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Using the multidimensional analysis conducted on a corpus of 40 texts, this positivist study investigates the linguistic variation between philosophical fiction and non-fiction prose writings based on the scores of five dimensions calculated by MAT software. It uses the functional mapping of linguistic items to justify the differences in the dimension scores of both categories. The study finds that score difference on dimension three named explicit versus situation-dependent is quite significant because philosophical non-fiction is highly explicit in references. It hints at the independent status of the two types of writing as sub-genres of the philosophical prose.

Herein, we report the existence of a novel semiconductor–metal–semiconductor type transition in Fe3O4 nanoparticles by employing impedance spectroscopy techniques.

Using the multidimensional analysis conducted on a corpus of 40 texts, this positivist study investigates the linguistic variation between philosophical fiction and non-fiction prose writings based on the scores of five dimensions calculated by MAT software. It uses the functional mapping of linguistic items to justify the differences in the dimension scores of both categories. The study finds that score difference on dimension three named explicit versus situation-dependent is quite significant because philosophical non-fiction is highly explicit in references. It hints at the independent status of the two types of writing as sub-genres of the philosophical prose.

This study employs a semi-analytical approach, called Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM), to analyze a coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission model of fractional order. The proposed method employs Caputo's fractional derivatives and Reimann-Liouville fractional integral sense to solve the underlying model. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first application of an optimal homotopy asymptotic scheme for better estimation of the future dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our proposed fractional-order scheme for the parameterized model is based on the available number of infected cases from January 21 to January 28, 2020, in Wuhan City of China. For the considered real-time data, the basic reproduction number is R0 ≈ 2.48293 that is quite high. The proposed fractional-order scheme for solving the COVID-19 fractional-order model possesses some salient features like producing closed-form semi-analytical solutions, fast convergence and non-dependence on the discretization of the domain. Several graphical presentations have demonstrated the dynamical behaviors of subpopulations involved in the underlying fractional COVID-19 model. The successful application of the scheme presented in this work reveals new horizons of its application to several other fractional-order epidemiological models. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

Magnetite (Fe

Background: Ludwig’s angina is a rapidly expanding cellulitis involving the floor of mouth and sub mandibular space predominantly due to dental / periodontal infections. Aim: To determine the management outcomes in the patients of Ludwig’s Angina. Place and duration of study: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Duration was two years from August 2018 to July 2020. Study design: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive type of study Methodology: Patients of any age and gender who were clinically diagnosed as Ludwig angina and required hospitalization during the study duration were included in the study. Data regarding age, gender underlying cause, mode of presentation, treatment and complications were collected and analyzed. Patients with mild infection who did not require hospital admission were excluded from the study. Results: Out of total 32 cases, 20(62.5%) were males and 12(37.5%) were females. Age range was 10 to 70 years. In 28 (87.5%) cases, the cause was dental infection. All patients presented with pain and swelling of sub mandibular region. Four (12.5%) patients were improved with conservative treatment while 28(87.5%) underwent incision and drainage. Two (6.25%) patients needed tracheostomy. One (3.1%) patient developed complication (mediastinitis) and could not revive. Conclusion: Ludwig's angina is a disease of any age and gender commonly seen among the patients of preexisting dental infection. It can be life threatening if presented late with complication. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment decrease morbidity and mortality. Key words: Angina, Ludwing, Cellulitis, Submandibular region.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the functional outcomes and mean duration of union in femoral shaft fracture in children treated with elastic intra-medullary nailing. Study Design:Retrospective Place and Duration: Conducted at Orthopaedic Unit Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and District Headquarter Teaching Hospital Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan for duration from May 2020 to January 2021 (09 months). Methods: Total sixty eight patients with age ranges between 5-12 years were presented in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex and BMI were calculated after taking informed written consent. Complete patients were treated with elastic intramedullary nailing. Radiological assessment was done. Mean union time and complications associated to procedure were examined. Functional outcomes were analyzed according to the Flyn’s criteria. Follow-up was taken at 8 months postoperatively. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Out of 68 patients, there were 48 (68.6%) males and 20 (31.4%) females. Most of the patients 41 (60.35) were aged between 8-12 years and the rest 27 (39.65%) were between 5-8 years.34 (50%) fractures were caused because of road accidents, falling from height were 20 (29.41%), due to sports were 10 (14.70%) and 4 (5.9%) were due to simple fall. 32 (47.06%) patients had left side fracture and 36 (52.94%) had right side fracture. Mean union time among patients was 4.14±2.72 months and there was no any case of non union. According to Flyn’s criteria, 50 (73.53%) cases had excellent results, 14 (20.6%) patients had good and fair results were among 4 (5.9%) cases. Complications were observed bone stiffness, delayed union and varus deformity among all cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study thatElastic intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children is safe and effective treatment modality. Union of bone achieved all the patients and majority of patients had excellent functional outcomes. Keywords: Femoral shaft fractures, Children, Elastic intra-medullary nail

