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This research generally aimed to describe the characteristic of the ability of Pre-service and In-service TPE participants using the Item Response Theory, IRT. The research subject comprised 516 participants divided into 239 participants of the Pre-service TPE program and 277 participants of the In-service TPE program using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the technique of observation and documentation. In estimating the item parameter and ability parameter, the IRT model polytomous was implemented, which was furthermore described. This finding shows that the assessor could directly recognize the position of the ability of students in the TPE program based on the item characteristic and the ability between the highest and the lowest grade in the ability scale, so this finding did not only support the implementation of TPE program in Indonesia, but also its applicability was expected to revise the assessment of teachers’ performance, the supervision of teachers, field teaching practice, and the assessment in the other teaching fields, so it could be used as an evaluation in revising the assessment model.

This study aims to prove the construct validity of the lesson plan assessment instrument in primary schools. In addition, the purpose of this study is to estimate the reliability of lesson plan instruments in primary schools. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach that is carried out on professional teacher education students at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta and Universitas Islam Negeri Makassar. The subjects of this study were 516 randomly selected students. Data collection is done through documentation of the results of assessments from the field supervisor of each student. The data analysis technique used is confirmatory factor analysis and composites score reliability. The results showed that the lesson plan assessment instrument was measured by 25 items spread over 4 indicators. All items in the lesson plan assessment instrument indicators are construct valid after being tested through confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the lesson plan assessment instrument in this study was reliable and had a fairly high construct reliability coefficient of 0.92.

The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of school exam questions based on the 1-parameter model, 2-parameters model, and 3-parameters model of the elementary school examination in Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The sample of this study was 237 sheets of elementary school participants' answer sheets. The data of this study were collected using documentation collection techniques. Based on the 1-parameter model, in the aspect of difficulty level, as much as 80% of elementary school exam items are in the good category, and 20% are in the bad category. Then on the 2-parameter model, on the aspect of item discrimination, as much as 55% of elementary school exam items are in the good category, and 45% are in the bad category. Finally, in the 3-parameter model, in the aspect of the guessing factor as much as 25% the items of the elementary school exam are in the good category, and 75% are in the bad category.

Teachers’ performance is one of crucial topics in education and become a global problem in improving the quality of education in many countries, including the performance of Islamic Education teachers. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate Islamic Education teachers’ performance at SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas/Senior High School) in Gorontalo Province. The method used in this research consisted of an evaluation research with countenance stake model. The samples were 66 Islamic Education teachers taken by purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained through observation, interview, and document study. The finding of this research shows that the Islamic Education teachers’ performance in learning planning is good. Teachers are able to design a good learning process, although the ability in selecting methods and strategies, selecting media and learning source and composing the assessment component in evaluating the learning should be improved. Because those three components are still in enough category. The performance of teachers in the implementation of learning is in good category, despite there are still some measured components that should be improved such as by doing elaboration activity, doing assessment process and furthermore program. Therefore, explicitly shows that Islamic Education teachers in Gorontalo Province performance should be evaluated. It aims to the professional development and the carrier improvement as a teacher.

Brinker, Amanda/0000-0003-1134-0572; Weir, Scott/0000-0002-8020-434X WOS:000477702600002 PubMed: 31113837 Pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs were performed to characterize the in vivo performance of a novel prodrug, fosciclopirox. Ciclopirox olamine (CPX-O) is a marketed topical antifungal agent with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo preclinical anticancer activity in several solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. The oral route of administration for CPX-O is not feasible due to low bioavailability and dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicities. To enable parenteral administration, the phosphoryl-oxymethyl ester of ciclopirox (CPX), fosciclopirox (CPX-POM), was synthesized and formulated as an injectable drug product. In rats and dogs, intravenous CPX-POM is rapidly and completely metabolized to its active metabolite, CPX. The bioavailability of the active metabolite is complete following CPX-POM administration. CPX and its inactive metabolite, ciclopirox glucuronide (CPX-G), are excreted in urine, resulting in delivery of drug to the entire urinary tract. The absolute bioavailability of CPX following subcutaneous administration of CPX-POM is excellent in rats and dogs, demonstrating the feasibility of this route of administration. These studies confirmed the oral bioavailability of CPX-O is quite low in rats and dogs compared with intravenous CPX-POM. Given its broad-spectrum anticancer activity in several solid tumor and hematologic cancers and renal elimination, CPX-POM is being developed for the treatment of urothelial cancer. The safety, dose tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of intravenous CPX-POM are currently being characterized in a United States multicenter first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors. National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant [P30 CA168524]; NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTEUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) [P30CA168524, R01CA190291] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER Research reported in this presentation was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant [Grant P30 CA168524] and by a public-private partnership between The Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation at the University of Kansas Medical Center and CicloMed LLC, Kansas City, MO.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) are aggressive pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors driven by EWS-ETS fusion oncogenes, most commonly EWS-FLI1. Treatment of ES patients consists of up to 9 months of alternating courses of 2 chemotherapeutic regimens. Furthermore, EWS-ETS-targeted therapies have yet to demonstrate clinical benefit, thereby emphasizing a clinical responsibility to search for new therapeutic approaches. Our previous in silico drug screening identified entinostat as a drug hit that was predicted to reverse the ES disease signatures and EWS-FLI1-mediated gene signatures. Here, we establish preclinical proof of principle by investigating the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of entinostat in preclinical ES models, as well as characterizing the mechanisms of action and in vivo pharmacokinetics of entinostat. ES cells are preferentially sensitive to entinostat in an EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG-dependent manner. Entinostat induces apoptosis of ES cells through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, DNA damage, homologous recombination (HR) repair impairment, and caspase activation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate for the first time that HDAC3 is a transcriptional target of EWS-FLI1 and that entinostat inhibits growth of ES cells through suppressing a previously unexplored EWS-FLI1/HDAC3/HSP90 signaling axis. Importantly, entinostat significantly reduces tumor burden by 97.4% (89.5 vs. 3397.3 mm3 of vehicle, p

