Search

Your search keyword '"Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund]"' showing total 19 results
Start Over Author "Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund]" Language undetermined
19 results on '"Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund]"'

1. Glial Endozepines Reverse High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Enhancing Hypothalamic Response to Peripheral Leptin

Author

Guenievre Roussel, Bruno Lebrun, Vincent Prevot, Michel Dallaporta, Marie-Christine Tonon, Damien Lanfray, André Jean, Manon Duquenne, Florent Guillebaud, Jean-Denis Troadec, Seddik Riad, Mehdi Djelloul, Jérôme Leprince, Clément Pierre, Kevin Poirot, Stéphanie Gaigé, Fabrice Morin, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Cell Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Physiologie et physiopathologie du système nerveux somato-moteur et neurovégétatif (PPSN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], and ANR-16-CE14-0011,EZICROM,Rôle des endozépines dans la régulation centrale normale et pathologique du métabolisme énergétique(2016)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MAPK/ERK pathway, medicine.medical_specialty, Endozepine, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Context (language use), [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Biology, Energy homeostasis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Leptin receptor, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Insulin, Leptin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Neurology, chemistry, Hypothalamus, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Research on energy homeostasis has focused on neuronal signaling; however, the role of glial cells has remained little explored. Glial endozepines exert anorexigenic actions by mechanisms which remain poorly understood. In this context, the present study was designed to decipher the mechanisms underlying the anorexigenic action of endozepines and to investigate their potential curative effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity. We carried out a combination of physiological, pharmacological, and molecular analyses together to dissect the underlying mechanisms of endozepine-induced hypophagia. To evaluate the potential anti-obesity effect of endozepines, different model of obesity were used, i.e., ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice. We show that the intracerebral administration of endozepines enhances satiety by targeting anorexigenic brain circuitry and induces STAT3 phosphorylation, a hallmark of leptin signaling. Strikingly, endozepines are entirely ineffective at reducing food intake in the presence of a circulating leptin antagonist and in leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob) but potentiate the reduced food intake and weight loss induced by exogenous leptin administration in these animals. Endozepines reversed high fat diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake and restored leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus. Interestingly, we observed that glucose and insulin synergistically enhance tanycytic endozepine expression and release. Finally, endozepines, which induce ERK activation necessary for leptin transport into the brain in cultured tanycytes, require tanycytic leptin receptor expression to promote STAT3 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus. Our data identify endozepines as potential anti-obesity compounds in part through the modulation of the LepR-ERK-dependent tanycytic leptin shuttle.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Heat flux reconstruction by inversion of experimental infrared temperature measurements – Application to the impact of a droplet in the film boiling regime

Author

Jean-François Pierson, Guillaume Castanet, Ophélie Caballina, William Chaze, Fabrice Lemoine, Denis Maillet, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Materials science, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, Leidenfrost effect, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Drop impact, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Boiling point, Heat flux, 0103 physical sciences, Heat transfer, Thermal, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

An Inverse Heat Conduction Problem (IHCP) is considered in order to estimate the transient heat flux extracted from a hot solid surface by an impinging droplet. The resolution of the IHCP is made with the so-called quadrupole method, which provides an analytical expression of the temperature and the heat flux at the front surface of the solid wall, where the drop impact takes place. In the experiments, the thermal response of the front surface is recorded using IR thermography. For that, sapphire is chosen as the material of the solid wall, and the front surface is coated with a thin TiAlN ceramic layer (thickness of 300 nm). The latter is highly emissive and opaque in the IR while sapphire is transparent at the same wavelengths. This feature allows the surface impacted by the droplet to be viewed from the bottom by the IR camera. This approach has been implemented to gain some insights into the heat transfer from the solid surface as well as the formation and growth of the vapor film, which appears under the droplet in the regime of film boiling, when the solid temperature is much higher than the boiling temperature of the liquid. Due to the small thickness of the vapor film, heat conduction is predominant in the vapor layer. Hence, the thickness of the vapor film can be deduced from the value of the reconstructed local heat flux, assuming a linear profile of temperature between the liquid interface of the droplet at the saturation temperature and the solid surface measured by IR thermometry.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. P-Tevolution of Precambrian eclogite in the Sveconorwegian orogen, SW Sweden