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the outcomes between percutaneous cross pinning vs two lateral pinning in treatment of closed reduction supracondylar fracture of humerus in children. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Orthopaedic Unit Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and DHQ Teaching Hospital Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan during from October 2019 to May 2020 (09 months duration). Methods: Total 60 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Baseline demographically details of patients age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking consent. Patients were aged between 2-14 years were included. Children who had supracondylar humerus fractures were enrolled and divided equally into 2-groups. Group I had 30 patients and received percutaneous cross pinning technique and group II had 35 patients underwent for lateral pinning. Radiological and functional results were assessed by Flynn’s criteria among both groups, frequency of complications was also observed. Complete date was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Total 36 (60%) were males (18 in each group) and 24 (40%) were females (12 in each group. Mean age of the patients in group I was 6.14±3.12 years and in group II mean age was 5.66±5.28 years. Sports 45 (75%) was the most common cause of fracture followed by traffic accidents 10 (16.67%) and the rest were 5 (8.33%) fall from the height. Mean surgical time in group I was 31.24±2.16 minutes while in group II mean time was 33.42±1.61 minutes. Mean radiation time in group I was 2.01±1.1 sec and in group II radiation time was 1.34±1.1 sec. According flynn’s criteria excellent results were found in 20 (66.7%) cases, good results in 8 (26.7%) and fair results found in 2 (6.7%) while in group II excellent results were found in 19 (63.33%), good results in 9 (30%) and fair results in 2 (6.7%). Significantly no any difference in outcomes was observed among both groups. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the both techniques are safe and effective for the treatment of closed reduction supracondylar fracture of humerus in children but less operative and high radiation time was observed in percutaneous cross pinning as compared to two lateral pinning. Keywords: Percutaneous cross pinning, Two lateral pinning, Supracondylar humerus fracture, Children

In this work, we examine the time-fractional fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations with the aid of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The 2nd order approximate results obtained by using the suggested scheme are compared with the exact solution. It has been noted that the results achieved via OHAM have a large convergence rate for the problems. The solutions are graphically analyzed, and the relative errors are presented in tabular form.

The study of inflation through different prospects is being done for specific model of scalar f ( T ) gravity in two phases such as attractor ( n s ( N ) − 1 ∝ N − 1 ) and slow roll parameterizations. In the presence of these ingredients, we evaluate all inflationary parameters such as scalar spectral index, tensor to scalar ratio r and running of scalar spectral index and local non Gaussianity parameter. We also develop the inflationary planes n s − N , r − N , d n s d ln κ − N , d n s d ln κ − n s and f N L − n s . These planes show the viability of our outcomes with Planck data 2018.