Background: Adult body size is related to ovarian cancer risks, but size in childhood may also influence risks. We investigated if childhood body mass index (kg/m2), height, and growth patterns were associated with ovarian cancer overall and by histologic subtypes, including effects of birthweight. Methods: A cohort of 155,958 girls from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born 1930 to 1989 with measured weights and heights from 7 to 13 years, were included. During follow-up, 1,041 ovarian cancers were recorded. Overweight was defined using International Obesity Task Force criteria. Cox regressions were performed. Results: Compared with non-overweight girls, at most ages girls with overweight had increased risks of ovarian cancer overall (HR range: 1.24–1.34), mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell ovarian cancers, but not serous and other ovarian cancers. Childhood height had positive and significant associations with ovarian cancer overall (HR range: 1.07–1.10 per z-score) and the endometrioid subtype but not with the other subtypes. Adjusting for birthweight minimally altered the associations with childhood body size. In growth analyses, girls with overweight or who were tall at 7 and 13 years had increased risks of ovarian cancer overall compared with average-sized girls at both ages. Conclusions: Ovarian carcinogenesis is linked to childhood overweight, tallness, and growth, with variations across histological subtypes, suggesting that early life plays a role in the origins of this disease. Impact: These findings emphasize that healthy body size and growth during childhood are important as they may contribute to reducing ovarian cancer risks.

The long-lived $^{60}$Fe (with a half-life of 2.62 Myr) is a crucial diagnostic of active nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way galaxy and in supernovae near the solar system. The neutron-capture reaction $^{59}$Fe(n,$��$)$^{60}$Fe on $^{59}$Fe (half-life = 44.5 days) is the key reaction for the production of $^{60}$Fe in massive stars. This reaction cross section has been previously constrained by the Coulomb dissociation experiment, which offered partial constraint on the $E$1 $��$-ray strength function but a negligible constraint on the $M$1 and $E$2 components. In this work, for the first time, we use the surrogate ratio method to experimentally determine the $^{59}$Fe(n,$��$)$^{60}$Fe cross sections in which all the components are included. We derived a Maxwellian-averaged cross section of 27.5 $\pm$ 3.5 mb at $kT$= 30 keV and 13.4 $\pm$ 1.7 mb at $kT$= 90 keV, roughly 10 - 20% higher than previous estimates. We analyzed the impact of our new reaction rates in nucleosynthesis models of massive stars and found that uncertainties in the production of $^{60}$Fe from the $^{59}$Fe(n,$��$)$^{60}$Fe rate are at most of 25%. We conclude that stellar physics uncertainties now play a major role in the accurate evaluation of the stellar production of $^{60}$Fe., 9 pages with 6 figures

Carriers used to solubilize taxane chemotherapy drugs cause severe hypersensitivity. Nanoparticle formulations can provide improved dissolution and bioavailability of taxanes. Thus, a nanoparticulate, excipient-free formulation of paclitaxel (CTI52010) was evaluated in tumour-bearing dogs with intravenous and subcutaneous delivery. Tumour-bearing dogs were treated with intravenous CTI52010 using a modified rapid dose escalation scheme. Subcutaneous administration was then planned for a small cohort of dogs for comparison. For both groups, serial blood samples were collected after first dosing for pharmacokinetic analysis by LCMSMS. Tumour response was measured using RECIST criteria. Toxicity was recorded using VCOG-CTCAEv1.1. Fifteen dogs were treated with intravenous delivery at increasing dosages (80-136 mg/m2 ), with one objective response in the urethral component of a prostatic carcinoma (probable transitional cell carcinoma) and four dogs with durable stable disease (two carcinomas, two sarcomas). Pharmacokinetic data indicate a rapid initial clearing of the drug from serum followed by an extended elimination half-life, similar to normal dogs and suggesting reticuloendothelial clearance. Parameters and toxicity were highly variable and a maximally tolerated dosage could not be reliably confirmed. Three dogs were treated with subcutaneous delivery and no drug was detected in circulation, resulting in termination of the study. This novel formulation of paclitaxel is well tolerated in dogs and no unique toxicity or hypersensitivity was noted. The preliminary responses suggest biologic activity. The lack of systemic absorption after subcutaneous administration suggests a possible role for intratumoural anticancer therapy.

