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ObjectivesWe developed and tested a deep learning (DL) framework applicable to color Doppler echocardiography for automatic detection and quantification of atrial septal defects (ASDs).BackgroundColor Doppler echocardiography is the most commonly used non-invasive imaging tool for detection of ASDs. While prior studies have used DL to detect the presence of ASDs from standard 2D echocardiographic views, no study has yet reported automatic interpretation of color Doppler videos for detection and quantification of ASD.MethodsA total of 821 examinations from two tertiary care hospitals were collected as the training and external testing dataset. We developed DL models to automatically process color Doppler echocardiograms, including view selection, ASD detection and identification of the endpoints of the atrial septum and of the defect to quantify the size of defect and the residual rim.ResultsThe view selection model achieved an average accuracy of 99% in identifying four standard views required for evaluating ASD. In the external testing dataset, the ASD detection model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 with 88% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The final model automatically measured the size of defect and residual rim, with the mean biases of 1.9 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of using a deep learning model for automated detection and quantification of ASD from color Doppler echocardiography. This model has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of using color Doppler in clinical practice for screening and quantification of ASDs, that are required for clinical decision making.

BackgroundThe APLAID syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by gain-of-function mutations in the PLCG2 gene. We present a 7-year-old APLAID patient who has recurrent blistering skin lesions, skin infections in the perineum, a rectal perineal fistula, and inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsTo determine the genetic cause of our patient, WES and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Flow cytometry was used for phenotyping immune cell populations in peripheral blood. Cytokines released into plasma were analyzed using protein chip technology. The PBMCs of patient and a healthy child were subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis.ResultsThe patient carried a novel de novo missense mutation c.2534T>C in exon 24 of the PLCG2 gene that causes a leucine to serine amino acid substitution (p.Leu845Ser). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this mutation had a negative impact on the structure of the PLCγ2 protein, which is highly conserved in many other species. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed that in addition to the typical decrease in circulating memory B cells, the levels of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in the children’s peripheral blood were significantly lower, as were the CD4+ effector T cells induced by their activation. Single-cell sequencing revealed that the proportion of different types of cells in the peripheral blood of the APLAID patient changed.ConclusionsWe present the first case of APLAID with severely reduced myeloid dendritic cells carrying a novel PLCG2 mutation, and conducted a comprehensive analysis of immunological features in the ALPAID patient, which has not been mentioned in previous reports. This study expands the spectrum of APLAID-associated immunophenotype and genotype. The detailed immune analyses in this patient may provide a basis for the development of targeted therapies for this severe autoinflammatory disease.

Competition-based approach to controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) recently rose to prominence when, generalizing it to sequential hypothesis testing, Barber and Cand\`es used it as part of their knockoff-filter. Control of the FDR implies that the, arguably more important, false discovery proportion is only controlled in an average sense. We present TDC-SB and TDC-UB that provide upper prediction bounds on the FDP in the list of discoveries generated when controlling the FDR using competition. Using simulated and real data we show that, overall, our new procedures offer significantly tighter upper bounds than ones obtained using the recently published approach of Katsevich and Ramdas, even when the latter is further improved using the interpolation concept of Goeman et al., Comment: The original version of this paper appeared as arxiv:2011.11939v1. That version was split into two: one branch continuing as v2 & v3 of that original submission, and the other branch is now added here as a new submission

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eji-10.1177_1721727X221091532 for Daxx ameliorates abdominal aortic aneurysm through inhibiting the TGF-β1-mediated PI3K/AKT/ID2 signaling pathway by Jie Chen, Guo-zuo Xiong, Dong-yang Luo, Qing-qing Zou, Yang-yi-jing Wnag and Guo-shan Bi in European Journal of Inflammation

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eji-10.1177_1721727X221091532 for Daxx ameliorates abdominal aortic aneurysm through inhibiting the TGF-β1-mediated PI3K/AKT/ID2 signaling pathway by Jie Chen, Guo-zuo Xiong, Dong-yang Luo, Qing-qing Zou, Yang-yi-jing Wnag and Guo-shan Bi in European Journal of Inflammation

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Identification of the DEGs in five development stages: S2 vs. S1 (A); S3 vs. S1 (B). S4 vs. S1 (C) and S5 vs. S1 (D). Fig. S2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in: S2 vs. S1 (A); S3 vs. S1 (B). S4 vs. S1 (C) and S5 vs. S1 (D). The left Y-axis indicates the KEGG pathway. The X-axis indicates the gene ratio. High padj values are indicated in purple, and low padj values are indicated in red.

Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. Gemcitabine chemotherapy remains the most important clinical treatment. However, research found that pancreatic cancer cells have chemoresistance to gemcitabine and the effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective early diagnosis and treatment strategy. Circular RNA is one of the most popular prognostic biomarkers in GEM-resistant PC. Materials and methods The present study was designed to evaluate the role of circHIPK3 in PC. The expression of circHIPK3 in PC tissues and cells and its effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and apoptosis were investigated in vitro; its effect on tumor xenografts was assessed in vivo. Used bioinformation analysis to predict which miRNAs could potentially interact with circHIPK3, mRNA, and miR-330-5p. Results RT-PCR showed that the level of circHIPK3 was increased in PC tumor tissues; moreover, circHIPK3 was also increased in GEM-resistant PC tumors tissues and GEM-resistant PC cells. Sh-circHIPK3 could knockdown circHIPK3 in PANC-1-GEM and SW-1990-GEM and could significantly inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT and enhance cell apoptosis, compare with control group, the tumor xenografts of circHIPK3 knockdown group were significantly smaller. CircHIPK3 served as a sponge for miR-330-5p, and miR-330-5p directly bound to the 3' UTR of RASSF1 were revealed by dual luciferase assay and RIP in PC cells. CircHIPK3 knockdown of RASSF1 expression could neutralize the cytological function of PC cells by miR-330-5p inhibitor mediated GEM-resistance. Conclusion CircHIPK3 promotes gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting RASSF1 via miR-330-5p and regulates proliferation, invasive, migration, EMT, and apoptosis. Our research revealed that circHIPK3 may be a novel biomarker in GEM-resistant PC and could be used as a prognostic target.

Background Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the most widely chemotherapy drugs in PC. However, the chemotherapy resistance always occurs after a period of treatment indicating poor prognosis. lncRNA may play an essential role in PC and serve as a prognosis biomarkers in PC with GEM-resistance. In our study, we aim to investigate the role of lncRNA HCP5 in PC. Materials and methods QRT-PCR detected the expression of lncRNA HCP5. The effects of knockdown lncRNA HCP5 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell apoptosis and autophagy were investigated in GEM-resistance PC cells. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to predict for potential miRNAs that can interact with lncRNA HCP5 and mRNAs that can interact with miR-214-3p. Results Our study revealed that lncRNA HCP5 expression was upregulated in PC tissues, especially increased expression in GEM-resistant PC tissues and GEM-resistant PC cells. Wound healing, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) results demonstrated lncRNA HCP5 acted as a ceRNA to regulate GEM-resistance PC cells' proliferation, invasion, migration, cell apoptosis and autophagy by targeting HDGF via miR-214-3p. Conclusion Our results revealed that lncRNA HCP5 is highly expressed in HCC, and development of GEM-resistance PC cells involving the processes of proliferation, invasive, migration, cell apoptosis and autophagy through the miR-214-3p/HDGF axis. Targeting lncRNA HCP5 may improve gemcitabine-based therapeutic efficacy.

Abundant tight oil resources have been found in the Qingxi depression of the Jiuquan basin. However, the accumulation characteristics of the tight oil in the basin remain unclear, as well as the resources potential, which restricts tight oil exploration and development in the basin. In this article, reservoir characteristics analysis result, based on the study of the Xiagou formation in the Qingxi depression, Jiuquan Basin, shows that the distribution of tight oil is consistent to the distribution of source rocks and faults in the area, besides, high hydrocarbon output intervals are characterized by high TOC content and well developed faults system. It is indicated from the source and reservoir assemblage characteristics that both source–reservoir coexistence and sandwich type are favorable for tight oil enrichment. Tight oil reserves of three formations, K1g3、 K1g2、K1g1, have been calculated by facet volume calculation method and the calculated results of the three layers are 42.257×106t、56.326×106t、106.324×106t, respectively. The overall reserves are supposed to be 204.897×106t and the favorable target for tight oil has thus been predicted. The assessment would effectively further guide tight oil exploration and development in the area.