We consider the ergodic (or additive eigenvalue) problem for the Neumann-type boundary-value problem for Hamilton–Jacobi equations and the corresponding discounted problems. Denoting by uλ the solution of the discounted problem with discount factor λ > 0, we establish the convergence of the whole family to a solution of the ergodic problem as λ → 0, and give a representation formula for the limit function via the Mather measures and Peierls function. As an interesting by-product, we introduce Mather measures associated with Hamilton–Jacobi equations with the Neumann-type boundary conditions. These results are variants of the main results in a recent paper by Davini et al., who study the same convergence problem on smooth compact manifolds without boundary.

This paper is devoted to discuss the attractor solutions of inflationary Chaplygin gas models such as generalized Chaplygin gas, modified Chaplygin gas and generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas in the framework of Randall–Sundrum type II braneworld scenario. We investigate the inflationary parameters like scalar spectral index [Formula: see text], tensor to scalar ratio [Formula: see text], and the running of scalar index [Formula: see text] as a function of e-folding numbers [Formula: see text] in the presence of attractor: [Formula: see text]. We evaluate and reformulate these parameters under high energy condition. In this inflationary scenario, we develop [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] planes. We also found that these cosmological parameters and perturbation strongly agree with the recent Planck data 2018 for considered Chaplygin gas models instead of [Formula: see text] in case of generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas.

By assuming generalized nonlinear and linear interaction term between dark matter and dark energy, we investigate the cosmic accelerated expansion of the universe. For this reason, we suppose a flat fractal universe platform as well as Tsallis holographic dark energy model. The Hubble horizon is being adopted as an infrared cutoff and extracted different cosmological parameters as well as plane. It is observed that equation-of-state parameter exhibits the quintom-like nature while ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) lies in thawing and freezing regions for different parametric values for both the cases. Furthermore, the squared sound speed shows stable behavior for nonlinear interaction term but shows the partially stable behavior for linear term. For both cases, the deceleration parameter leads to the accelerated phase of the universe and the consequences are comparable with observational data. The results for [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane, leads to the quintessence and phantom region of the universe for nonlinear case while this plane represents the Chaplygin gas behavior for linear term. The [Formula: see text] diagnostic also shows the satisfying results.

Efficient streaming of bandwidth intensive and delay sensitive multimedia contents over error prone wireless links has proven to be one of the most challenging problems of the current era of digital communication. However, applying Unequal Error Protection (UEP) strategies at application layer and avoiding unnecessary packet discard at MAC layer yield valuable outcomes and can be incorporated to address the challenge. In this article, we have proposed the idea of discriminating classified video streaming calls from the data packeting over an IEEE WLAN link through bit demarcation in network packet headers, where remarkable concept of UDP-Lite deployed at the transport layer further assists in UEP implementation of the inevitable video parts later on MAC layer. In this way, error computation at various network levels are evaluated and disabled in order to attain increased throughput characterized by the higher number of packets available for decoding, enhanced multimedia visual quality due to gap elimination (appears as a consequence of some frame loss), efficient utilization of link bandwidth with no re-transmissions and reduced delays with least error checksum computations and packet re-transmissions. Promising experimental outcomes have been shown in tabular and graphical forms, particularly represented through subjective assessment of the reconstructed video clips with an emphasis on viewer QoE (Quality of Experience).

Efficient streaming of bandwidth intensive and delay sensitive multimedia contents over error prone wireless links has proven to be one of the most challenging problems of current era of digital communication. Applying unequal error protection strategies and avoiding unnecessary packet discard at various network levels yield valuable outcomes. In this article, we have proposed the idea of discriminating classified video streaming calls from the data packeting over IEEE WLAN through bit demarcation in network packet headers. Error computation at various network levels are evaluated and disabled in order to attain increased throughput characterized by the higher number of packets available for decoding, enhanced multimedia visual quality due to gap elimination (appears as a consequence of some frame loss), efficient utilization of link bandwidth with no re-transmissions and reduced delays with least error checksum computations and packet re-transmissions. Moreover, collaborative estimation of various layers parameters results in proficient selection of streaming parameters like group of picture structure, inter spacing of anchor frames, constellation coding and signal power. The proposed system will be helpful in future information and communication systems by providing reliable video streaming over wireless.