Opioid peptides are key regulators in cellular and intercellular physiological responses, and could be therapeutically useful for modulating several pathological conditions. Unfortunately, the use of peptide-based agonists to target centrally located opioid receptors is limited by poor physicochemical (PC), distribution, metabolic, and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties that restrict penetration across the blood-brain-barrier via passive diffusion. To address these problems, the present manuscript exploits fluorinated peptidomimetics to simultaneously modify PC and DMPK properties, thus facilitating entry into the central nervous system. As an initial example, the present manuscript exploited the Tyr(1)-ψ[(Z)CF=CH]-Gly(2) peptidomimetic to improve PC drug-like characteristics (computational), plasma and microsomal degradation, and systemic and CNS distribution of Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). Thus, the fluoroalkene replacement transformed an instable in vitro tool compound into a stable and centrally-distributed in vivo probe. In contrast, the Tyr(1)-ψ[CF(3)CH(2)–NH]-Gly(2) peptidomimetic decreased stability by accelerating proteolysis at the Gly(3)–Phe(4) position.

Background Studies of birth weight associations with ovarian and endometrial cancer risks are limited with inconsistent results, and none has evaluated associations by histologic subtype. We utilized prospectively collected birth weight information to investigate the association with risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers overall and by histologic subtype. Methods 162,559 girls, born from 1930 to 1989, from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register (CSHRR) were followed prospectively via linkage with the Danish health registers. Ovarian (n=666) and endometrial (n=694) cancers were identified from 1978 to 2014. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Women with lower (2.0–3.25 vs. 3.26–3.75kg) and higher (3.75–5.5 vs. 3.26–3.75kg) birth weights had increased risks of ovarian cancer overall [HR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.06–1.52); 1.51 (1.21–1.87), respectively] and serous ovarian cancers [1.54 (1.19–1.98); 1.98 (1.47–2.67), respectively]. A decreased risk of Type II endometrial tumors was suggested per kilogram increase in birth weight [HR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.40–1.00)]. Conclusions Our results suggest that both lower and higher birth weights were associated with increased ovarian cancer risk and associations were particularly strong for serous ovarian cancer, the most common subtype. Birth weight was not associated with most types of endometrial cancer.

Phenology is a key aspect of plant success. Recent research has demonstrated that herbarium specimens can provide important information on plant phenology. Massive digitization efforts have the potential to greatly expand herbarium-based phenological research, but also pose a serious challenge regarding efficient data collection. Here, we introduce CrowdCurio, a crowdsourcing tool for the collection of phenological data from herbarium specimens. We test its utility by having workers collect phenological data (number of flower buds, open flowers and fruits) from specimens of two common New England (USA) species: Chelidonium majus and Vaccinium angustifolium. We assess the reliability of using nonexpert workers (i.e. Amazon Mechanical Turk) against expert workers. We also use these data to estimate the phenological sensitivity to temperature for both species across multiple phenophases. We found no difference in the data quality of nonexperts and experts. Nonexperts, however, were a more efficient way of collecting more data at lower cost. We also found that phenological sensitivity varied across both species and phenophases. Our study demonstrates the utility of CrowdCurio as a crowdsourcing tool for the collection of phenological data from herbarium specimens. Furthermore, our results highlight the insight gained from collecting large amounts of phenological data to estimate multiple phenophases.

The ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(��,��){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction plays a key role in the evolution of stars with masses of $M >$ 0.55 $M_\odot$. The cross-section of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(��,��){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction within the Gamow window ($E_\textrm{c.m.}$ = 300 keV, $T_\textrm9$ = 0.2) is extremely small (about $10^{-17}$ barn), which makes the direct measurement in a ground-based laboratory with existing techniques unfeasible. Up until now, the cross-sections at lower energies can only be extrapolated from the data at higher energies. However, two subthreshold resonances, located at $E_x$ = 7.117 MeV and $E_x$ = 6.917 MeV, make this extrapolation more complicated. In this work, the 6.917 MeV subthreshold resonance in the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(��,��){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction was investigated via the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}({}^{11}\mathrm{B},{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction. The experiment was performed using the Q3D magnetic spectrograph at the HI-13 tandem accelerator. We measured the angular distribution of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}({}^{11}\mathrm{B},{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ transfer reaction leading to the 6.917 MeV state. Based on the FRDWBA analysis, we derived the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) of the 6.917 MeV level in $^{16}$O to be (1.10 $\pm$ 0.29) $\times 10^{10}$ fm$^{-1}$, with which the reduced $��$ width was computed to be $18.0\pm4.7$ keV at the channel radius of 6.5 fm. Finally, we calculated the astrophysical $S_{E2}(300)$ factor of the ground-state transitions to be 46.2 $\pm$ 7.7 keV b. The result for the astrophysical $S_{E2}(300)$ factor confirms the values obtained in various direct and indirect measurements and presents an independent examination of the most important data in nuclear astrophysics., submitted to Physical Review C

