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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes was developed using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as the solvent. The direct coupling of two different terminal alkynes is catalysed by a bimetallic catalyst, CuCl2·2H2O/Pd(NH3)4Cl2·H2O, in the presence of the base tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and O2. In pure ScCO2, our bimetallic catalytic system maintains high activity over a wide substrate scope to provide unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes in good to excellent yields. In the proposed reaction mechanism, the synergistic cooperation between copper(II) and palladium(II) centres is responsible for the superior selectivity of the cross-coupling.

Macropores resulting from soil pedogenesis, biological activity, and agricultural practices play important roles in soil water, chemical and gas transport; however, seldom studies focus on the effect of soil macropores on CO2 behavior. In this study, a 150-day soil column incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the CO2 behavior in a homogeneous soil column and a soil column with an artificial macropore, which have the same total porosity. The results showed that the cumulative CO2 fluxes observed in the soil with a macropore (57.2 g m−2) were higher than those in the homogeneous soil (52.7 g m−2). The soil cumulative CO2 fluxes measured using column incubation can fit the kinetic model, and a higher carbon mineralization rate in the soil with the macropore was found. The results of the incubation experiment also suggest that macropore increased the gas diffusivities, and thus decreased the CO2 concentrations in the soil profile. This study proposed a simulation experiment and quantified the effect of macropore on soil CO2 behavior, which could help to understand the mechanism of CO2 emission from soil with macropores especially caused by agricultural practices.

Many students will attend two or more qualifications examinations in school. Many vocational competence and technical qualifications examinations are related to basic courses or professional courses of Finance and economics majors. Students' professional skills, professional qualities and employment competitiveness can be improved through the implementation of "Course Certificate Fusion". But in the process of implementing "Course Certificate Fusion", there are some problems to be solved. In order to ensure the effect of "Course Certificate Fusion", relevant countermeasures should be taken.

Introduction: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a newly identified member of transforming growth factor (GDF) superfamily, is upregulated in ovarian (OV) cancer. Upregulated GDF15 positively correlates with poor prognosis of OV cancer. Thus, elucidation of the mechanism underlying GDF15 overexpression is important. Method and Results: PROMO and JASPAR prediction software were used to find transcription factors for GDF15 expression. Data from TCGA database were analyzed to find long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were also abnormally expressed in OV cancer and had associations with GDF15 expression. Transcription factor CEBPB was predicted as an important regulator of GDF15, confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. However, CEBPB expression was not significantly changed in OV cancer. Data from TCGA database showed that lncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in OV cancer and its expression is negatively correlated with GDF15 expression. RPISeq showed high affinity of GAS5 to CEBPB and this was confirmed by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. GAS5 overexpression increased its binding to CEBPB and consequently downregulated GDF15. GAS5 overexpression and GDF15 knockdown decreased viability and increased apoptosis of OV cancer cells, but CEBPB overexpression had opposite effects. However, simultaneous GAS5 and CEBPB overexpression or CEBPB overexpression together with GDF15 knockdown had no effect on cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusion: GAS5 functions as decoy of CEBPB, blocking transcription-promoting effect of CEBPB on GDF15.

The physical friction system model was established between the tool and the chip based on the analysis of tri-bological behavior of high speed milling process of the end mill. The finite element simulation method was employed to study the tool-chip friction model, and the two-dimensional(2D) finite element model of milling was created. The numerical results revealed the chip morphology, stress and temperature distribution of the tool-chip contact surface. The tool temperature field distribution provided supports for tool-chip friction state theory and the 3D milling model.

Cutting temperature is a key factor in impacting the solid carbide end mill’s life, the rule of solid carbide end mill temperature field is the research focus. In this paper, the solid carbide end mill helical side edge is regarded as a helical coil heat source, the tool chip friction surface is considered as a surface heat source which consists of countless helical coil heat source. Based on heat source method, the model of continuous dynamic temperature field simulation of a solid carbide end mills cutting process is established.

An efficient method for CuCl-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes in the synthesis of symmetric 1,3-diynes has been developed in supercritical CO 2 (ScCO 2 ) without organic solvent. Homocoupling of various terminal alkynes (solid or liquid) could afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields. In addition, ScCO 2 play the role of reactive solvent, and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) acts as the key additive for homocoupling reactions of terminal alkynes, which enhanced the reaction rate and the solubility of copper(I) catalyst in ScCO 2 .