Recently, Barber and Cand\`es laid the theoretical foundation for a general framework for false discovery rate (FDR) control based on the notion of "knockoffs." A closely related FDR control methodology has long been employed in the analysis of mass spectrometry data, referred to there as "target-decoy competition" (TDC). However, any approach that aims to control the FDR, which is defined as the expected value of the false discovery proportion (FDP), suffers from a problem. Specifically, even when successfully controlling the FDR at level $\alpha$, the FDP in the list of discoveries can significantly exceed $\alpha$. We offer FDP-SD, a new procedure that rigorously controls the FDP in the competition (knockoff / TDC) setup by guaranteeing that the FDP is bounded by $\alpha$ at any desired confidence level. Compared with the just-published general framework of Katsevich and Ramdas, FDP-SD generally delivers more power and often substantially so in simulated as well as real data., Comment: This revision focuses only on FDP-SD described in the original submission. A later submission will further develop the procedures for simultaneous bounds on the FDP

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Description of drinking behaviors and association with self-harm frequency by gender.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Results of Log-binomial regression (Reasons for drinking).

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. AORs for students in different school types by gender.

Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. Gemcitabine chemotherapy remains the most important clinical treatment. However, research found that pancreatic cancer cells have chemoresistance to gemcitabine and the effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective early diagnosis and treatment strategy. Circular RNA is one of the most popular prognostic biomarkers in GEM-resistant PC. Materials and Methods The present study was designed to evaluate the role of circHIPK3 in PC. The expression of circHIPK3 in PC tissues and cells and its effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and apoptosis were investigated in vitro; its effect on tumor xenografts was assessed in vivo. Used bioinformation analysis to predict which miRNAs could potentially interact with circHIPK3, mRNA, and miR-330-5p. Results RT-PCR showed that the level of circHIPK3 was increased in PC tumor tissues; moreover, circHIPK3 was also increased in GEM-resistant PC tumors tissues and GEM-resistant PC cells. Sh-circHIPK3 could knockdown circHIPK3 in PANC-1-GEM and SW-1990-GEM and could significantly inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT and enhance cell apoptosis, compare with control group, the tumor xenografts of circHIPK3 knockdown group were significantly smaller. CircHIPK3 served as a sponge for miR-330-5p, and miR-330-5p directly bound to the 3′ UTR of RASSF1 were revealed by dual luciferase assay and RIP in PC cells. CircHIPK3 knockdown of RASSF1 expression could neutralize the cytological function of PC cells by miR-330-5p inhibitor mediated GEM-resistance. Conclusion CircHIPK3 promotes gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting RASSF1 via miR-330-5p and regulates proliferation, invasive, migration, EMT, and apoptosis. Our research revealed that circHIPK3 may be a novel biomarker in GEM-resistant PC and could be used as a prognostic target.

Controlled drug delivery and gene expression is required for a large variety of applications including cancer therapy, wound healing, cell migration, cell modification, cell-analysis, reproductive and regenerative medicine. Controlled delivery of precise amounts of drugs to a single cell is especially interesting for cell and tissue engineering as well as therapeutics and has until now required the application of micro-pipettes, precisely placed dispersed drug delivery vehicles, or injections close to or into the cell. Here we present surface bound micro-chamber arrays able to store small hydrophilic molecules for prolonged times in subaqueous conditions supporting spatiotemporal near infrared laser mediated release. The micro-chambers (MCs) are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). Biocompatible gold nanoparticles are employed as light harvesting agents to facilitate photothermal MC opening. The degree of photothermal heating is determined by numerical simulations utilizing optical properties of the MC, and confirmed by Brownian motion measurements of laser-irradiated micro-particles exhibiting similar optical properties like the MCs. The amount of bioactive small molecular cargo (doxycycline) from local release is determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and gene expression in isolated C2C12 cells via enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) biosynthesis.

The luminous efficiency of radiation (LER) and colour rendering indices (CRIs) are two key technological parameters for white light-emission diodes (WLEDs), but there is always a trade-off between them, especially between LER and R9 (the 9th CRI for red colour). It is therefore necessary to find ways to solve this problem by choosing appropriate red phosphors as well as the phosphor blend. In this work, we attempted to apply both a narrow-band (K2SiF6:Mn4+,KSF) and a broad-band ((Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+, SCASN) red phosphors together with a green phosphor (Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+, LuAG) to minimize the trade-off. For a warm white LED with the correlated colour temperature of 3000 K, the combination of a single red phosphor (either KSF or SCASN) and LuAG led to high LERs (92.4 lm W−1 for KSF and 95 lm W−1 for SCASN) but low Ra (average of the first eight CRIs) and R9 (Ra = 60.9 and R9 = −28.2 for KSF; Ra = 83.7 and R9 = 16.6 for SCASN). On the other hand, by using dual red phosphors instead of one, CRIs and even LERs are significantly increased, which is dominantly ascribed to the narrow emission band and the absence of re-absorption of green light of KSF. A superior WLED with LER = 115.4 lm W−1, Ra = 96.9 and R9 = 95.8 was attained when pumping the phosphor blend of (KSF:SCASN:LuAG = 6 : 0.75 : 5.1 in weight ratio) by a blue InGaN LED, which enables it to be used broadly for high quality solid state lighting.

