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Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 or CD77) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen implicated in several types of cancer that serves as a potential cancer marker for developing target-specific diagnosis and therapy. However, the development of Gb3-targeted therapeutics has been challenging due to its carbohydrate nature. In the present work, taking advantage of its natural pentamer architecture and Gb3-specific targeting of shiga toxin B subunit (StxB), we constructed a pentameric antibody recruiting chimera by site-specifically conjugating StxB with the rhamnose hapten for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. The Sortase A-catalyzed enzymatic tethering of rhamnose moieties to the C terminus of Stx1B and Stx2B had very moderate effect on their pentamer architectures and thus the resultant conjugates maintained the potent ability to bind to Gb3 antigen both immobilized on an assay plate and expressed on colorectal cancer cells. All StxB-rhamnose constructs were capable of efficiently mediating the binding of rhamnose antibodies onto HT29 colorectal cancer cells, which was further shown to be able to induce cancer cell lysis by eliciting potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in vitro. Finally, the best StxB-rhamnose conjugate, i.e. 1B-3R, was confirmed to be able to inhibit the colorectal tumor growth using a HT29-derived xenograft murine model. Taken together, our data demonstrated the potential of repurposing StxB as an excellent multivalent scaffold for developing Gb3-targeted biotherapeutics and StxB-rhamnose conjugates might be promising candidates for targeted immunotherapy of Gb3-related colorectal cancer.

Additional file 2. Supplementary Methods.

Additional file 1. Specific surgical procedures for robot-assisted/laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy.

In speech translation, leveraging multimodal data to improve model performance and address limitations of individual modalities has shown significant effectiveness. In this paper, we harness the complementary strengths of speech and text, which are disparate modalities. We observe three levels of modality gap between them, denoted by Modal input representation, Modal semantic, and Modal hidden states. To tackle these gaps, we propose \textbf{F}use-\textbf{S}peech-\textbf{T}ext (\textbf{FST}), a cross-modal model which supports three distinct input modalities for translation: speech, text, and fused speech-text. We leverage multiple techniques for cross-modal alignment and conduct a comprehensive analysis to assess its impact on speech translation, machine translation, and fused speech-text translation. We evaluate FST on MuST-C, GigaST, and newstest benchmark. Experiments show that the proposed FST achieves an average 34.0 BLEU on MuST-C En$\rightarrow$De/Es/Fr (vs SOTA +1.1 BLEU). Further experiments demonstrate that FST does not degrade on MT task, as observed in prior works. Instead, it yields an average improvement of 3.2 BLEU over the pre-trained MT model.

The Origin-Destination~(OD) networks provide an estimation of the flow of people from every region to others in the city, which is an important research topic in transportation, urban simulation, etc. Given structural regional urban features, generating the OD network has become increasingly appealing to many researchers from diverse domains. However, existing works are limited in independent generation of each OD pair, i.e., flow of people from one region to another, overlooking the relations within the overall network. In this paper, we instead propose to generate the OD network, and design a graph denoising diffusion method to learn the conditional joint probability distribution of the nodes and edges within the OD network given city characteristics at region level. To overcome the learning difficulty of the OD networks covering over thousands of regions, we decompose the original one-shot generative modeling of the diffusion model into two cascaded stages, corresponding to the generation of network topology and the weights of edges, respectively. To further reproduce important network properties contained in the city-wide OD network, we design an elaborated graph denoising network structure including a node property augmentation module and a graph transformer backbone. Empirical experiments on data collected in three large US cities have verified that our method can generate OD matrices for new cities with network statistics remarkably similar with the ground truth, further achieving superior outperformance over competitive baselines in terms of the generation realism., Comment: 11 pagers, 5 figures

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures 1-19.

