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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important world economic crop. It is rich in oil, protein, and starch, and soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds are also important for human and livestock consumption. The predominant soluble carbohydrate in soybean seed is composed of sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). Among these carbohydrates, only sucrose can be digested by humans and monogastric animals and is beneficial for metabolizable energy, while RFOs are anti-nutritional factors in diets, usually leading to flatulence and indigestion, ultimately reducing energy efficiency. Hence, breeding efforts to remove RFOs from soybean seeds can increase metabolizable energy and improve nutritional quality. The objective of this research is to use the multiplex Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated gene editing system to induce the knockout of soybean raffinose synthase (RS) genes RS2 and RS3 simultaneously to reduce RFOs in mature seeds. First, we constructed five types of multiplex gene editing systems and compared their editing efficiency in soybean hairy roots. We confirmed that the two-component transcriptional unit (TCTU) and single transcriptional unit (STU) systems with transfer RNA (tRNA) as the cleavage site performed better than other systems. The average editing efficiency at the four targets with TCTU-tRNA and STU-tRNA was 50.5% and 46.7%, respectively. Then, we designed four single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targets to induce mutations at RS2 and RS3 by using the TCTU-tRNA system. After the soybean transformation, we obtained several RS2 and RS3 mutation plants, and a subset of alleles was successfully transferred to the progeny. We identified null single and double mutants at the T2 generation and analyzed the seed carbohydrate content of their progeny. The RS2 and RS3 double mutants and the RS2 single mutant exhibited dramatically reduced levels of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds. Further analysis of the growth and development of these mutants showed that there were no penalties on these phenotypes. Our results indicate that knocking out RS genes by multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is an efficient way to reduce RFOs in soybean. This research demonstrates the potential of using elite soybean cultivars to improve the soybean meal trait by multiplex CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9-mediated gene editing.

ObjectiveDelayed aneurysm rupture is a fatal complication after flow diversion treatment for large and giant intracranial aneurysms. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of coiling first and followed by planned flow diversion to prevent delayed aneurysm rupture.MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2021 in two institutions, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by coiling first and planned flow diversion were retrospectively collected. Data on demographic and aneurysmal characteristics, procedural details, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThirty patients were included (7 Males and 23 Females; Median age 57 years). Aneurysmal size ranged from 11.8 to 26.8 mm, with a median value of 18.5 mm. All aneurysms were located within the intradural segment of internal carotid arteries. Coiling and planned flow diversion were successfully performed in all patients. The time interval between coiling and flow diversion was 3.9–6.7 weeks, with a median value of 5.2 weeks. No hemorrhagic or ischemic complications occurred during the procedures and follow-up. Complete or subtotal occlusion was achieved in 86.7% (26/30) at the last angiographic follow-up (median 6.7 months).ConclusionThe preliminary data suggested that coiling unruptured intracranial aneurysms followed by planned flow diversion is both safe and effective. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to verify the effect of this new strategy in preventing delayed rupture after flow diversion.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of artemisinin on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by sodium glucan sulfate (DSS) in rats based on network pharmacology.MethodsFirst, according to the 3D structure of artemisinin, the effective targets of the active compounds were obtained through the Swissstarge website (www.swisstargetprediction.ch/) and the TargetNet website (http://targetnet.scbdd.com/). With the aid of Genecards (https://www.genecards.org/), OMIM (https://omim.org/), TTD (http://db.idrblab.net/ttd/) to obtain effective targets of disease. The disease gene-drug target network was constructed by extracting the intersection targets of the two, and the visualization operation and analysis were performed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2. Gene function enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed on the intersection targets with the help of R language software. Autidock Vina was used for molecular docking of artemisinin to key targets. Then, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, mesalazine group (0.315 g/kg·d) and artemisinin group (0.1 g/kg·d), with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the rats in the other groups were given 3.5% DSS solution freely for 10 days to replicate the UC model. After the successful modeling, the rats were given intragastric administration. The normal group and the model group were given the same amount of 0.9% normal saline, once a day, for 14 days. The general condition of the rats was recorded every day and the disease activity index (DAI) score was performed. After the administration, the colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI) was scored, the histopathological changes of the colon were observed by HE staining, and the levels or activities of serum CRP, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, HIF-1α and T-AOC were detected by ELISA, and fecal and intestinal microbiota of rats were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsNetwork pharmacology shows that, there were 98 key targets of artemisinin screening, 4853 effective targets of UC, and 43 intersection targets for artemisinin and UC, involving 48 signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of the key proteins to artemisinin were less than -5.0 kJ·mol-1, and the binding energy of PTGS2 NOS3 to artemisinin was the best. Animal experiments have shown that, Compared with the model group, the DAI and CMDI scores of the artemisinin group and the mesalazine group decreased, the levels and activities of serum CRP, TNF-α, MDA and HIF-1α decreased, the levels and activities of SOD and T-AOC increased, the abundance and diversity of inteatinal microbiota increased, and the abundance of p-Acidobacteria, p-Chloroflexi, p-Gemmatimonadetes, p-Nitrospirae in artemisinin group increased (P＜0.05), and there was no significant change in others.ConclusionArtemisinin intervenes with UC through key target proteins such as PTGS2 and ESR1, and involves various biological processes such as inflammation and intestinal microbiota, revealing that molecular basis of artemisinin in the treatment of UC. Artemisinin is effective in improving the symptoms of UC rats, and its mechanism may be to relieve oxidative stress response by inhibiting inflammation, thus promoting intestinal mucosal repair. The regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota needs to be further studied.

