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PurposeReliable noninvasive method to preoperative prediction of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) angiogenesis are needed. This study aims to develop and validate machine learning models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the microvessel density (MVD) of eCCA.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study from August 2011 to May 2020, eCCA patients with pathological confirmation were selected. Features were extracted from T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images using the MaZda software. After reliability testing and feature screening, retained features were used to establish classification models for predicting VEGF expression and regression models for predicting MVD. The performance of both models was evaluated respectively using area under the curve (AUC) and Adjusted R-Squared (Adjusted R2).ResultsThe machine learning models were developed in 100 patients. A total of 900 features were extracted and 77 features with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) < 0.75 were eliminated. Among all the combinations of data preprocessing methods and classification algorithms, Z-score standardization + logistic regression exhibited excellent ability both in the training cohort (average AUC = 0.912) and the testing cohort (average AUC = 0.884). For regression model, Z-score standardization + stochastic gradient descent-based linear regression performed well in the training cohort (average Adjusted R2 = 0.975), and was also better than the mean model in the test cohort (average Adjusted R2 = 0.781).ConclusionTwo machine learning models based on MRI can accurately predict VEGF expression and the MVD of eCCA respectively.

We undertake a systematic study of historic market volatility spanning roughly five preceding decades. We focus specifically on the time series of realized volatility (RV) of the S&P500 index and its distribution function. As expected, the largest values of RV coincide with the largest economic upheavals of the period: Savings and Loan Crisis, Tech Bubble, Financial Crisis and Covid Pandemic. We address the question of whether these values belong to one of the three categories: Black Swans (BS), that is they lie on scale-free, power-law tails of the distribution; Dragon Kings (DK), defined as statistically significant upward deviations from BS; or Negative Dragons Kings (nDK), defined as statistically significant downward deviations from BS. In analyzing the tails of the distribution with RV > 40, we observe the appearance of "potential" DK which eventually terminate in an abrupt plunge to nDK. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced with the increase of the number of days over which the average RV is calculated -- here from daily, n=1, to "monthly," n=21. We fit the entire distribution with a modified Generalized Beta (mGB) distribution function, which terminates at a finite value of the variable but exhibits a long power-law stretch prior to that, as well as Generalized Beta Prime (GB2) distribution function, which has a power-law tail. We also fit the tails directly with a straight line on a log-log scale. In order to ascertain BS, DK or nDK behavior, all fits include their confidence intervals and p-values are evaluated for the data points to check if they can come from the respective distributions., 20 pages, 15 figues

Somatic cells of higher plants possess the remarkable ability to regenerate new individuals via reestablishing apical meristems. Reconstitution of shoot meristem is the vital process and is required for application of plant biotechnology. Under in vitro culture condition, shoot meristem can be formed directly or indirectly, depending on the absence or presence of callus as the intermediate status. However, the difference of regulatory mechanisms between the two regeneration types remains unknown. In this study, we established a bi-directional system in which shoots regenerated directly from lateral root primordia (LRP) and indirectly from hypocotyl-derived callus simultaneously. The results based on this system revealed that regulation of WOX11 expression represents the difference between the two regeneration types in two aspects. Firstly, number of founder cells expressing WOX11 is tightly associated with regeneration types. Relatively more founder cells gave rise to callus and produce larger meristem, whereas less founder cells produce LRP that regenerate smaller meristem. Secondly, non-CG DNA methylation specifically regulated WOX11 transcription in LRP and promoted direct shoot regeneration, but had no influence on indirect regeneration. The results provide new insights for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cell fate transition during de novo organogenesis.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221096273 for Acute appendicitis after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report by Yu Liu, Hui Wang, Xiao-Yi Yin, Teng Wang, Jiong Liu, Lin Wu, Liang-Hao Hu and Fang-Yu Wang in Journal of International Medical Research

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221096273 for Acute appendicitis after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report by Yu Liu, Hui Wang, Xiao-Yi Yin, Teng Wang, Jiong Liu, Lin Wu, Liang-Hao Hu and Fang-Yu Wang in Journal of International Medical Research