Acinetobacter baumannii poses a serious threat to human health, mainly because of its widespread distribution and severe drug resistance. However, no licensed vaccines exist for this pathogen. In this study, we created a conjugate vaccine against A. baumannii by introducing an O-linked glycosylation system into the host strain. After demonstrating the ability of the vaccine to elicit Th1 and Th2 immune responses and observing its good safety in mouse a model, the strong in vitro bactericidal activity and prophylactic effects of the conjugate vaccine against infection were further demonstrated by evaluating post-infection tissue bacterial loads, observing suppressed serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, the broad protection from the vaccine was further proved via lethal challenge with A. baumannii. Overall, these results indicated that the conjugate vaccine could elicit an efficient immune response and provide good protection against A. baumannii infection in murine sepsis models. Thus, the conjugate vaccine can be considered as a promising candidate vaccine for preventing A. baumannii infection.

Currently, no specific therapeutics are available for foodborne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections that cause severe gastroenteritis and life-threatening complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). As STEC attachment to intestinal epithelium might increase the host absorption of Shiga toxins and severity of the disease, we were inspired to develop a bispecific neutralizer capable of blocking its Shiga toxin and adhesin intimin simultaneously. Two nanobodies against the B subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2B) and the C terminus of Intimin (IntC280) were genetically fused together as the bispecific neutralizer, and it can be efficiently produced in a conventional E. coli expression system. We demonstrated that each of the nanobody modules in the bispecific format showed increased antigen binding capability and was able to functionally neutralize the binding of Stx2B or IntC280 to the respective host receptors even in the presence of the two virulence factors together. Moreover, the bispecific neutralizer was relatively stable to harsh storage conditions and gastrointestinal pH extremes. Taking into account its easy and economical production and superior pharmaceutical properties, we believe that a nanobody-based bispecific neutralizer would be more favorable and practical to be developed as a therapeutic to fight STEC in the developing world.

Additional file 3: Figure S1. The distribution of 17 included screens which focused on investigating the regulators of immune cell-mediated killing among different screening types, library types, organisms, and algorithms. Figure S2. Results of Functional similarity analysis. Figure S3. Distribution of up- (red) and down- (blue) regulated genes (between tumor tissues and adjacent tissues) of sensitizers and resistors across different TCGA cancer types. Figure S4. The ratio between the inactivation event numbers of sensitizers and resistors. Figure S5. Functional characterization of sensitizers and resistors in each cancer type. Figure S6. Experimental validation of the function of MON2. Figure S7. The overall characterization of MON2. Figure S8. Relationship between MON2 and microsatellite instability (MSI). Figure S9. Comparison of the performance for predicting response to immunotherapy between CTIS and 14 published signatures in pretreatment datasets. Figure S10. Characterization of CTIS in TCGA Pan-Cancer cohort. Figure S11. Summary of ICB-treated CRISPR screens.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 3: Figure S1. The distribution of 17 included screens which focused on investigating the regulators of immune cell-mediated killing among different screening types, library types, organisms, and algorithms. Figure S2. Results of Functional similarity analysis. Figure S3. Distribution of up- (red) and down- (blue) regulated genes (between tumor tissues and adjacent tissues) of sensitizers and resistors across different TCGA cancer types. Figure S4. The ratio between the inactivation event numbers of sensitizers and resistors. Figure S5. Functional characterization of sensitizers and resistors in each cancer type. Figure S6. Experimental validation of the function of MON2. Figure S7. The overall characterization of MON2. Figure S8. Relationship between MON2 and microsatellite instability (MSI). Figure S9. Comparison of the performance for predicting response to immunotherapy between CTIS and 14 published signatures in pretreatment datasets. Figure S10. Characterization of CTIS in TCGA Pan-Cancer cohort. Figure S11. Summary of ICB-treated CRISPR screens.

Additional file 1. Supplemental Materials and Methods.