We consider parameter estimation and stabilization for a one-dimensional Schrodinger equation with an unknown constant disturbance suffered from the boundary observation at one end and the non-collocated control at other end. An adaptive observer is designed in terms of measured position with unknown constant by the Lyapunov functional approach. By a backstepping transformation for infinite-dimensional systems, it is shown that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Meanwhile, the estimated parameter is shown to be convergent to the unknown parameter as time goes to infinity. The numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the proposed approach.

We consider stabilisation for a linear ordinary differential equation system with input dynamics governed by a heat equation, subject to boundary control matched disturbance. The active disturbance rejection control approach is applied to estimate, in real time, the disturbance with both constant high gain and time-varying high gain. The disturbance is cancelled in the feedback loop. The closed-loop systems with constant high gain and time-varying high gain are shown, respectively, to be practically stable and asymptotically stable.

We consider boundary stabilization for a one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli equation with boundary moment control and disturbance. The active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and sliding mode control (SMC) approaches are adopted in investigation. By the ADRC approach, a state feedback disturbance estimator with time-varying gain is designed to estimate the disturbance. It is shown that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable by canceling the disturbance in the feedback loop with its online estimation. In the second part, the SMC is applied to reject the disturbance. The well-posedness of the closed-loop system via SMC is proven, and the monotonicity of the "reaching condition" is presented without differentiating the sliding mode function which may not always exist for the weak solution. The numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the convergence and the peaking value reduction caused by the constant high gain. In addition, the control energies are compared numerically for two approaches.

We study the dynamical boundary value problem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations of the eikonal type with a small parameter. We establish two results concerning the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equations: one concerns with the convergence of solutions as the parameter goes to zero and the other with the large-time asymptotics of solutions of the limit equation.

The illustration of cosmic acceleration is being presented in the framework of DGP braneworld and dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity in the presence of casual Israel–Stewart formalism. In this way, we discuss the evolution parameter which leads to the accelerated expansion of the universe in the phantom as well as quintessence region for both gravities. The squared speed of sound [Formula: see text] leads to the stable behavior of the current physical system in both gravities in the later epoch. Also, the entropy variation, as well as thermal equilibrium condition, remains valid in both frameworks at the present and later epoch.

In this article, Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) is used to approximate results of time-fractional order Fokker-Planck equations. In this work, 3rd order results obtained through OHAM are compared with the exact solutions. It was observed that results from OHAM have better convergence rate for time-fractional order Fokker-Planck equations. The solutions are plotted and the relative errors are tabulated.

Genetic diversity in crops is essential to make improvements related to superior germplasms. Implementation of molecular markers to identify suitable genotypes speeds up the breeding progress by enhancing selection efficiency. This study was carried out to probe genetic diversity among 21 maize genotypes using 20 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We identified a total of 190 polymorphic bands with an average of 9.5 alleles per primer. The highest number of polymorphic bands (17) was found using ISSR marker UBC-10, whereas the lowest number of polymorphic bands (4) was found using UBC-809. The coefficient of genetic similarity ranged from 0.888 to 0.118%. The highest similarity was found between accessions 12 (015224) and 9 (015114), whereas the lowest similarity was found between genotypes 20 (EV-5098) and 14 (015030). The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.17 to 0.47. A dendrogram was generated based on Jaccard's distance matrix. The genotypes were found to group into two major clusters that could be further partitioned into two sub-clusters. Genotypes located within the same cluster are genetically more closely related to each other. The present study efficiently identified diverse genotypes that may be used for creating new varieties with distinct characteristics. The identified genotypes could be used as parents for future development of diverse populations.