Shale gas is an unconventional hydrocarbon resource with huge potential. Using geophysical methods to predict “sweet spots” is the key to commercial exploration of shale gas. At present AVO technology is one of most widely used geophysical techniques to find shale gas reservoirs with high abundance. However, the effects of the dispersion of actual mediums are neglected by conventional AVO inversion. Recent experiments have shown that in gas-bearing strata, the dispersion may be rather remarkable. In this paper, we develop a frequency-dependent AVO inversion scheme, which includes seismic dispersion in real rock medium, to predict the “sweet spots” of shale gas reservoirs. Application of the inversion has been made to the shale gas in the south of Jiaoshiba area to test the validity. Comparing the results of the frequency-dependent AVO inversion and well production, we find that regions with high dispersion gradients correlate well with places with high production of shale gas. Therefore we conclude that the frequency-dependent AVO may be a workable approach to detect the “sweet spots” of shale gas reservoirs.

With the rapid development of the times and scientific information technology, we have entered a new era —— digital information age under the background of the 21 century. The advent of the digital information age has promoted the occurrence of a new revolution in the world. The popularization of information technology and intelligent products has broadened the road to the future. Based on this context, our scientific information technology is developing and penetrating in a multi-disciplinary and deeper direction, which triggers a new technological and industrial revolution. Furthermore, if we want to effectively accelerate the further development of social economy and drive the supply-side structural reform in our country, we must pay attention to the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents and keep up with the pace of development of the times. Therefore, in the modern education and teaching activities, we should lay emphasis on stimulate and cultivate the innovative spirit and entrepreneurial consciousness of college students, so as to facilitate the development of innovative entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and help college students to carry out innovative entrepreneurial activities smoothly.

NCCN Guidelines of esophageal cancer recommend that endoscopic therapy is considered “preferred” for patients with limited early-stage disease less than or equal to 2 cm. However, there is currently no definite evidence to support either endoscopic therapy or esophagectomy for early esophageal cancer larger than 2 cm. We aimed to explore the optimal treatment for this condition. From January 2010 to June 2016, 116 patients with early esophageal neoplasia [high-grade dysplasia (HGD), lamina propria and muscularis mucosae (T1a) cancer, selected superficial submucosa (T1b) cancer without lymph node metastases] larger than 2 cm and treated either surgically or endoscopically were included. Endoscopic therapy was performed in 69 patients and esophagectomy in 47 patients, respectively. The median follow-up time was 43.8 months in the endoscopic cohort and 49.4 months in the surgical cohort. The overall survival was similar between the two cohorts (97.1% vs. 91.5%, P = 0.18). Survival without readmission for treatment-related complicates was also similar. Minor and severe procedure-related complications occurred more often in the surgical cohort than in the endoscopic cohort (63.8% vs. 43.5% and 8.5% vs. 0 respectively, P

The microflotation of three single minerals, mixed coal–kaolinite and mixed coal–montmorillonite were examined to study the effects of clay and calcium ions on coal flotation. The results show that the ash content of flotation concentrate increases by 3% in the presence of clay minerals, and the ash content would further increase by 3% in co-presence of clay minerals and high concentration of Ca2+. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and elemental spectrum analysis indicate that fine clay particles that coat on the coal surface, which is called slime coating, can affect the coal flotation. The slime coating would be induced much more easily in the presence of Ca2+. Keywords: Microflotation, Clay, Calcium ions, Slime coating

Background and Aims Endoscopic multiband mucosectomy (EMBM) has been used to treat early Barrett's esophagus and esophagogastric junction neoplasia, yet it is seldom reported for the treatment of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. Here we retrospectively evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of EMBM for early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. Methods A total of 125 patients were included in the study. Lesions were delineated using electrocoagulation and resected using the EMBM technique. The primary outcomes were local recurrence and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were histology of the endoscopic resection specimens, specimen area, and speed of resection. All patients were followed up endoscopically. Results There were 135 esophageal lesions, of which 40 were pathologically diagnosed as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 57 as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 34 as early esophageal cancer, and 4 as squamous epithelium without neoplasia. No severe adverse events were observed, except for 1 perforation, which was treated by application of clips. The median follow-up was 27.75 months. Three patients had local recurrence and were endoscopically treated again. Local recurrence rate was 2.4% (3/125). No deaths occurred during the follow-up. All specimens were visible with a dividing rule, and the mean specimen area was 4.63 cm 2 . Mean operation time was 31.2 ± 17.4 minutes. Mean speed of resection was 6.74 min/cm 2 . Conclusions EMBM seems to be effective and safe for patients with early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. The long-term recurrence rate is low.

