Search

presentation at kuwikitips & tools #6 Vortrag »Verbindung zum Weltwissen. Bilder mit Wikidata erschließen« von Michael Müller und Georg Schelbertim Rahmen der Veranstaltung »Wikidata«, Vortragsreihe kuwiki tips & tools der AG kuwiki. Kunstwissenschaften + Wikipedia kuwiki tips & tools #6: Wikidata 11.05.2023, 18.00–19.30 Uhr, online

IntroductionOver the years, the molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma has evolved significantly. Both POLEmut and MMRdef cases share tumor biological similarities like high tumor mutational burden and induce strong lymphatic reactions. While therefore use case scenarios for pretesting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to replace molecular analysis did not show promising results, such testing may be warranted in cases where an inverse prediction, such as that of POLEwt, is being considered. For that reason we used a spatial digital pathology method to quantitatively examine CD3+ and CD8+ immune infiltrates in comparison to conventional histopathological parameters, prognostics and as potential pretest before molecular analysis.MethodsWe applied a four-color multiplex immunofluorescence assay for pan-cytokeratin, CD3, CD8, and DAPI on 252 endometrial carcinomas as testing and compared it to further 213 cases as validation cohort from a similar multiplexing assay. We quantitatively assessed immune infiltrates in microscopic distances within the carcinoma, in a close distance of 50 microns, and in more distant areas.ResultsRegarding prognostics, high CD3+ and CD8+ densities in intra-tumoral and close subregions pointed toward a favorable outcome. However, TCGA subtyping outperforms prognostication of CD3 and CD8 based parameters. Different CD3+ and CD8+ densities were significantly associated with the TCGA subgroups, but not consistently for histopathological parameter. In the testing cohort, intra-tumoral densities of less than 50 intra-tumoral CD8+ cells/mm2 were the most suitable parameter to assume a POLEwt, irrespective of an MMRdef, NSMP or p53abn background. An application to the validation cohort corroborates these findings with an overall sensitivity of 95.5%.DiscussionMolecular confirmation of POLEmut cases remains the gold standard. Even if CD3+ and CD8+ cell densities appeared less prognostic than TCGA, low intra-tumoral CD8+ values predict a POLE wild-type at substantial percentage rates, but not vice versa. This inverse correlation might be useful to increase pretest probabilities in consecutive POLE testing. Molecular subtyping is currently not conducted in one-third of cases deemed low-risk based on conventional clinical and histopathological parameters. However, this percentage could potentially be increased to two-thirds by excluding sequencing of predicted POLE wild-type cases, which could be determined through precise quantification of intra-tumoral CD8+ cells.

Der Vortrag lotet die Möglichkeiten aus, wissenschaftlich orientierte Objekt- und Bilddatenbanken an das Linked Open Data Web unter Verwendung von Wikidata als Referenzdatenhub anzubinden. Hierzu werden konzeptuelle Überlegungen und darauf aufbauende praktische Zwischenergebnisse aus der Arbeit mit dem Datenbestand der kunsthistorischen Lehrbildsammlung der Humboldt-Universität vorgestellt. Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture.

Introduction The incidence of patella fracture is statistically low (0.5–1.5%) compared to other fractures of the extremities [Patella fractures 76(10):987–997, 2005]. In the latter research, patella fractures if treated surgically present an overall inferior functional outcome. Little is known about the influence of the postoperative patella height on the clinical outcome. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the influence of the patella height on the patients’ functional outcome after surgery. Methods In this retrospective study the in-house trauma register of our level I University trauma center was screened for patients suffering patella fractures treated surgically. Patella height of the same patients was evaluated on lateral X-rays using the Insall–Salvati Ratio (ISR). The patients’ X-rays were analyzed at two time points for the ISR, whereas group A presents ISR data right after surgery and group B data at the latest follow up (minimum 6 weeks). The change of mean ISR at both time points was tested for significance. The functional outcome was measured by the “Munich Knee Questionaire” (MKQ). These MKQ results of different patella heights and fracture types were compared. Results The screening of our in-house trauma register revealed 375 patients between the years 2003 and 2016. Out of these 54 patients (34f, 20 m) were enrolled. In detail the follow-up time for ISR between group A and B accounted for a mean of 503.8 ± 655.7 days. The MKQ was assessed at a mean of 1367.0 ± 1042.8 days after surgery. According to the AO-classification 10% AO.34 type B and 90% AO.34 type C fractures were found. Group A showed in 9.1% a patella baja and in 27.3% a patella alta compared to group B presenting 20.0% patella baja and 14.5% patella alta. There was no significant difference in functional outcome referring to the MKQ in patella alta (MKQ 69.0% ± 18.2) or baja (MKQ 67.1% ± 17.9) (p = 0.9). No significant functional difference between AO34.type B (MKQ 74.5% ± 11.0) and AO34.type C fractures (MKQ 64.0% ± 15.0) resulted (p = 0.1). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that different postoperative patella heights apparently do not influence the functional outcome in the short follow-up.