This article is aimed to analyse the servant leadership model in achieving and reaching the vision and mission of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Training because this model becomes an important issue applied by the education leaders. The research methodology used in this research is quantitative research with mixed method approach by Creswell. The primary data are collected though by questionnaire and secondary data by interview and documentation. The sample consists of 36 respondents by using purposive sampling technique. The result shows that from ten characteristics of servant leadership model, there are seven models implemented well. Those seven models are listening, achieving other people and emphatic, awareness, building persuasive power, service-ability, commitment, and building community. There are three models need to be improved, those are predicting ability, conceptualization, and healing ability. This leadership model is not an instant solution to solve the problem faced by the leader, but it is a long-term way, which the result comprehensively gives the change of vision and mission achievement.

The consequences of initial variability in reproductive effort on later pollination and fruit development have frequently been investigated with flower removal experiments. Often, plants produce many fewer fruits than flowers, so flower removal might not be expected to alter subsequent growth or development patterns all that much. Yet, many studies have demonstrated such changes even for species with low average fruit set, which begs for an explanation. Many (at least seven, by our count) such explanations have been reported in the literature, but experimental support for most is limited. In summer 2014, we conducted a field experiment on a lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) farm in Maine. In this experiment, we coupled flower removal with three other treatments, each designed to assess the validity of one of three often-cited hypotheses invoked to explain why growth and development changes occur following flower removal: 1) “Short-term nutrient shortages;” 2) “spatiotemporal limitations;” and 3) “the compound interest effect.” The three respective treatments—foliar nitrogen fertilization, positionally biased flower removal, and defoliation—were designed to either intensify or weaken the apparent effects of flower removal if the corresponding hypothesis had merit. As in a 2013 preliminary experiment, flower removal elicited several statistically significant growth and development changes in blueberry, including increases in final leaf area, ripe fruit weight, fruit ripening rate, and relative fruit production. The additional treatments also elicited several significant plant responses, though not always with concomitant flower removal effects as well. For example, fertilization generally increased fruit cluster mass by harvest, but flower removal itself had no such effect on cluster mass. Most observed interactive effects between flower removal and the additional treatments either ran counter to expectations, were limited in scope, or couldn't be unambiguously interpreted. For at least a few observed changes, none of the additional treatments significantly altered the effects of flower removal. We conclude that current hypotheses for the mechanistic basis for changes induced by flower removal are inadequate, at least for blueberry, a species with frequently low fruit set even when managed commercially. However, strong intellectual and economic imperatives exist to encourage further investigation into this open question.Plants grown in horticulture or occurring as adventives outside their native range can provide insight into species’ fundamental niche requirements that might not be evident from the native range, or realized niche, alone. Such occurrences can also identify conditions that support individual survival, but do not currently sustain positive population growth (i.e., a species’ ‘tolerance niche’). Further, in the context of rapid climate change, horticultural and adventive occurrences beyond current range edges might circumvent natural dispersal limitations and facilitate species range shifts. To explore these concepts in the field, we investigated the history and structure of five newly discovered populations of naturalized Magnolia tripetala near horticultural sites in western Massachusetts, USA. This tree species is native to the southeastern US, but has been grown horticulturally in the Northeast since the 1800s. However, naturalized populations had not been well documented in the region previously, raising the possibility that the species’ escape has been triggered by recent climate change. With tree coring and life stage surveys, we asked whether the naturalized populations exhibited synchronous patterns of establishment and expansion, suggestive of climatic release and a shift from tolerance niche to fundamental niche conditions in the region. Across the five sites, we documented 660 individuals, with populations ranging in size from 46 to 396 individuals, including seedlings, saplings, and reproduct

Item does not contain fulltext A growing number of premenopausal women are currently using antithrombotic and/or (dual) antiplatelet therapy for various cardiovascular indications. These may induce or exacerbate abnormal uterine bleeding and more awareness and knowledge among prescribers is required. Heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding is common in women in their forties and may have a variety of underlying causes that require different treatment options. Thus using anticoagulants in premenopausal women demands specific expertise and close collaboration between cardiovascular physicians and gynecologists. In this article we summarize the scope of the problem and provide practical recommendations for the care for young women taking anticoagulants and/or (dual) antiplatelet therapy. We also recommend that more safety data on uterine bleeding with novel anticoagulants in premenopausal women should be obtained.