A preparative high-speed countercurrent chromatography method was successfully used for the isolation of five minor flavones from Polygonum cuspidatum flowers. Among them, three compounds were obtained from P. cuspidatum for the first time. A twin two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (1:6:3:6, v/v/v/v) and petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:4:3:3, v/v/v/v) was developed. Compounds were obtained from the fraction B and fraction C prepurified by silica gel column chromatography. Five minor compositions, 6.8 mg of hesperidin, 11.2 mg of phloridzin, 4.9 mg of luteolin, 5.3 mg of hyperin, and 3.7 mg of luteoloside were obtained from 140 mg of the fraction B and 110 mg of fraction C with a purity of 95.3, 96.4, 98.0, 96.8, and 95.3%, respectively, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of these compounds were identified by (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy.

Agricultural management plays an important role in the storage of carbon in soils. The behavior of soil CO2 in an Andisol in two different tillage systems (no tillage and tillage) was studied. Soil-column incubation experiments were performed for a period of 150 days to conduct this study. Soil CO2 flux, under no-tillage and tillage treatments, was observed to be 0.557 and 0.616 gCO2-C m−2 d−1, respectively. The cumulative CO2 flux under tillage treatment was observed to be higher than that under no-tillage treatment, but no distinct difference in the soil carbon stock was observed between both treatments. The soil CO2 concentration under no-tillage treatment was clearly much higher than that under tillage treatment, except at a depth of 2.5 cm. Tillage decreased soil dry bulk density and enhanced soil air-filled porosity. Soil gas diffusivity, which depends on air-filled porosity, was increased by tillage at a depth of 0–15 cm, which contributed to their lower soil CO2 concentration. CO2 flux through the soil profile, calculated from the CO2 concentration, decreased with depth. Compared to the deep soils, the surface soil (0–5 cm) showed greater variation in CO2 flux. The CO2 production at depths of 0–10 cm accounted for 62.2 and 51.7 % of the whole CO2 production of the 0–30-cm soil profile for no-tillage and tillage treatments. CO2 production was higher for soil under no tillage at depths of 0–10 cm, but contrary results were observed for soil at depths of 10–30 cm.

According to the structure and characteristics of the HSK-A63 tool holder, we design and retrofit the non-standard tool holder with special function module. Establish and assemble three-dimensional entity models of embedded temperature measuring tool holder, ER collet/nut and flat end mill with Pro/E 5.0. Based on the establishment of the reasonable boundary conditions and meshing of the tool holder assembly, natural frequency and vibration modes of the tool holder assembly are calculated by modal analysis with the Ansys Workbench. These analysis results are the important research basis for the dynamic characteristics designing and dynamic balance researching to the tool system.

Ion exchange resin-supported (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]8H2O with Waugh structure is used to prepare supported solid catalyst. Performance of this catalyst is researched by means of synthesis of isoamyl acetate. Optimal reaction conditions determined by orthogonal experiment are as follows: acid-alcohol molar ratio is 2.5:1, reaction time is 120 min, catalyst dosage is 0.8 g, dosage of water-carrying agent is 2.5 ml, esterification yield reaches 95.1%. This catalyst is characterized by high catalytic efficiency, easy separation and recovery, absence of environmental pollution and being reusable, etc.

Four new phragmalin limonoids (chukfuransins A-D) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Chukrasia tabularis. Chukfuransins A (1) and B (2) feature a unique C-15/C-20 linkage proposed to be built by a biogenetic pathway involving Michael addition. Chukfuransins C (3) and D (4) feature the C-15/C-21 linkage. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by NMR techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2composite sol was prepared with inorganic precursors by sol-gel method. Using Al2O3ceramic tubes as supporter, well-surfaced Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2composite microfiltration membrane was achieved by the film-forming technique of pretreatment of the ceramic tube supporter, 3 times recycled dipping-drying-sintering, being dried at 50°C thermostatic water bath and sintered at 900°C.

In this study, a FE simulation model of the continuous extrusion process with double feedstocks is established. It is aimed to investigate the weld quality of AA6063 aluminium alloy profiles. The results show that with the height of preformed die increasing, the pressure-to-effective stress ratio (K) increases greatly and the welds can be improved. The maximum value of K reaches to 5.5. By observation the microstructure of the welding zone, the extrusion welding line does not extend to the product surface. No defects appeared on the surface of the extruded product. It is proved that the AA6063 product with good welding quality can be obtained by continuous extrusion with double feedstocks. These also provide the theoretical basis for expanding the application of the continuous extrusion process with double feedstocks.