In this paper, various averaging techniques commonly used in turbomachinery applications are analyzed. It is shown how the work average relates to Miller’s mechanical work potential and that it is, in a certain way, consistent with Hartsel’s cooled turbine efficiency. It is found that a key to understand these approaches is to analyze the impact that entropy variations at inflows have on them. Second-order asymptotics of mixing entropy are used to establish a close relationship between flux and work averages. It is found that the mixing entropy asymptotic due to entropy modes is identical for both averages. The work average, along with Miller’s mechanical work potential analysis, is as optimistic as the entropy average for vorticity and acoustic modes, but as pessimistic as the flux averaging for entropy variations. This explains why mechanical work potential based analysis is pessimistic about the inflow and thus optimistic about the efficiency of a turbine for high entropy variations in the inflow, e.g. in the presence of hot streaks or film cooling. Radial averaging techniques are discussed and their impact on turbine performance is shown. Our findings are illustrated by means of the analysis of steady and unsteady flow simulations of a 1.5 stage turbine configuration.

Background While vaccination programs against the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are globally ongoing, disparate strategies for the deployment of spike antigen show varying effectiveness. Methods In order to explore this phenomenon, we sought to compare the early immune responses against AZD1222 and BNT162b2. SARS-CoV-2 seronegative participants received a single dose of either vaccine and were analyzed for immune cell, effector T cell, and antibody dynamics. Results AZD1222 induced transient leukopenia and major changes among innate and adaptive subpopulations. Both vaccines induced spike protein-specific effector T cells which were dominated by type 1 helper T cell responses following AZD1222 vaccination. A significant reduction of anti-inflammatory T cells upon re-stimulation was also restricted to AZD1222 vaccinees. While IgM and IgG were the dominant isotypes elicited by AZD1222, BNT162b2 led to a significant production of IgG and IgA. Conclusions Our results suggest that the strategy for spike protein delivery impacts on how and to what extent immune priming against the main SARS-CoV-2 antigen proceeds.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 3. Gifs of dosimetric results segmented outliers.

Additional file 1. Results synthetic experiments.

Additional file 2.

AIMS To save time and have more consistent contours, fully automatic segmentation of targets and organs at risk (OAR) is a valuable asset in radiotherapy. Though current deep learning (DL) based models are on par with manual contouring, they are not perfect and typical errors, as false positives, occur frequently and unpredictably. While it is possible to solve this for OARs, it is far from straightforward for target structures. In order to tackle this problem, in this study, we analyzed the occurrence and the possible dose effects of automated delineation outliers. METHODS First, a set of controlled experiments on synthetically generated outliers on the CT of a glioblastoma (GBM) patient was performed. We analyzed the dosimetric impact on outliers with different location, shape, absolute size and relative size to the main target, resulting in 61 simulated scenarios. Second, multiple segmentation models where trained on a U-Net network based on 80 training sets consisting of GBM cases with annotated gross tumor volume (GTV) and edema structures. On 20 test cases, 5 different trained models and a majority voting method were used to predict the GTV and edema. The amount of outliers on the predictions were determined, as well as their size and distance from the actual target. RESULTS We found that plans containing outliers result in an increased dose to healthy brain tissue. The extent of the dose effect is dependent on the relative size, location and the distance to the main targets and involved OARs. Generally, the larger the absolute outlier volume and the distance to the target the higher the potential dose effect. For 120 predicted GTV and edema structures, we found 1887 outliers. After construction of the planning treatment volume (PTV), 137 outliers remained with a mean distance to the target of 38.5 ± 5.0 mm and a mean size of 1010.8 ± 95.6 mm3. We also found that majority voting of DL results is capable to reduce outliers. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there is a severe risk of false positive outliers in current DL predictions of target structures. Additionally, these errors will have an evident detrimental impact on the dose and therefore could affect treatment outcome.