To solve the global water scarcity problem and meet the increasing demand for lithium, this thesis investigates various dual-component composite membranes for high performance desalination and lithium extraction processes. It shows that the composite membranes support wide water channels to significantly enhance the high-quality freshwater productivity from the highly salty water, block the defects to prevent the unwanted transport of metal ions and realize high lithium selectivity from salt solutions, and construct additional anion transport channels to enable continuous selective permeation of lithium ions with reduced energy input.

The red crab (Charybdis feriata) is one of most important fishery resource in China. In the present study, 17 morphological traits and body weight of C. feriata were first measured and 18 traits were characterized, and then, the effects of morphological traits on body weight were estimated by statistical methods including correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, path coefficients and regression equations. All correlation coefficients between each morphological trait and body weight reached an extremely significant level (P

The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis is one of the most important cultured shellfish in Southern China, known for its rich total carotenoids (TCC) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, carotenoid and lipid nutritional quality of C. nobilis are greatly affected by many factors, including season, sex, and color of C. nobilis. Therefore, this study aims to assess the TCC and lipid nutritional quality of tissues of male and female, golden and brown scallops. The results of the this study revealed that golden scallops generally have much higher TCC, total lipid content (TLC) and PUFA than brown scallops, while female scallops generally have higher TCC, but lower TLC and PUFA than male scallops. In conclusion, golden scallops are more nutritious than brown scallops. Female golden scallops may be more attractive to consumers interested in high natural antioxidant (TCC), while male golden scallops may be more popular for consumers interested in high quality lipids (TLC and PUFA). These data will help consumers determine the best dietary choices based on their nutritional interests.

This review focus on the current knowledge of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in molluscs. In this review, we provide an overview of long ncRNAs (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA), followed by evidence for the regulation of ncRNAs in variety of biological process in molluscs, including development, biomineralization and innate immune response. This review advances our understanding on the roles of ncRNAs in molluscs and suggest the future direction to fully understand the epigenetic regulatory network of molluscs.

The classical Ekman theory tells us that the ocean surface current turns to the right (left) side of wind direction with 45° in the north (south) hemisphere, but the observation and research results show that the surface current deflexion angle is smaller than 45° in the Arctic and high latitude areas while larger than 45° in the low latitude areas. In order to explain these phenomena, a series of idealized numerical experiments are designed to investigate the influence of vertical viscosity coefficients with different vertical distribution characteristics on the classical and steady Ekman spiral structure. Results show that when the vertical viscosity coefficient decreases with water depth, the surface current deflexion angle is larger than 45°, whereas the angle is smaller than 45° when the vertical viscosity coefficient increases with water depth. So the different observed surface current deflexion angles in low latitude sea areas and the Arctic regions should be attributed to the different vertical distribution characteristics of vertical viscosity coefficients in the upper ocean. The flatness of the Ekman spiral is not equal to one and does not show regular behaviors for the numerical experiments with different distribution of vertical viscosity. However, the magnitudes and directions of volume transport of Ekman spirals are almost the same as the results of classical Ekman theory, i.e., vertical viscosity coefficient distributions have no effect on the magnitudes and directions of volume transport.