Author

Pavel Pitra, Charlotte Möller, Lorraine Tual, Department of geology, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 61-1420/2010, Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, 20110817, Crafoordska Stiftelsen, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental crust, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, Geology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Kyanite, Matrix (geology), Nappe, Precambrian, Tectonics, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Baltica, Eclogite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Conditions of the prograde, peak-pressure and part of the decompressional P–T path of two Precambrian eclogites in the eastern Sveconorwegian orogen have been determined using the pseudosection approach. Cores of garnet from a Fe-Ti-rich eclogite sample record a first prograde and syn-deformational stage along a Barrovian geothermal gradient from ~670 °C and 7 kbar to 710 °C and 8.5 kbar. Garnet rims grew during further burial to 16.5-19 kbar at ~850-900 °C, along a steep dP/dT gradient. The pseudosection model of a kyanite-bearing eclogite sample of more magnesian bulk composition confirms the peak conditions. Matrix reequilibration associated with subsequent near-isothermal decompression and partial exhumation produced plagioclase-bearing symplectites replacing kyanite and clinopyroxene and is estimated at 850-870 °C and 10-11 kbar. The validity of the pseudosections is discussed in detail. It is shown that in pseudosection modelling the fractionation of FeO in accessory sulphides may cause a significant shift of field boundaries (here displaced by up to 1.5 kbar and 70 °C) and must not be neglected. Fast burial, exhumation and subsequent cooling are supported by the steepness of both the prograde and the decompressional P–T paths as well as the preservation of garnet growth zoning and the symplectitic reaction textures. These features are compatible with deep tectonic burial of the eclogite-bearing continental crust as part of the underthrusting plate (Eastern Segment, continent Baltica) in a collisional setting that led to an effectively doubled crustal thickness and subsequent exhumation of the eclogites through tectonic extrusion. Our results are in accordance with regional structural and petrological relationships, which demonstrate foreland-vergent partial exhumation of the eclogite-bearing nappe along a basal thrust zone and support a major collisional stage at c. 1 Ga. We argue that the similarities between Sveconorwegian and Himalayan eclogite occurrences emphasize the modern style of Grenvillian-aged tectonics.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo

Author

Andrea L. Richardson, Anne Lise Børresen-Dale, Christos Sotiriou, Benita Kiat Tee Bk Tan, Laura Van't Veer, Andrew Tutt, Mia Petljak, David C. Wedge, Michael R. Stratton, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Carlos Caldas, Åke Borg, Raheleh Rahbari, Inigo Martincorena, Alastair M Thompson, Henk Stunnenberg, Sancha Martin, Stian Knappskog, Marc J. van de Vijver, John W.M. Martens, Colin A. Purdie, Nikita Patel, Sarah O’Meara, Naoto T. Ueno, Peter J. Campbell, Matthew Me Hurles, Christopher Alder, Paul N. Span, Jorunn E. Eyfjord, Torril Sauer, Manasa Ramakrishna, Anthony Fullam, Steve Gamble, Helen Davies, S. Pinder, Alain Viari, Dilip Giri, Serena Nik-Zainal, Young Seok Ju, Moritz Gerstung, Sunil R. Lakhani, Medical Oncology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], University of Oslo (UiO), Akershus University Hospital [Lørenskog], King’s Health Partners Cancer Biobank [London], Guy's Hospital [London], Department of Pathology [Dundee], Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], BioCare [Lund], Department of Oncology and Pathology [Lund], Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Department of Molecular Biology [Nijmegen], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), National Cancer Centre Singapore, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, London Institute of Cancer, Department of Breast Medical Oncology [Houston], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center [San Francisco], Department of Medical Oncology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Institut Jules Bordet [Bruxelles], Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Bergen (UiB), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Cancer Research [Oslo], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Equipe de recherche européenne en algorithmique et biologie formelle et expérimentale (ERABLE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Baobab, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Caldas, Carlos [0000-0003-3547-1489], Nik-Zainal Abidin, Serena [0000-0001-5054-1727], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Pathology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mutation rate, Somatic cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, Germ-Line Mutation/genetics, Mutation Rate, Human embryogenesis, Embryonic Development/genetics, Blood Cells/metabolism, Genetics, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, Genome, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Mosaicism, Embryo, Mammalian/cytology, Embryo, Human, Adult, General Science & Technology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Embryonic Development, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Germline mutation, Cell Lineage/genetics, Underpinning research, medicine, Humans, Cell Lineage, Gene, Molecular Biology, Germ-Line Mutation, Blood Cells, Genome, Human, Mammalian, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Human Genome, Embryo, Mammalian, Embryonic stem cell, Human genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Mutagenesis, Genome, Human/genetics, Generic health relevance, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

International audience; Somatic cells acquire mutations throughout the course of an individual's life. Mutations occurring early in embryogenesis are often present in a substantial proportion of, but not all, cells in postnatal humans and thus have particular characteristics and effects. Depending on their location in the genome and the proportion of cells they are present in, these mosaic mutations can cause a wide range of genetic disease syndromes and predispose carriers to cancer. They have a high chance of being transmitted to offspring as de novo germline mutations and, in principle, can provide insights into early human embryonic cell lineages and their contributions to adult tissues. Although it is known that gross chromosomal abnormalities are remarkably common in early human embryos, our understanding of early embryonic somatic mutations is very limited. Here we use whole-genome sequences of normal blood from 241 adults to identify 163 early embryonic mutations. We estimate that approximately three base substitution mutations occur per cell per cell-doubling event in early human embryogenesis and these are mainly attributable to two known mutational signatures. We used the mutations to reconstruct developmental lineages of adult cells and demonstrate that the two daughter cells of many early embryonic cell-doubling events contribute asymmetrically to adult blood at an approximately 2:1 ratio. This study therefore provides insights into the mutation rates, mutational processes and developmental outcomes of cell dynamics that operate during early human embryogenesis.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Floristic diversity in the transition from traditional to modern land-use in southern Sweden a.d. 1800–2008