Internalization of values-based character education on student himself can be done through an objective and transparent assessment system. This will be useful to foster honesty, discipline, and responsibility of students. Objective assessmentwas actually born of conscience. The real truth in it as something that is produced by conscience is something that is pure and candid. Transparent assessment of the implementation of the assessment should be known, from the aspect of the valuesobtained, the basic decision-making, processing until the final result indicated value, and acceptable. With such a rating system that would give birth to a student who has a character to help form a strong mental. Strong mental is precondition to be qualified competitive human.AbstrakInternalisasi pendidikan karakter berbasis nilai pada diri mahasiswa dapat dilakukan melalui sistem penilaian yang objektif dan transparan. Hal ini akan berguna untuk memupuk kejujuran, kedisiplinan, dan tanggung jawab pada diri mahasis-wa. Penilaian yang objektif itu sebetulnya terlahir dari hati nurani. Kebenaran sejati ada di dalamnya karena sesuatu yang dihasilkan oleh hati nurani merupakan sesuatu yang murni dan apa adanya. Penilaian yang transparan harus diketahuipelaksanaan penilaiannya, dari aspek nilai yang didapat, dasar pengambilan keputusan, pengolahan nilai sampai hasil akhirnya tertera, dan dapat diterima. Dengan sistem penilaian yang demikian akan melahirkan mahasiswa yang memiliki karakter dalam membantu pembentukan mental yang kuat. Mental yang kuat merupakan prasyarat untuk menjadi manusia yang berkualitas dan kompetitif.

The antimycotic ciclopirox olamine is an intracellular iron chelator that has anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. We developed an oral formulation of ciclopirox olamine and conducted the first-in-human phase I study of this drug in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies (Trial registration ID: NCT00990587). Patients were treated with 5-80 mg/m² oral ciclopirox olamine once daily for five days in 21-day treatment cycles. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic companion studies were performed in a subset of patients. Following definition of the half-life of ciclopirox olamine, an additional cohort was enrolled and treated with 80 mg/m² ciclopirox olamine four times daily. Adverse events and clinical response were monitored throughout the trial. Twenty-three patients received study treatment. Ciclopirox was rapidly absorbed and cleared with a short half-life. Plasma concentrations of an inactive ciclopirox glucuronide metabolite were greater than those of ciclopirox. Repression of survivin expression was observed in peripheral blood cells isolated from patients treated once daily with ciclopirox olamine at doses greater than 10 mg/m², demonstrating biological activity of the drug. Dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicities were observed in patients receiving 80 mg/m² four times daily, and no dose limiting toxicity was observed at 40 mg/m² once daily. Hematologic improvement was observed in two patients. Once-daily dosing of oral ciclopirox olamine was well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, and further optimization of dosing regimens is warranted in this patient population.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the instrument of reading and writing capability of the Qur’an in the practicum program students of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. This type of research is quantitative with an analysis approach to the generalization theory variance through the G-Study concept with a multifacet design p x r x I three facet variations. The results of the study prove the instrument of reading and reading ability of the Koran was tested, namely the estimated coefficient of reliability of the combined scores of the reading and writing assessment of the Koran from 20 students who were rated by 4 rater of 10 items which were judged by the magnitude of generalizability coefficient value of 0.82749 . The magnitude of this value indicates that the true score of the assessment results is quite high compared to the minimum reliability criteria, which is 0.70 fulfilling the reliable criteria. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengestimasi instrument kemampuan baca tulis alqur’an pada program praktikum baca tulis Alqur’an mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analisis varians teori generalisibilitas melalui konsep G-Study dengan desain multifacet p x r x I tiga variasi facet. Hasil penelitian membuktikan instrumen penilaian kemampuan baca tulis al-Qur’an teruji, yakni estimasi koefisien reliabilitas skor gabungan penilaian kemampuan baca tulis Alqur’an dari 20 mahasiswa yang dinilai oleh 4 rater terhadap 10 item yang dinilai diperoleh besarnya nilai koefisien generalizabilitas sebesar 0,82749. Besaran nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa true score hasil penilaian cukup tinggi dibandingkan kriteria reliabilitas minimal yaitu 0,70 memenuhi kriteria reliabel.

Introduction Invasive as well as non-invasive methods are available for assessment of the endometrium. Aims The purpose of this clinical guide is to provide evidence-based advice on endometrial assessment in peri and postmenopausal women. Material and methods Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Results and conclusions Presuming speculum examination and cervical cytology are assessed, transvaginal ultrasound should be undertaken initially as it is non-invasive and will not only measure endometrial thickness, but will also detect other pelvic pathology such as leiomyomas and ovarian tumours. The main indication for invasive methods is to obtain endometrial tissue to diagnose or exclude the presence of endometrial cancer or pre-malignancies. Biopsy is mainly undertaken as an outpatient procedure, but sampling is ‘blind’. Hysteroscopy is used when focal lesions affecting the uterine cavity are suspected such as endometrial polyps or sub-mucous fibroids. None of the available methods are perfect. Ultrasound evaluation is dependent on the experience of the examiner, the equipment and the quality of visualization. Hysteroscopy too is dependent on the examiner and fibroids may obstruct visualization. Blind endometrial biopsy procedures often miss focal lesions. Thus re-examination is necessary when symptoms persist and no explanation for these has been identified. This clinical guide will evaluate the different methods of endometrial assessment, their indications and limitations. Guidance is also given about dealing with inconclusive investigations and persistent symptoms.