Seamus Heaney has reiterated the importance of Gerard Manley Hopkins in shaping his own poetic voice. This essay studies the way Hopkins’s and Heaney’s poetics are related to their Catholic formation. While their sacramental approaches to language and their ideas of grace and self-discipline result in similar linguistic and formal features in their poems, the two poets’ different understandings of the temporality of the world/Word also gives rise to the contrast between Hopkins’s poetic rendering of dynamic, variegated existence and Heaney’s vision of a realm of “verbless” purity. Based on an understanding of the world as everoccurring Incarnation, Hopkins’s poems often foreground a dialogic, transgressive element, trying to capture the vivifying principle of the Word, whereas Heaney’s anxiety to override the contingencies of time gradually lures him to a visionary space where time is momentarily suspended and actions frozen.

An experimental research on magnetic concentrate of a hematite using the anionic reverse flotation technology in the flotation column was conducted. Through systematic studies in the lab, the optimal technological and operational conditions had been obtained as follows: the circulation pressure of 0.055 MPa, the feeding quantity of 160 g/min, the collector dosage of 800 g/t and the starch dosage of 900 g/t. The results show that the iron concentrate with grade of 67.37% can be achieved according to the flow sheet of one roughing and one scavenging under the optimal conditions, and also reflects the advantages of excellent selectivity and high recovery. The application of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column in hematite reverse flotation provides a new approach for hematite reverse flotation in China.

This paper made deep studies on chlorite flotation using anionic/cationic collector, and the following effect factors such as pH,Ca 2+ ,Na 2 S,NaF,Na 2 SiF 6 and (NaPO 3 ) 6 are investigated. In the process of chlorite flotation using oleic acid as anionic collector, pH value increases. The concentration increase of Na 2 S and NaF can activate the chlorite flotation. However, Ca 2+ , Na 2 SiF 6 and (NaPO 3 ) 6 can depress the chlorite flotation. In the process of chlorite flotation using lauryl amine as cationic collector, the maximum recovery of chlorite flotation happened in neutral pH condition, and the concentration increase of Ca 2+ can activate the chlorite flotation; however, NaF and Na 2 SiF 6 can depress the chlorite flotation.

Qianjiaying coke coal slime is extremely difficult to float. Conventional flotation process leads to a massive waste of high quality coal. In this paper, raw coal slime and rough separation concentrate are grinded to improve separation effect. Coal slime grinded directly through rough-cleaning process can get concentrate rate of 52.87% and concentrate ash of 11.27%. In the rough concentrate grinding process, concentrate ash drops to 10.74%, when the concentrate accumulation rate reaches up to 55.53%. Compared with the coal slime direct floatation, the concentrate rate was enhanced by 4.66%, and the ash was decreased by 1.02%. Besides, in the regrinding of middlings flotation, the concentrate rate reaches as high as 68.35% and ash rate is only 11.51%, the production efficiency is greatly improved.

As a result of the exponential growth of the worldwide Internet, satellite systems are used to support broadband Internet access. Existing TCP protocols perform very well for Internet access on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, due to the effects of high bandwidth asymmetry, long propagation delay, high sporadic bit error rate (BER) and burst errors, TCP performance degrades significantly. In this paper, a new end-to-end transport protocol, TP-Satellite, is proposed for satellite IP networks. TP-Satellite replaces the traditional slow start algorithm with a novel super start algorithm. In order to distinguish congestion events from link errors, a new scheme is introduced, which is based on alternate transmission of different class priority packets. Bandwidth asymmetry problems are addressed by the adoption of a modified negative acknowledgement (M-NACK) strategy, which periodically sends M-NACK packets. Simulation results show that TP-Satellite enhances the throughput performance on the forward path, reduces the bandwidth used in the reverse path, and offers a fair share of network resources.