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite sol was prepared with aluminum nitrate, zirconium oxy-chloride, etc as precursors, by which Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite ceramic microfiltration membrane was achieved. Stable boehmite sol can be obtained by adding Al(NO3)3 into ammonia but not the reverse. The stability of the composite sol depends on the ratio of Si/Zr. The aperture of the composite membrane can be micron level. It has good effect on sewage treatment.

The petroleum ether extractives of oil-tea cake was analyzed and identified by Py-GC/MS. The analytical result showed that 65 peaks were obtained from the 550°C pyrolyzates of petroleum ether extractives of oil-tea cake and 61 compounds representing 97.63 % of the total areas were identified. The analytical result showed that the main components of 550°C pyrolyzates of petroleum ether extractives of oil-tea cake by pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: 1-Dotriacontanol (11.57% from five peaks), 3-Cyclohexene-1-Methanol, .Alpha.,.Alpha, 4-Trimethyl-,(S)- (10.52%), Cis-2-Ethylcyclopentanecarboxaldehyde (9.89%), Trans-Sobrerol (8.27%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-Propenyl)- (7.65%), Cholestan-3-Ol, 2-Methylene-, (3.Beta., 5alpha)- (6.81%),1,2-Trans-1,5- Trans-2,5-Dihydroxy-4-Methyl-1-(1-Hydroxy-1-Isopropylcyc (5.02%), 4-Nonanone, 2,6,8-Trimethyl - (4.69%), Bicyclo 2.2.1 Heptan-2-One, 1,7,7-Trimethyl-,(1s)- (4.55%), Squalene (3.86%), (R)-(-)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-Hexadecen-1-Ol (2.97%), Undecane 2-Cyclohexyl-, 2-Cyclohexyl- (2.53%), 4,8,13-Cyclotetradecatriene-1,3-Diol, 1,5,9-Trimethyl-12- (1-Methylethlyl)- (1.94%), 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)Toluene (1.88%), Hexadecanoic Acid, 2-Hydroxy-1,3-Propanediyl Ester (1.37%), etc. The result of function analyses suggested that the petroleum ether extractives of oil-tea cake contain abundant components of materials which can be developed into rare natural medicinal, high-grade spice, cosmetic, food, etc.

Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg (Chinese tulip tree) has a long history of utilization and plantation, but the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg leaves were unrevealed. The analytical result by method of GC/MS showed that the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Liriodendron chinense were identified as 55 constituent, and the main components are as: 2-Propenenitrile, 2-chloro- (13.75%), 1-Mercapto-2-heptadecanon (13.10 %), 1-Mercapto-2-heptadecanon (12.77%), Ethanol, 2-butoxy- (12.03%), 1-Docosanol (10.74%), Guanidine, (4-aminobutyl)- (5.05%), 5,10-Pentadecadiyn-1-ol, acetate (4.82%), 1,2,4-Butanetriol (3.13%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (2.09%), 1-Eicosanol (2.00%), 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, formate (1.60%), Butanoic acid (1.60%), .alpha.-D-Xylofuranoside, methyl 3,5-di-O-methyl- (1.30%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (1.29%),5.alpha.-Pregnane-12,20-dione (1.12%), Cyclopentanol (0.82%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried leaves from Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg can be developed into top value-added materials of medicines and spicery.

Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd has high tolerance to environment stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in China. It is important to recover and utilize the polluting waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd in order to separate top value-added bioactive components, hence the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractive of waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd by means of GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 19 compounds representing 92.35 % of the extractives were identified. The most abundant constituents were as: The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd by GC/MS analysis were 1,3-Dioxane (24.95%), Ethylbenzene (19.03%), p-Xylene (16.02%), Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl- (6.64%), Indane (4.00%), Heptanal (3.89%), 1-Methyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzimid (3.39%), (11H)Pyrido[3',2':4,5]imidazo[2,1- (3.25%), 10-Methylnonadecane (3.00%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (2.91%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (2.65%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- (2.46%), 2,5-Cyclohexadien-1-one, 2,5-dimethyl- (1.74%), Docosane, 7-butyl- (1.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraqui (1.47%), Acetaldehyde - (0.89%), etc. Our result by GC/MS firstly showed that the benzene-methanol extractives of freeze-dried waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd can be used as top value-added materials of medicines, cosmetics and industrial solvents.

