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This study aims to use the three-dimensional (3D) mixed-reality model of liver, entailing complex intrahepatic systems and to deeply study the anatomical structures and to promote the training, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.Vascular perfusion human specimens were used for thin-layer frozen milling to obtain liver cross-sections. The 104-megapixel-high-definition cross sectional data set was established and registered to achieve structure identification and manual segmentation. The digital model was reconstructed and data was used to print a 3D hepatic model. The model was combined with HoloLens mixed reality technology to reflect the complex relationships of intrahepatic systems. We simulated 3D patient specific anatomy for identification and preoperative planning, conducted a questionnaire survey, and evaluated the results.The 3D digital model and 1:1 transparent and colored model of liver established truly reflected intrahepatic vessels and their complex relationships. The reconstructed model imported into HoloLens could be accurately matched with the 3D model. Only 7.7% participants could identify accessory hepatic veins. The depth and spatial-relationship of intrahepatic structures were better understandable for 92%. The 100%, 84.6%, 69% and 84% believed the 3D models were useful in planning, safer surgical paths, reducing intraoperative complications and training of young surgeons respectively.A detailed 3D model can be reconstructed using the higher quality cross-sectional anatomical data set. When combined with 3D printing and HoloLens technology, a novel hybrid-reality navigation-training system for liver surgery is created. Mixed Reality training is a worthy alternative to provide 3D information to clinicians and its possible application in surgery. This conclusion was obtained based on a questionnaire and evaluation. Surgeons with extensive experience in surgical operations perceived in the questionnaire that this technology might be useful in liver surgery, would help in precise preoperative planning, accurate intraoperative identification, and reduction of hepatic injury.

Al/steel dissimilar welds were obtained by friction stir lap welding (FSLW) with an Al interlayer, which was fabricated by friction surfacing (FS). In present study, the tool pin was totally plunged into the Al plate and interlayer without stirring steel, which avoided the tool wear. The Al plate and interlayer were remarkably intermixed as pin length increased. A diffusion layer, instead of the intermetallic layer, was found at the Al/steel interface, indicating the enhanced atomic migration and related interfacial bonding. The maximum failure load of the joints of 2.8 kN was reached when the 2.5 mm pin tool was used. The heterogeneous microstructure, which was caused by the intermixing, was responsible for the fracture, according to the fracture profiles. Necking and dimples were depicted from the fractographies, indicating that the joints were failed by plastic fracture. Keywords: Al/steel dissimilar joining, Friction surfacing, Friction stir welding, Microstructure, Mechanical properties

Vehicle running state adaptive unscented Kalman filter soft-sensing algorithm is put forward in this paper based on traditional UKF which can estimate vehicle running state parameters and suboptimal Sage-Husa noise estimator which can effectively solve the problem of noises varying with time. Meanwhile 3-DOF dynamic model of vehicle and HSRI tire model are established. So vehicle running state can be accurately estimated by fusing the low-cost measurement information of longitudinal and lateral acceleration and handwheel steering angle. Under the typical working condition, AUKF soft-sensing algorithm is verified with substantial vehicle tests. Comparing with UKF soft-sensing algorithm, the result indicates AUKF soft-sensing algorithm has a good performance in robustness and is able to realize the effective estimation of vehicle running state more precisely than UKF soft-sensing algorithm.

A novel dew point evaporative cooling tower (DPECT) based on M-cycle was constructed and its cooling performance such as outlet water temperature, precooled air temperature and wet bulb effectiveness were experimentally investigated. The impact of different inlet conditions, such as arrangement methods of fills (vertical or horizontal arrangement of tubes), air-to-water ratio, inlet air conditions (dry bulb temperature and relative humidity) and inlet water temperature were also examined. Results showed that the wet bulb effectiveness of tubes that vertically arranged in DPECT was up to 0.97, which was 5% higher than that horizontally displaced, indicating that the vertical arrangement of tubes was recommended for engineering application. Moreover, it is recommended that the air-to-water ratio should be around 1.26. Under the condition of dry bulb temperature 30 °C, 30% relative humidity and inlet water temperature 30 °C, the DPECT can achieve wet bulb effectiveness of up to 1.10. It was confirmed that the novel DPECT could reduce the outlet water temperature below the wet bulb temperature of ambient air. Based on the experimental study, a feasible modification scheme to traditional industrial cooling tower was proposed. The study confirmed high practical potential of using M-Cycle in water cooling applications.

