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Background: The current lack of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted researchers to seek alternative nutritional therapies, such as medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). However, results are inconclusive. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarize current evidence on the effect of MCT on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. Methods: A systematic search was conducted up until December 16, 2022, to identify human interventions reporting the effects of MCT on cognitive functioning of MCI or AD patients. 995 non-duplicated publications were identified, of which nine (n = 10 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Results: Meta-analysis showed cognitive improvements in general (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI [0.05, 1.24]), but not in memory, language, and attention domains after oral MCT administration, compared to placebo. The effect of MCT was greater among APOE ɛ4 (−) subjects than APOE ɛ4 (+) subjects (SMD = 1.87; 95% CI [0.35, 3.40]). Conclusion: This review provides some evidence that treatment with MCT could improve general cognitive function in APOE ɛ4 (−) cognitive impaired patients. Better characterized clinical studies are warranted before making a definitive conclusion on the use of MCT for MCI and AD management.

Background. Limited data are available about the clinical outcomes of AECOPD patients with respiratory acidosis treated with HFNC versus NIV. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the efficacy of HFNC with NIV as initial ventilation support strategy in AECOPD patients with respiratory acidosis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to increase between-group comparability. Kaplan–Meier analysis was utilized to evaluate differences between the HFNC success, HFNC failure, and NIV groups. Univariate analysis was performed to identify the features that differed significantly between the HFNC success and HFNC failure groups. Results. After screening 2219 hospitalization records, 44 patients from the HFNC group and 44 from the NIV group were successfully matched after PSM. The 30-day mortality (4.5% versus 6.8%, p = 0.645 ) and 90-day mortality (4.5% versus 11.4%, p = 0.237 ) did not differ between the HFNC and NIV groups. Length of ICU stay (median: 11 versus 18 days, p = 0.001 ), length of hospital stay (median: 14 versus 20 days, p = 0.001 ), and hospital cost (median: 4392 versus 8403 $USD, p = 0.001 ) were significantly lower in the HFNC group compared with NIV group. The treatment failure rate was much higher in the HFNC group than in the NIV group (38.6% versus 11.4%, p = 0.003 ). However, patients who experienced HFNC failure and switched to NIV showed similar clinical outcomes to those who first received NIV. Univariate analysis showed that log NT-proBNP was an important factor for HFNC failure ( p = 0.007 ). Conclusions. Compared with NIV, HFNC followed by NIV as rescue therapy may be a viable initial ventilation support strategy for AECOPD patients with respiratory acidosis. NT-proBNP may be an important factor for HFNC failure in these patients. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed for more accurate and reliable results.

The benefits of using literature in second/foreign language instruction have been re-gaining recognition in recent years. This study investigates a reading program implemented by an experienced teacher in a Chinese high school, with the aim of exploring students’ and teachers’ perceptions, as well as possible pedagogical strategies. Graphic novels were used in the program, facilitated by such literacy activities as reader’s theatre, keeping a reflection journal, literature circles, and explicit vocabulary teaching. This exploratory case study lasted for four months, collecting data from student and teacher participants, classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, reflection journals, artifacts, and relevant documents. Using the framework of a critical literacy approach to second/foreign language teaching, this study finds that with explicit teacher guidance and critical pedagogies, students developed high-order reading/thinking skills, multiple perspectives, historical empathy, and agency by engaging in multiliteracies practices through language-literature integration. Additionally, by highlighting some of the challenges and confusions teachers encountered, this study draws attention to the need for teacher training in the implementation of this pedagogical approach, alongside implications for future research and practice.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated agricultural soil is widespread globally. To develop a cost-effective remediation technique to effectively degrade PAH contaminated agricultural soil without disturbing crop production, an in-situ co-remediation of PAH contaminated agricultural soil using blood meal and celery was assessed in an agricultural greenhouse. Results showed PAH dissipation rates increased significantly in agricultural soil when co-remediated by blood meal and celery. Planting celery and addition of 5 g•kg−1 blood meal removed 53.13% of PAHs within three months. Residual PAH concentrations in plant tissue were much lower than China Standard food limits. Results indicated the ability of celery to enhance bioavailability of PAHs, and create favorable conditions for microbial, rather than direct plant uptake, played a vital role in degradation of PAHs. Addition of blood meal significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity and PAH degradation, and increased PAH remediation rate with optimal addition of blood meal (5 g•kg−1). Celery enhanced bioavailability of PAHs. Blood meal increased soil enzyme activity and increased PAH degrading bacterial activity, which acted as the main remediation pathway to co-remediate PAHs, where celery was safe to eat. Therefore, a novel in-situ agricultural soil PAH remedial method, which did not disturb normal agricultural production during remediation is presented in this study.

Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol were used to prepare poly(ethylene terephthalate)-co-amide salts with adipate pentamethylenediamine (AP salts) as the modified monomer, improving the hygroscopicity and softness of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. One of the facets of concern is that the yellowing index of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-co-amide salts increases from 3.8 to 13.8 than poly(ethylene terephthalate) and increases from 2.9 to 11.7 for fibers, limiting its acceptance in textile applications. The convention underpinning the yellowing originated from thermal oxidation and Schiff base reaction in the blend of polyester/polyamide, generating yellowing substances with conjugated imine structure. However, in this paper, an unconventional yellowing mechanism was discovered, attributed to the reaction of AP salts and acetaldehyde (a by-product of poly(ethylene terephthalate)). The structure of yellowing substances was characterized and confirmed the role of conjugated diketoamine (O=C–CH2–CONH–) and conjugated enamines (O=C–C=C–NH–). It is difficult for fiber applications to overcome the yellowing issue. Nevertheless, an inhibiting method for the yellowing phenomenon was provided, end-capping technology, by a clearer understanding of the yellowing processes. Thus, poly(ethylene terephthalate)/APA was prepared with the end-capping product carboxyl-terminated diamide (APA) as the modified monomer, which was synthesized by the reaction of AP salts and adipic acid. The yellowing index decreased from 13.8 to 8.5 than poly(ethylene terephthalate)-co-amide salts and decreased from 11.7 to 6.9 for fibers. This significantly improves the yellowing problem and provides technical support for colorless copolymer fibers.

Hyperspectral techniques are promising alternatives to traditional methods of investigating potentially toxic metal(loid) contamination. In this study, hyperspectral technology combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and extreme learning machine (ELM) established estimation models to predict the contents of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) in multi-media environments (mine tailings, soils and sediments) surrounding abandoned mineral processing plants in a typical tin-polymetallic mineral agglomeration in Guangxi Autonomous Region. Four spectral preprocessing methods, Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, continuum removal (CR), first derivative (FD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT), were used to eliminate noise and highlight spectral features. The optimum combinations of spectral preprocessing and machine learning algorithms were explored, then the estimation models with best accuracy were obtained. CWT and CR were excellent spectral pretreatments for the hyperspectral data regardless of the applied algorithms. The coefficients of determination (R

This study aimed to investigate whether the dorsal skeletal muscle area at 12th thoracic level (T12SMA) could be used as a predictor of in-hospital mortality and long-term survival among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).A retrospective study was conducted on 1701 CAP patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) examinations at the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The T12SMA was analyzed. Multivariate regression logistic models were constructed to identify the prognostic markers of hospital mortality. Cox regression logistic models were constructed to identify the risk factors of long-term survival.The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that T12SMA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.946; p = 0.007], CURB-65 (OR = 1.521; p = 0.008), creatinine (OR = 1.003; p = 0.001), albumin (OR = 0.908; p = 0.001) and intensive care unit (ICU) (OR = 2.715; p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for predicting the in-hospital mortality. The cox regression logistic analysis showed that T12SMA (OR = 0.968; p = 0.000), age (OR= 1.036; p = 0.000), sex (OR= 1.435; p = 0.002), CURB-65 (OR = 1.311; p = 0.000), albumin (OR = 0.952; p = 0.000), creatinine (OR = 1.002; p = 0.000) and ICU (OR = 1.606; p = 0.001) were prognostic markers of long-term survival.T12SMA, CURB-65, creatinine, albumin and ICU were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with CAP. And low T12SMA affected the in-hospital mortality and long-term survival of patients with CAP.