Author

Lovisa Zillén, Mats Rundgren, Per Lagerås, Florence Mazier, Anna Broström, Daniel Fredh, Department of Geology, Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Swedish National Heritage Board, Swedish National Heritage Board-Swedish National Heritage Board, and Gil, Emilie

Subjects
Pollen analysis, Land-use transition, Archeology, REVEALS model, Land use, Ecology, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Palaeontology, Paleontology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Plant Science, Ecological succession, Floristic diversity, Quantitative reconstruction, Diversity index, Deciduous, Species evenness, Dominance (ecology), Species richness, Physical geography, Arable land, Ecosystem management
Abstract

International audience; We aim to provide a long-term ecological analysis of land-use and floristic diversity in the transition from traditional to modern land-use management in the time A.D. 1800-2008 in southern Sweden. We use the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model to quantify land-cover changes on a regional scale at 20-year intervals, based on the fossil pollen record. Floristic richness and evenness are estimated using palynological richness and the Shannon index applied to the REVEALS output, respectively. We identified a transition period of 60 years between 1880 and 1940 when the total tree cover increased and the tree composition changed from deciduous to coniferous dominance. Within the shrinking area of open land, arable land taxa expanded, while the number and coverage of herbs in the remaining grasslands decreased. The succession from open grasslands to more tree-covered habitats initially favoured palynological richness, which reached its highest values during the first 40 years of the transition period. The highest REVEALS-based evenness was recorded in the time of traditional land-use and at the beginning of the transition period, reflecting higher habitat diversity at these time intervals. Our results support a more dynamic ecosystem management that changes between traditional land-use and phases of succession (\40 years) to promote floristic diversity. We have developed and applied a palaeoecological methodology that contributes realistic estimates to be used in ecosystem management.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Affective picture processing: An integrative review of ERP findings

Author

Jonas Olofsson, Steven Nordin, Henrique Sequeira, John Polich, Division of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), and Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Visual perception, genetic structures, Emotions, Stimulus (physiology), Electroencephalography, Affect (psychology), behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Arousal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Event-related potential, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Habituation, Valence (psychology), Evoked Potentials, MESH: Emotions, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Visual Perception, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; The review summarizes and integrates findings from 40 years of event-related potential (ERP) studies using pictures that differ in valence (unpleasant-to-pleasant) and arousal (low-to-high) and that are used to elicit emotional processing. Affective stimulus factors primarily modulate ERP component amplitude, with little change in peak latency observed. Arousal effects are consistently obtained, and generally occur at longer latencies. Valence effects are inconsistently reported at several latency ranges, including very early components. Some affective ERP modulations vary with recording methodology, stimulus factors, as well as task-relevance and emotional state. Affective ERPs have been linked theoretically to attention orientation for unpleasant pictures at earlier components (300 ms). Theoretical issues, stimulus factors, task demands, and individual differences are discussed.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Endogenous IFN-β signaling exerts anti-inflammatory actions in experimentally induced focal cerebral ischemia

Author

Martina Svensson, Kate Lykke Lambertsen, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas, Yawei Liu, Bettina Hjelm Clausen, Reza Khorooshi, Totte Stankovich, Tomas Deierborg, Ana R. Inácio, Krzysztof Kucharz, Yiyi Yang, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Neurobiology Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU)-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], This work was supported by grants from: Fundação para a Ciência e aTecnologia (ARI), Portugal, A.E. Berger, The Crafoord Foundation, G.E. Kock’sFoundation, The Gyllenstiernska Krapperup Foundation, The Royal PhysiographicSociety in Lund, Swedish National Stroke Foundation, and the Swedish ResearchCouncil grant no. 2012–2229 (TD), Sweden, The Danish Independent ResearchCouncil, and The Lundbeck Foundation (SI-N), Denmark, Brødrene HartmannFond (BHC), Savværksejer Jeppe Juhl og Hustru Ovita Juhls Mindelegat (KLL),and The Lundbeck Foundation (BHC and KLL), Denmark, Agency for Researchand Innovation, Council for Health Research (RK supported by a grant to TrevorOwens), Denmark, and BMC, BMC

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], IFN-α/β receptor, Brain Ischemia/pathology, Systemic inflammation, Brain Ischemia, Brain ischemia, Mice, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology, Spleen/cytology, Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology, Leukocytes, Medicine, Hand Strength/physiology, Postural Balance, Stroke, Receptors, Interferon, Mice, Knockout, B-Lymphocytes, Hand Strength, General Neuroscience, Receptors, Interferon/genetics, Leukocytes/pathology, Brain, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Knockout mouse, Cytokines, medicine.symptom, Genetically modified mouse, medicine.medical_specialty, Stroke/pathology, Immunology, Central nervous system, Ischemia, Inflammation, Cytokines/blood, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Inflammatory and immune cells, Internal medicine, Animals, Brain/pathology, Lymphocyte Count, Middle cerebral artery occlusion, Interferon-beta/genetics, business.industry, Research, Interferon-beta, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Interferon-β, business, B-Lymphocytes/pathology, Spleen, Inflammation/pathology, Knockout mice
Abstract