In this research paper, we address the issues of expansion and gravitational collapse of anisotropic spherical source in the presence of cosmological constant. For this purpose, we have solved the Einstein field equations with gravitating source and cosmological constant. The absence of radial heat flux in the gravitating source provide the parametric form of two-metric functions in terms of a single-metric function. The expansion scalar and the mass function of the gravitating source is evaluated for the given metric. The trapping condition is applied to mass function which implies the existence of horizons, like the horizons of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black holes. The trapping condition provides the parametric form of the unknown metric function. The value of expansion scalar has been analyzed in detail to see its positivity and negativity, which correspond to expansion and collapse, respectively. So, the values of parameter [Formula: see text] for which expansion scalar is positive have been used to analyze the other physical variables including density, pressures and anisotropy. The same quantities have been evaluated for the values of [Formula: see text] that result in the negative values of expansion scalar leading to collapse. The effects of positive cosmological constant have been noted in both expansion and collapse solutions. Due to the presence of cosmological constant after collapse, there would occur inner and outer horizons or a unique horizon depending on the value of mass of the gravitating source.

There is not enough information available on drought-modulated gene(s) in Gossypium arboreum, which can be a valuable gene pool for improving modern cotton cultivars. In the present work, differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT) was used to compare overall differences in gene expression between water-stressed and control plants. By screening 93 primer-pair combinations, the DDRT technique resulted in upregulation of 30 cDNA transcripts. Through reamplification and quality control assay, ten cDNA transcripts appeared false positive. The remaining 20-cDNA transcripts were extracted from the gel, reamplified, cloned and sequenced. Homology search revealed that six transcripts showed significant homology with known genes. Real-time RT-PCR showed that, among six transcripts, five showed significant overexpression in water-stressed leaves as compared to control. This is an important finding since there are only few reports of universal stress protein, and transposable elements are available in plants but none in cotton under drought condition.

Error prone wireless channel induces error bursts in transmitted data frames and renders the frames unable to be decoded. Prevalent error control techniques work to combat the error effect through pre- or post- transmission control measures like FEC, ARQ, HARQ etc. All of these techniques induce some sort of processing and retransmission delay in net transmission duration. On other hand, applications transmitting multimedia contents and especially video contents are highly delay sensitive and exhibit hard real time requirements. However, a little degradation in quality of reconstructed video frames can be compromised for better throughput and minimized time delays. The idea of trade off between video quality and throughput has been proposed in this paper; implemented through a +modification to IEEE 802.11 frame format such that certain fields are marked to designate a frame as a video frame. Such designated frames are proposed to be treated differently from normal data frames in order to enhance video throughput and reduce transmission time delay. Results achieved are quite promising; although video frames with high motion contents possess degraded signal quality but perceptually the results seem satisfactory.

1,5 Diphenylcarbazide (DPC) functionalized sol–gel silicas (DPCSG) were prepared and investigated for the solid phase extraction of Hg(II) from aqueous solution by a batch equilibrium technique. The metal sorption properties of DPCSG were examined to evaluate their performance toward metal extraction under different controlling factors, such as pH of solutions, equilibration shaking times, effect of foreign ions and complexing agents. The equilibration was fast and was achieved within 30 min. Maximum extraction capacity of Hg(II) ions onto the DPCSG from non-competitive solutions was 5.6 mg/g (0.028 mmol/g) at 28 ± 2 °C and the enhancement factor was found to be 560 at optimized pH 6 when compared with control and commercial silica gel. The adsorption data obtained as a function of mercury concentration were fitted to a Langmuir adsorption model. The stripping and regeneration of the sorbent were reported and it was further observed that extraction and regeneration were indicated by the dark violet colouration and decoloration of the extractant, respectively. It is concluded from the extraction data that DPCSG is a promising material for the extraction of mercury.