In this paper, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 hollow spheres based magnetic-fluorescent nanoparticles, hollow structured Fe 3 O 4 @Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ , were synthesized through a homogeneous precipitation method. The microstructure, luminescence, and magnetic properties of the samples were investigated and discussed with the help of various analytic techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, cathodelumincence mapping, photoluminescence spectra and vibrating sample magnetometer. The hollow spheres nanoparticles, emitting at 612 nm dominantly under the 254 nm excitation, exhibited the photoluminescence intensity 2.45 times higher than the solid sphere samples, due to the. hollow spheres structure. The hollow Fe 3 O 4 @Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanoparticles were spherical, and had a particle size of about 1400 nm in diameter. They also showed a saturation magnetization of 1.33 emu/g, a coercivity Hc of 160 Oe and a remanence of 0.05 emu/g at room temperature, the saturation magnetization of hollow spheres nanoparticles is higher than the solid sphere samples. The enhanced photoluminescence and magnetic properties of the hollow structured nanoparticles allow them to be used in biomedical applications.

Supplemental material, PUL888428 Supplementary material2 for Prediction value of pulmonary hypertension in newly identified left ventricular dysfunction among adult patients after patent ductus arteriosus closure by Peng-yuan Chen, Dong-ling Luo, He-zhi Li, Hong-wen Fei, Tao Huang, Yi-gao Huang, Ji-mei Chen, Jian Zhuang, Peng-cheng He and Cao-jin Zhang in Pulmonary Circulation

Figure S1. Investigation of the characteristics of NaCl and mannitol stress resistance in alfalfa seedlings. Figure S2. Iso-Seq sequencing, assembly, and annotation of alfalfa. Figure S3. The quality of the BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq data. Figure S4. An overview of continuous dynamic changes in DEG expression levels. Figure S5. Heatmap plot of the expression levels of the osmotic stress-related DEGs co-regulated by NaCl and mannitol. (PDF 875 kb)

As a mining industry which is vital to the national economy, the oil and gas industry is faced with various uncertainties from the exploration and development at the upstream, refining and production at the midstream to the transportation and sale at the downstream. With the implementation of the “Go Global” strategy of the oil and gas industry and the steady progress of the Belt and Road Initiative, a more comprehensive and accurate identification, classification and quantification of the uncertain factors facing the oil and gas industry is required by the “14th Five-Year Plan”. This paper first identifies and classifies the uncertain factors of the oil and gas industry and then analyzes the difference between those uncertain factors from the domestic and overseas perspectives. Different methods of quantifying the uncertainties are also designed from the three dimensions of resource, technology and economy. Based on the development trend of various factors during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, this paper predicts the quantitative results of uncertainties in the following 10 years.

In this paper, the Gd 3+ codoped bifunctional coreshell nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 @(Y 1-x Gd x ) 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ , were synthesized through a Urea Homogeneous Preci-pitation method. The microstructure, luminescence, and magnetic properties of the codoped samples were investigated and discussed with the help of various analytic techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, photo-luminescence spectra, cathodelumincence mapping and vibrating sample magnetometer. The co-doped sample (x = 0.3), emitting at 612 nm dominantly under the 254 nm excitation, exhibited the photoluminescence intensity 2.7 times higher than the undoped one (x = 0), due to the efficient energy transfer between Gd 3+ and Eu 3+ . The Fe 3 O 4 @(Y 1-x Gd x ) 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ core–shell nanoparticles were spherical and uniform, and had a particle size of about 180 nm in diameter. They also showed a saturation magnetization of 1.09 emu/g, a coercivity of 20 Oe and a remanence of 0.01emu/g. The enhanced photoluminescence and good magnetic properties of the title core–shell nanocomposites allow them to be used in biomedical applications.

In this paper, bifunctional Fe 3 O 4 @Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ core-shell nanoparticles with both magnetic and fluorescent properties were synthesized through a urea homogeneous precipitation (UHP) method. Particular emphasis was placed on investigating the influence of the solution pH value on the photoluminescence of the core-shell nanocomposites. It showed that the samples treated at the solution of pH=3.0 had the highest luminescence due to the enhanced crystallinity and size uniformity of nanoparticles. The Fe 3 O 4 @Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanocomposites exhibited an almost spherical shape with a mean diameter of 60 nm, and had strong red emissions of Eu 3+ at 612 nm as well as good magnetization with the saturation magnetization of 1.29 emu/g. It thus indicated that the core-shell nanocomposites investigated has great potential in biomedical applications.