The researches are very less about the acetone extractives of rood wood from Cinnamomum camphora, a famous non-wood tree in China. Therefore, 550°C-based Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood. The analytical result showed that the main components of the acetone extractives of C. camphora root wood by 550°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS are as: Decanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (16.720%), 4-Nitrophenyl laurate (9.104%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (6.3744%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (5.646%), 2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzohydrazide (3.516%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (3.279%), Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (2.686%), Dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (2.478%), 2,3-Butanediol, [S-(R*,R*)]- (2.177%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (2.147%), 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl- (1.642%), Tricyclo [2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (1.349%), Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S-endo)- (1.292%), Acetic acid, 2-acetoxymethyl-1,2,3- trimethylbutyl ester (1.174%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (1.125%), etc. The result of functional analysis suggested that C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, and also as the materials of bioenergy, perfume, cosmetic, food, dye and industrial solvent.

The production of noble Cinnamomum camphora oil from C. camphora leaves and twigs brings a mass of extracting wastewater which is pollutive to water environment. In order to better utilize and recover the productive wastewater from the Eucalyptus oil, we used GC/MS to analyze the possible top value-added components of benzene/ethanol extractives of leaves and twigs of C.camphora. The analytical result showed that only 15 compounds were identified from the benzene/ethanol extractive of C. camphora trigs, and 29 compounds from 30 peaks were identified from the benzene/ethanol extractive of C. camphora leaves. The analytical result showed that the main components of the benzene/ethanol extractive of C. camphora twigs by GC/MS are as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (36.85%), Linalyl propanoate (23.58%), Eucalyptol (10.07%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (8.88%), 4,4-dimethylcholest-7-ene-3-ol (5.81%), Cyclopentanol (3.37%), 1,2,4-Cyclopentanetrione, 3-(2-pentenyl)- (2.52%), etc. The result by GC/MS analysis showed that the benzene/ethanol extractive of leaves of C. camphora are as: Eucalyptol (58.51%), 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl- (13.98% from two peaks), Sabinene (4.45%), 1-Mercapto-2-heptadecanone (2.69%), Phytol (2.29%), Camphene (1.94%), 1-Eicosanol (1.81%), Caryophyllene (1.63%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro- 1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, [1S-(1.alpha.,3a.alpha.,4.beta.,6a.alpha.)]- (1.50%), 1-Penten- 3-ol (1.01%), beta.-Pinene (0.86%), etc. There are many important constituents of rare natural medicine, cosmetic and spicery in the benzene/ethanol extractive of twigs and leaves of C. camphora.

Cinnamomum camphora is a famous non-wood tree, which can be used to extract camphor, C. camphora oil and its ramification. It is an excellent timber tree and evanescence species with the road. Researches about the chemical composition of C. camphora root wood is very less, this restricts the development and utilization of the root of C. camphora. Therefore, we used Py-GC/MS technology to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood. After treated with freeze-drying and smashing, samples were extracted by the acetone extraction. After concentration and refrigeration dry, the comminuted power of C. camphora root wood was pyrolyzed in He atmosphere at 750°C, then the pyrolysis product was analyzed by online linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The analytical result showed that C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, and also as the materials of bioenergy, perfume, cosmetic, food, dye and industrial solvent.

The bamboo resource is very abundant in China, and both species and yield of bamboo are the first in the world. In the countryside of China, farmers often used the extractives of bamboo root to cure some special diseases; however, the biomedical constituents of extractives of bamboo root are still not completely explained. Therefore, 450 °C pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify the top value-added biomedical constituents of root-based benzene/ethanol extractives from the richest bamboo species “Moso bamboo”. After treatment of benzene/ethanol extraction, the extractives obtained was fully pyrolyzed at 450 °C in He atmosphere, and then the 450 °C pyrolyzate obtained was analyzed by online-linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 59 chemical constituents representing 97.62% were identified from 64 peaks. The analytical result showed that the 450 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives from Moso bamboo root is abundant in biomedical constituents, and also contains other bioactive components, which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, food, spice, and chemical. The result will be useful to expedite biomedical development of root extractives, and to provide further scientific foundation for its top value-added application of bamboo resources.