This is a review of currently available data on local vaginal estrogen treatment with critical comments and a view on future perspectives. Vaginal atrophy affects 25–50% of postmenopausal women, and 40–45% of sexually active women suffer from dyspareunia. Treatment with all available local estrogen preparations is effective, but studies on dose–response relationship are lacking as is noncompany-sponsored comparisons between different estrogens and formulations. Local estrogen is effective in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection, but data on incontinence are mixed. Epidemiological data, long-term clinical safety data and data in women with a history of breast and other cancers are lacking. Safety data beyond 1 year are needed to support actual use. The use of local therapy is still likely to increase.

In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) approved the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory (JUNA) project, which aims at direct cross-section measurements of four key stellar nuclear reactions right down to the Gamow windows. In order to solve the observed fluorine overabundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, measuring the key $^{19}$F($p$,$��$)$^{16}$O reaction at effective burning energies (i.e., at Gamow window) is established as one of the scientific research sub-projects. The present paper describes this sub-project in details, including motivation, status, experimental setup, yield and background estimation, aboveground test, as well as other relevant reactions., 7 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables

To examine the prevalence of undiagnosed endometrial carcinoma (EC) among women with a preoperative diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) in correlation to age, BMI and menopause.Data extracted from the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database (DGCD) covering women diagnosed with AEH between January 1, 2005 and November 1, 2010 undergoing surgery. DGCD is a multidisciplinary, nationwide, clinical database of all cases of gynecological cancer and AEH in Denmark diagnosed after January 1, 2005. Registration is mandatory. Primary outcome was preoperative- and postoperative diagnoses. Secondary outcomes were relationship to BMI, age and menopause.The preoperative diagnosis of AEH was retained in 41% of 773 cases and 59% had endometrial cancer. Of the cancer cases, 18% had more than Stage I disease and 3% were non-endometrioid. Cancer risk was significantly related to age (p0.0001) and menopause (p0.0001). The 80% who were postmenopausal had a significantly higher risk of a postoperative cancer diagnosis compared with the premenopausal group (OR 2.8). There was no significant difference regarding BMI (p=0.25).More than half of the 773 Danish women primarily diagnosed with AEH had undiagnosed cancer. Failure to diagnose endometrial carcinoma preoperatively can lead to inadequate staging and potentially suboptimal treatment. We recommend that atypical endometrial hyperplasia should be treated as carcinoma in specialized gynecological-oncology centers.

Background The natural course of untreated endometrial adenocarcinoma is difficult to describe because observation of an already diagnosed cancer is unethical. However, occasionally, patients refuse therapy for different reasons, thus providing the opportunity to observe the natural course of the malignant disease. These patients are for obvious reasons rare cases. We present such a case and a review of the literature.

Summary What is known and Objective: 6-Cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone (ciclopirox) and specifically its olamine salt 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopirox olamine) are anti-fungal agents currently used for the treatment of mild to moderate cutaneous fungal infection. Our objective is to comment on the opportunity to rapidly reposition ciclopirox and its olamine for the treatment of haematologic malignancy by leveraging its prior published toxicology and pharmacology data. Comment: Ciclopirox olamine chelates intracellular iron and displays preclinical efficacy in the treatment of haematologic malignancy. Currently, an ongoing study is evaluating topical ciclopirox olamine for the treatment of cervical cancer. Doses of ciclopirox olaine required for a systemic anti-cancer effect appear pharmacologically achievable. However, caution is required as at the highest doses tested in animal toxicology studies, irreversible cardiac degeneration was observed. What is new and Conclusion: The existing pharmacology and toxicology data suggest that systemic ciclopirox olamine could be repositioned as a new investigational anti-cancer agent. The available pharmacology and toxicology data should aid in the design of phase I clinical trials of this agent in patients with refractory haematologic malignancies.

e14576Background: Ciclopirox (CPX) is an antifungal agent contained in a number of FDA-approved topical drug products. CPX possesses anticancer activity in a number of in vitro and in vivo preclini...