Compactifications of 6d N=(1,0) SCFTs give rise to new 4d N=1 SCFTs and shed light on interesting dualities between such theories. In this paper we continue exploring this line of research by extending the class of compactified 6d theories to the D-type case. The simplest such 6d theory arises from D5 branes probing D-type singularities. Equivalently, this theory can be obtained from an F-theory compactification using "-2"-curves intersecting according to a D-type quiver. Our approach is two-fold. We start by compactifying the 6d SCFT on a Riemann surface and compute the central charges of the resulting 4d theory by integrating the 6d anomaly polynomial over the Riemann surface. As a second step, in order to find candidate 4d UV Lagrangians, there is an intermediate 5d theory that serves to construct 4d domain walls. These can be used as building blocks to obtain torus compactifications. In contrast to the A-type case, the vanishing of anomalies in the 4d theory turns out to be very restrictive and constraints the choices of gauge nodes and matter content severely. As a consequence, in this paper one has to resort to non-maximal boundary conditions for the 4d domain walls. However, the comparison to the 6d theory compactified on the Riemann surface becomes less tractable., v2: 33 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, added discussion of unitarity violating gauge invariant operators, typos corrected, matches JHEP version

In this study, we mainly focus on the structural morphology and inter-atomic bonding state of tribofilms resulting from a highly-hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) film in order to ascertain the underlying mechanisms for its superlubric behavior (i.e., less than 0.01 friction coefficient). Specifically, we achieved superlubricity (i.e., friction coefficients of down to 0.003) with this film in dry nitrogen and argon atmospheres especially when the tribo-pair is made of an a-C:H coated Si disk sliding against an a-C:H coated steel ball, while the a-C:H coated disk against uncoated ball does not provide superlubricity. We also found that the state of superlubricity is more stable in argon than in nitrogen and the formation of a smooth and uniformly-thick carbonaceous tribofilm appears to be one of the key factors for the realization of such superlubricity. Besides, the interfacial morphology of sliding test pairs and the atomic-scale bond structure of the carbon-based tribofilms also play an important role in the observed superlubric behavior of a-C:H films. Using Raman spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, we have compared the structural differences of the tribofilms produced on bare and a-C:H coated steel balls. For the a-C:H coated ball as mating material which provided superlow friction in argon, structural morphology of the tribofilm was similar or comparable to that of the original a-C:H coating; while for the bare steel ball, the sp2-bonded C fraction in the tribofilm increased and a fingerprint-like nanocrystalline structure was detected by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We also calculated the shear stresses for different tribofilms, and established a relationship between the magnitude of the shear stresses and the extent of sp3-sp2 phase transformation.

Superlubricity of graphite and graphene has aroused increasing interest in recent years. Yet how to obtain a long-lasting superlubricity between graphene layers, under high applied normal load in ambient atmosphere still remains a challenge but is highly desirable. Here, we report a direct measurement of sliding friction between graphene and graphene, and graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) under high contact pressures by employing graphene-coated microsphere (GMS) probe prepared by metal-catalyst-free chemical vapour deposition. The exceptionally low and robust friction coefficient of 0.003 is accomplished under local asperity contact pressure up to 1 GPa, at arbitrary relative surface rotation angles, which is insensitive to relative humidity up to 51% RH. This ultralow friction is attributed to the sustainable overall incommensurability due to the multi-asperity contact covered with randomly oriented graphene nanograins. This realization of microscale superlubricity can be extended to the sliding between a variety of two-dimensional (2D) layers., Superlubricity can be unstable in graphene systems, especially under high applied loads. Here the authors use microspheres uniformly coated by graphene to measure friction between 2D materials and show that superlow friction is preserved for long periods of time under high loads and various atmospheres.