The extractives of bamboo root was often used to cure some intractable diseases in the countryside of China, but the components of bamboo root extract are still unresolved. Therefore, 300 °C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify and analyze the top value-added biomedical and bioactive components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Moso bamboo root. 45 compounds representing 97.316 % of the total areas were identified (Table 1) from 55 peaks. The main chemical components of benzene/methanol extractives of Moso bamboo root by 300°C-based Pyrolysis- GC/MS are as: 1,3-BENZODIOXOLE, 5-(1-PROPENYL)- (15.263%), NAPHTHALENE (12.316%), 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLICACID,BIS(2-METHYLPROPYL) ESTER (9.385%), BENZENE, 1,2-DIMETHOXY-4-(2-PROPENYL)- (7.624%), 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 3-(2-HYDROXYPHENYL)- (E)- (6.012%), 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLACETOPHENONE (5.226%), 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL2-METHYLPROPYL ESTER (4.328%), etc. The result showed that the 300 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives of Moso bamboo root is rich in biomedical components, and also contains some bioactive components which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic and food.

Py-GC/MS technology was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood at 350°C. The result showed that the chemical components of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood are as: Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (10.255%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (7.751%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (5.765%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (3.833%), 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8- (1-methylethyl)-, [s-(E,E)]- (3.669%), D-Allose (3.265%), Acetic acid (2.784%), 1(2H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-8a-hydroxy- (2.719%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 4-methoxy-6- (2-propenyl)- (2.674%), .beta.(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)propionic acid (2.216%), Phenol, 4-methyl- (2.200%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (2.138%), 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl acetone (2.125%), 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- (2.075%), 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl- (1.808%), Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)- (1.688%), etc. The analytical result by 350°C-based Py-GC/MS showed that the 350°C pyrolyzate of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, but also used as the bioactive materials of bioenergy, cosmetic, food, and other industrial solvents.

In this paper, not only was data mining performed for investors' social networking platforms of micro-blog and Guba, but a method combining pattern matching and machine learning was adopted for sentiment classification and computing. On this basis, an investor network public opinion fluctuation monitoring could be established to monitor and analyze fluctuations and inversion. Furthermore, validity of this model was verified finally

An amphiphilic graft copolymer comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) grafts was synthesised and characterised. It was used to stabilise the emulsion polymerisation of St or BuA. The effectiveness of this PEG-containing graft copolymer in stabilising St/BuA emulsion polymerisation was studied. Finally, stable dispersions of polystyrene microspheres were used as templates, and polystyrene microspheres were coated with Fe3O4 by in situ reaction of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the presence of OH−. No additional treatments were needed in the process.

A procedure was developed to coat functionalized polystyrene spheres with well-defined layer of amorphous titanium dioxide. The core–shell particles can be turned into TiO2 nanosponge by calcining the dried particles in a furnace. The phase transformation temperature of TiO2 hybrid microspheres from anatase to rutile was increased by about 200 °C due to the blocking function of the calcined polymer remainder.

The first genetic linkage map of Salvia miltiorrhiza was constructed in 94 F1 individuals from an intraspecific cross by using simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 93 marker loci in the linkage map, consisting of 53 SSR, 38 SRAP and 2 ISSR locus were made up of eight linkage groups, covered a total length of 400.1 cm with an average distance of 4.3 cm per marker. The length of linkage groups varied from 3.3 -132 cm and each of them included 2-23 markers, separately. The result will provide important basis for QTL mapping, map-based cloning and association studies for commercially important traits in S. miltiorrhiza.

MicroRNAs play important roles in myocardial fibrosis during diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-208b (miR-208b) in diabetic myocardial fibrosis. Compared to the db/m control mice, Smad3 was activated , fibrosis-related genes expression were significantly up-regulated, and miRNAs were dysregulated in the myocardium of the 16-week-old diabetic db/db mice. miR-208b was confirmed up-regulated in the db/db diabetic myocardium in vivo and in mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts after treatment with Ang-II, TGF-β and high glucose/glucose oxidase (HG/Go) in vitro , respectively. By using recombinant adenovirus expressing CD63-GFP, rAd-CD63-GFP, we infected neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with rAd-CD63-GFP and tracked the secreted exosomes with GFP. We found that miR-208b was increased in the secreted exosomes from HG/Go-treated cardiomyocytes, and the exosomes with increased miR-208b could enhance fibrosis associated Col1a1, α-SMA and CTGF expressions in cardiac fibroblasts. Transfection of miR-208b mimic could increase Col1a1, α-SMA and CTGF expression in a dose-dependent manner in cardiac fibroblasts. However, blockage of miR-208b could inhibit fibrosis related genes expression. Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 were verified modulated by miR-208b at post transcriptional level in vitro . Consistently, Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 expressions were decreased in the diabetic myocardium, and knockdown of Mtf2 or Pgrmc1could increase fibrosis related genes expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Smad3 inhibitor, Naringenin, could dramatically inhibit miR-208b expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-208b was up-regulated in diabetic fibrotic myocardium, Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 mediated the effect of miR-208b on enhancing Col1a1, α-SMA and CTGF expression in diabetic myocardial fibrosis.