Fluorine is a key element for nucleosynthetic studies since it is extremely sensitive to the physical conditions within stars. The astrophysical site to produce fluorine is suggested to be asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In these stars the 15N(n, g)16N reaction could affect the abundance of fluorine by competing with 15N(a, g)19F. The 15N(n, g)16N reaction rate depends directly on the neutron spectroscopic factors of the low-lying states in 16N. The angular distributions of the 15N(7Li, 6Li)16N reaction populating the ground state and the first three excited states in 16N are measured using a Q3D magnetic spectrograph and are used to derive the spectroscopic factors of these states based on distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis. The spectroscopic factors of these four states are extracted to be 0.96+-0.09, 0.69+-0.09, 0.84+-0.08 and 0.65+-0.08, respectively. Based on the new spectroscopic factors we derive the 15N(n,g)16N reaction rate. The accuracy and precision of the spectroscopic factors are enhanced due to the first application of high-precision magnetic spectrograph for resolving the closely-spaced 16N levels which can not be achieved in most recent measurement. The present result demonstrates that two levels corresponding to neutron transfers to the 2s1/2 orbit in 16N are not so good single-particle levels although 15N is a closed neutron-shell nucleus. This finding is contrary to the shell model expectation. The present work also provides an independent examination to shed some light on the existing discrepancies in the spectroscopic factors and the 15N(n, g)16N rate., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables

The antimycotic ciclopirox olamine is an intracellular iron chelator that has anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. We developed an oral formulation of ciclopirox olamine and conducted the first-in-human phase I study of this drug in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies (Trial registration ID: NCT00990587). Patients were treated with 5-80 mg/m² oral ciclopirox olamine once daily for five days in 21-day treatment cycles. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic companion studies were performed in a subset of patients. Following definition of the half-life of ciclopirox olamine, an additional cohort was enrolled and treated with 80 mg/m² ciclopirox olamine four times daily. Adverse events and clinical response were monitored throughout the trial. Twenty-three patients received study treatment. Ciclopirox was rapidly absorbed and cleared with a short half-life. Plasma concentrations of an inactive ciclopirox glucuronide metabolite were greater than those of ciclopirox. Repression of survivin expression was observed in peripheral blood cells isolated from patients treated once daily with ciclopirox olamine at doses greater than 10 mg/m², demonstrating biological activity of the drug. Dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicities were observed in patients receiving 80 mg/m² four times daily, and no dose limiting toxicity was observed at 40 mg/m² once daily. Hematologic improvement was observed in two patients. Once-daily dosing of oral ciclopirox olamine was well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, and further optimization of dosing regimens is warranted in this patient population.

A 54-kb plasmid (pND306) from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 1252D encoded resistance to both Cu and Sn . The copper resistance determinant was subcloned on a 12.8-kb PvuII DNA fragment and mapped using a number of restriction endonucleases. Six other copper resistant lactococcal strains were also identified and all contained multiple plasmids. Plasmids in five of these strains showed strong hybridization with a probe made using the 12.8-kb DNA fragment, however no chromosomal homologs were detected. The copper resistance determinant was further isolated as a 10.6-kb SphI fragment and used to construct pND968 that expresses resistance to both copper and nisin.

The 33S(p,��)34Cl reaction is important for constraining predictions of certain isotopic abundances in oxygen-neon novae. Models currently predict as much as 150 times the solar abundance of 33S in oxygen-neon nova ejecta. This overproduction factor may, however, vary by orders of magnitude due to uncertainties in the 33S(p,��)34Cl reaction rate at nova peak temperatures. Depending on this rate, 33S could potentially be used as a diagnostic tool for classifying certain types of presolar grains. Better knowledge of the 33S(p,��)34Cl rate would also aid in interpreting nova observations over the S-Ca mass region and contribute to the firm establishment of the maximum endpoint of nova nucleosynthesis. Additionally, the total S elemental abundance which is affected by this reaction has been proposed as a thermometer to study the peak temperatures of novae. Previously, the 33S(p,��)34Cl reaction rate had only been studied directly down to resonance energies of 432 keV. However, for nova peak temperatures of 0.2-0.4 GK there are 7 known states in 34Cl both below the 432 keV resonance and within the Gamow window that could play a dominant role. Direct measurements of the resonance strengths of these states were performed using the DRAGON recoil separator at TRIUMF. Additionally two new states within this energy region are reported. Several hydrodynamic simulations have been performed, using all available experimental information for the 33S(p,��)34Cl rate, to explore the impact of the remaining uncertainty in this rate on nucleosynthesis in nova explosions. These calculations give a range of ~ 20-150 for the expected 33S overproduction factor, and a range of ~ 100-450 for the 32S/33S ratio expected in ONe novae., 12 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review C