Schistura notasileum, new species Figs. 1, 2, 3 Holotype. KIZ 2016000361, 56.2 mm SL; China: Yunnan Prov.: Dali Pref.: Yunlong City: Jiuzhou town; Mekong main channel; 25��47.980'N, 99��12.018'E, elevation 1320 m; collected by Endruweit, M., Liu, S.W. & Yang, S.Z., 27���28 February 2016. Paratypes. KIZ 2016000356-358, 360, 362, 5 specimens, 52.7���57.6 mm SL; ASIZB 204679-204682, 4, 49.0��� 56.8 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Schistura notasileum is distinguished from its congeners by having a color pattern of 10���13 rather regular, dark gray bars; bar at caudal-fin base complete; pectoral-fin rays 12���13; vertebrae 37���38; eye diameter 6.5���7.2 times in HL; interorbital space 2.8���3.8 times in HL; pre-anus length 69���71% SL; body depth 12���14% SL (7.1���8.5 times in SL); caudal-peduncle depth 9���10% SL (9.7���10.8 times in SL), and a suborbital lobe in the male. Description. See Figure 1 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data. Body predorsally cylindrical, postdorsally laterally compressed; elongated, its depth 7.1���8.5 times in SL. Maximum body depth slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle shallow, its depth 1.4���1.6 times in its length, with low, inconspicuous ventral, adipose crest supported by procurrent caudal-fin rays. Axillary pelvic lobe present, posteriorly free. Anus located considerably far anteriorly, at 1.9���2.5 times eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Snout pointed. Cheeks not inflated. Head width constantly increasing from nostril to posterior edge of operculum. Eye small; located dorsolaterally, not reaching dorsal profile when viewed laterally, not visible when viewed abdominally. A small, inconspicuous, rounded suborbital lobe in the male (Fig. 2). Interorbital space flat, wide. Anterior nostril a flap-like tube, not pierced. Mouth (Fig. 3) inferior, gape 1.4���1.7 times wider than long. Lips thin, smooth; upper lip feebly, lower lip deeply notched. Upper jaw with low, pointed processus dentiformis; lower jaw spoon-like, not notched. Inner rostral barbel reaching rictus, outer reaching vertical through anterior rim of orbit, maxillary surpassing posterior rim of orbit. Vertebrae 37���38 [37]; 23���24 [23] abdominal and 14 caudal. Gas bladder in ossified capsule; dumbbell-shaped; no secondary chamber. Gastrointestinal tract with simple, U-shaped stomach; intestines with single bend immediately after stomach. Largest recorded length 57.6 mm SL, 68.4 mm TL (KIZ 2016000360). Body fully and densely covered by very small, cycloid scales; breast sparsely scaled. Lateral line complete, reaching caudal-fin base, with 120���140 pores. Cephalic lateralis system with 7 supraorbital, 4+10 infraorbital, 10 preoperculomandibular and 3 supratemporal pores. Ratios SL/HL 4.5 4.3 4.2���4.5 0.1 Caudal-peduncle length/depth 1.5 1.5 1.4���1.6 0.1 SL/body depth 7.6 7.7 7.1���8.5 0.4 SL/caudal-peduncle length 7.0 6.9 6.3���7.3 0.3 SL/caudal-peduncle depth 10.8 10.4 9.7���10.8 0.4 HL/snout length 2.1 2.4 2.1���2.6 0.2 HL/eye diameter 6.5 6.8 6.5���7.2 0.3 HL/interorbital space 3.0 3.1 2.8���3.8 0.3 Length of upper caudal lobe/length of median caudal rays 1.5 1.5 1.4���1.6 0.0 Interorbital space/eye diameter 2.2 2.2 1.8���2.6 0.3 Dorsal fin with 4 simple and 8�� branched rays; distal margin straight. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5�� branched rays; distal margin straight; not reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal fin forked, with 9+8 branched rays; lobes equal, weakly pointed. Pelvic fin with 8���9 [9] rays, not reaching anus, inserted at about opposite of last simple dorsal-fin ray; fourth ray longest; distal margin convex. Pectoral fin with 12���13 [13] rays, reaching about halfway distance to pelvic-fin origin; fifth ray longest; distal margin convex. Coloration of preserved specimens. Dorsal half of body and head light gray, ventral half white. Body with 10���13 broad, dark gray bars, wider than interspaces, superimposed by conspicuous, broad, black stripe along midline of flank. Bars rather regular and usually interconnected over dorsum, not reaching ventral midline. Bar at caudal-fin base conspicuous, black, complete, not reaching extremities. Abdomen and lower side of head devoid of any mark; isthmus and mandible with yellow hue. Operculum with a broad, black bar interconnected over occiput. Snout with black mark running straight from origin of inner rostral barbel to nostril. Dorsal fin with conspicuous, black