BackgroundImmunotherapy plays an increasingly critical role in the systemic treatment of HCC. This current study aimed to establish a novel prognostic predictor of Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) independent of Child-Pugh grade.MethodsOur study screened patients with HCC who received PD-1 inhibitors at Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2018 to December 2020. ALG grade was determined by the patient’s serum ALP and GGT levels before the initiation of PD-1 inhibitors. The endpoints of our study were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Follow-up ended at May 31, 2022.ResultsEighty- five patients (77 with Child−Pugh grade A, 8 with Child−Pugh grade B at baseline) were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Patients with Child−Pugh grade A achieved longer PFS and OS than those with Child−Pugh grade B. Patients with ALG grade 3 at baseline showed worse tumor response and poorer survival, and ALG grade could stratify patients with Child−Pugh grade A into subgroups with significantly different prognosis.ConclusionsALG grade, combining ALP and GGT, is a novel and readily available prognostic marker and the predictive effect of ALG grade on patient prognosis is independent of Child−Pugh grade.

Background Depressive disorder (DD) has become a global health problem. Applications of Chinese medicine have been demonstrated to be potential in the treatment of DD. Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (TSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula is widely used to treat ameliorate anemia, liver and heart dysfunctions, and inflammation. Such symptoms are also associated with DD. Hence, our initial hypothesis was to observe and explore the targets of the effect of TSD on DD. Methods The DD model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats. The measurements of body weight and behavioral tests were performed to confirm the success of modeling and observe the effect of TSD on the model animals. A gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis was conducted to reveal the metabolic characteristics related to the curative effect of TSD. Serum serotonin and arginase I (Arg I), which are associated with the key feature metabolites responsible for the effect of TSD on depression, were assessed by an ELISA assay. Proteins in the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling, which lead to the regulations of Arg I, were analyzed using Western blot assay. Results Body weight losses and increased immobility durations in the behavioral tests were observed in the CUMS rats while such features were attenuated in the TSD-treated rats. General decreases in serum amino acids and energetic metabolites were found in CUMS rats. Significant increased ornithine and urea, the products of arginase degradation, were also characterized in the DD-mimicked rats. These metabolic dysregulations were reversed in the TSD-treated groups. Upregulated Arg I and downregulated serotonin were observed in the model group but the dysregulations were improved in the TSD-treated groups. Compared with the blank control, lower expressions of BDNF, TrkB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p-ERK, and CREB were found in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. Expressions of the proteins were restored in all the TSD-treated groups. Conclusions TSD improves depression-like symptoms in CUMS rats, which may be primarily related to its effect both on enhancing the release of neural transmitters such as glycine and serotonin and on the improvement of disorders of the BNDF-CREB-Arg I axis.

The traditional power grid dispatching fault detection method has low detection efficiency and accuracy due to the lack of uncertainty in modeling. Aiming at the above problems, a multi-level cooperative fault detection method based on artificial intelligence technology is studied. After the preliminary processing of the dispatching data, the multilevel fault detection architecture is established. BP neural network is used to realize the multi-level cooperative detection of scheduling faults in the multi-level detection architecture. Through simulation experiment, it is proved that the failure rate and false detection rate of the proposed method are far lower than those of traditional methods, and the method has high stability and advantages.

The U-type ground heat exchanger is a significant component of the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, transferring heat from the soil for the air conditioning requirements. Heat accumulation becomes a common problem for the practical application of such systems in southern China. Moreover, the buried pipes containing heat exchangers are constructed in a group form, making the heat accumulation situation more severe and complex. A 3-dimensional simulation model of a 9-well buried pipe group was established and validated by a thermal response test conducted in Nanjing, China. On the basis of this model, the influence of underground seepage water temperature and flow rate on thermal distribution was investigated. Subsequently, the heat transfer capacity of single-well depth in a heat exchanger under varying conditions was calculated. It is concluded that a serious heat accumulation occurs without groundwater seepage. With seepage flow, the heat accumulation can be dissipated. Lower seepage temperature has a modestly beneficial effect on the heat dissipation. The heat accumulation can be better dissipated and the heat transfer capacity per well depth can be improved with greater seepage flow rate.

