass reduction indices of the R1, R2, and R3 piles were significant, which were 21.45%, 22.73%, and 23.73%, respectively. During the composting process, the percentage of dissolved organic carbon in TC showed a downward trend, decreasing to 51.33% ± 1.25%, 57.35% ± 3.21%, and 52.34% ± 2.15%, for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The percentage of ammonia nitrogen (AN) in total nitrogen (TN) in the piles R1, R2, and R3 first showed an increasing trend and then decreased, showing the highest values of 7.38%, 8.11%, and 9.22%, respectively.

Truncated singular value decomposition (SVD), also known as the best low-rank matrix approximation, has been successfully applied to many domains such as biology, healthcare, and others, where high-dimensional datasets are prevalent. To enhance the interpretability of the truncated SVD, sparse SVD (SSVD) is introduced to select a few rows and columns of the original matrix along with the low rank approximation. Different from the literature, this paper presents a novel SSVD formulation that can select the best submatrix precisely up to a given size to maximize its truncated Ky Fan norm. The fact that the SSVD problem is NP-hard motivates us to study effective algorithms with provable performance guarantees. To do so, we first reformulate SSVD as a mixed-integer semidefinite program, which can be solved exactly for small- or medium-sized instances by a customized branch and cut algorithm with closed-form cuts, and is extremely useful to evaluate the quality of approximation algorithms. We next develop three selection algorithms based on different selection criteria and two searching algorithms -- greedy and local search. We prove the approximation ratios for all the approximation algorithms and show that all the ratios are tight, i.e., we demonstrate that these approximation ratios are unimprovable. Finally, our numerical study demonstrates the high solution quality and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

Binocular stereo vision technology has been widely used in target detection, unmanned driving and other aspects due to its advantages of low cost and wide range of application. It is a research hotspot in the field of computer vision. Binocular stereo vision is mainly to obtain 3D depth information of the scene by analyzing two or more views of the scene. Stereo matching is the core part of the scene, and the performance of the matching algorithm directly affects the effect of 3D reconstruction. This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the local stereo matching algorithm, global stereo matching algorithm and semi-global stereo matching algorithm by studying stereo matching algorithms at home and abroad, expounds the characteristics and performance of various matching algorithms, and makes a comparative analysis of various algorithms.

BackgroundProbiotic VSL#3 is used to treat ulcerative colitis. This study examines the effect of VSL#3 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that has liver carcinogenic potential.MethodsWestern diet (WD)-fed wild-type (WT) mice that do not have hepatic inflammation with lymphocyte infiltration and carcinogenic potential were used for baseline comparison. Age-, sex-, and diet-matched bile acid (BA) receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout (KO) mice, which developed severe NASH and had the potential for liver cancer development, were supplemented with and without VSL#3 for 7 months. All the mice were euthanized when they were 10 months old.ResultsSupplementation with VSL#3 completely abolished hepatic lymphocyte infiltration, reduced hepatic fat content, and improved insulin sensitivity in WD-fed FXR KO mice. In addition, VSL#3 normalized dysregulated BA homoeostasis by inhibiting the classical BA synthesis pathway, inducing the alternative BA pathway, and activating ileal G-protein coupled BA receptor 1 (GPBAR1)-regulated signaling. Moreover, VSL#3 reconstructed the gut microbiota by reducing Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Helicobacteraceae as well as increasing Lachnospiraceae. Further, VSL#3 enriched the abundance of Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium, which generate butyrate, at the genus level. It also increased the copy number of the butyrate-producing genes bcoA and buk, suggesting their anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects.ConclusionsVSL#3 is useful in reversing NASH that occurred due to dysregulated BA synthesis and dysbiosis, suggesting its potential in liver cancer prevention.

Canthin-6-one, one of the main alkaloid compounds extracted from Ailanthus altissima, has recently attracted increasing interest for its antifungal activity. To evaluate the potential of canthin-6-one in controlling plant fungal diseases, we investigated the antifungal activity of canthin-6-one isolated from A. altissima against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc) in vitro. The mycelial growth rate and micro-broth dilution were used to test antifungal activity. Furthermore, label-free quantitative proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) techniques were applied to analyze the antifungal mechanism. It was found that canthin-6-one significantly inhibited the growth of Foc, and had higher inhibitory action than chlorothalonil at the same concentration. Proteomic analysis showed that the expression of 203 proteins altered significantly after canthin-6-one treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism pathways. These results suggest that canthin-6-one significantly interferes with the metabolism of amino acids. Therefore, it affects nitrogen nutrients and disturbs the normal physiological processes of fungi, and ultimately leads to the death of pathogens. This study provides a natural plant antifungal agent and a new perspective for the study of antifungal mechanisms.

Improving acoustic signal quality and decreasing noise is very necessary due to the complexity and diversity of indoor acoustic environments. In this paper we adopted the image source method (ISM) to realize a new model for simulating indoor fixed-point acoustics, the active noise control (ANC) system based on filtered-x least mean-squared (FxLMS) algorithm is utilized to synthesize a canceling noise using a secondary loudspeaker. The quiet areas are used to describe the changes in the distribution of quiet points based on Delaunay triangulation. Experimental results demonstrate that the acoustic signal distribution can be obtained by simulating the noise propagation in an indoor environment.

