Search

Resume Les metastases oculaires du cancer du sein sont devenues moins anecdotiques depuis que le traitement systemique permet de prolonger la survie des patientes. Il faut donc savoir evoquer ce diagnostic. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 73 ans chez qui a ete decouverte une metastase orbitaire d’un cancer du sein meconnu. Le signe clinique le plus frequent au moment du diagnostic est l’exophtalmie. Une fois le diagnostic etabli, le pronostic est pejoratif. Le traitement de reference reste la radiotherapie et necessite une equipe pluridisciplinaire.

This paper reviews the last major realizations in the field of monolithic integration of NEMS with CMOS. This integration scheme not only drastically improves the efficiency of the electrical detection of the NEMS motion. Our analysis is that it also represents a compulsory milestone to practically implement breakthrough applications of NEMS, such as mass spectrometry, that require large capture cross section (VLSI-arrayed NEMS) and individual addressing (co-integration of NEMS arrays with CMOS for closed-loop operation).

We present a completely new concept of miniaturized gyroscopes based on Si nanowire piezo-resistive detection. This concept enables to realize extremely compact single-chip 3D gyroscopes while maintaining high performances: performances for consumer applications are obtained with a size of the mechanical part of 0.5mm2/axis, which is 2 to 4 times smaller than state of the art gyroscopes. Moreover the extremely high sensitivity obtained with this concept enables to implement designs with high frequency mismatch between drive and sense mechanical modes, which implies high linear range in open-loop detection, large bandwidth, lower sensitivity to technological variations and low resolution dependency on sense quality factor. We present more precisely first results obtained for Z gyroscopes which have resolution below 0.05°/s/√Hz.

We present for the first time a new concept for low-cost fabrication of a monolithic 3-axis MEMS compass using integrated permanent magnets and based on a technology compatible with inertial MEMS sensors. Piezoresistive gauges of nanometric scale enable to reduce the sensor size without sensitivity loss. Magnetometers were designed for sensitivities of 9V/T and resolutions less than 10nT/√Hz at a bridge current of 100µA and with an active surface of typically 200µm × 300µm. Ultra-low power consumption below 10µW can be achieved. First demonstrators have shown the good reliability of the concept and are in good agreement with design.

In-situ friction characterization during chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was investigated to understand delamination mechanisms of a porous ultra low-k (ULK)/Cu stack. By quantifying the delaminated area within the wafer, it was shown that adhesion failure is driven by the work done against the CMP-induced friction force, and is correlated to the adhesion strength of the weakest interface. A low-stress CMP was successfully achieved on a first level of ULK/Cu interconnects having a low adhesion SiC/ULK interface (Gc=1.3 J/m/sup 2/) and a porous dielectric material with low mechanical properties (Young's modulus E=3.5 GPa, hardness H=0.7 GPa).

Optimal metabolic control is a primary management objective for adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nutrition therapy plays an important role in meeting this challenging treatment goal. This article presents broad nutrition goals, makes macronutrient recommendations, and describes their effect on blood glucose levels. Various meal-planning techniques and other developmentally appropriate approaches to assist adolescents in meeting these nutrition objectives are described. Finally, challenges in implementing nutrition therapy in an adolescent population are discussed.