Summary A TAN (1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol)) doped sol gel silica sorbent (reddish colour, porous, stable, hard, non- swelling) were prepared and investigated for the removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics, adsorption isotherm, equilibration time and pH effect on the removal were studied from non competitive aqueous solution to optimize the conditions to be utilized on a large scale. Fast equilibration was observed and adsorption equilibria were reached within 30minutes. Adsorption of zinc ions on the blank (un-doped) sol gel was found negligible. The maximum adsorption of Zn (II) ions onto the TAN doped sol-gel from single solutions were 2.33mg/g (0.035mmol/g). TAN doped sol gel can be regenerated through washing with a solution of 0.1M HCl solution. The maximum regeneration value was as high as 99.0. The TAN-doped sol gel silica is suitable at least for four adsorption-desorption cycles without experiencing considerable loss of adsorption capacity. The uptake route and the nature of the Zn-TAN complex have been discussed.

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol (PAN) doped sol-gel silica has been investigated for removal of metal ions from aqueous media. In the doped sol-gel silica, the large reagent molecules are entrapped inside the pores while small metal ions can diffuse into the pores where they are complexed by the reagent and retained inside the pores. This new solid sorbent was applied for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics, adsorption isotherm, equilibration time and pH effect on the removal were studied to optimize the conditions to be utilized on a large scale. It was observed that a sol gel loaded with 0.09 mmol PAN/g, had a capacity of 0.044 mmol Cd/g. The desorption of metal ions was carried by 1 M HCl and the sol-gel silica sorbent could be regenerated and reused repeatedly.

1-Naphthylthiocarbamide (ANTU) doped xerogel was prepared and investigated for removal of mercury ions from aqueous media. Physicochemical parameters such as effect of pH, equilibration time, and adsorption isotherm on the removal of mercury were evaluated to optimize the conditions to utilize the data on a large scale. It was observed that uptake and retention of mercury ions inside the pores take place by the formation of a complex with the entrapped reagent molecules. The data show that a xerogel doped with 0.2 mmol ANTU/g of sorbent can remove 0.096 mmol Hg. The probable composition of the mercury complex has been deduced and a removal mechanism is suggested. The regeneration and reuse of doped gel for the removal of targeted metal has been discussed.

An analytical model, based on stiffness degradation during fatigue loading, which has been used for fatigue life predictions in the Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP), is employed to examine its validity to the fatigue life predictions in the Woven Fabric Reinforced Plastics. The rate of stiffness degradation ( dE/dN) has been obtained from the constant amplitude fatigue testing of 8-ply coupons made from prepreg plainweave woven carbon fabric having a polyester resin as the matrix material. The test coupons had three different ply stacking sequences, namely, the unidirectional (0)8, and two off axis plied (0,0,+45,-45) s, and (+45,-45,0,0) s orientations. The estimated fatigue lives obtained from the damage rate function dD/dN, which in turn was a function of the stiffness degradation rate dE/dN, were compared with the experimentally observed fatigue life data. It is shown that the stiffness degradation model provides reasonably good correlation between the analytically determined fatigue lives and the experimentally observed fatigue lives for the plain-weave woven Carbon Fabric Reinforced Plastic Composites.

In a multi-camera setup, inter-sensor statistical redundancy should be eliminated most significantly to achieve higher compression efficiency. This consequently saves the required bandwidth for the resultant piece of information coming out of a camera sensor network. In this research work, Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) a video compression standard has been extended to eliminate inter-sensor statistical redundancy for a multi-camera setup. For the formulation of results from all aspects, two strategies have been designed for inter-sensor communication. Moreover system is designed to work under two working modes (named as Scenario-A and Scenario-B). Results formulated in graphical formats show the system performance for both communication strategies under both working modes. Overall system performnace higher compression gains are obtained at lower bitrates.

Wireless Sensor Networks are evolving rapidly and are becoming part of our every day life. Vast usage of these networks has resulted in development of many routing protocols for WSN. Sensor nodes have limited battery power, for which many protocols have been designed to use the available energy of the nodes in efficient manner. An energy aware routing algorithm has been developed . It works on location based routing strategy. The algorithm works on the values of average energy and minimum distance for efficient usage of energy and link reversing to cater for the problem of routing holes. In this research paper testing of routing algorithm has been performed. Black Box testing has been applied and found that the algorithm performs efficiently both in case of data delivery and energy consumption.