Problem statement: The study aimed to investigating the Primary School Teacher Competency (PSTC) and design an PSTC instrument to reflect state standard and use this instrument to compare and evaluate primary school teacher competency. Approach: For this reason, the researcher formulated the following question. What are the necessary teaching competencies of Primary School Teachers (PSTC)? To find answer to the above mentioned questions. Results: The study used the descriptive research approach. To de termine the PSTC, the data was collected from specialist's Educators, Teacher's Experience and pr evious studies which related to the study subject. Conclusion: The study created a list of PSTC consisted of four categories which were category of Knowledge competency, Teaching skills competency, Assessment and Evaluation competency and category of Professional value and Behavior competency.

Half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important cultured marine fish and shows large sexual dimorphism in growth. In general,the females grow about four to five times faster than males. However,the percentage of males in cultured group is higher than that of females. Is the sex ratio deviation from expected value(1:1) associated with natural sex reversal? In the present study,the natural sex reversal phenomenon in half-smooth tongue sole was studied by means of female specific marker sex identification technique. We determined the phenotypic sex of 71 four-year-old half-smooth tongue sole by means of abdominal compression during reproduction season. The individuals not producing sperm or eggs were injected with (0.4-2.0) μg/kg LRHA3 and fed in concrete tanks until sexual maturation. In total,there were 39 phenotypic males and 32 females,and the mean body weight of phenotypic males was (0.339±0.078) kg and (1.471±0.214) kg of females. However,the body weight of one phenotypic male was 0.585 kg and significantly higher than other males. The female-specific marker analysis also showed that the phenotypic male tongue sole produced female-specific band,but not other 38 phenotypic males; 32 phenotypic females all produced female-specific fragment of about 205 bp. As a result,the phenotypic male half-smooth tongue sole producing female-specific fragment could be natural sex reversal male(neomale). Large-scale genetically sexual identification of phenotypic males in Laizhou Mingbo Co. Ltd showed the rate of natural sex reversal was 1.66%. It also proved that phenomenon of natural sex reversal in tongue sole was universal. Histological analysis of the sex-reversal male gonads showed that they contained functional testicular tissue with sprmatocytes. However,the amounts of spermatocytes in sex reversal individuals were fewer than that in control males. The phenomenon of natural sex reversal of female half-smooth tongue sole is helpful to explain the high male percentage in cultivating group and provides a new technique to produce all-female half-smooth tongue soles.

The genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of three Cyprinus carpio L. populations were studied by using microsatellite marker technology. It showed that the genetic diversity level of three Cyprinus carpio L. populations was high, population was the highest, WS population was lower,and DP population was the lowest. In order to check the depature of microsatellite loci from HWE.the genotypic frequencies were calculated. Furthermore, 32 cases of observed heterozygosity excess( Fis 0) were observed in three populations. The genetic similarity index between WS population and SY population was the highest(0. 8320) among the three populations, and their genetic distance was the lowest (0. 1680) , which indicated that the phylogenetic relationship between these two populations was quite close. On the other hand, the genetic similarity index between WS population and DP population was the lowest(0. 8288) , and their genetic distance was the highest(0. 1712) , which indicated that the phylogenetic relationship between these two populations was quite far.