spot at base of last simple and first branched ray, with 2 dark gray, transverse bands on light gray ground. Caudal fin with 2���3 dark gray, transverse bands on light gray ground. Other fins white and devoid of any mark. Life coloration unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Ecology. The type series of Schistura notasileum was obtained by using baited traps that were left over night in a water depth of about 10 m on the ground of the Mekong main channel. Coexisting fish species were Triplophysa brevicauda, Schizopyge lissolabiata, Schizothorax lantsangensis, Abbottina rivularis, Pseudorasbora parva, and Glyptothorax zanaensis. The turbid, green-brownish, slowly moving water had a temperature of 11 ��C, a pH of 8.3, and a conductivity of 510 ��S/cm. Schistura notasileum was absent in typical Schistura habitats like small gravelly tributaries or along the banks of the main channel. Etymology. Named after the kingdom of Nanzhao that was centered in Dali and flourished during the 8th and 9th centuries. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek notio vasileio, a transcription of Southern Kingdom or Nanzhao; latinized; a noun in apposition. Discussion. Schistura notasileum is a member of Schistura as defined by Kottelat (1990). It is easily recognized in the field since it is the only nemacheilid in the Chinese part of the Mekong drainage that possesses a suborbital lobe except Physoschistura shuangjiangensis (Zhu & Wang 1985; Chen et al. 2010) from which S. notasileum is readily distinguished by the barred (vs. mottled) color pattern, secondary chamber of gas bladder absent (vs. present), and preanus length 69���71% SL (vs. 71���74). Even if the geographical scope is extended to river drainages adjacent to the Mekong, the number of reported species of Schistura sharing a barred color pattern and a suborbital lobe remains small: S. maepaiensis and S. mahnerti, both reported from the Salween drainage in Thailand. Another species from Thailand that fits into this group is S. bella reported from downstream in the Mekong (Kottelat 1990). In all major river drainages to the East, namely the Yangtze, Pearl, Red, and Ma rivers, nemacheilid loaches fitting into this group are absent or have not been reported. Schistura bella, S. maepaiensis and S. mahnerti resemble each other in general appearance and morphology. They share a dissociated (vs. complete in S. notasileum) bar at the caudal-fin base; nostril flap pierced (vs. not pierced); anus located about 1���1.5 (vs. 1.9���2.5) eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin; and a pelvic fin reaching to (vs. failing to reach) the anus. In addition, S. notasileum is distinct in pre-anus length: 69���71% SL (vs. 71���75 in S. bella; 69���75 in S. maepaiensis; 70���74 in S. mahnerti); body depth: 12���14% SL (vs. 16���19; 16���23; 17���21); and depth of caudal peduncle: 9���10% of SL (vs. 11���12; 12���13; 13���15). Schistura notasileum is also easily told apart from other barred Schistura that have been reported downstream in the Mekong or from adjacent drainages in China: S. breviceps, S. kengtungensis, S. latifasciata, S. longa, S. pseudofasciolata and S. sexnubes (Zhu 1982; Zhu & Wang 1985; Kottelat 1990; Zhou & Cui 1993; Endruweit 2014a). None of these species has a suborbital lobe in the male; however, there are some similarities with S. notasileum. Schistura notasileum shares a rather elongated body, a shallow caudal peduncle, a small eye, and a wide interorbital space with S. longa from the Salween drainage but differs in having 12���13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 10���11), 37���38 vertebrae (vs. 38���40), flank bars rather regularly (vs. conspicuously thinner in front of the dorsal fin), and lateral head length 4.2���4.5 times SL (vs. 4.5��� 4.9). The new species shares a small eye and a wide interorbital space with S. pseudofasciolata from the upper Yangtze but differs in having a scaled body (vs. scaleless), 12���13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 10���11), a pre-anus length of 69���71% SL (vs. 71���73), and body depth 7.1���8.5 times in SL (vs. 5.9���6.9). Schistura notasileum shares 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays, and a wide interorbital space with S. breviceps from the Mekong, but differs from it in having the tip of the lower jaw continuous (vs. notched), lateral head length 4.2���4.5 times in SL (vs. 3.8���4.3), maximum head width 1.4���1.5 times in dorsal head length (vs. 