Memory CD8+ T cells play an essential role in providing effective and lifelong protection against pathogens. Comprehensive transcriptional and epigenetic networks are involved in modulating memory T cell development, but the molecular regulations of CD8+ memory T cell formation and long-term persistence remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that zinc finger protein 335 (Zfp335) is indispensable for CD8+ T cell memory establishment and maintenance during acute infections. Mice with Zfp335 deletion in CD8+ T cells exhibit a significant reduction of memory T cells and memory precursor cells in the contraction phase. Zfp335 deficiency in CD8+ T cells resulted in decreased expression of memory featured genes Eomes and IL-2Rβ, leading to a loss of memory identity and an increase of apoptosis in response to IL-7 and IL-15. Mechanistically, Zfp335 directly binds to and regulates TCF-1, known to be critical for memory T cell development. Importantly, overexpression TCF-1 could rescue the defects in the survival of both CD8+ memory precursors and memory T cells caused by Zfp335 deficiency. Collectively, our findings reveal that Zfp335 serves as a novel transcriptional factor upstream of TCF-1 in regulating CD8+ T cell memory.

Effector CD8+ T cells are crucial players in adaptive immunity for effective protection against invading pathogens. The regulatory mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell effector differentiation are incompletely understood. In this study, we defined a critical role of mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) in controlling effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and survival during acute bacterial infection. Mice with Med1-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibited significantly impaired expansion with evidently reduced killer cell lectin-like receptor G1+ terminally differentiated and Ly6c+ effector cell populations. Moreover, Med1 deficiency led to enhanced cell apoptosis and expression of multiple inhibitory receptors (programmed cell death 1, T cell Ig and mucin domain–containing-3, and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that T-bet– and Zeb2-mediated transcriptional programs were impaired in Med1-deficient CD8+ T cells. Overexpression of T-bet could rescue the differentiation and survival of Med1-deficient CD8+ effector T cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor C/EBPβ promoted T-bet expression through interacting with Med1 in effector T cells. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role of Med1 in regulating effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and survival in response to bacterial infection.

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between blood glucose and serum insulin with acute cerebrovascular disease. Methods. A total of 1548 patients with acute cerebrovascular illness and 364 patients with a normal physical examination who were admitted to our hospital (endocrinology department) between January 2017 and July 2020 were recruited. Patients with acute cerebrovascular illness were included in the experimental group, while healthy individuals after physical examinations were included in the control group. All patients’ blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured, and the association of blood glucose and serum insulin with acute cerebrovascular illness was investigated. Results. Acute cerebrovascular disease is associated with significantly higher blood glucose and serum insulin levels versus healthy status ( P < 0.05 ). Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were observed to be significantly higher in the hemorrhagic stroke group than in the ischemic stroke or mild hemorrhagic group ( P < 0.05 ). Severe ischemic strokes were associated with significantly higher blood glucose levels versus mild ischemic strokes ( P < 0.05 ). There were no significant differences in serum insulin levels between the severe ischemic stroke group and the mild ischemic stroke group ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. A rise in blood glucose and serum insulin levels is associated with the incidence and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular disease, and it is positively correlated with the severity of the acute cerebrovascular disease.