Nano-Sb2O3/mica flame retardant composition is synthesized by colloidal and assembling techniques. The morphology and assembled behavior of nano-Sb2O3 on mica are analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of nano-Sb2O3 and nano-Sb2O3/mica composition are studied by combustion test, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the nano-Sb2O3 particles assembling in nano-Sb2O3/mica composition distribute on the mica surface with smaller size (about 5 nm), higher dispersivity, narrower size distribution and alike shapes, compared with nano-Sb2 O3 prepared by the normal method. The nano-Sb2O 3/mica composition has achieved the same synergistic effects with chlorinated paraffin as nano-Sb2O3, and its flame retardant properties have been improved prominently through decreasing the temperature and combustion reaction rate of the polymer effectively and forming char. When the FRP sample contains about 7wt% nanocomposition (i.e., containing about 0.8 wt% mica), it is self-extinguished once departing from the fire while combusting.

As a result of the exponential growing rate of worldwide Internet usage, satellite systems are required to support broadband Internet applications. The transmission control protocol (TCP) which is widely used in the Internet, performs very well on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, due to the delay and transmission errors, TCP performance degrades significantly and bandwidth of satellite links can not be fully utilized. To improve the TCP performance, a new idea of placing a TCP spoofing proxy in the satellite is considered. A Novel Satellite Transport Protocol (NSTP) which takes advantage of the special properties of the satellite channel is also proposed. By using simulation, as compared with traditional TCPs, the on-board spoofing proxy integrated with the special transport protocol can significantly enhance throughput performance on the high BER satellite link, the time needed to transfer files and the bandwidth used in reverse path are sharply reduced.

We present two entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for arbitrary three-electron W state based on their charges and spins. Different from other ECPs, in both two ECPs, with the help of the electronic polarization beam splitter (PBS) and charge detection, the less-entangled W state can be concentrated into a maximally entangled state only with some single charge qubits. The second ECP is more optimal than the first one, for by constructing the complete parity check gate, the second ECP can be used repeatedly to further concentrate the less-entangled state and obtain a higher success probability. Therefore, both the ECPs, especially the second one may be useful in current quantum information processing., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

We describe an entanglement purification protocol (EPP) for atomic entangled pair using photonic Faraday rotation. It is shown that after the two single photons input-output process in cavity QED, the high quality entangled atomic state can be obtained from the low quality mixed entangled atomic states. Different from other EPPs, the two pairs of mixed states do not need to intact directly. As the photonic Faraday rotation works on the low-Q cavities, this EPP is useful in both quantum communication and computation., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

With the devepment of network and multimedia technology, the network and multimedia teaching have become a kind of teaching means with high-efficiency and good effects. The physical chemistry network teaching system adopting XHTML+ CSS+ASP+java-script+XML+ACCESS techniques has built a kind of Web platform based on data,which can satisfy the physics chemistry teaching course, remote learning, the teaching-studing interaction and so on. The pages were formed by DIV+CSS techniques to separate surface layer from structure layer. The system is composed of eight parts including school teaching system, experiment coach, tutorship answer, homework exercises, graduate garden plot, field development, remote teaching, hotspot links and six assistant parts. It is designed and presented using website with the text, picture, flash, video and so on. The system is characterized with easy use and management, extremely expansivity, stability, safety, high-efficiency and so on.

Mineral processing plant design curriculum is innovated ceaselessly so as to improve the education quality and to bring students up the engineering diathesis and design competence through the courses, teaching material, experiment, practice in plants, and scientific research. The computer multimedia technic plays a important role in the curriculum innovating. In practice, a serial research, named APPLYING COMPUTER MULTIMEDIA TO A SET OF TEACHING LINKS is carried out. The computer multimedia is applied to compiling the teaching material, classroom teaching, classroom-work, practice after classroom, graduation project and second classroom, which have made great progress.