As the demands of the handheld devices and pervasive services are increasing, the issues of security have alarmingly risen. One can wonder about the pervasive services to be free of every security flaw. The paper suggests a mechanism for a trust based ad-hoc authentication with a distributed trust based mechanism and defined security policies related to access control for pervasive devices. The openness of a true pervasive environment has been encountered with the interaction history and recommendations. The architecture is designed to provide secure autonomous services for an assumed pervasive based scenario. The nature of pervasiveness is satisfied by allowing the novel user to proceed in the system but with the minimum trust initially, which changes dynamically depending on the actions which the user performs. It secures the privacy of the user by the implementation of security policies in the Security Manger(SM) in order to gain final access to the service.

A method is described for the synthesis, purification and radiolabelling of 2-{6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexyl}oxirane-2-carboxylic acid. For the synthesis of this new agent, 6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexylbromide ( 1 ), synthesized by the treatment of 4-bromophenol with 1,6-dibromohexane under basic conditions, was converted to diethyl 6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexylmalonate ( 2 ), which, on alkaline hydrolysis, yielded ethyl 6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexylmalonate ( 3 ). Ethyl 8-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-methyleneoctanoate ( 4 ), prepared from the monoester ( 3 ), was oxidized with m -chloroperbenzoic acid to yield ethyl 2-{6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexyl}oxirane-2-carboxylate ( 5 ). The method of radiolabelling, based on the Cu(I)Cl-assisted nucleophilic exchange reaction, resulted in regioselective radiobromination with a 45% radiochemical yield.

There is not enough information available on drought-modulated gene(s) in Gossypium arboreum, which can be a valuable gene pool for improving modern cotton cultivars. In the present work differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT) was used to compare overall differences in gene expression between water stressed and control plants. By screening 93 primer-pair combinations DDRT technique resulted in up-regulation of 30 cDNA transcripts. Through reamplification and quality control assay 10 cDNA transcripts appeared false positive. The remaining 20-cDNA transcripts were extracted from the gel, reamplified, cloned and sequenced. Homology search revealed that 6 transcripts showed significant homology with known genes. Real-time RT-PCR showed that among 6 transcripts 5 showed significant over expression in water stressed leaves as compared to control. This is an important finding since there are only few reports of universal stress protein and transposable elements are available in plants but none in cotton under drought condition.

This paper provides an efficient and cost effective solution for controlling and monitoring domestic and industrial electrical devices. Our solution works on a standard local area network using a specially designed hardware interfaced with an embedded Ethernet system using PIC microcontroller. During the course of the project, we developed various solutions to detect the status of any electrical appliance, to transmit its status over the LAN, and to control it using any PC having Internet access. We have modified the ICMP packets for communication among various components of our system. We have modified the data field of the ICMP ping packet into subfields of header and status indicators.

CPVC pipe fittings are tested under fatigue loading at 24, 50, and 70°C. Special fixtures are designed to simulate internal pressure in the couplings. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in the weld zone are studied. Results show that the initiation period is limited to less than 10% of the fatigue life. This is mainly due to the knit-line V-notch effect. Following initiation, the crack is observed to propagate in a discontinuous manner; growing faster in craze zones forming ahead of crack tip. Crack propagation rate, da/dN, is characterized with the stress intensity factor range, AK, assuming long through width crack and linear elastic fracture mechanics behavior. Fatigue crack growth (FCG) in the weld zone is found to exhibit inferior resistance as compared with that of the region away from weldline. In low AK region, crack growth rate da/dN shows complex short crack growth behavior. Increasing the temperature reduced FCG resistance of weld material and different da/dN-AK curves were obtained at different temperatures. These curves were brought closer using the variation in mechanical properties of CPVC with temperature.

The title compound, C21H23NO3, is a phenylimine derivative of the well known anthelmintic agent α-santonin. The trans-fused cyclohexane and γ-lactone rings of the α-santonin ring system adopt chair and envelope conformations, respectively, whereas the hexadiene ring is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.029 (4) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 62.30 (11)° with the benzene ring. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond is observed.