Background Interferon (IFN)-β exerts anti-inflammatory effects, coupled to remarkable neurological improvements in multiple sclerosis, a neuroinflammatory condition of the central nervous system. Analogously, it has been hypothesized that IFN-β, by limiting inflammation, decreases neuronal death and promotes functional recovery after stroke. However, the core actions of endogenous IFN-β signaling in stroke are unclear. Methods To address this question, we used two clinically relevant models of focal cerebral ischemia, transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and two genetically modified mouse lines, lacking either IFN-β or its receptor, the IFN-α/β receptor. Subsets of inflammatory and immune cells isolated from the brain, blood, and spleen were studied using flow cytometry. Sensorimotor deficits were assessed by a modified composite neuroscore, the rotating pole and grip strength tests, and cerebral infarct volumes were given by lack of neuronal nuclei immunoreactivity. Results Here, we report alterations in local and systemic inflammation in IFN-β knockout (IFN-βKO) mice over 8 days after induction of focal cerebral ischemia. Notably, IFN-βKO mice showed a higher number of infiltrating leukocytes in the brain 2 days after stroke. Concomitantly, in the blood of IFN-βKO mice, we found a higher percentage of total B cells but a similar percentage of mature and activated B cells, collectively indicating a higher proliferation rate. The additional differential regulation of circulating cytokines and splenic immune cell populations in wild-type and IFN-βKO mice further supports an important immunoregulatory function of IFN-β in stroke. Moreover, we observed a significant weight loss 2–3 days and a reduction in grip strength 2 days after stroke in the IFN-βKO group, while endogenous IFN-β signaling did not affect the infarct volume. Conclusions We conclude that endogenous IFN-β signaling attenuates local inflammation, regulates peripheral immune cells, and, thereby, may contribute positively to stroke outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0427-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Trains of attosecond electron wave packets

Author

Mette B. Gaarde, Ph. Balcou, Johan Mauritsson, E. Gustafsson, Katalin Varjú, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Anne L'Huillier, Constance Valentin, Kenneth J. Schafer, Thomas Remetter, Sophie Kazamias, Per Johnsson, Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Wave packet, Attosecond, Above threshold ionization, Photoionization, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, High harmonic generation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

International audience; We study temporally localized electron wave packets, generated using a train of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses to ionize the target atoms. Both the electron wave packets and the attosecond pulse train (APT) are characterized using the same technique, based on interference of two-photon transitions in the continuum. We study, in particular, the energy transfer from a moderately strong infrared (IR) field to the electron wave packets as a function of time delay between the XUV and the IR fields. The use of an APT to generate the electron wave packets enables the generation at times not accessible through tunneling ionization. We find that a significant amount of energy is transferred from the IR field to the electron wave packets, when they are generated at a zero-crossing of the IR laser field. This energy transfer results in a dramatically enhanced above-threshold ionization even at IR intensities that alone are not strong enough to induce any significant ionization.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Single attosecond pulse production with an ellipticity-modulated driving IR pulse

Author

O. Tcherbakoff, V. Strelkov, Amelle Zaïr, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, E. Mével, Eric Constant, Eric Cormier, A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute (GPI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Field (physics), business.industry, Attosecond, Phase (waves), Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Optics, PACS 42.65.Re, 42.65.Ky, 42.25.Ja, 42.60.Rn, law, High harmonic generation, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, business, Ultrashort pulse, Bandwidth-limited pulse
Abstract

International audience; We theoretically study attosecond pulse production via high-harmonic generation using a driving laser pulse with a time-dependent ellipticity. The theoretical approach produces results that agree with our experimental data obtained using 35 fs driving laser pulses and is further used to study the generation of single attosecond pulses with shorter laser pulses. We find an equation for the duration of the temporal window created by the time-varying driving laser polarization in which high-harmonic emission can occur. We formulate the necessary requirements concerning the driving laser field in order to confine the high-harmonic emission in the form of a single attosecond pulse. Indeed, we show that using incident 12 fs laser pulses single attosecond pulses can be produced for certain carrier-envelope phase (CEP) values of the driving pulse. For 6 fs incident laser pulses, single attosecond pulses are produced for all values of the CEP (the intensity of the attosecond pulse still depends on the actual value of the CEP). If implemented with state-of-the-art 5 fs laser pulses, this technique can even lead to the production of sub-100 as pulses.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Pre-diagnostic concordance with the WCRF/AICR guidelines and survival in European colorectal cancer patients: a cohort study