Providing efficient human mobility services and infrastructure is one of the major concerns of most mid-sized to large cities around the world. A proper understanding of the dynamics of commuting flows is, therefore, a requisite to better plan urban areas. In this context, an important task is to study hypothetical scenarios in which possible future changes are evaluated. For instance, how the increase in residential units or transportation modes in a neighborhood will change the commuting flows to or from that region? In this paper, we propose to leverage GMEL, a recently introduced graph neural network model, to evaluate changes in commuting flows taking into account different land use and infrastructure scenarios. We validate the usefulness of our methodology through real-world case studies set in two large cities in Brazil., Comment: Presented at the 10th International Workshop on Urban Computing, 2021

The intraday generation schedule based on ultra-short term load forecasting has been implemented in an actual power grid. The output power instructions of units are issued through the automatic generation control system. During operation, the execution delay of the output instruction is found to have a great impact on the implementation effect. The delay of a unit is not fixed and the influencing factors are complex, so it is difficult to accurately obtain the delay. A method for estimating the average execution delay is proposed. The data of output instructions and actual outputs in a recent period are collected, and the components of the time scale of the intraday schedule are filtered. The cross correlation coefficients of the output instructions and the actual outputs under different delays are obtained. The delay corresponding to the maximum of the correlation coefficients is the average delay. Improvement suggestions considering the delay are presented. The scheduled instruction curve of a unit is moved forward with the amount of the average delay, and then the negative impact of delay is reduced by issuing instructions in advance. The method can effectively reduce the deviations between the actual outputs and the scheduled outputs, and improve the implementation effect of the intraday generation schedule.

The design and fabrication of novel organic-inorganic nanocomposite membranes using metal-organic frameworks as building blocks have attracted numerous scientists. Here, HKUST-1 particles were decorated on crosslinked polymer nanofibers through a layer-by-layer method. The immersion sequence, the crosslinking and the number of the deposition cycles have a significant impact on the formation of the HKUST-1 decorated nanofibrous membranes. Moreover, it has been shown that such a membrane could be applied as a catalyst for visual detection of hydrogen peroxide.

The determination of overburden failure volume is a great challenge because of the complexity and concealment of mining fractures. Taking the 61,601 working face of Longwanggou Coal Mine as the engineering background, this paper established a two-dimensional model of 3000 mm × 200 mm × 1350 mm (length × width × height) in the laboratory. By adopting the Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) technology, considering the fiber deformation and the coordination of rock strata, Of deformation and damage state of overburden strata above the mined-out area, discusses the strata deformation partitioning features and characteristics of fiber optic monitoring strain curve partition interaction relations, is derived based on the above theoretical calculation formula of the rock damage volume, comparing the calculated results with measured results, verify the accuracy of volume calculation formula of mined-out area. The results show a good correspondence between the strain zoning characteristics monitored by optical fiber and the deformation zoning characteristics of overburden. Based on considering the discordant deformation between the overlying rock mass and the optical fiber sensor, the range and degree of overlying mining rock can be obtained through the inversion of the horizontal optical fiber monitoring results to reflect the position and degree of rock strata movement and deformation with the optical fiber. By analyzing the development process of the vertical fiber optic strain curve, it can be found that the rock strata with different propelling distances and different heights bear different tensile stresses, which have remarkable range characteristics. By comparing the results of the calculation model proposed in this paper with the monitored values of the model, it is found that the void volume size of goaf is the same, and the relative error is less than 9%. The results show that the model is reliable in calculating the failure volume of overburden rock in goaf.