Background: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a highly nutritious, tannin-containing, and tetraploid forage legume. Due to the lack of detailed transcriptomic and genomic information on this species, genetic and breeding projects for sainfoin improvement have been significantly hindered. Methods: In this study, a total of 24,630,711 clean reads were generated from 14 different sainfoin tissues using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and deposited in the NCBI SRA database (SRX3763386). From these clean reads, 77,764 unigene sequences were obtained and 6,752 EST-SSRs were identified using denovo assembly. A total of 2,469 primer pairs were designed, and 200 primer pairs were randomly selected to analyze the polymorphism in five sainfoin wild accessions. Results: Further analysis of 40 sainfoin individuals from the five wild populations using 61 EST-SSR loci showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15, and the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.55 to 0.91. Additionally, by counting the EST-SSR band number and sequencing the three or four bands in one sainfoin individual, sainfoin was confirmed to be autotetraploid. This finding provides a high level of information about this plant. Discussion: Through this study, 61 EST-SSR markers were successfully developed and shown to be useful for genetic studies and investigations of population genetic structures and variabilities among different sainfoin accessions.

Persistent pain remains a major health issue: common treatments relying on either repeated local injections or systemic drug administration are prone to concomitant side-effects. It is thought that an alternative could be a multifunctional cargo system to deliver medicine to the target site and release it over a prolonged time window. We nano-engineered microcapsules equipped with adjustable cargo release properties and encapsulated the sodium-channel blocker QX-314 using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. First, we employed single-cell electrophysiology to establish in vitro that microcapsule application can dampen neuronal excitability in a controlled fashion. Secondly, we used two-photon excitation imaging to monitor and adjust long-lasting release of encapsulated cargo in target tissue in situ. Finally, we explored an established peripheral inflammation model in rodents to find that a single local injection of QX-314-containing microcapsules could provide robust pain relief lasting for over a week. This was accompanied by a recovery of the locomotive deficit and the amelioration of anxiety in animals with persistent inflammation. Post hoc immunohistology confirmed biodegradation of microcapsules over a period of several weeks. The overall remedial effect lasted 10–20 times longer than that of a single focal drug injection. It depended on the QX-314 encapsulation levels, involved TRPV1-channel-dependent cell permeability of QX-314, and showed no detectable side-effects. Our data suggest that nano-engineered encapsulation provides local drug delivery suitable for prolonged pain relief, which could be highly advantageous compared to existing treatments.

Knockdown of CLCA2 promotes the growth in NPC cells in vitro. (PDF 464Â kb)

Overexpressing CLCA2 impairs NPC cell migration and silencing CLCA2 promotes NPC cell migration ability in vitro. (PDF 492Â kb)

Hu, Ben, Zeng, Lei-Ping, Yang, Xing-Lou, Ge, Xing-Yi, Zhang, Wei, Li, Bei, Shen, Xu-Rui, Zhang, Yun-Zhi, Wang, Ning, Luo, Dong-Sheng, Zheng, Xiao- Shuang, Wang, Mei-Niang, Daszak, Peter, Wang, Lin-Fa, Cui, Jie, Shi, Zheng- Li (2017): Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathogens 13 (11), No. 1006698: 1-27, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698

This paper proposes a new gate driver circuit integrated by IZO-thin film transistors(TFTs),which employs a new driving method called input block multiplex structure.One input blockdriving several output blocks is used in this method,which can reduce the number of TFTs and save the area of the circuit dramatically,satisfying the design of the high resolution and narrow bezel displays.The working time of the input block is ntimes as the output block,where the parameter‘n'is the quantity of output blocks driven by one input block.Therefore the frequency of the driving clock of the proposed circuit is 1/nof the traditional circuits,in which one input block is used to drive one output block.We have successfully fabricated 20 stages of the circuit.The structure is one input block driving two output blocks and the dimension is 730μm width and 164μm height,which can realize the narrow bezel easily.The experimental results show the circuit can work well and be suitable for 300 PPI displays of AMLCD or AMOLEDs.