Background: Plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF), a key player in hemostasis and thrombosis, is released from endothelial cells during inflammation. Hypertension, a progressing in chronic inflammation and cardiovascular syndrome with various causes, results in functional and structural changes of heart and arterial vessels. However little information is available on LA changes during hypertension. Left atrial (LA) enlargement is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between LA enlargement and thromboembolic risk in essential hypertensive patients with Af without any signs of clinical thrombotic disease or previous stroke. Methods: The relationship between Plasma vWF, ADAMTS13 and left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial volume (LAV), left atrial volume index (LAVi) were evaluated in essential hypertensive group included 105 patients (55 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and 50 patients with normal sinus rhythm (NSR)). Results: The study demonstrated that vWF, vWF/ADAMT13, LAD, LAV and LAVi were increased significantly (P < 0.01) but ADAMTS13: Ag was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the hypertensive with AF group compared with NSR group. Conclusion: vWF/ADAMTS13 were positively correlated with LAD, LAV and LAVi (P < 0.01). Increased vWF and vWF/ADAMTS13 is associated with LAD, LAV and LAVi in essential hypertension. The study suggests it played a positive role of vWF and vWF/ADAMTS13 in the progressing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in essential hypertensive patients with LA enlargement.

Carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, protects against myocardial injury induced by acute myocardium infarction (AMI). The mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of carvedilol are unknown. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated whether miR-29b is involved in the cardioprotective effect of carvedilol against AMI-induced myocardial fibrosis. Male SD rats were randomized into several groups: the sham surgery control, left anterior descending (LAD) surgery-AMI model, AMI plus low-dose carvedilol treatment (1 mg/kg per day, CAR-L), AMI plus medium-dose carvedilol treatment (5 mg/kg per day, CAR-M) and AMI plus high-dose carvedilol treatment (10 mg/kg per day, CAR-H). Cardiac remodeling and impaired heart function were observed 4 weeks after LAD surgery treatment; the observed cardiac remodeling, decreased ejection fraction, and fractional shortening were rescued in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. The upregulated expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA mRNA was significantly reduced in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. Moreover, the downregulated miR-29b was elevated in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. The in vitro study showed that Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA were downregulated and miR-29b was upregulated by carvedilol in a dose-dependent manner in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Inhibition of ROS-induced Smad3 activation by carvedilol resulted in downregulation of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA and upregulation of miR-29b derived from the miR-29b-2 precursor. Enforced expression of miR-29b significantly suppressed Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA expression. Taken together, we found that smad3 inactivation and miR-29b upregulation contributed to the cardioprotective activity of carvedilol against AMI-induced myocardial fibrosis.

To establish the chromatographic fingerprint for Herba Lysimachiae by RP-HPLC.The sample solutions were prepared by extracting material with boiling water,followed by extracting with BuOH from the aqueous extract and analyzed by RP-HPLC with a Phenomenex C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), gradiently eluted with A (acetonitrile containing 0.5% of acetic acid)-B (water containing 0.5% of acetic acid) at 30 degrees C, and monitored with UV detector at 255 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and sample volume injected was 20 microL. The chromatograms of different batches of Herba Lysimachiae were compared by the software of Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (Version 2004A).HPLC Fingerprint of Herba Lysimachiae was established with Rutin as the reference compound. 13 common peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Herba Lysimachiae.The established HPLC fingerprint of Herba Lysimachiae has desirable precision, reproducibility, and can be applied to routine quality control of Herba Lysimachiae.