Deconvolution is the most commonly used image processing method to remove the blur caused by the point-spread-function (PSF) in optical imaging systems. While this method has been successful in deblurring, it suffers from several disadvantages including being slow, since it takes many iterations, suboptimal, in cases where experimental operator chosen to represent PSF is not optimal. In this paper, we are proposing a deep-learning-based deblurring method applicable to optical microscopic imaging systems. We tested the proposed method in database data, simulated data, and experimental data (include 2D optical microscopic data and 3D photoacoustic microscopic data), all of which showed much improved deblurred results compared to deconvolution. To quantify the improved performance, we compared our results against several deconvolution methods. Our results are better than conventional techniques and do not require multiple iterations or pre-determined experimental operator. Our method has the advantages of simple operation, short time to compute, good deblur results and wide application in all types of optical microscopic imaging systems. The deep learning approach opens up a new path for deblurring and can be applied in various biomedical imaging fields.

Objectives Acinetobacter baumannii is considered an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide owing to its increasing antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the complete genome sequence of A. baumannii strain A1296 and to perform a comparative analysis among A. baumannii. Methods The complete genome sequence of A. baumannii A1296 was sequenced on two SMRT cells using P6C4 chemistry on a PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) RS II instrument. The A1296 genome sequence was annotated using Prokaryotic Genome Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP), and the sequence type and resistance genes of the strain were analysed. Results Here we present the complete genome sequence of A. baumannii strain A1296, belonging to a novel sequence type (ST1469) and isolated from patient in China, that was sensitive to multiple antibiotics. The genome of A. baumannii A1296 was 3 810 701 bp in length, including one circular chromosome and two plasmids. The tet(39) resistance gene was located on the small plasmid in this A. baumannii strain. Conclusions The genome sequence of A. baumannii strain A1296 can be used as a reference sequence for comparative analysis aimed at elucidating the acquisition, dissemination and mobilisation of resistance genes among A. baumannii.

Exploring event sequences by defining queries alone or by using mining algorithms alone is often not sufficient to support analysis. Analysts often interweave querying and mining in a recursive manner during event sequence analysis: sequences extracted as query results are used for mining patterns, patterns generated are incorporated into a new query for segmenting the sequences, and the resulting segments are mined or queried again. To support flexible analysis, we propose a framework that describes the process of interwoven querying and mining. Based on this framework, we developed MAQUI, a M ining A nd Q uerying U ser Interface that enables recursive event sequence exploration. To understand the efficacy of MAQUI, we conducted two case studies with domain experts. The findings suggest that the capability of interweaving querying and mining helps the participants articulate their questions and gain novel insights from their data.

This paper aims at proposing a new fatigue life estimation model that is preferably adapted to welded joints subjected to multiaxial loading. First, a mesh-size insensitive structural stress is defined that enables to characterize the stress concentration effect appropriately. Second, the multiaxial stress state and loading path influence are taken into account in the lifetime prediction model by adopting a suitable critical plane method, originally proposed by Carpinteri and co-authors. Experimental verification is conducted for a given welded joint geometry under different loading conditions, including uniaxial, torsional and multiaxial loads. The reliability and effectiveness of the new method are validated through substantive fatigue testing data.

Sulfidization followed by xanthate flotation is an effective technique to recover copper oxide minerals. However, the sulfidization mechanism of malachite has not been determined. In this work, the sulfidization mechanism was investigated by microflotation, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flotation results showed that sulfide ions at an appropriate concentration could activate malachite flotation while excess sulfide ions could depress this. The depression of malachite flotation by excess sulfide ions was attributed to the residual sulfide species in the liquid. FESEM–EDS showed that sulfidization product grown on the malachite surface was heterogeneously distributed, which was consistent with the EPMA results. The XRD results for the sulfidized malachite samples showed that the amount of sulfidization product was insufficient for detection under flotation-related conditions. By the selective solvent action of sulfuric acid, the sulfidization product was extracted from the sulfidized malachite. The XRD results for the extracts indicated that the sulfidization product comprised djurleite (Cu31S16) and anilite (Cu7S4), which both were compounds of the chalcocite group (Cu2−xS), suggesting transformation of solid Cu2(OH)2CO3 to Cu2−xS on the malachite surfaces during sulfidization. Moreover, the XPS results were consistent with the XRD results. These results demonstrated that sulfidization of malachite is a phase-transition process driven by the solubility difference between Cu2(OH)2CO3 and Cu2−xS. In this case, Cu2−xS phases formation on malachite involves heterogeneous nucleation and growth, and sulfide ions act as a reductant and sulfidizing agent in malachite sulfidization. The copper sulfide grown on malachite radically changed the surface properties of malachite particles, rendering malachite amenable to xanthate flotation. Based on these findings, we present a new formula for malachite sulfidization and a schematic diagram of the sulfidized malachite particle.