According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the sustainable development goal 11 is to “make cities and human settlement inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. China has been making great effort in this respect. With the advancement in science and technology, the concepts of green development, environmental friendliness, and fair development are gradually moving from theories to practices, guiding the construction and development of sustainable cities in China. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the overall process of China’s construction of sustainable cities and development can be divided into three stages: the initial practice stage (1986–2000), the stage focusing on transformation (2001–2012), and the stage emphasizing coordinated development and social fairness (2012 to present). During the process, China has proposed and carried out a series of pilot demonstrations of sustainable cities, eco-cities, garden cities, low-carbon cities, livable cities, resilient cities, sanitary cities, sponge cities, and circular economy cities. It has achieved remarkable results with valuable experience; meanwhile, it still faces many challenges considering the current practices. With the integration of planning for the national economy and social development, rural and urban development, land use, and other aspects, as well as the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, sustainable urban practices in China will receive more policy support and effective administrative support. As the largest developing country in the world, China’s practice in sustainable urban development undoubtedly has a broad demonstration effect and can contribute to global sustainable development.

The tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) contributes to signaling regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes and tumor cells. Replacement of lysine by alanine in the catalytic subunit yields the inactive (K851A)JAK3 mutant that underlies severe combined immune deficiency. The gain-of-function mutation (A572V)JAK3 is found in acute megakaryoplastic leukemia and T cell lymphoma. The excessive nutrient demand of tumor cells requires upregulation of transporters in the cell membrane including peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. The carriers further accomplish intestinal peptide transport. Little is known about signaling regulating peptide transport. The present study explored whether PEPT1 and PEPT2 are upregulated by JAK3. PEPT1 or PEPT2 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of JAK3, and electrogenic peptide (glycine-glycine) transport was determined by dual-electrode voltage clamp. PEPT2-HA membrane protein abundance was analyzed by chemiluminescence. Intestinal electrogenic peptide transport was estimated from peptide-induced current in Ussing chamber experiments. In PEPT1- and PEPT2-expressing oocytes, but not in water-injected oocytes, the dipeptide gly-gly generated an inward current, which was significantly increased following coexpression of JAK3. The effect of JAK3 on PEPT1 was mimicked by (A568V)JAK3 but not by (K851A)JAK3. JAK3 increased maximal peptide-induced current in PEPT1-expressing oocytes but rather decreased apparent affinity of the carrier. Coexpression of JAK3 enhanced the PEPT2-HA protein abundance in the cell membrane. In JAK3- and PEPT1-expressing oocytes, peptide-induced current was blunted by the JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P154, 4-[(3'-bromo-4'-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (22 μM). In intestinal segments gly-gly generated a current which was significantly smaller in JAK3-deficient mice (jak3⁻/⁻) than in wild-type mice (jak3⁺/⁺). In conclusion, JAK3 is a powerful regulator of peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.

Background Cough is one of the most common complications of opioids. Many studies have evaluated the effect of various drugs in preventing opioid-induced cough (OIC). However, there is existing controversy about those reports. The present study was performed to assess the efficacy of different interventions on OIC. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Embase to identify randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of different drugs in the prevention of OIC. Opioids included fentanyl, sufentanil, and remifentanil. We mainly investigated the incidence and severity of OIC after different interventions. Results Thirty-four trials including 9906 patients were analyzed in this study. Twenty different drugs were reported, and 10 drugs were indentified in more than 2 articles. These drugs, including lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, priming of fentanyl, propofol, dezocine, dexamethasone, dextromethorphan, and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ), showed a significant efficacy compared with controls. There were insufficient numbers of trials for salbutamol, clonidine, tramadol, pentazocine, rocuronium, midazolam, atropine, terbutaline, sodium chromoglycate, beclomethasone, and ephedrine. From these data, we found that salbutamol, tramadol, midazolam, and atropine were ineffective. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that the prophylactic administration of lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, priming of fentanyl, propofol, and dezocine was effective in preventing OIC.