To analyze the floral volatiles of Polyonum cuspidatum flower.The floral volatiles of P. cuspidaturn flower were investigated by Headspace Sampler GC/MS.21 compounds were separated and determined from P. cuspidatumrn, which amounted to 99.29% of the total volatiles. 5 compounds including (E)-2-hyexenoic acid methyl ester, 1-phenyl-l-pentanone, (E)-4-hexenoic acid methyl ester, 3-hexenoic acid methyl ester, 2-methyl-6-methylene-1 and 7-octadien-3-one were the main constituents existed in P. cuspidatum flower, which amounted to 63.23% of the total volatiles. Organic ester compounds amounted to 52.09% of the total volatiles. Hexenoic acid methyl ester compounds were most, which amounted to 85.66% of the total organic ester compounds. In addition, the 1-phenyl-1-pentanone and acetophenone were 16.30% and 4.33%, which amounted to 20.63% of the total volatiles.The result of this research provides a scientific method for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of P. cuspidatum flower.

To compare effects of valsartan and benazepril on erythropoietin (EPO) levels in essential hypertensive patients with normal renal function.Sixty essential hypertensive patients were randomly divided into valsartan group (n=30, valsartan 80 mg/day) and benazepril group (n=30, benazepril 10 mg/day). Plasma EPO and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured at the start of and at 4 and 8 weeks during the treatments.EPO and Hb levels were all in normal range in the two groups. Valsartan decreased EPO levels from 14.179∓3.214 U/L (baseline) to 12.138∓2.926 U/L (P0.05) and Hb levels from 144.32∓13.84 g/L (baseline) to 135.16∓14.78 U/L (P0.05). Benazepril treatment did not resulted in any obvious changes in EPO or Hb levels (P0.05).Valsartan may lower EPO and Hb levels in patients with essential hypertension, while benazepril does not have such effects. The safety of valsartan in anemic hypertensive patients should be further investigated.

10 Title compounds of type (IV) and 8 of type (VI) and (VIII) are prepared and tested in vitro for their inhibitory effects on various human tumors.

Three series of butenolide-containing dithiocarbamates were designed and synthesized. Their anti-tumor activity in vitro was evaluated. Among them compound I-14 exhibited broad spectrum anti-cancer activity against five human cancer cell lines with IC(50)30 μM. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the introduction of dithiocarbamate side chains on the C-3 position of butenolide was crucial for anti-tumor activity.

The oil-tea cake as the byproduct of tea-oil from oil-tea seed is still not top-valued used. In order to improve the processing status of oil-tea cake from low-grade to high-grade, we used 300°C pyrolysis- GC/MS technology to analyze the top value-added biomedical and bioactive constituents of two extracts (benzene/ethanol and acetone) of oil-tea cake. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 13 compounds representing 99.18% of the benzene/ethanol extract of oil-tea cake were identified, and 28 compounds representing 98.62% of the acetone extract of oil-tea cake were also identified, The results of function analyses showed that the benzene/ethanol extract and acetone extract of oil-tea cake contain abundant components of rare natural medicinal materials, and also contain many components which can be developed into two value-added materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic, food, and industrial chemical and solvent, This result will benefit the status change of processing and utilization of oil-tea cake in China from low-grade to high-grade, and hence is helpful to the sustainable development of oil-tea industry of China

China has the rich bamboo resource, moreover, the species and yield of bamboo both are the first in the world. The extract of bamboo root was often used to cure some intractable diseases in the countryside of China, but the components of bamboo root extract is still unresolved. In order to expedite medicinal application of bamboo root, and to provide further scientific foundation for its top value-added development, pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify and analyze the top value-added biomedical and bioactive components of benzene/ethanol extract of Moso bamboo root. The extract was pyrolyzed at 750 °C in helium atmosphere, and then the pyrolyzate was analyzed by online-linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 87 compounds representing 98.31% were identified from 105 peaks. The result showed that the pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extract of Moso bamboo root is rich in biomedical components, and also contains some bioactive components which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic, food, and chemical

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease of transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells. The expressions of JunB and CDH13 (cadherin-13) gene as tumor suppressor gene were inactivated by promoter methylation in CML patients. This study was purposed to investigate the methylation difference of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter and the expression levels of JunB and CDH13 gene in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells in CML patients vs normal individuals. CD34(+)CD38(-) cells from 8 cases of CML and 5 normal individuals were selected by flow cytometry. The methylation status of JunB and CDH13 genes were detected by MS-PCR in selected CD34(+)CD38(-) cells. The expression levels of JunB and CDH13 gene was detected with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene was detected in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of 5 normal individuals. Methylations of JunB and CDH13 promoter were found in 87.5% (7/8) and 50% (4/8) CML CD34(+)CD38(-) cells, percentages of which were significantly higher than those in normal individuals. The difference was statistically significant (p0.05). The relative expression levels of JunB and CDH13 mRNA in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of CML patients were significantly lower than those in normal individuals (2(-DeltaDeltaCT) were 1/5.21 and 1/10.63 respectively). It is concluded that the high methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter occurs in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells of CML patients, their mRNA expression level is significantly lower, thus the methylation of JunB and CDH13 gene promoter probably plays a role in the pathogenesis of CML and may have clinical significance in predicting prognosis of CML.