Sulfidization followed by xanthate flotation is an extensively used method for recovering the lead oxide minerals. However, there is a debate about the sulfidization mechanism of cerussite. In this work, the sulfidization mechanism was investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The OM, SEM-EDS and AFM results indicated that many microspheres grew on the cerussite particle surfaces to form a high-density sulfidization product layer after sulfidization, which changed the color, optic character, electrical conductivity and surface morphology of cerussite particles. The XRD results for the sulfidized cerussite samples showed that the sulfidization product layer was too thin to be detected. By the selective solvent action of acetic acid, the sulfidization product was extracted from the sulfidized cerussite particles. The XRD pattern interpreted that the sulfidization product were galena (PbS) phase, which provided the strongest proof for the generation of PbS on the cerussite surfaces. Moreover, the crystallite size of PbS calculated by the Scherer formula was in nanoscale. The EPMA analysis showed that the oxygen element was localized in the interior section, whereas the sulphur element was occurred in the outer surfaces of the particle. The aforementioned results demonstrated that after cerussite sulfidization, the mineral particles have a lead carbonate (PbCO3) core and a lead sulfide (PbS) shell. These findings also demonstrated that the sulfidization reaction is a heterogeneous reaction of solid phase (cerussite particles) with an aqueous solution (sodium sulfide solution) in which the solid reaction product adheres to the cerussite surface. From another point of view, the sulfidization process is a crystallization process including the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of PbS.

Sulfidization can greatly improve the flotation performance of lead oxide minerals. To provide deeper knowledge about this process, sulfidization of cerussite was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM). XPS results clearly indicated a transformation of PbCO3 into PbS on the cerussite surfaces during sulfidization, which was consistent with ToF-SIMS results. Further, FESEM images showed that many nanoparticles grew on the cerussite at a high density, suggesting that the sulfidization product on the cerussite was not a monatomic layer but a solid polyatomic layer. The above results confirmed that PbS nanoparticles could grow on most of the surfaces of cerussite under flotation-related conditions, indicating that the sulfidized cerussite had a PbCO3/PbS core-shell structure. The formation of PbS nanoparticles on cerussite involved a heterogeneous nucleation step followed by growth of the nuclei. Based on these studies, a sulfidization process model was finally obtained.

In this paper, a set of dynamic handling control system based on Fanuc robot is designed and studied, in which the conveyor line positioning mechanism, industrial robot and stability mechanism are connected together by Siemens 1500 PLC as the main control unit. The machine vision and Fanuc robot tracking function are used to make dynamic visual photographs of the robot, which compensates for the deviation of the hanging rod and increases the success rate of the moving product. The monotonous and repeated manual labor can be solved, and the production efficiency and production quality of the enterprise can be improved by replacing the artificial handling with the robot handling.

The initiation of fatigue cracks in a TiB2-reinforced high-modulus, low-density steel was revealed by in-situ scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The results show that the superior interfacial strength between the TiB2 particles and the matrix prevents the initiation of micro-cracks at the interfaces. Fatigue micro-cracks are mainly induced by the brittle fracture of small eutectic TiB2 particles, while the coalescence of these micro-cracks plays the major role in the fatigue failure. This failure mechanism is essentially different from the static tensile failure mode in which the large primary TiB2 particles are the main source of fracture failure.