Additional file 2. Results deep learning segmented outliers.

Background Optimal multiple trauma care should be continuously provided during the day and night. Several studies have demonstrated worse outcomes and higher mortality in patients admitted at night. This study involved the analysis of a population of multiple trauma patients admitted at night and a comparison of various indicators of the quality of care at different admission times. Methods Data from 58,939 multiple trauma patients from 2007 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All data were obtained from TraumaRegister DGU®. Patients were grouped by the time of their admission to the trauma center (6.00 am–11.59 am (morning), 12.00 pm–5.59 pm (afternoon), 6.00 pm–11.59 pm (evening), 0.00 am–5.59 am (night)). Incidences, patient demographics, injury patterns, trauma center levels and trauma care times and outcomes were evaluated. Results Fewer patients were admitted during the night (6.00 pm–11.59 pm: 18.8% of the patients, 0.00–5.59 am: 4.6% of the patients) than during the day. Patients who arrived between 0.00 am–5.59 am were younger (49.4 ± 22.8 years) and had a higher injury severity score (ISS) (21.4 ± 11.5) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (11.6 ± 4.4) than those admitted during the day (12.00 pm–05.59 pm; age: 55.3 ± 21.6 years, ISS: 20.6 ± 11.4, GCS: 12.6 ± 4.0). Time in the trauma department and time to an emergency operation were only marginally different. Time to imaging was slightly prolonged during the night (0.00 am–5.59 am: X-ray 16.2 ± 19.8 min; CT scan 24.3 ± 18.1 min versus 12.00 pm- 5.59 pm: X-ray 15.4 ± 19.7 min; CT scan 22.5 ± 17.8 min), but the delay did not affect the outcome. The outcome was also not affected by level of the trauma center. There was no relevant difference in the Revised Injury Severity Classification II (RISC II) score or mortality rate between patients admitted during the day and at night. There were no differences in RISC II scores or mortality rates according to time period. Admission at night was not a predictor of a higher mortality rate. Conclusion The patient population and injury severity vary between the day and night with regard to age, injury pattern and trauma mechanism. Despite the differences in these factors, arrival at night did not have a negative effect on the outcome.

Few-cycle lasers are essential for many research areas such as attosecond physics that promises to address fundamental questions in science and technology. Therefore, further advancements are connected to significant progress in the underlying laser technology. Here, two-stage nonlinear compression of a 660 W femtosecond fiber laser system is utilized to achieve unprecedented average power levels of energetic ultrashort or even few-cycle laser pulses. In a first compression step 408 W, 320 uJ, 30fs pulses are achieved, which can be further compressed to 216 W, 170 uJ, 6.3 fs pulses in a second compression stage. This is the highest average power few-cycle laser system presented so far. It is expected to significantly advance the fields of high harmonic generation and attosecond science.

Emerging hardware platforms are characterized by large degrees of parallelism, complex memory hierarchies, and increasing hardware heterogeneity. Their theoretical peak data processing performance can only be unleashed if the different pieces of systems software collaborate much more closely and if their traditional dependencies and interfaces are redesigned. We have developed the key concepts and a prototype implementation of a novel system software stack named mxkernel. For MxKernel, efficient large scale data processing capabilities are a primary design goal. To achieve this, heterogeneity and parallelism become first-class citizens and deep memory hierarchies are considered from the very beginning. Instead of a classical “thread” model, mxkernel provides a simpler control flow abstraction: mxtasks model closed units of work, for which mxkernel will guarantee the required execution semantics, such exclusive access to a specific object in memory. They can be a very elegant abstraction also for heterogeneity and resource sharing. Furthermore, mxtasks are annotated with metadata, such as code variants (to support heterogeneity), memory access behavior (to improve cache efficiency and support memory hierarchies), or dependencies between mxtasks (to improve scheduling and avoid synchronization cost). With precisely the required metadata available, mxkernel can provide a lightweight, yet highly efficient form of resource management, even across applications, operating system, and database. Based on the mxkernel prototype we present preliminary results from this ambitious undertaking. We argue that threads are an ill-suited control flow abstraction for our modern computer architectures and that a task-based execution model is to be favored., Datenbank-Spektrum;20