Author

Carla H. van Gils, E. Riboli, Christos Tsironis, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Laureen Dartois, José Ramón Quirós, Veronika Fedirko, Pietro Ferrari, Teresa Norat, Pagona Lagiou, Christina C. Dahm, Giovanna Masala, Timothy J. Key, Mark J. Gunter, Maria Wennberg, Kay-Tee Khaw, Verena Katzke, Petra H.M. Peeters, Aurelio Barricarte, Heather Ward, Nicholas J. Wareham, Anne Tjønneland, Lena Maria Nilsson, Bodil Ohlsson, Valeria Pala, Laure Dossus, Antonia Trichopoulou, Tilman Kühn, Heiner Boeing, Elisabete Weiderpass, Petra A. Wark, M. Dorronsoro, Carmen Navarro, Camilla Plambeck Hansen, Genevieve Buckland, Salvatore Panico, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, María José Sánchez, Paolo Vineis, Peter D. Siersema, Karin Jirström, Dora Romaguera, Rosario Tumino, Mazda Jenab, Romaguera, Dora, Ward, Heather, Wark, Petra A, Vergnaud, Anne Claire, Peeters, Petra H, van Gils, Carla H, Ferrari, Pietro, Fedirko, Veronika, Jenab, Mazda, Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine, Dossus, Laure, Dartois, Laureen, Hansen, Camilla Plambeck, Dahm, Christina Catherine, Buckland, Genevieve, Sánchez, María José, Dorronsoro, Miren, Navarro, Carmen, Barricarte, Aurelio, Key, Timothy J, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Tsironis, Christo, Lagiou, Pagona, Masala, Giovanna, Pala, Valeria, Tumino, Rosario, Vineis, Paolo, Panico, Salvatore, Bueno de Mesquita, H. Ba, Siersema, Peter D, Ohlsson, Bodil, Jirström, Karin, Wennberg, Maria, Nilsson, Lena M, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Kühn, Tilman, Katzke, Verena, Khaw, Kay Tee, Wareham, Nick J, Tjønneland, Anne, Boeing, Heiner, Quirós, José R, Gunter, Marc J, Riboli, Elio, Norat, Teresa, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, BMC, BMC, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición ( (CIBEROBN)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Emory University [Atlanta, GA]-Rollins School of Public Health-Winship Cancer Institute, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL)-Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Granada Cancer Registry, Andalusian School of Public Health [Granada], Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Murcia Regional Health Council [Murcia], Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Navarre Public Health Institute, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Hellenic Health Foundation, Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori - National Cancer Institute [Milan], Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Department of Oncology-Civile - M.P.Arezzo Hospital, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya = Universiti Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie] (UM), Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Division of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Genetic Epidemiology Group [Helsinki], Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Metabolic Science, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Public Health Directorate, Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Naples Federico II, University of Malaya, The Arctic University of Norway, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, [Romaguera,D, Ward,H, Vergnaud,A, Peeters,PH, Vineis,P, Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Gunter, MJ, Riboli,E, Norat,T] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. [Romaguera,D] Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Romaguera,D] CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Wark,PA] Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. [Peeters,PH, Gils, CH] Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Ferrari,P, Jenab,M] International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon CEDEX, France. [Fedirko,V] Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. [Fedirko,V] Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Dossus,L, Dartois,L] Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Vaillant, Villejuif, Cedex, France. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Dartois,L] Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Dartois,L] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Hansen,CP, Dahm,CC] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. [Buckland,G] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ] Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ, Dorronsoro,M, Navarro,C, Barricarte,A] CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Dorronsoro,M] Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain. [Navarro,C] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain. Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. [Key,TJ] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford UK. [Trichopoulou,A, Tsironis,C] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece . [Trichopoulou,A, Lagiou,P] Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. [Lagiou,P] Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. [Lagiou,P] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA. [Masala,G] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy. [Pala,V] Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, 'Civic – M.P. Arezzo' Hospital, Ragusa, Italy. [Vineis,P] HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy. [Panico,S] Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Siersema,PD] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Ohlsson,B] Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. [Jirström,K] Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. [Wennberg,M] Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. [Nilsson,LM] Arctic Research Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. [Weiderpass,E] Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, ISM - Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Majorstuen Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [Kühn,T, Katzke,V] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany. [Khaw,K] University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit Box 251, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. [Wareham,NJ] MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. [Tjønneland,A] Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Boeing,H] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. [Quirós,JR] Public Health Directorate, Oviedo Asturias, Spain., This study was funded by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International Regular Grant Programme (Grant number 2009/44). Dora Romaguera holds a Ramon y Cajal contract (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain and European Regional Development Fund, RYC-2011-08796). In addition, EPIC investigators acknowledge funding from the following agencies: Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Danish Cancer Society, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RCESP exp. C03/09 and ISCIII RETICC RD06/0020/0091, Spain, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, United Kingdom, The Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece, Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), Italian National Research Council, Fondazione-Istituto Banco Napoli, Italy, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), The Netherlands, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skåne, Sweden, Helga—Nordic Center of Excellence Programme in Nutrition and Health, French League against Cancer (LNCC), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Romaguera et al. BMC Medicine (2015) 13:107 Page 10 of 12 Nationale (MGEN), France, 3 M Co., France, Gustave Roussy Institute (IGR), France, and and General Councils of France. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Subjects
Male, physical activity, 0302 clinical medicine, estudios prospectivos, Prospective Studies, estudios de cohortes, mediana edad, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Motor Activity [Medical Subject Headings], dieta, Incidence, Hazard ratio, COLON-CANCER, General Medicine, adulto, 3. Good health, Näringslära, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, estilo de vida, Cohort, Dieta, Estilo de Vida, RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Concordance, European Continental Ancestry Group, DIAGNOSIS, incidencia, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Càncer colorectal, Neoplasias Colorrectales, BREAST-CANCER, Humans, Life Style, Aged, Cancer prevention, Proportional hazards model, Physical activity, Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Life Style [Medical Subject Headings], weight, LIFE-STYLE FACTORS, Colorectal cancer, REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY, Prospective Studie, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Cancer and Oncology, Proportional Hazards Model, grupo de ascendencia continental europea, Estudios de Cohortes, Gerontology, cumplimiento del paciente, Survival, modelos de riesgos proporcionales, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Epidemiologi medisinsk og odontologisk statistikk: 803, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, Colorectal Neoplasm, Alcohol consumption, Breast cancer, Prospective study, Named Groups::Persons::Survivors [Medical Subject Headings], Cohort Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Non-U.S. Gov't, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), RISK, Nutrition and Dietetics, Healthy lifestyle, Diet, Weight, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Epidemiology medical and dental statistics: 803, NUTRITION, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, Research Article, Adult, neoplasias colorrectales, 3122 Cancers, RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Other Research Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 0], colorectal cancer, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings], Research Support, survival, Sobrevivientes, healthy lifestyle, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Proportional Hazards Models, Actividad Motora, business.industry, Physical fitness, BODY-MASS INDEX, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Other Clinical Medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Patient Compliance, Cohort Studie, business, diet, Condició física
Abstract

