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Simple summarySomatic and germline aberrations in homologous recombinant repair (HHR) genes are associated with increased incidence and poor prognosis for prostate cancer. Through next-generation sequencing of prostate cancer patients across all clinical states from north China, here the authors identified a somatic mutational rate of 3% and a germline mutational rate of 3.9% for HRR genes using 200 tumor tissues and 714 blood specimens. Thus, mutational rates in HRR genes were lower compared with previous studies.BackgroundHomologous recombination repair deficiency is associated with higher risk and poorer prognosis for prostate cancer. However, the landscapes of somatic and germline mutations in these genes remain poorly defined in Chinese patients, especially for those with localized disease and those from north part of China. In this study, we explore the genomic profiles of these patients.MethodsWe performed next-generation sequencing with 200 tumor tissues and 714 blood samples from prostate cancer patients at Peking University First Hospital, using a 32 gene panel including 19 homologous recombination repair genes.ResultsTP53, PTEN, KRAS were the most common somatic aberrations; BRCA2, NBN, ATM were the most common germline aberrations. In terms of HRR genes, 3% (6/200) patients harbored somatic aberrations, and 3.8% (28/714) patients harbored germline aberrations. 98.0% (196/200) somatic-tested and 72.7% (519/714) germline tested patients underwent prostatectomy, of which 28.6% and 42.0% had Gleason scores ≥8 respectively. Gleason scores at either biopsy or prostatectomy were predictive for somatic aberrations in general and in TP53; while age of onset ConclusionsOur results showed a distinct genomic profile in homologous recombination repair genes for patients with prostate cancer across all clinical states from north China. Clinicians may consider to expand the prostate cancer patients receiving genetic tests to include more individuals due to the weak guiding role by the clinical factors currently available.

Pan-sharpening is an effective method to obtain high-resolution multispectral (MS) images by fusing panchromatic (PAN) images with fine spatial structure and low-resolution MS images with rich spectral information. Many methods have been recently developed based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for pan-sharpening, which try to achieve better fusion performance using a large amount of training data. The huge demand for data of CNN-based methods results in huge pressure on transmission and storage conditions. Especially, PAN images occupy the main amount of data space because of whose spatial resolution is usually four times that of the corresponding MS images, which limits the application of pan-sharpening. We propose a CNN-based pan-sharpening method for compressed remote sensing to overcome this limitation, which can achieve pan-sharpening based on compressed data while eliminating compression artifacts. Specifically, we use compressed PAN images as the input and remove the compression artifacts, then fuse the PAN and MS images to achieve pan-sharpening. This method can greatly reduce the data capacity by data compression and ensure the pan-sharpening performance. Compared with the widely used state-of-the-art pan-sharpening approaches in a comprehensive evaluation, our method can obtain more promising results on compressed remote sensing images, and its superiority is thus demonstrated.

Nowadays, at present, there are many kinds of researches and applications of CPS or IoT based on wireless technology. However, in some specific occasions where wireless communication is used as a means of communication for internal equipment, such as medium-sized UAVs and driverless vehicles, it has many problems in safety, high speed and stability. Moreover, the existing wired communication modes, such as FlexRay RS485 and CAN, are difficult to meet the modern requirements of high-speed real-time communication and remote direct memory access. Unified Model Bus (UM-BUS) is a dynamic reconfigurable high-speed serial bus which is designed to solve these problems in distributed compute and control system in CPS or IoT applications. Based on these elements, this paper proposes a design of encoding arbitration and interrupt request in UM-BUS controller which is used to capture signals of access or other interrupt events. Because of the encoding arbitration and interrupt request method, "device access interrupt" process can be added in UM-BUS interrupt controller after a synchronous package was sent by the Master node with time synchronizing function. And thus, it means that when the process is completed, the system has a basic communication condition of low speed, under which the bus system can start a low-precision synchronization, and after the completion of the low-precision synchronization condition, the system has the ability of lane detection. Ultimately, the addition of interrupt simplifies the original design of UM-BUS controller hierarchically and divisionally by the means of the proposed design.

Radical generation in rice starch under microwave treatment as well as the related chemical bond changes were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Raman spectroscopy. Samples with water activity of 0.4 and 0.7 have been treated and analyzed. It was found that microwave power level and water content could influence the amount of radicals along with the radical components and their contribution. Raman spectra showed corresponding changes in vibrational features of chemical bonds. During storage the signal intensity started to drop after a short period of increase. Rice starch radicals were relatively stable and could exist a long time in room temperature. Through signal simulation, 3 main components were separated from the original spectra and the evolving process was investigated. The main component was the radical located on C1 position in the glucose ring.