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BackgroundPicosecond lasers are widely used in dermatologic and cosmetic practice. In clinical practice, informed consent for laser treatments is critical to ensure patients’ understanding of health information.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether video-based informed consent improves patient comprehension and satisfaction.MethodsThe study was performed from August 1 to November 30, 2022. Solar lentigines patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Before October 1, 2022, traditional informed consent methods were performed. In the subsequent 2 months, a video-based informed consent was used as an adjunct to traditional consenting methods. Finally, patient comprehension of relevant knowledge about laser treatment and client satisfaction were assessed.ResultsA total of 106 patients were included. The mean number of correct answers in the comprehension assessment in the video-based informed consent group was significantly higher than that in the traditional informed consent group (4.4 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Compared to the traditional informed consent group, more correct answers in the video-based informed consent group were provided by older patients (3.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.004) and patients with lower education levels (4.1 ± 1.1 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). The mean satisfaction score in the video-based informed consent group was significantly higher than that in the traditional informed consent (27.8 ± 5.7 vs. 24.3 ± 6.2, p = 0.003).ConclusionVideo-based informed consent helps patients learn clinical literacy more effectively and improves patient satisfaction, especially in those with lower education levels and older ages.

Existing methods of privacy-preserving action recognition (PPAR) mainly focus on frame-level (spatial) privacy removal through 2D CNNs. Unfortunately, they have two major drawbacks. First, they may compromise temporal dynamics in input videos, which are critical for accurate action recognition. Second, they are vulnerable to practical attacking scenarios where attackers probe for privacy from an entire video rather than individual frames. To address these issues, we propose a novel framework STPrivacy to perform video-level PPAR. For the first time, we introduce vision Transformers into PPAR by treating a video as a tubelet sequence, and accordingly design two complementary mechanisms, i.e., sparsification and anonymization, to remove privacy from a spatio-temporal perspective. In specific, our privacy sparsification mechanism applies adaptive token selection to abandon action-irrelevant tubelets. Then, our anonymization mechanism implicitly manipulates the remaining action-tubelets to erase privacy in the embedding space through adversarial learning. These mechanisms provide significant advantages in terms of privacy preservation for human eyes and action-privacy trade-off adjustment during deployment. We additionally contribute the first two large-scale PPAR benchmarks, VP-HMDB51 and VP-UCF101, to the community. Extensive evaluations on them, as well as two other tasks, validate the effectiveness and generalization capability of our framework.

Vitiligo is the most common depigmentation disorder. This disease causes disfiguration and induces psychological burdens, leading to significantly impaired quality of life. Limited research about disease-related post-traumatic stress (PTS) has been conducted in vitiligo patients.To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of post-traumatic stress in vitiligo patients.This case-control study was performed from January 2021 to April 2021. A survey questionnaire including baseline information, post-traumatic stress symptoms evaluation, life quality evaluation was conducted. According to the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms, patients were grouped and compared. The logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).A total of 337 patients were included. A 30.3% of vitiligo patients (102/337) in present cohort had PTS and 12.5% patients (42/337) were confirmed for developing into PTSD. The multivariate logistic regression revealed educational leveluniversity (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.97-2.93, P=0.003), vitiligo in face and neck (OR=2.65, 95% CI=2.08-3.12, P=0.008), vitiligo in feet and hands (OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.54-2.12, P0.001) and surgical treatment (OR=3.53, 95% CI=3.12-4.02, P0.001) were risk factors for PTSD. PTS severity was significantly associated with vitiligo disease activity score (rho=0.54, R2=0.29, P=0.002), vitiligo area scoring index score (r=0.55, R2=0.30, P=0.012), and dermatology life quality index score (r=0.61, R2=0.37, P=0.004).Vitiligo-related PTS is prevalent in vitiligo patients and causes psychological impairment. Dermatologists should realize and identify this condition carefully and offer proactive intervention to improve patients' quality of life.

To explore the factors affecting the shear strength of compacted loess, direct shear tests and compression tests under different moisture contents and compaction were conducted. The results show that the angle of internal friction and the cohesion of the soil depend on the moisture content and compaction. The influence of the moisture content is more significant than that of the compaction. The relationship between the confined compression strain and vertical pressure can be fitted by a hyperbolic curve. The secant modulus has a positive linear relationship with the compaction, and a parabolic correlation with the moisture content. A modified formula for the deformation of loess under changing compaction and moisture content is presented.

Imaging systems with a wide field-of-view (FOV) and high-resolution, which can provide abundant target information, are always desired in various applications including target detection, environment monitoring, marine rescue, etc. Various approaches to realizing the wide FOV and high-resolution imaging have been developed, for example, fisheye lens imaging system, and panoramic optical annular staring imaging technology. In these single aperture imaging systems, the maximum resolution and FOV are determined by either the geometric aberration or the diffraction limit of the optics. Multi-scale monocentric ball-lens imaging system is of particular importance due to its high real-time ability, small image distortion, and wide FOV. The complete geometrical symmetry of multilayer monocentric ball-lens makes it possible to compensate for the geometric aberration with no need of additional assistance. However, the major problem in designing imaging system based on multi-scale monocentric ball-lens is that there are too many variables needed to be set for a ball-lens imaging structure and the problems of high time cost and computation complexity.For simplifying the design process, in this manuscript, we apply the computational imaging theory to optical system design, thereby developing a geometric aberration optimization function to determine the initial values of the desired system by the sound computation rather than repetitive iterations by using the optical system design software. Function development starts from the aberration theory. Since the monocentric ball lens does not bring in the aberrations relating to FOV, only spherical aberration and chromatic aberration are needed to be considered. The optimization function is then founded according to the principle of minimizing the spherical aberration and chromatic aberration. And then with the determined initial parameters, ZEMAX is employed to globally optimize the residual geometric aberrations, which is time-efficient. After required parameters are finally determined, the system performance is evaluated via the modulation transmission function, the spot diagram distribution, the field-curve and distortion value and the ray fan curve. Favorable results are obtained, which demonstrates the feasibility of the developed system designing approach. Imaging results from the finished prototype system are pretty satisfactory with wide FOV and high resolution which is captured through only one frame. The multi-scale wide FOV and high-resolution computation imaging system not only solves the conflict between the wide FOV and high resolution, but also provides the research foundation for computational imaging.

To investigate stress distribution in mandibular first premolar restored by composite resin with root screw of different length in different occlusion.An three dimensional finite element model of mandibular first premolar restored by composite resin with root screw was constructed by using spiral CT image reconstruction technique, Mimics, Pro/Engineer, Pro/Mechanica software. Based on this model, stress distribution in dentin, composite resin and root screw was analyzed in the situation of different screw length and different occlusion.When the occlusion was tripod contact and cusp tip-ovoid fossa contact, the stress of dentin, composite resin and root screw were all much less than their compressive strength. And also in this situation, the stress of bond surface between the composite resin and dentin was less than the bond strength of composite resin. The screw was longer but no more than 8 mm, the dentin stress distributes better.In the restoration of large area mandibular first premolar crown defection, tripod contact and cusp tip-ovoid fossa contact with 8 mm root screw is recommended.