Fourteen lactating and cycling Holsteins in each of two summers were assigned randomly to pens in a free-stall barn either with or without overhead fans to study the effect of fan cooling on certain endocrine and behavioral responses during the estrous cycle. After an adjustment period of 8 d in the first summer and 21 d in the second summer, jugular cannulas were inserted, and 25 mg of PGF2 alpha were injected. After injection, blood samples were collected frequently for 84 h in the first summer and 88 h in the second summer, followed by collection three times weekly for 3 wk thereafter each summer. Rectal temperatures were lower in the group cooled by fans than in the control group each summer. Luteal progesterone secretion tended to be greater in the fan group each summer; area under the luteal phase curve was significantly higher than for controls during the second summer. There was tendency for more preovulatory surges of LH and higher estrous responses rates in the fan group during the second summer. Thus, fan cooling of lactating dairy cows for several weeks before anticipated breeding provides potential for more efficient reproductive performance during the summer.

Data from 36 cows were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to determine the effects of breed and lactation status on estrous cyclicity during a Pakistani summer (June through October). Cows were selected from a herd of Holsteins and Jerseys imported from the United States 5 yr earlier. Ambient temperatures were highest in June and declined in the ensuing months with the onset of the rainy season. Relative humidity increased in July and August and them remained stable until the end of the study. Although early morning rectal temperatures gradually declined from June through October, late afternoon rectal temperatures were highest in August. Average early morning rectal temperatures were higher in Holsteins than in Jerseys (38.5 vs. 38.3°C). Even though all cows were cyclic throughout the study, as indicated by patterns of progesterone secretion, observed expression of estrus was low (36.8%) and unaffected by breed or lactation status. Average serum progesterone concentrations were lower (2.4 vs. 3.1ng/ml), and cortisol concentrations were higher (4.1 vs. 3.9ng/ml), in Holsteins than in Jerseys. Breed by lactation status interactions were significant for lengths of the luteal phase and estrous cycle. Lengths for lactating Holsteins were longer than those of other groups.

A method is described for the synthesis, purification and radiolabelling of [123I/131I]2-{5-(4-iodophenyl)-pentyl}oxirane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. For the synthesis of this new agent, 5-phenylpentyl bromide (1), synthesized by reacting 5-phenyl-I-pentanol with sodium bromide under acidic conditions, was converted to diethyl 5-phenylpentylmalonate (2), which, on alkaline hydrolysis, yielded ethyl 5-phenyl-pentylmalonate (3). Ethyl 7-phenyl-2-methyleneheptanoate (4), prepared from the monoester (3), was oxidized with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to yield ethyl 2-(5-phenylpentyl)oxirane-2-carboxylate 5. The method of radiolabelling, based on the thallation of compound (5) and the subsequent treatment with radioiodide, resulted in a regioselective radioiodination with a 54% radiochemical yield.

A six month study involving milk sample from 14 freshly calved she-camels was undertaken at Barani Livestock Production Research Institute(BLPRI), Kherimurat, District Attock (Punjab-Pakistan).These animals were maintained on vegetation mainly comprised pholai (Acacia modesta) Kandair (Alhaji camelorum) and Kahu (Olea ferruginea). Repeesentative milk samples constituted by standard methods. Average percentage values of protein,fat,solid-not-fat (SNF), total solids(TS) and titratable acidity (TA) in milk were 2.85±0.036; 3.57±0.09; 9.00±0.13; 12.36±0.19 and 0.20±0.005, respectively. Fat percentage was found lower than that of many cattle breeds. Moreover mean specific gravity of camel was 1.03± 0.007. On overall basis, average milk composition observed during the first month of lactation in the present study contributed to the nutritive quality of camel milk and overall knowledge of this animal species as a food source for an overpopulated and underdeveloped country like Pakistan.