In the test engineering relating to the displacement, the capacitive gate sensor has been widely used because of its high cost performance, small volume and good adaptive capacity to the environment. A scheme about receiving and processing the output signals from capacitive gate sensor is introduced to achieve long-distance monitoring. By using the DSP (TMS320LF2407) as the core processor,the circuit is designed to complete processing the serial signal from the sensor by interrupt algorithm in software, and experiment result shows the design is feasible. Due to the circuit design with advantages including the few omponents, high speed processing, good reliability and easily programming, it posses a certain practical value in harsh working environment.

The frequency shift track circuit is usually used to transmit the information needed by the normal operation of electric locomotive. Frequency shift track circuit requires more equipment, and its parameter debugging is more troublesome.In addition, the workload of the frequency shift track circuit is large, and it is not easy to find fault when the equipment fails. The railway train catenary carrier technology can simplify the equipment needed for the communication of electric locomotive.The utility model has the advantages of small volume, easy to find fault, and low cost.

The combustion and NO emission characteristics of Shenmu coal and char were investigated with a thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) system and on a pilot platform of a 2 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB), respectively. Unlike Shenmu coal, the disadvantages of Shenmu char combustion include late ignition, poor combustion stability, and poor burnout. Despite its well-developed pore structure, there is less volatile content and more carbon crystal for Shenmu char, resulting in lower combustion reactivity compared to Shenmu coal. The combustion of Shenmu char has a higher dependence upon the combustion temperature, and it improves when the combustion temperature exceeds 900 °C. NO emission from the combustion of Shenmu char decreases with an increase in the combustion temperature, which is in contrast with the combustion of Shenmu coal. However, with an increase in the excess air ratio and a decrease in the secondary air ratio and the height of the secondary air port, NO emission from the combustion o...

The particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive weight and Newton-Raphson method are studied to connect the distributed energy to the grid in this paper. We will discuss the research status of the current stage of the project. The basic principles and processes of particle swarm optimization algorithm and Newton-Raphson method are expounded, and their improvement and combination are made (as well as their improvement and combination ) so that they can optimize reactive power for networks with distributed energy better. Then the improved algorithm is applied to the IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 models and the reconstruction results are analyzed. The network loss and reactive power of the reconstruction network are declined, the voltage quality is improved. The SIMULARTOR software is used to establish and calculate the power flow of original model and reconstruction model of IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 respectively. The economic factors with grid supply point and connected capacity are analyzed to obtain the best ratio of power system at the same time. Compared with the above results, the results are basically consistent, and the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm are verified. Finally, considering the economic factors of the system, adjusting the connected capacity of the distributed energy-wind power and photovoltaic, and obtaining the best access ratio (proportion), the economical efficiency of the system is improved, and it has referential value.

In an interconnection, frequency error and interchange power errors on tie lines are two sorts of important indices reflecting the control performance. However, these two indices may be impacted when a DC transmission line is put into operation, or an AC tie line fault occurs. In this paper, a method for evaluating the impacts is proposed, based on the theory of Area Control Error (ACE). First, the impact in the worst situation is figured. Then, we propose a model for simulating the ACE in the case when a DC tie line is put into operation, or an AC tie line fault occurs, using which we can evaluate the long-term effect. Finally, a numerical simulation is done. Compared with the real data, it shows that the method has a good performance for evaluating the impact of DC interconnecting or AC tie line fault.

This article designed a bandgap voltage reference source with a low temperature drift, high power supply rejection ratio for the TCXO chips , and design the sensitive reaction of thermal protection circuit is used to protect TCXO chips. The structure of self-biased currentsource and differential operational amplifier is used in thebandgap reference, And the over temperature protectioncircuit controlled oscillator on or off by a NPN transistorto detection the circuit current.The simulation results show that the range of the voltageoutput is not more than 0.78 mV when the temperaturechanges at -40 to 125, The power supply rejection ratio inthe circuit is as high as 95dB; the oscillator is turned offWhen the temperature is greater than 150 degrees,and it'srestart when the temperature is less than 130 degrees, andit turn off needs less than 0.071 S, restart needs less than0.064 S. The circuit can provide a stable reference andgood temperature protection effect, which has greatpractical value for the TCXO chip.