Background: Among women, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and attained height are positively associated with ovarian cancer. Few studies have, however, investigated associations with childhood body size. As such, it remains largely unknown if it is body size development in early life or adult life that contributes to these associations. Therefore, we examined if childhood BMI and height at age 13 years were associated with ovarian cancer in adult life. Methods: Individuals were girls in the Copenhagen School Health Records Register who were born between 1930 and1989 and had available measures of height and weight at age 13 years. BMI and height z-scores were calculated from an internal age-specific reference. Via a personal identification number, individuals were followed up for ovarian cancer diagnosis by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed and stratified by birth cohort. Results: Among the included 137,416 girls, 1048 cases of ovarian cancer occurred during 5.2 million person-years of follow-up with a median age of diagnosis of 57 years (range: 19-83 years). BMI tended to be non-linearly associated with ovarian cancer such that only the heaviest girls had positive associations with ovarian cancer. Compared with a 13-year-old girl of average-size (BMI z-score = 0, corresponding to a weight of 45 kg and a height of 157 cm), an equally tall girl who was at least 9 kg heavier (corresponding to a BMI z-score >1.28) had a hazard ratio (HR) for ovarian cancer of 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.63). In analyses adjusted for childhood height, the association was only marginally attenuated (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.60). Childhood height was positively and statistically significantly associated with ovarian cancer. At age 13 years, per height z-score (corresponding to approximately 7 cm), the HR for ovarian cancer was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01-1.14). Conclusion: Body size in early life was associated with ovarian malignancies later in life suggesting that childhood height and BMI might impact if women are later diagnosed with ovarian cancer. As ovarian cancers vary widely in their etiologies, associations with childhood body size may differ depending on the tumor type, which will be investigated. Citation Format: Julie Aarestrup, Michael Gamborg, Nicolas Wentzensen, Lian G. Ulrich, Thorkild IA Sørensen, Jennifer L. Baker. Childhood body size at age 13 years and associations with ovarian cancer in adult life. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-375.

This study aimed to determine the quality of Indonesian nationally standardized examination instrument (Soal Ujian Sekolah Berstandar Nasional/SUSBN) in Islamic religious education subjects (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI), on 2011/2012 academic year, in high school of Gorontalo City, Celebes, Indonesia. It was assessed from the aspect of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis based on classical-modern test theory and iteman program. This is an ex post facto research. Data were collected by document analysis technique and used 215 sample from 1321 population of learners. The result shows that items of the question has a good validity level; the distribution of cognitive domain comprehenship enough; it reliability was stable; level of difficulty was categorized as fair; criteria different power are well accepted; effectiveness of detractors items are effective. However, on several points need revised in order to in line with the Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs and National Education Standards Agency.

To evaluate the endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma rate after 52-week treatment with ultra-low-dose 10-microgram 17β-estradiol vaginal tablets in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy.Endometrial biopsy data from individuals using active treatment (n=205) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were pooled with the data from an open-label endometrial safety trial (n=336). Patients received 10-microgram estradiol vaginal tablets for 52 weeks. All endometrial biopsy samples were histologically analyzed at baseline and at end of trial by the same laboratory in both trials.A total of 541 women using estradiol were included in the combined analysis of endometrial safety. A total of 456 women completed the trials, and 443 women had a biopsy performed at week 52: 85.6% were categorized as "atrophic endometrium," 12.6% had nonevaluable biopsy samples, 1.1% had polyps, and 0.2% were categorized as "weakly proliferative." One case of complex hyperplasia without atypia was reported in an individual exposed to trial drug for only 9 days. One woman's biopsy sample demonstrated endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade 2, but the lack of an evaluable screening biopsy sample makes it uncertain whether the carcinoma was preexisting. In total, two events of hyperplasia and carcinoma were reported in 386 evaluable biopsy samples (incidence rate 0.52% per year).The reported background incidence rate of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in postmenopausal women is 0% to 1%. The results of this pooled analysis therefore support the endometrial safety of unopposed ultra-low-dose vaginal estrogen. There was no increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in postmenopausal women undergoing treatment with 10-microgram estradiol vaginal tablets for 1 year under study conditions.ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00108849 (VAG-2195) and NCT00431132 (VAG 1748).II.

Angular distribution of the 12C(7Li,6He)13N reaction at E(7Li) = 44.0 MeV was measured at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of Beijing, China. Asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) of 13N = 12C + p was derived to be 1.64 $\pm$ 0.11 fm$^{-1/2}$ through distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis. The ANC was then used to deduce the astrophysical $S(E)$ factors and reaction rates for direct capture in 12C(p,g)13N at energies of astrophysical relevance., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figues, submitted to Nucl. Phys. A

(2004). Current controversies about combined hormone therapy and the relative risks to the breast and endometrium. Climacteric: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 229-237.

The 8.8-kb Lactococcus lactis plasmid pND302 encodes resistance to cadmium (CdR). Regions of pND302 involved in replication and CdR were subcloned and sequenced. The replication region is localized on a 1.5-kb region and consists of an open reading frame (repB) preceded by a noncoding AT-rich sequence (ori) which is highly homologous to lactococcal theta-type replicons. The CdR determinant is localized on a 2.9-kb region and encodes putative proteins similar to the Cd(2+)-specific P-type efflux ATPase (CadA) and the transcriptional regulatory repressor (CadC) identified in Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus firmus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Similar CdR determinants were also detected by PCR in other CdR plasmids isolated from different L. lactis strains.