We propose a protocol for directly measuring the concurrence of a two-qubit electronic pure entangled state. To complete this task, we first design a parity-check measurement (PCM) which is constructed by two polarization beam splitters (PBSs) and a charge detector. By using the PCM for three rounds, we can achieve the concurrence by calculating the total probability of picking up the odd parity states from the initial states. Since the conduction electron may be a good candidate for the realization of quantum computation, this protocol may be useful in future solid quantum computation.

An entangled coherent state (ECS) is one type of entanglement, which is widely discussed in the application of quantum information processing (QIP). In this paper, we propose an entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) to distill the maximally entangled W-type ECS from the partially entangled W-type ECS. In the ECP, we adopt the balanced beam splitter (BS) to make the parity check measurement. Our ECP is quite different from the conventional ECPs. After performing the ECP, not only can we obtain the maximally entangled ECS with some success probability, but also we can increase the amplitude of the coherent state. Therefore, it is especially useful in long-distance quantum communication, if the photon loss is considered.

We propose an efficient entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) based on electron-spin cluster states assisted with single electrons. In the ECP, we adopt the electron polarization beam splitter (PBS) and the charge detector to construct the quantum nondemolition measurement. According to the result of the measurement of the charge detection, we can ultimately obtain the maximally entangled cluster states. Moreover, the discarded items can be reused in the next round to reach a high success probability. This ECP may be useful in current solid quantum computation.

A broad band polarization-independent reflector working in the telecommunication C+L band is proposed using the guided mode resonance effect of a periodic surface relief element deposited by a layer of silicon medium. It is shown that this structure can provide high reflection (R > 99.5%) and wide angular bandwidth (θ ≈ 20°, R > 98%) for both TE and TM polarizations over a wide spectrum band 1.5 μm~1.6 μm. Furthermore, it is found by rigorous coupled wave analysis that the polarization-independent reflector proposed here is tolerant of a deviation of grating thickness, which makes it very easy to fabricate in experiments.

According to synchrotron radiation theory, we derive the absorption coefcient, emission coefficient, and the emission intensity from relativistic electrons in the plasma under the different kinds of magnetic fields. Furthermore, we study the maser effect of the synchrotron radiation. The effects of two kinds of magnetic fields are investigated, the first kind is a curved magnetic field, but its strength is homogenous. The other is a dipole magnetic field. We find some special characteristics in the dipole magnetic field. Because of the uncertainty of the energy distribution spectrum of electrons, we choose three typical energy distribution spectra, namely the power law spectrum, Gauss spectrum and thermal spectrum. By calculating the emission intensity, we find the maser effect of synchron-curvature radiation under several kinds of astronomical condition. It is clearly shown that the maser emission of the synchrotron radiation does exist in plasma environment. These results could give some explanations for the atmospheric radiation of planets and might be helpful to solve the problems of the high brightness temperature of some radio sources.

We have set up Optical Lens Data Rase on VAX-8600 computer, compiled base management software and query software. filled up the data of typical lens over one thousand and optical material over one thousand kinds,and shall extend OLDB unceasingly. It is proved by test and use that WA performance is reliable, opertion is convenient, so that OLEW provides a kind of modern means raising design level, reducing repeated work, shortening research period for the worker of optical design. Optical Lens Data lase (OHO that is set up on the VAX-8600 computer is a kind of modern beans serving resear(h, education, production efficiently with summing-up, regulating and recordi rat, oplical design result last many years, collecting the lens data of high quality. It is beneficial to change the aspect of separating data for oplical design, stopping-up information and the situation for repeated work without the neressiiy. It has significant science value and socity benefit. Setting up 01,1)11 is also a branch subject of a main subject for "expert system of opthal instrument", and a important basis. After expert system is successfully developed, it is very beneficial to reducing person labour intensity, raising design quality, speeding up design rate of progress, shortening production period and reducing production cost, so that we have set up OLDB on VAX-8600 computer and its primary mould has basically been finished.