An ultra-low frequency vibrational noise isolation apparatus from external vibration can be a critical factor in many fields such as precision measurement, high-technology manufacturing, scientific instruments, and gravitational wave detection. To increase the accuracies of these experiments, well performed vibration isolation technology is required. Until recently the cold atom gravimeter has played a crucial role in measuring the acceleration due to gravity and earth gravity gradient. The vibration isolation is one of the key techniques in the cold atom gravimeter. To reduce the vibrational noise caused by the reflecting mirror of Raman beams in the cold atom gravimeter, a compact active low-frequency vibration isolation system based on sliding-mode robust control is designed and demonstrated. The sliding-mode robust control active vibration isolation method is used to solve the vibration problem of Raman mirror in the cold atomic gravimeter. The purpose of vibration control is that the controller enables the system to be at zero state as the system states are away from the equilibrium due to vibration disturbance. In this system, the mechanical setup is based on a commercial passive isolation platform which only plays a role at higher frequency. A sliding-mode robust control subsystem is used to process and feed back the vibration measured by a seismometer which can measure the velocity of the ground vibration. A voice coil actuator is used to control and cancel the motion of a passive vibration isolation platform. The simulation and experiment results of vibration isolation platform show, on the one hand, that the vibration noise power spectral density decreases by up to 99.9%, and that the phase noise in cold atom interferometry produced by vibration decreases by up to nearly 85.3% compared with the results of the passive vibration isolation platform. On the other hand, compared with the lead-lag control method, the vibration noise power spectral density decreases by up to 83.3% and the phase noise in cold atom interferometry produced by vibration decreases by nearly 40.2%. Therefore, the sliding-mode robust control has the advantages of less tuning parameters, strong anti-interference ability, and more obvious vibration isolating effect.

Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has features of both neoplastic growth and hyperplastic proliferation. It is the most common tumor seen in patients with HIV infection. Whether KS is a real tumor or a benign hyperplastic disease is not known. Material and methods Tissues from KS and cutaneous hemangioma lesion DNA were extracted, and then digested with methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease HpaII. Human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) was amplified with PCR method and the product was separated on 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gels and stained with ethylene dibromide (EB) to show the polymorphism of HUMARA. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) was amplified and the product was digested by BStXI, agarose gel and EB stained to show the polymorphism of PGK. Finally, we analyzed the clonality of KS. Results In the 14 patients with KS, heterozygosity of the HUMARA gene was observed in 12 (85.7%) cases. Loss of heterozygosity of HUMARA gene on X-chromosome (without HpaII digestion there were 2 bands, after HpaII digestion there were just 1 of the bands), representing monoclonal origin, was present in 11 cases of Kaposi sarcoma. Heterozygosity of the PGK gene was observed in 5 (35.7%) cases, which all represent monoclonal origin. There was no significant difference according to country, stage, or HIV and HHV-8 (P>0.05). Conclusions The current findings suggest that Kaposi sarcoma is a clonal neoplasm, not a reactive proliferation.

STROBE Statementâ checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies. (DOCX 40Â kb)

Keywords: Oxynitride phosphor; Precursor method; White LEDs; Photoluminescence Abstract. Bluish-green BaSi2O2N2:Eu 2+ phosphors were synthesized by a method using Ba2SiO4 as a precursor. The luminescence properties and formation process of BaSi2O2N2:Eu 2+ phosphors formed by the method at varied Eu 2+ concentrations and varied temperatures were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectrometer photometer (PL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. Compared with a conventional solid-state reaction method, this method provided increased crystallinity and luminescence efficiency. A single phase of BaSi2O2N2:Eu 2+ was formed in the precursor method. Under 330 nm excitation, the BaSi2O2N2:Eu 2+ phosphors showed a broad emission band with a peak of 498 nm for varied Eu 2+ concentrations and showed the maximum emission peak intensity when Eu 2+ doping amount was 4%. These excellent luminescence properties suggested that BaSi2O2N2:Eu 2+ is an excellent phosphor for white LEDs.

Bluish-green Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 :Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by two-step synthesis processes using BaSiO 3 as a precursor. The samples were prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction, and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence spectrometer photometer (PL) respec-tively. The results of XRD illustrated that two-step method was beneficial to improve phases of Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 :Eu2+ phosphor and obtain higher crystallinity. The maximum luminescent intensi-ty of two-step process and high temperature solid-state method was obtained, when Eu2+ doping amount was 9%. After calcul-ation, the distance of quenching was determined at 18.71 Ǻ. Compared the emission spectrum of two-step process(the emission peak at 498 nm) with high-temperature solid phase method (the emission peak at 517 nm) under the excitation of 330 nm, an apparent electrophoresis of the blue shift was existed. And the emission peak of two-step process was closer to the value of theoretical (480nm). The results of energy spectrum analysis clarified that the elements content of two-step method was closer to the theoretical stoichiometry ratio, which indicated that two-step preparation of Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 :Eu2+ phosphor was an effective way to reduce the lattice defects.

The Donnell theory of shell was applied to describe shell motion. The inner and outer shells were stiffened by transverse components. Using deformation harmonious conditions of the interface, the effects of stiffeners were treated as reverse forces and moments on the double cylindrical shell. In the acoustic field produced by vibration and sound radiation of the double shell, the structure dynamic equation, Helmholtz equation in the fluid field and the continuity conditions of the surface of fluid-structure compose the vibration equation coupled by the sound-fluid-structure. The extract of acoustic pressure comes down to the extract of coupling vibration equation. The near field acoustic pressure can be solved directly by complicated calculational methods.