Background: Cancer survivors are advised to follow lifestyle recommendations on diet, physical activity, and body fatness proposed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer prevention. Previous studies have demonstrated that higher concordance with these recommendations measured using an index score (the WCRF/AICR score) was associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pre-diagnostic concordance with WCRF/AICR recommendations and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: The association between the WCRF/AICR score (score range 0-6 in men and 0-7 in women; higher scores indicate greater concordance) assessed on average 6.4 years before diagnosis and CRC-specific (n = 872) and overall mortality (n = 1,113) was prospectively examined among 3,292 participants diagnosed with CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (mean follow-up time after diagnosis 4.2 years). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality. Results: The HRs (95% CIs) for CRC-specific mortality among participants in the second (score range in men/women: 2.25-2.75/3.25-3.75), third (3-3.75/4-4.75), and fourth (4-6/5-7) categories of the score were 0.87 (0.72-1.06), 0.74 (0.61-0.90), and 0.70 (0.56-0.89), respectively (P for trend, We would like to acknowledge the contribution of all participants in the study. This study was funded by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International Regular Grant Programme (Grant number 2009/44). Dora Romaguera holds a Ramon y Cajal contract (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain and European Regional Development Fund; RYC-2011-08796). In addition, EPIC investigators acknowledge funding from the following agencies: Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO); German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Danish Cancer Society; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain; Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra; ISCIII RCESP exp. C03/09 and ISCIII RETICC RD06/0020/0091, Spain; Cancer Research UK; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; The Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece; Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC); Italian National Research Council; Fondazione-Istituto Banco Napoli, Italy; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), The Netherlands; Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Scientific Council; Regional Government of Skane, Sweden; Helga-Nordic Center of Excellence Programme in Nutrition and Health; French League against Cancer (LNCC); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France; Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), France; 3 M Co., France; Gustave Roussy Institute (IGR), France; and General Councils of France.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Probing time-dependent molecular dipoles on the attosecond time scale

Author

M. P. Dinh, Marc J. J. Vrakking, Miguel A. L. Marques, P-G. Reinhard, E. Suraud, Ch. Neidel, Miguel Miranda, Arnaud Rouzée, Mathieu Gisselbrecht, V. Despré, Thomas Fordell, Per Johnsson, Kathrin Klünder, Cord L. Arnold, C-H. Yang, Anne L'Huillier, J. Klei, F. Lepine, Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie (MBI), Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Systèmes de Fermions Finis - Agrégats (LPT), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (LPT), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Field (physics), Attosecond, Polyatomic ion, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Ray, law.invention, Dipole, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Electric field, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Photoinduced molecular processes start with the interaction of the instantaneous electric field of the incident light with the electronic degrees of freedom. This early attosecond electronic motion impacts the fate of the photoinduced reactions. We report the first observation of attosecond time scale electron dynamics in a series of small- and medium-sized neutral molecules (N2, CO2, and C2H4), monitoring time-dependent variations of the parent molecular ion yield in the ionization by an attosecond pulse, and thereby probing the time-dependent dipole induced by a moderately strong near-infrared laser field. This approach can be generalized to other molecular species and may be regarded as a first example of molecular attosecond Stark spectroscopy.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. The impact of land-use change on floristic diversity at regional scale in southern Sweden 600 BC–AD 2008

Author

Fredh, Daniel, Brostrom, Anna, Rundgren, Mats, Lageras, Per, Mazier, Florence, Zillen, Lovisa, Gil, Emilie, Department of Geology, Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Swedish National Heritage Board, Swedish National Heritage Board-Swedish National Heritage Board, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)

Subjects
land-use change, Sweden, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, REVEALS, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Floristic diveresity
Abstract