Enzymatic hydroxylation of unactivated primary carbons is generally associated with the use of molecular oxygen as co-substrate for monooxygenases. However, in anaerobic cholesterol-degrading bacteria such as Sterolibacterium denitrificans the primary carbon of the isoprenoid side chain is oxidised to a carboxylate in the absence of oxygen. Here, we identify an enzymatic reaction sequence comprising two molybdenum-dependent hydroxylases and one ATP-dependent dehydratase that accomplish the hydroxylation of unactivated primary C26 methyl group of cholesterol with water: (i) hydroxylation of C25 to a tertiary alcohol, (ii) ATP-dependent dehydration to an alkene via a phosphorylated intermediate, (iii) hydroxylation of C26 to an allylic alcohol that is subsequently oxidised to the carboxylate. The three-step enzymatic reaction cascade divides the high activation energy barrier of primary C–H bond cleavage into three biologically feasible steps. This finding expands our knowledge of biological C–H activations beyond canonical oxygenase-dependent reactions., Monooxygenases catalyse the hydroxylation of C-H bonds using oxygen as a co-substrate, which, in turn, is unavailable for anaerobic bacteria. Here, the authors report a three-step reaction cascade involving two hydroxylases and one dehydratase which hydroxylate the C26 methyl group of cholesterol with water as a co-substrate.

Visual interpretation of electroencephalography (EEG) is time consuming, may lack objectivity, and is restricted to features detectable by a human. Computer-based approaches, especially deep learning, could potentially overcome these limitations. However, most deep learning studies focus on a specific question or a single pathology. Here we explore the potential of deep learning for EEG-based diagnostic and prognostic assessment of patients with acute consciousness impairment (ACI) of various etiologies. EEGs from 358 adults from a randomized controlled trial (CERTA, NCT03129438) were retrospectively analyzed. A convolutional neural network was used to predict the clinical outcome (based either on survival or on best cerebral performance category) and to determine the etiology (four diagnostic categories). The largest probability output served as marker for the confidence of the network in its prediction ("certainty factor"); we also systematically compared the predictions with raw EEG data, and used a visualization algorithm (Grad-CAM) to highlight discriminative patterns. When all patients were considered, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.721 for predicting survival and 0.703 for predicting the outcome based on best CPC; for patients with certainty factor ≥ 60 % the AUCs increased to 0.776 and 0.755 respectively; and for certainty factor ≥ 75 % to 0.852 and 0.879. The accuracy for predicting the etiology was 54.5 %; the accuracy increased to 67.7 %, 70.3 % and 84.1 % for patients with certainty factor of 50 %, 60 % and 75 % respectively. Visual analysis showed that the network learnt EEG patterns typically recognized by human experts, and suggested new criteria. This work demonstrates for the first time the potential of deep learning-based EEG analysis in critically ill patients with various etiologies of ACI. Certainty factor and post-hoc correlation of input data with prediction help to better characterize the method and pave the route for future implementations in clinical routine.

Enzymes often convert both physiological and non-physiological substrates with high stereoselectivity; yet, for some enzymes, opposite product chirality is observed. A possible explanation is the existence of hidden specificities becoming apparent when non-physiological substrates confer different substrate-enzyme interactions than the physiological substrate. To test this hypothesis, a series of α-methylated β-keto esters were converted with Tyl-KR1, a ketoreductase from polyketide synthesis in Streptomyces fradiae. The conversions of six substrates with different physicochemical properties exhibited enantioselectivities ranging from 84 % ee for R,R to 84 % ee for S,S, yet high and uniform diastereoselectivity (anti, d.r.>9:1). The exchange of a single atom, namely an oxygen ester instead of a thioester, led to almost complete loss of enantioselectivity (