Due to the presence of geological fluid under actual geological conditions, water–rock interaction will occur between the fluid and reservoir. Thus, to analyse the influence of the water–rock interaction on storage space during the organic matter evolution stages, this study conducted a series of simulation experiments on shales by using a closed autoclave: four temperatures, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, and five fluid–rock ratios (FRRs), 0:20, 4:20, 10:20, 15:20, and 20:20. Low pressure N2 adsorption measurement was conducted on the solid residues. The experimental results show that the effect of temperature on the yield and pore structure of oil shale was the same as the result when the FRR was = 0:20, 4:20 and = 10:20, 15:20, 20:20, respectively. This result showed that temperature remained the main factor that affected the thermal evolution of hydrocarbon generation. Additionally, temperature was beneficial to the generation and storage of shale oil within a certain range, but only occupied the storage space of shale oils or connected a certain storage space beyond a certain range. The variation trend of shale oil yield with increasing FRR under the same simulated temperatures, 250°C and 400°C, was most affected by the FRR, but little change occurred at 300°C and 350°C. This further proved that the ratio of fluid to rock was an indirect acting factor, which affected the evolution of organic matters and then the development of pore structures. Before the oil window (350°C), the lower evolution degree, the higher water content and the more significant effect. In the higher evolution stage, the higher the water content, and the more complete the kerogen reaction, which was also more conducive to the development of pore structures. Therefore, this study promotes the establishment of linear equations on FRR to the gas adsorption capacity, which further provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the exploration and development of shale oil.

The inter-salt shale of the Qianjiang Formation in Jianghan Basin is a typical and important continental saline lake shale oil system in China. To achieve a better understanding of the formation of the inter-salt organic-rich shale, the mineral, major and trace elements and organic geochemical characteristics (total organic carbon (TOC) and biomarkers) of the Eq34-10 shale (high TOC) and the Eq40-5 shale (low TOC) were studied. The results suggest that (a) the organic matter in the inter-salt shale was predominantly derived from endogenous lower aquatic organisms, algae and bacteria; (b) there was a hot arid palaeoclimate and a low degree of chemical weathering conditions during the deposition of the inter-salt shale; (c) the inter-salt shale deposited in an extreme restriction hyper-saline lacustrine and reducing environment, and the salinity of the palaeolake decreases with the increase of the input of terrigenous clastic materials; and (d) the inter-salt shale deposited under an arid and semi-arid climate condition with an intermittent warm and humid climate. In summary, lake palaeoproductivity under the control of palaeoclimate change is the key and direct factor controlling the development of inter-salt organic-rich shale of Qianjiang Formation in Jianghan Basin.

Multiple new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have constantly emerged, as the delta and omicron variants, which have developed resistance to currently gained neutralizing antibodies. This highlights a critical need to discover new therapeutic agents to overcome the variants mutations. Despite the availability of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the use of broadly neutralizing antibodies has been considered as an alternative way for the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. Here, we show that the nasal delivery of two previously characterized broadly neutralizing antibodies (F61 and H121) protected K18-hACE2 mice against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variants. The broadly protective efficacy of the F61 or F61/F121 cocktail antibodies was evaluated by lethal challenge with the wild strain (WIV04) and multiple variants, including beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529) at 200 or 1000 TCID

Bacterial AraC is a transcription factor family that initiates transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the promoter and directly regulating various bacterial phenotypes. It also directly regulates various bacterial phenotypes. However, how this transcription factor regulates bacterial virulence and affects host immunity is still largely unknown. In this study, deleting the orf02889 (AraC-like transcription factor) gene in virulent Aeromonas hydrophila LP-2 affected several important phenotypes, such as increasing biofilm formation and siderophore production abilities. Moreover, Δorf02889 also significantly decreased the virulence of A. hydrophila and has promising attenuated vaccine potential. To better understand the effects of orf02889 on biological functions, a data independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomics method was performed to compare the differentially expressed proteins between Δorf02889 and the wild-type strain in extracellular fractions. The following bioinformatics analysis suggested that ORF02889 may regulate various metabolic pathways, such as quorum sensing and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter metabolism. Moreover, 10 selected genes from the top 10 decreasing abundances in proteomics data were deleted, and their virulence to zebrafish was evaluated, respectively. The results showed that ΔcorC, Δorf00906, and Δorf04042 significantly reduced bacterial virulence. Finally, the following chromatin immunoprecipitation and polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) assay validated that the promoter of corC was directly regulated by ORF02889. Overall, these results provide insight into the biological function of ORF02889 and demonstrate its inherent regulatory mechanism for the virulence of A. hydrophila.