This study explores the relationship between land-use and floristic diversity between 600 BC and AD 2008 in the uplands of southern Sweden. We use fossil pollen assemblages and the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model to quantitatively reconstruct land-cover at a regional scale. Floristic richness and evenness are estimated using palynological richness and REVEALS-based evenness, respectively. We focus on the period AD 350 to 750 to investigate the impact of an inferred, short-lived (< 200 yr) period of land-use expansion and subsequent land abandonment on vegetation composition and floristic diversity. The observed vegetation response is compared to that recorded during the transition from traditional to modern land-use management at the end of the 19th century. Our results suggest that agricultural land-use was most widespread between AD 350 and 1850, which correlates broadly with high values of palynological richness. REVEALS-based evenness was highest between AD 500 and 1600 which indicates a more equal distribution among taxa during this time interval. Palynological richness increased during the inferred land-use expansion after AD 350 and decreased during the subsequent regression AD 550–750, while REVEALS-based increased throughout this period. The values of palynological richness during the last few decades are within the range observed during the last 1650 yr. However, REVEALS-based evenness shows much lower values during the last century compared to the previous ca. 2600 yr, which indicates that the distribution of present day vegetation is unusual in a millennial perspective. Our results show that regional scale changes in land-use have had clear impacts on floristic diversity in southern Sweden, with a vegetation response time of less than 20 to 50 yr. We show the importance of traditional land-use to attain high biodiversity and suggest that ecosystem management should include a regional landscape perspective.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Anderson localization of a weakly interacting one-dimensional Bose gas

Author

Nicolas Pavloff, Mathias Albert, Tobias Paul, Peter Schlagheck, Patricio Leboeuf, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg (UR), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Mathematical Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, and Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund]

Subjects
Length scale, Anderson localization, Random potential, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Bose gas, FOS: Physical sciences, Probability density function, Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [NLIN.NLIN-PS]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Pattern Formation and Solitons [nlin.PS], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, Transmission coefficient, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Matter wave, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We consider the phase coherent transport of a quasi one-dimensional beam of Bose-Einstein condensed particles through a disordered potential of length L. Among the possible different types of flow identified in [T. Paul et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 210602 (2007)], we focus here on the supersonic stationary regime where Anderson localization exists. We generalize the diffusion formalism of Dorokhov-Mello-Pereyra-Kumar to include interaction effects. It is shown that interactions modify the localization length and also introduce a length scale L* for the disordered region, above which most of the realizations of the random potential lead to time dependent flows. A Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density of the transmission coefficient that takes this new effect into account is introduced and solved. The theoretical predictions are verified numerically for different types of disordered potentials. Experimental scenarios for observing our predictions are discussed., 20 pages, 13 figures

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Design and characterization of extreme-ultraviolet broadband mirrors for attosecond science

Author

O. Boyko, Thomas Remetter, Franck Delmotte, Philippe Zeitoun, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Julien Gautier, Philippe Balcou, Marie Françoise Ravet, Katalin Varjú, Anne L'Huillier, Sophie Kazamias, Anne Sophie Morlens, E. Gustafsson, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon, business.industry, Attosecond, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, Physics::Optics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photon counting, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Harmonics, Extreme ultraviolet, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Optoelectronics, Reflection coefficient, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

International audience; A novel multilayer mirror was designed and fabricated based on a recently developed three-material technology aimed both at reaching reflectivities of about 20% and at controlling dispersion over a bandwidth covering photon energies between 35 and 50 eV. The spectral phase upon reflection was retrieved by measuring interferences in a two-color ionization process using high-order harmonics produced from a titanium: sapphire laser. We demonstrate the feasibility of designing and characterizing phase-controlled broadband optics in the extreme-ultraviolet domain, which should facilitate the manipulation of attosecond pulses for applications.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Attosecond electron wave packet dynamics in strong laser fields

Author

Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Yann Mairesse, Mette B. Gaarde, Pascal Salières, Kenneth J. Schafer, H. Wabnitz, Sophie Kazamias, Per Johnsson, Johan Mauritsson, Constance Valentin, Katalin Varjú, Anne L'Huillier, Philippe Balcou, Thomas Remetter, Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Field (physics), Wave packet, Attosecond, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Photoionization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], PACS 32.80.Rm, 32.80.Qk, 42.65.Ky, Laser, Extreme ultraviolet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics
Abstract

International audience; We use a train of sub-200 attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with energies just above the ionization threshold in argon to create a train of temporally localized electron wave packets. We study the energy transfer from a strong infrared (IR) laser field to the ionized electrons as a function of the delay between the XUV and IR fields. When the wave packets are born at the zero crossings of the IR field, a significant amount of energy (∼20 eV) is transferred from the field to the electrons. This results in dramatically enhanced above-threshold ionization in conditions where the IR field alone does not induce any significant ionization. Because both the energy and duration of the wave packets can be varied independently of the IR laser, they are valuable tools for studying and controlling strong-field processes.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Volumetric intensity dependence on the formation of molecular and atomic ions within a high intensity laser focus

Author

L. Robson, Jiamin M. Yang, T. McCanny, Seiji Shimizu, Johan Mauritsson, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Kenneth W. D. Ledingham, Claes-Göran Wahlström, Per Johnsson, Katalin Varjú, Paul McKenna, Department of Physics (SUPA), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, and Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund]