Micro arc oxidation (MAO) coating was first fabricated on AZ91 biomedical magnesium alloy and followed by surface laser treating. Effects of laser treating on surface characteristics of MAO coating were studied. The results indicated that after surface laser treating, the micro pores on MAO coating surface became fewer and smaller. The whole surface became more unique and compact. The surface quality of MAO coating was improved.

Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnolol on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or magnolol 1 h before intranasal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 7 h after LPS administration, the myeloperoxidase in lung tissues, lung wet/dry weight ratio and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The extent of phosphorylation of nuclear factor of inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκB-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) were detected by western blot. The results showed that magnolol markedly attenuated the histological alterations in the lung; reduced the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; decreased the wet/dry weight ratio of lungs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; down-regulated the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6; inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α, NF-κB p65 and the expression of TLR4, caused by LPS. Taken together, our results suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of magnolol against the LPS-induced acute lung injury may be due to its ability of inhibition TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Magnolol may be a promising potential therapeutic reagent for acute lung injury treatment.

In Suining, there are lots of reserves of oil, natural gas and well salt, especially the most abundant resources are those of natural gas and brine, having broad prospects for mining. There exist flowing yellow brine and rock-salty deposits. Brine geological reserve volume has reached 4.24 billion tons, for the exploitation of 848 million tons, and salt content is more than 70 million tons. The amount of brine resources in Suining is large and decreased from northwest to southeast.

Moving object segmentation directly from compressed video stream is a challenging task in video signal processing community. A novel moving object detection algorithm for H.264/AVC stream is presented in this paper. Firstly, a series of operations, including spatial-temporal normalization, bidirectional accumulation, median filtering and thresholding magnitudes, are conducted on the raw motion vector (MV) field so as to gain a robust MV field, which can indicate the moving region reliably. Then global motion compensation in compressed domain is implemented if there exist global motion caused by camera. Finally, the macroblock coded mode with variable size is combined with the temporal information to locate the foreground object. Its effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated in our experimental results. The main advantage of the algorithm lies in its robustness and real-time performance.

GPCRs are physiologically significant receptors linked to numerous diseases including cardiovascular disease, mental illness, and cancer. Inhibiting the interaction between a GPCR and its G-protein blocks the ability of the receptor to initiate a signal in a cell. G Protein active sites control nearly all G protein functions and determine the interactions upon which G protein signaling pathways are built. Characterization of the active sites in G protein or GPCRs would therefore lead to new methods of controlling G proteins and ultimately controlling cells. This paper use fuzzy evolutionary trace method to analyze the binding sites of G Protein and finally give an example.

In order to investigate the therapeutic effects of ear acupuncture, body acupuncture and the combined use of the two in the treatment of simple obesity, 195 cases of obesity were divided into three groups, in which different reinforcing and reducing methods were applied according to their symptoms and signs. The effects of body acupuncture and body plus ear acupuncture were obviously superior to that of ear acupuncture, and the combined use of ear acupuncture and body acupuncture was better than that of simple body acupuncture.

Cross-study validation and combined analysis of microarray data is critical in genomic analysis. With so much genetic expression data being produced by microarrays in the study of cancer, knowing the extent to which these studies agree can provide valuable insight. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore used Pearson correlation coefficient to develop a system for performing cross-study comparisons of gene expression profiles, found in three separate lung cancer studies, for validation and integration. This paper presents a vector cosine angle method to validate and analyze cross-study of microarray data for cancer and compare the robust of cross-study vector cosine angle validation with that of cross-study Pearson correlation validation. Results show it is effective and robust.