Background Anesthesia and surgery can induce perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be one of the earliest triggering events in surgery-induced neuronal damage. Dexmedetomidine has been demonstrated to attenuate the impairment of cognition in aged rats induced by surgery in our previous study. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hepatic apex resection under anesthesia with propofol to clinically mimic human abdominal surgery. The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, Model group and Dexmedetomidine (Dex) group. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM), Open Field Test (OFT)and Novel object recognition task (NOR). Ultrastructural change in neuronal mitochondria was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial function was measured by mitochondrial membrane potential and activities of mitochondrial complexes. Neuronal morphology was observed with H&E staining and the activation of glial cells was observed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. Protein levels were measured by Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence at 3 and 7 days after surgery. Results Surgery-induced cognitive decline lasts three days, but not seven days after surgery in the model group. Transmission electron microscope showed the mitochondrial structure damage in the model group, similar changes were not induced in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine may reverse the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial complex activity. Compared with the Control group, the expression of cytochrome c was significantly increased in model group by Western blot and immunofluorescence on days 3, but not day 7. Rats from the Model group expressed significantly greater levels of Iba-1 and GFAP compared with the Control group and the Dex group. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, reduce the damage of mitochondrial structure and function by alleviating oxidative stress and protect mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus increasing cytochrome c oxidase (COX) expression and downregulate the expression of cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats.

Objective: To investigate the association between plasma irisin and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) among Chinese young men. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 86 Chinese male subjects, aged 18-45 years, who visited the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao (Hebei, China) in 2017 for annual health check-up. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were performed. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 8 hours of fasting, and the levels of glucose, insulin, lipids and serum irisin were measured. Participants were categorized into: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) [fasting plasma glucose (FPG)＜5.6 mmol/L, and 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) ＜7.8 mmol/L after a 75-g OGTT]; IGR[impaired fasting glucose (IFG) ( 5.6mmol/l ≤FPG＜7.0 mmol/L, and 2hPG＜7.8 mmol/L ) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (FPG＜5.6 mmol/L, and 7.8 mmol/l ≤2hPG＜11.1 mmol/L]. Results: Subjects in the IGR group had higher body mass index (BMI), WC, FPG, 2hPG and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) than subjects in the NGT group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum irisin (4.43 ± 1.44 vs. 6.25 ± 1.46 µg/mL) were significantly lower in the IGR group (PP P= 0.000) and HOMA-IR (OR=5.586, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for predicting IGR. Conclusions: Serum irisin levels were reduced in Chinese young men with IGR. Reduced irisin may increase the occurrence of IGR. It suggested that irisin may predict the occurrence of impaired glucose homeostasis and should be examined in future studies.

Macrophages plays a vital role in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the polarization of macrophages was not consistent in previous reports and the contribution of hepatocytes to macrophage polarization is not clear. Here, we show that in clinical NASH and HCC samples, impaired Dicer activity was common and correlated with increased M1-like macrophages. Mice with Dicer deletion in hepatocytes could induce macrophages M1 polarization either in the development of NASH under high fat diet feeding, or in the carcinogenesis of HCC after DEN treatment. In hepatic cells, Dicer deletion delivered distinct lipid profile and increased lipid oxidation. Mechanically, Dicer deletion caused declined miR-192-3p and increased IGF2 in hepatocytes. Restoring miR-192-3p could suppress IGF2 and inhibit macrophage infiltration in the liver tissue, as well as reduce the lipid de novo synthesis and peroxidation. Overall, our data highlights the central role of Dicer-associated miR-192-3p in the etiopathogenesis of macrophage M1 polarization in NASH and HCC.

Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is known as a wide bandgap p-type semiconductor and recently demonstrated its high ability as a hole-transporting material in thin film devices such as dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells [1]. However, in fact little is known for its intrinsic physical properties such as bandgap, band positions, optical transparency, carrier density and mobility. We have established methods to electrodeposit well-crystallized CuSCN thin films in various forms. Although the electrochemistry is fairly simple as limited by diffusion of 1 : 1 complex between Cu2+ and SCN- ions ([Cu(SCN)]+), the [Cu2+] : [SCN-] ratio, its absolute concentration and solvent can significantly alter the morphology and crystal orientation of resulting CuSCN [2]. Hybridization with various cationic organic dyes has also been achieved to furnish nanostructures and even transition from rhombohedral β to orthorhombic α form [3]. These unique features of the electrodeposition technique let us anticipate possibilities to tailor-tune physical properties of CuSCN to match the demands for the device applications. Moreover, electrodeposited CuSCN doesn’t hinder its use in flexible electronics unlike many other inorganic materials, since the process is done at room temperature. In this study, we have carried out electrodeposition of CuSCN to vary its morphology and crystal orientation by tuning the bath composition and studied their band structure to explore the room for tuning its physical properties. Morphologies of CuSCN thin films electrodeposited from stoichiometric (REF), Cu-rich and SCN-rich baths are compared in Figs. 1 a-c. While the REF sample has an open structure made of relatively large bulky particles, the Cu-rich sample is dense, made of tiny grains. XRD patterns have found almost random crystal orientation for the former and a high degree of preference of the latter to orient the c-axis of β-CuSCN perpendicular to the substrate. On the other hand, the one from the SCN-rich bath is made of elongated platelets (Fig. 1 b) and strongly oriented to lay down the c-axis in parallel with the substrate. As expected from the morphology, the Cu-rich film is highly transparent, whereas the other two are opaque due to light scattering (Table 1). Tauc plot for indirect transition indicated a systematic increase of bandgap from 3.58 to 3.64 eV on increasing the Cu2+ content. More significant difference was found for their work function (WF) measured by photoelectron yield spectroscopy (PYS). The threshold energy moved downwards from 5.31 to 5.66 eV vs. VAC from Cu-rich to SCN-rich film. The result indicates a high level of p-type doping in the presence of excess SCN-, probably due to increased concentration of Cu2+ as stabilized by SCN- bound to it. Enhanced photoluminescence has also been found for the electrodeposited CuSCN thin film especially for the SCN-rich sample, as compared to commercial CuSCN powder. Thus, electrodeposition has turned out to allow fine-tuning of physical properties of CuSCN for device applications. [1] Vinod E. Madhavan et al., ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1, 1112−1117. [2] Lina Sun et al., Physics Procedia, 2011, 14, 12-24. [3] Yuki Tsuda et al., Chem., 2017, 148, 845-854. Figure 1

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between body fat (BF%) and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and potential link with increased levels of inflammatory indicators and insulin resistance.MethodsA total of 543 older adults with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), handgrip strength and gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia according to the updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Body composition data were tested using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Levels of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, fasting blood insulin (FINS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] were also determined.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in all participants was 8.84%, of which 11.90% were male and 5.84% females. The Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that BF% was negatively correlated with gait speed in men and women (R =-0.195, P=0.001; R = -0.136, P =0.025, respectively). After adjusting for all potential confounders, sarcopenia was positive associated with BF% (male, OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15–1.65, P< 0.001; female, OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56, P=0.007), and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (male, OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44–0.73, PPConclusionHigher BF% was linked to an increased risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, suggesting the importance of assessing BF% rather than BMI alone to manage sarcopenia.