Wood extractive brings more difficulties on the treatment of polluting wastewater from wood industry and paper mill, Therefore, many enterprises have to raise pretreated procedure of wood chips of papermaking to decrease the disadvantageous impacts from wood extractive. However, wastewater from wood chip pretreatment becomes a difficult and urgent issue. Eucalyptus camaldulensis has been widely planted in South China and mainly used as wood chips of papermaking. In order to better recover and utilize the pretreatment wastewater of E. camaldulensis wood chip and hence decrease its pollution to water and land environment, the chemical components of cold water extractive of E. camaldulensis wood chip was analyzed by pyrolysis-GC/MS after enriched and dissolved in benzene-methanol. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 32 compounds representing 99.53 % of the extractive were identified. The main constituents were as: benzene,methyl (1-methylethyl)- (35.41%), ethanol,2-butoxy- (8.73%), (-)-globulol (6.76%), 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene,decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.alpha.,7a.beta.,7b. alpha.)]- (6.14%), etc. As the first report here, the results by pyrolysis- GC/MS and function analyses showed that most chemical components of cold water extractive of E. camaldulensis wood chips can be developed into top value-added materials of medicine, cosmetic, food, solvent and bioactive chemical industry.

The branchlet and nutshell of Camellia oleifera are produced in quantity while picking and processing the nut each year. However, the abundant branchlet and nutshell of C. oleifera are still underutilized and hence wasted to pollute environment. Therefore, GC/MS technology was used to analyze the top value-added components from the branchlet and nutshell of C. oleifera. After treated with freeze-drying, the branchlet was treated by benzene/ethanol extraction, and the nutshell was treated by direct pyrolysis in Helium atmosphere at 590 °C, respectively; then the extractives and pyrolyzate were analyzed by online linked GC/MS respectively. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. There are 45 components identified from 59 peaks in C. oleifera nutshell pyrolyzate, and there are 24 components identified from 27 peaks in the benzene/ethanol extractives of C. oleifera branchlet. The result by GC/MS analysis showed that the branchlet and nutshell of C. oleifera contain abundant components of rare medicinal materials and top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, bioenergy, and industrial chemical.

Antifreeze protein (AFP) can help organisms survive from freezing condition by thermal hysteresis activity to control ice growth and by recrystallization inhibition activity to inhibit recrystallization of ice granules, respectively. By bioinformatics methods especially protein docking, the newly developed models of surface complementarity were used to obtain the molecular models of AFPs and hence to interpret the binding mechanism between AFP and ice. The molecular models of relatively perfect surface complementarity were obtained basing on the threedimensional structures of AFPs, and among the forces of models of surface complementarity, van der waals force and hydrophobic interaction is the key role. The docking result showed that the tandem repeat motif of each AFP can form the basic framework to support the firm binding between the ice binding sites of AFP and ice surfaces, providing useful insights to understand the molecular mechanism of the binding between AFP and ice.

An intelligent agent based distributed network intrusion detection system (IA-NIDS) is presented. Compared with the current network intrusion detection techniques, IA-NIDS uses the parallel technique to reform and detect the coming packet on the application layer, which widens the scale of intrusion detection. It uses intelligent distributed mutual agent technique to enhance the ability of real time response and uses mix detection method to improve the accuracy for detecting DDOS attacks.

TiO2-coated polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared in a simple way. First, functional PS particles were synthesized by copolymerizing one kind of polymerizable surfactant with styrene. Then the stable dispersions of polystyrene nanoparticles were used as templates, and polystyrene nanoparticles were coated with titania by in situ hydrolysis of tetra-n-butyl titanate (TBT). No surface treatment and centrifugation/redispersion cycle process were needed during the whole experiment. Isolated PS spheres with uniform coatings of titania were obtained when water concentration was lower than a certain level.