Crystallization tendency and the state of oxidic slags are important influencing factors for slag viscosity and therefore slag tapping. During the gasification process slag is constantly produced and flows down the gasifier walls until it is intercepted and stored for further treatment or a possible valorisation. The kinds of fuel used for gasification lead to different kinds of slag composition likewise. Slag viscosity is strongly influenced by the composition of the slag and the temperature. However, the process of crystallization represents another major influencing factor. Slag crystallization is also affected by several parameters, whose effects need to be considered in experimental studies. This study investigated the impact of the sample state, the chosen crucible material, and the oxygen partial pressure on the crystallization of a Fe-rich oxidic slag in the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) experiment. Using sample powder may lead to heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization during heating due to heterogeneous melting of the compounds. The selection of crucible material is crucial to prevent alloy formation of Fe-species with Pt-crucibles under reducing atmosphere. Finally, the partial pressure of oxygen influences the crystallization tendency as well as the morphology of the crystallized phases. These parameters impede the reproducibility of results as well as the comparison with results deriving from other experiments like sample quenching. This contribution provides an enhanced understanding of the stated parameter effects on the experimental investigation of oxidic slags using the CLSM setup and yields advice to prevent experimental influence on the results. ispartof: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy vol:6 issue:2 pages:216-226 status: Published online

Additional file 2: Survey.

Being permanently confronted with an uncertain world, brains have faced evolutionary pressure to represent this uncertainty in order to respond appropriately. Often, this requires visiting multiple interpretations of the available information or multiple solutions to an encountered problem. This gives rise to the so-called mixing problem: since all of these "valid" states represent powerful attractors, but between themselves can be very dissimilar, switching between such states can be difficult. We propose that cortical oscillations can be effectively used to overcome this challenge. By acting as an effective temperature, background spiking activity modulates exploration. Rhythmic changes induced by cortical oscillations can then be interpreted as a form of simulated tempering. We provide a rigorous mathematical discussion of this link and study some of its phenomenological implications in computer simulations. This identifies a new computational role of cortical oscillations and connects them to various phenomena in the brain, such as sampling-based probabilistic inference, memory replay, multisensory cue combination, and place cell flickering., Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hpi-10.1177_1120700020978194 for Diclofenac for prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty: a systematic review by Henryk Haffer, Michael Müller, Rudolf Ascherl, Carsten Perka and Tobias Winkler in HIP International

(1) Background: Degeneration of the hip abductor mechanism, a well-known cause of functional limitation, is difficult to treat and is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The gluteus maximus muscle flap is a treatment option to support a severely degenerative modified gluteus medius muscle. Although several reports exist on the clinical outcome, there remains a gap in the literature regarding HRQOL in conjunction with functional results. (2) Methods: The present study consists of 18 patients with a mean age of 64 (53‒79) years, operatively treated with a gluteus maximus flap due to chronic gluteal deficiency. Fifteen (83%) of these patients presented a history of total hip arthroplasty or revision arthroplasty. Pre and postoperative pain, Trendelenburg sign, internal rotation lag sign, trochanteric pain syndrome, the Harris Hip Score (HHS), and abduction strength after Janda (0‒5) were evaluated. Postoperative patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life, according to the Short Form 36 (SF-36), were used as patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs). Postoperative MRI scans were performed in 13 cases (72%). (3) Results: Local pain decreased from NRS 6.1 (0&ndash, 10) to 4.9 (0&ndash, 8) and 44% presented with a negative Trendelenburg sign postoperatively. The overall HHS results (p = 0.42) and muscular abduction strength (p = 0.32) increased without significance. The postoperative HRQOL reached 46.8 points (31.3&ndash, 62.6) for the mental component score and 37.1 points (26.9&ndash, 54.7) for the physical component score. The physical component results presented a high level of positive correlation with HHS scores postoperatively (R = 0.88, p &lt, 0.001). Moreover, 72% reported that they would undergo the operative treatment again. The MRI overall showed no significant further loss of muscle volume and no further degeneration of muscular tissue. (4) Conclusions: Along with fair functional results, the patients treated with a gluteus maximus flap transfer presented satisfying long-term PROMs. Given this condition, the gluteus maximus muscle flap transfer is a viable option for selected patients with chronic gluteal deficiency.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Membership structure of Konvent der leitenden Krankenhauschirurgen (Convention of leading Hospital Surgeons).