Magnetic–luminescent nanoparticles are now attracting great attention in biochemistry and biomedicine for their promising bifunctional characteristics. In this work, we propose a strategy of Li+ doping to enhance both the luminescent and magnetic properties of Fe3O4@Y2O3:Eu3+ core–shell particles. A comprehensive investigation of phase assembly, microscopic morphology, luminescence, and magnetic characteristics of the bifunctional particles was carried out. The core–shell structured particles have a spherical morphology and the agglomerated particle size is ~1 μm in diameter. Under 254 nm excitation, the co-doped sample (5 mol-% Li+) with a dominant emission peak at 612 nm, exhibits luminescence 2.35 times more intense than the undoped sample (0 mol-% Li+). Li+ doping also leads to an improved saturation magnetisation, which was 2.41 times greater than the undoped sample.

Background/Aims: SPAK (STE20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) is a powerful regulator of renal tubular ion transport and blood pressure. Moreover, SPAK contributes to the regulation of cell volume. Little is known, however, about a role of SPAK in the regulation or organic solutes. The present study thus addressed the influence of SPAK on the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Methods: To this end, cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2 were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type, SPAK, WNK1 insensitive inactive T233ASPAK, constitutively active T233ESPAK, and catalytically inactive D212ASPAK. Electrogenic peptide (glycine-glycine) transport was determined by dual electrode voltage clamp and PEPT2 protein abundance in the cell membrane by chemiluminescence. Intestinal electrogenic peptide transport was estimated from peptide induced current in Ussing chamber experiments of jejunal segments isolated from gene targeted mice expressing SPAK resistant to WNK-dependent activation (spaktg/tg) and respective wild-type mice (spak+/+). Results: In PEPT1 and in PEPT2 expressing oocytes, but not in oocytes injected with water, the dipeptide gly-gly (2 mM) generated an inward current, which was significantly decreased following coexpression of SPAK. The effect of SPAK on PEPT1 was mimicked by T233ESPAK, but not by D212ASPAK or T233ASPAK. SPAK decreased maximal peptide induced current of PEPT1. Moreover, SPAK decreased carrier protein abundance in the cell membrane of PEPT2 expressing oocytes. In intestinal segments gly-gly generated a current, which was significantly higher in spaktg/tg than in spak+/+ mice. Conclusion: SPAK is a powerful regulator of peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.

Background A new histological classification by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) for lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) was proposed recently, in which a micropapillary pattern (MPP) was described. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of LAC with MPP (LAC-MPP) and to investigate the correlation between LAC-MPP and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status with the prognosis in Chinese patients. Patients and methods From May 2007 and February 2012, two hundred and forty-eight patients underwent resection and pathologically confirmed LAC. We classified all cases histologically according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification; an MPP ratio ≥5% was considered MPP-positive. Used Pearson's chi-square test to evaluate the relationships between EGFR mutation status and MPP status with patient clinicopathological characteristics. Results There were MPP-positive tumors (MPP ratio ≥5%) in 31.9% of cases (79/248); the MPP ratio correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03). EGFR mutation (EGFR-mut) was detected in 87 cases (34.3%); 161 cases had wild-type EGFR (EGFR-wt). EGFR mutation was present in 65% of the MPP-positive subtype. Patients with EGFR-mut tumors had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002). OS was also significantly longer in MPP-negative EGFR-mut or EGFR-wt patients (p Conclusion These findings indicate that EGFR-mut tumors are likelier to be MPP-positive subtypes and that MPP may be a novel potential pathological marker of poor prognosis in Chinese LAC patients.

A new two-dimensional fast steering mirror (FSM) based on piezoelectric actuators is designed, which has high scanning angle and resonance frequency. The FSM is driven by three piezoelectric actuators. Each piezoelectric actuator and its displacement amplification mechanism compose of the Amplified Piezoelectric Actuator (APA). The three APAs have a staggered arrangement to acquire compact structure and close driven point. The mechanism structure and principle of the FSM are introduced. The algorithm of decoupling and hysteresis compensation is proposed. In order to test the performance of the FSM, a performance test system is built up. The test result shows that the FSM has a two-dimensional scanning angle of 2°, two axis' nonlinearities of 1.7% and 1.1% after compensation and main resonance frequency of 640Hz and 1290Hz.