Subjects
Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Photoionization, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pulsed laser deposition, Ion, Structural Biology, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Chemistry, Lasers, Coulomb explosion, Benzene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Deuterium, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Rayleigh length, Mass spectrum, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The mechanism of atomic and molecular ionization in intense, ultra-short laser fields is a subject which continues to receive considerable attention. An inherent difficulty with techniques involving the tight focus of a laser beam is the continuous distribution of intensities contained within the focus, which can vary over several orders of magnitude. The present study adopts time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with a high intensity (8 X 10^15 Wcm^-2), ultra-short (20 fs) pulse laser in order to investigate the ionization and dissociation of the aromatic molecule benzene-d1 (C6H5D) as a function of intensity within a focused laser beam, by scanning the laser focus in the direction of propagation, while detecting ions produced only in a thin slice (400 and 800 μm) of the focus. The resultant TOF mass spectra varies significantly, highlighting the dependence on the range of specific intensities accessed and their volumetric weightings on the ionization/dissociation pathways accessed.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on obsessive-compulsive disorder in a patient with Parkinson disease. Case report

Author

Vianney Mattei, Philippe Paquis, M. Borg, Philippe Robert, Marie-Noelle Magnie, Stéphane Chanalet, Denys Fontaine, Daniel von Langsdorff, Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), Software Engineering Research Group (SERG), Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Psychologie Cliniques, Cognitives et Sociales (LAPCOS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Deep brain stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Stimulation, Electric Stimulation Therapy, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, behavioral disciplines and activities, Severity of Illness Index, Central nervous system disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Degenerative disease, Subthalamic Nucleus, mental disorders, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, humanities, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Surgery, Subthalamic nucleus, Treatment Outcome, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Anxiety disorder, Psychosurgery
Abstract

✓ The authors report on a patient with Parkinson disease (PD) and severe obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD), in whom bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was used to treat both PD and OCD symptoms. This 49-year-old man had displayed symptoms of PD for 13 years. Progressively, his motor disability became severe despite optimal medical treatment. In parallel, he suffered severe OCD for 16 years, with obsessions of accumulation and compulsions of gathering and rubbing that lasted more than 8 hours per day. Bilateral high-frequency STN stimulation was performed to treat motor disability. After surgery (at 1-year follow up), motor and OCD symptoms were dramatically improved. The pre- and postoperative Yale—Brown Obsessive—Compulsive Scale scores were 32 and 1, respectively. No additional antiparkinsonian drugs were administered. This case and other recent reports indicate that OCD symptoms can be improved by deep brain stimulation, a finding that opens new perspectives in the surgical treatment of severe and medically intractable OCD.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Development of high temporally and spatially (three-dimensional) resolved formaldehyde measurements in combustion environments

Author

Marcus Aldén, Mattias Richter, Jimmy Olofsson, M Auge, Division of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux (MSSMat), and CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Flow visualization, Framing (visual arts), Materials science, Formaldehyde, Fast scanning, Combustion, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Planar, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, TEMPERATURE, Instrumentation, LIF, business.industry, Detector, Laser, FLAMES, chemistry, business
Abstract

In the present article a multi-YAG laser cluster and a framing camera have been applied for ultrahigh framing rate and three-dimensional measurements of formaldehyde distribution in flames and engines. The measurement technique utilizes a laser/detection system which has been adopted for the generation of eight laser pulses at 355 nm. By combining these lasers with a framing camera, short movies showing the formaldehyde distributions in combustion phenomena can be recorded, by means of planar laser-induced fluorescence. The technique is successfully demonstrated in a laboratory flame as well as in an engine. In addition to the temporally resolved experiments also three-dimensional measurements are performed by sweeping the eight generated laser sheets across the flame by the use of a fast scanning mirror. By proper triggering of the laser sweep and the detector a three-dimensional image showing the formaldehyde distribution in the flame can be created, which is also demonstrated.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Experimental studies of attosecond pulse trains

Author

Varju, K., Johnsson, P., Lopez-Martens, R., Remetter, T., Gustafsson, E., Johan Mauritsson, Gaarde, Mb, Schafer, Kj, Erny, C., Sola, I., Zair, A., Constant, E., Cormier, E., Mevel, E., L Huillier, A., Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Physics Department, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics
Abstract

International audience; We present experimental measurements of attosecond pulse trains. The characterization of the pulses uses a spectral interferometry technique that is implemented with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This allows us to manipulate independently the pump and probe pulses for a wide range of applications. By letting the attosecond pulses pass through metallic films, we can in particular compensate for the intrinsic chirp of the attosecond pulses corresponding to the plateau spectral region, thus getting pulses as short as 170 attoseconds- only 1.2 optical cycles at the central frequency. The measurement technique is also applicable for determination of the group delay of thin XUV-transparent films and relative delay in the photoionization process. Our experimental method is applied to attosecond pulse trains created by 35- and 9-fs laser pulses, and the shortest train observed consists of three or four pulses.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results