Objective: The aim of this work was to select the best elements from previous scoring systems to restructure efficient predictive models for surgery type. Methods: Sixteen elements were selected from 7 systems (RENAL, PADUA, DAP, ZS, NephRO, ABC, and CI). They were divided into 6 categories (tumor max. size, exophytic/endophytic, correlation with collecting system or sinus, tumor location, contact situation with the parenchyma, invasion depth). Three elements, selected from 3 different categories, were integrated to establish a total of 320 new models. According to AUC rank, optimized models were developed, and these models were divided into 3 sections. An analysis of the distribution of the 6 categories was made to explore the predictive capacities of the models. Results: A total of 166 consecutive patients were included. Seventy-five patients underwent radical nephrectomy operations. The AUC of the 7 systems ranged from 0.81 to 0.844. Three optimized models (AUC 0.88) were developed to predict surgery type. These optimized models were composed of DAP (D), PADUA, (sinus), and ABC; DAP (D), RENAL (N), and ABC; NePhRO (O), PADUA (UCS), and ABC. Two categories (“exophytic/endophytic,” p < 0.001; “correlation with collecting system or sinus,” p = 0.001) were nonuniformly distributed. Conclusions: Seven systems held good predictive power for surgery type. Three optimized models were developed. “Correlation with collecting system or sinus” is a critical factor for predicting surgery type.

Phyllostachys praecox is a favorable bamboo species for the production of edible shoots,and has been widely planted in southern China.Intensive management practices such as regular high rate of fertilization and annual heavy winter mulch in the stands established more than 5 years,has been employed by many bamboo growers to improve yields.However,these practices may have adverse effects on the ecosystem.Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) has been found in various habitats and played a key role in soil nitrification.There is no published information available on the impact of long-term intensive land management practices on the population size and community structure of soil AOA in Phyllostachys praecox stands.In this study,the abundance and composition of soil AOA communities across a long-term chronosequence under intensive managed Phyllostachys praecox stands were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),cloning and sequencing approaches based on amoA genes.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was also used to determine the environmental variables which are significantly correlated with community structure. Treatments in this study were based on the cultivation history which corresponded to 4,7,9,11 and 15 years after establishment of bamboo stands.Paddy fields with similar topography were used as the control.Each cultivation history had three replications.The archaeal amoA gene copy numbers ranged from 1.79×107 to 3.93×107 per gram of dry soil,and changed greatly in response to the long-term intensive management.The 4-year-old treatment had the highest copy numbers of amoA genes,whereas the lowest copy numbers were recorded in the 9-year-old treatment.Ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) in all the corresponding treatments though they were of the same order of magnitude.There was no significant correlation between AOA abundance and soil nitrification potential.The DGGE patterns revealed that the intensive management resulted in an obvious change of the AOA community,significant change was also observed among the treatments with different intensive management history.Phylogenetic analysis of the amoA gene fragments showed that all AOA sequences from different treatments were associated with uncultured Crenarchaeote.The AOA species that adapt to low pH soils dominated in the 7-,9-,11-and 15-year-old treatments while species associated with paddy soil and sediment soil clone dominated in the control and 4-year-old treatment,indicating a pronounced difference in the community composition of AOA in response to the long-term intensive management.Canonical correspondence analysis exhibited a significant difference in microbial community structures between the treatments before and after intensive management application.The 11-and 15-year-old treatments were clustered together,and clearly separated from the 7-and 9-year-old treatments along both the first and second ordination axes.Concentrations of soil NO-3-N,NH+4-N and available phosphorus,and soil pH together explained 62.2% of the total variation of soil AOA community.The first ordination axis explained 33.9% of the variation and the second axis explained 25.8% of the variation.Among the four soil parameters measured,soil NO-3-N concentration explained most of the variation of AOA community,but the influence was not significant(P0.05).The results suggest that long-term intensive management had a significant impact on AOA abundance and composition,and the soil acidification and nutrient accumulation should be important factors influencing the shift of AOA community in the intensively managed P.praecox stands.

Juche, the political philosophy instituted by Kim Il-sung, is a guiding ideology for North Korea and its party. It also serves as the foundation upon which principles, guidelines, and policies are developed for North Korea’s socialist revolution. With changes in North Korean domestic conditions and it international situation, Kim Jong-il inherited and further developed the Juche idea, proposing the Songun (Military First) policy as North Korea’s ruling ideology and governing practice. After Kim Jong-un took office, he proposed Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism as the guiding idea for the party. The guiding principles proposed by three generations of North Korean supreme leaders ideologically guide the country’s political, economic, cultural, and military affairs. They are fundamental ideas on which the study of North Korean policies and national strategies should be based. A study of the origin, core value, and impacts of North Korean guiding ideologies will help us better understand the country and grasp the Sino-North Korea relationship.

We have made a third generation of laser satellite ranging system in China which has been operated for three years. The light source is a high power ultra-short pulse solid-state laser. This ranging system has an accuracy about 5 cm.

Successful range measuring the satellite LAGEOS have been made at Shanghai of China using the high power frequency-doubled short-pulse laser system. The laser system has 10 pulse per second, 120 picosecond pulse duration and 100 millijoules green light. The picosecond laser satellite ranging system has an accuracy of 5cm.