1.2���1.4), eye diameter 6.5���7.2 times in HL (vs. 5.4���6.5), and caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���1.6 times in its length (vs. 1.0���1.4). The new species shares a barred body pattern that is superimposed by a midlateral stripe, and a complete lateral line with both, S. kengtungensis and S. latifasciata from the Mekong. Schistura notasileum is distinct in having 12���13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 11���12 in S. kengtungensis; 9���10 in S. latifasciata), caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���1.6 times in its length (vs. 1.2���1.4; 1.1���1.3), body depth 7.1���8.5 times in SL (vs. 6.3���7.1; 5.3���6.4), and interorbital space 2.8���3.8 times in HL (vs. 3.0���3.4; 3.9���5.2). Schistura notasileum shares modally 9 pelvic-fin rays and an elongated body with S. sexnubes from the Mekong, but is distinct in having the bar at the caudal-fin base complete (vs. dissociated into two parts) branched caudal-fin rays 9+8 (vs. 8+8), lateral head length 22���24% SL (vs. 21���22), eye diameter 6.5���7.2 times in HL (vs. 4.1���5.6), and interorbital space 2.8���3.8 times in HL (vs. 3.7���4.4). The type locality of S. notasileum represents the northernmost boundary of the distribution of Schistura within the Mekong. Comparative material. All material is from China. Physoschistura shuangjiangensis: EPC 1665-71, 7 specimens, 32.7���55.2 mm SL; Yunnan: Lincang: Gengma; Mekong: Xiaoheijiang River. EPC 4807-16, 10, 29.1���53.0 mm SL; Yunnan: Lincang: Shuangjiang; Mekong: Mengmenghe River. Schistura amplizona: KIZ 2010003103-3109, 3236-3238, 10, 50.1���73.8 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menglun; Mekong: Luosuojiang River. KIZ 2012004193-4197, 5, 48.6��� 68.4 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Nanlahe River. KIZ 2012004198-4199, 2, 63.0���71.0 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengxing; Mekong: Nanxinghe River. Schistura bannaensis: KIZ 200107, holotype, 42.5 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Nanlahe River. Schistura breviceps: EPC 1737-1784, 48, 45.5���65.1 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong; Mekong: Nankenhe River. KIZ 2010003168-3172, 5, 43.9���61.7 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong; Mekong: Mengyanghe River. Schistura kengtungensis: KIZ 2010003162-3167, 6, 58.8���64.2 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menghai; Mekong: Nan���ahe River. KIZ 2012004247, 1, 57.4 mm SL; Yunnan: Puer: Lancang; Mekong: Nanlanhe River. EPC 1705-1707, 3, 58.2���64.2 mm SL; Yunnan: Puer: Lancang; Mekong: Mengkudahe River. Schistura kloetzliae: EPC 0 753, 1, 49.6 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Mozhehe River. EPC 0 894, 1, 39.1 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menglun; Mekong: Luosuojiang River. KIZ 2010003114-3119, 6, 37.1���48.8 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla: Mekong: Nanxinghe River. KIZ 2015000102-106, 5, 45.0��� 53.4 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Nanguahe River. Schistura latifasciata: KIZ 1995000895-902, 8, 43.2���52.5 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Nanlahe River. KIZ 2012001496-1497, 2, 49.2���66.7 mm SL; Yunnan: Puer: Lancang; Mekong: Heihe River. KIZ 2009001430-1435, 2, 66.2���70.6 mm SL; Yunnan: Puer: Jinggu; Mekong: Xiaoheijiang River. Schistura longa: KIZ 2012004016-4034, 19, 45.2���71.6 mm SL; Yunnan: Nujiang: Fugong; Salween. Schistura macrocephalus: EPC 0650-652, 3, 62.0��� 70.3 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menglun; Mekong: Luosuojiang River. EPC 0729-752, 24, 45.0��� 91.7 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Nanyanhe River. EPC 1589, 1, 58.2 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Luosuojiang River. KIZ 2010003010-3018, 3091, 2010003110, 3134-3136, 2015000175-176, 16, 58.2���84.4 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla: Mekong: Nanxinghe River. KIZ 2010003159-3161, 3, 58.7���61.5 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla: Mekong: Nanmuwo River. KIZ 2012004163-4164, 2, 53.2���86.0 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla; Mekong: Buyuanjiang River. Schistura porthos: KIZ 2010003019-3032, 3085-3090, 2010003120-3126, 2015000172-174, 30, 50.8���67.0 mm SL; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla: Mekong: Nanxinghe River. Schistura pseudofasciolata: KIZ 1990003958, holotype, 68.9 mm SL; KIZ 1990003959, 4243, 2, paratypes, 57.5��� 66.8 mm SL; Sichuan: Huidong; Yangtze: Canyu River. Schistura sexnubes: KIZ 2011000101, holotype, 33.4 mm SL; KIZ 2011000102-105, 4, paratypes, 28.8���37.4 mm SL; Yunnan: Lincang: Shuangjiang; Mekong: Mengmenghe River., Published as part of Endruweit, Marco, Yang, Junxing & Liu, Shuwei, 2016, A new river loach from the main channel of the upper Mekong in Yunnan (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), pp. 594-600 in Zootaxa 4168 (3) on pages 595-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.13, http://zenodo.org/record/264593, {"references":["Kottelat, M. (1990) Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches (Pisces: Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Viet Nam. Pfeil, Munchen, 262 pp.","Zhu, S. Q. & Wang, S. H. (1985) The noemacheiline fishes from Yunnan Province, China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 10, 208 - 220. [in Chinese]","Chen, X. Y., Pan, X. F. & Yang, J. X. (2010) Fishes. In: Wang, J., Du, F. & Yang, Y. M. (Eds.), Survey and Research on the Upper Mekong River Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 373 - 407. [in Chinese]","Zhu, S. Q. (1982) Five new species of fishes of the genus Nemachilus from Yunnan Province, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7, 104 - 111. [in Chinese]","Zhou, W. & Cui, G. H. (1993) Status of the scaleless species of Schistura in China, with description of a new species (Teleostei: Balitoridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 4, 81 - 92.","Endruweit, M. (2014 a) Schistura sexnubes, a new diminutive river loach from the upper Mekong basin, Yunnan Province, China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae). Zoological Research, 35, 59 - 66."]}

In this work, we report the transfer-free measurement of carrier dynamics and transport of direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene on glass with the aid of ultrafast transient absorption microscopy (TAM) and demonstrate the use of such graphene glass for high-performance touch panel applications. The 4.5 in.-sized graphene glass was produced by an optimized CVD procedure, which can readily serve as transparent conducting electrode (TCE) without further treatment. The graphene glass exhibited an intriguing optical transmittance and electrical conductance concurrently, presenting a sheet resistance of 370–510 Ω·sq–1 at a transmittance of 82%, much improved from our previous achievements. Moreover, direct measurement of graphene carrier dynamics and transport by TAM revealed the similar biexponential decay behavior to that of CVD graphene grown on Cu, along with a carrier mobility as high as 4820 cm2·V–1·s–1. Such large-area, highly uniform, transparent conducting graphene glass was assembled t...

Fault diagnosis has great significance in industrial robots. The Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm SCARA is a widely used robot in the industry. In this paper, SCARA robot is taken as an example to do fault diagnosis. The electromechanical actuator model of SCARA was built to simulate typical faults, laying the foundation for the diagnose work. Then based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Hidden Markov Model HMM, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed. A maximum likelihood estimator is derived to evaluate the fault. Finally, experiment is done to verify the accuracy of the fault diagnosis method.

The Fuxian golden line ( Sinocyclocheilus tingi ) is a famous fish endemic to Fuxian Lake. From March to April 2009, four breeding experiments were undertaken. 40 females and 20 males were injected with hormones. 19 females and 15 males bred successfully, accounting for 47.5% of females and 75.0% of males. A total of 25 547 eggs were obtained and subjected to dry-fertilization, with 16 810 eggs being fertilized with a 65.8% success rate. 6 040 larvae were obtained with a 23.6% hatching rate. 3 056 larvae survived 20 days of cultivation with a 50.6% survival rate. Reproductive dysfunctions are major constraining factors to low Induced spawning of S. tingi in a captive environment. Artificial conditions that did not reflect the necessary natural environment of the fish may have also been a factor. This paper also addresses the issue of massive larvae mortality. Determining the constraints of artificial propagation is critical to the transfer of this species into cultivation fish. The presented success in propagation of S. tingi will contribute to understanding its biology and protection from extinction.