In this study, the pattern of institution of execution is divided into two types, one is institutional determined which means results were determined by institution, and the other is authority determined which means results were determined by authority's decision. The study examines the influence of two institutional executive modes on procedural justice judgment and outcome acceptance. The study use scenarios as experimental material, present the scenarios to the college students, to explore how two sorts of institutional executive mode have effect on procedural justice. Study 1 manipulate institutional executive mode through scenario, the result suggests that when the outcome was determined by institution, the score of the procedural justice judgments and outcome acceptance were significantly higher than the outcome was determined by authority. Study 2 present procedural justice or procedural injustice scene to the participations; invite them to fill in the institutional executive mode questionnaire. The result suggests that under the procedural justice scene, the scores of the institutional determined was significantly higher than the procedural injustice scene. However, under the procedural justice scene, the scores of the authority determined were significantly lower than the procedural injustice scene. The result of the two studies indicate that the degree of the authority participation influence the individual's procedural justice judgments during the institutional executive process. Thus in real organizations, we should strengthen the culture of institutional determined, and in the process of institution implementation, we should pay more attention to the role of the institution itself. Strengthen the scientific and procedural aspect of institution; Improve the effectiveness of institution executive from the institution itself.

This paper focuses on the detection of land cover and thermal environmental change over 20 years in Beijing using TM data collected on 17 June, 1991, and 8 June, 2011, respectively. For observing the urban expansion and thermal environment change in the whole Beijing governmental region, the central urban area and satellite towns were firstly recognized and detected, and then the central urban areas was divided into 5 areas based on the ring roads. After image mosaicking, masking and clipping, sample data of land cover types as water bodies, green land, bare land, construction land, farm land, and forest were collected and trained. Classification was performed using object-based support vector machine algorithm. Accuracy assessment of the classification results was conducted according to ground truth of regions of interest. The conversion matrix and band math were used to detect the land cover and thermal environment change respectively from 1991 to 2011. The results showed that, over the last 20 years, the central urban size was 5 times larger than before, construction land increased, and farm land and water bodies decreased, especially for areas outside the third ring road. Besides, UHI intensity in nearly 60% of the areas within the sixth ring road increased by more than 4 degree, and only 2% of the areas decreased. Both are consistent with the real status of the rapid development of economy and urbanization in Beijing.

工作性通信工具使用（W_ICTs）是一种新兴的工作行为,指员工在非工作时间使用通信工具处理工作。为帮助组织和个人从整体上了解W_ICTs对员工生活的影响并对其进行管理,以278对配对调查数据为样本,基于溢出-交叉效应视角探讨了W_ICTs与双职工夫妻幸福感的关系及作用机制。结构方程模型分析发现：丈夫和妻子的W_ICTs均可通过加剧个体的工作→家庭冲突、诱发夫妻之间的社会阻抑行为进而降低双方的幸福感,同时也可通过促进个体的工作→家庭增益、抑制夫妻之间的社会阻抑行为进而提升双方的幸福感;但整体而言,妻子的W_ICTs会显著降低夫妻双方的幸福感,而丈夫的W_ICTs不会显著影响夫妻双方的幸福感。研究提示,组织在进行W_ICTs管理时,应充分考虑其对女性员工的负向影响;就员工个体而言,男性和女性均可通过加强与配偶的沟通,减少夫妻间的社会阻抑行为,进而预防W_ICTs的不良影响,促进W_ICTs的积极影响。

Through the experiment conditions include 292 university students to examine the relationship among procedure justice, anger and collective action participation intention. The manipulation of procedural justice was to offer the voice or not in the process of price increment decision of university dinner management. The result showed that the subject had higher anger and collective action participation intention in the injustice condition than in the justice conditions. The procedural justice had significance positive effect on collective action participation intention; the mediate effect test confirmed that the anger had served as partly mediate effect between procedure justice and collective action participation intention.

This study investigated the impact of clinicians' work-family conflict on their job burnout, and further explored the effects of supervisor support and colleague support to mitigate work-family conflict and job burnout. Individual test was used in order to collect accurate research data. Results showed that the levels of clinicians' work-family conflict and job burnout are high, and have significant differences among different job titles and hospitals. Multiple Regression Analysis found that both work-family conflict and family-work conflict are significant predictors of job burnout. And, supervisor support and colleague support are supportive resources to ease work-family conflict and job burnout.

This study investigated the effect of reward interdependence on performance and decision making process in virtual teams. 30 tams participated in a simulated task based on internet. The level of reward interdependence was manipulating the percentage of team performance and individual performance in the calculation method of salary. The results showed that the performance was highest in the group with low level of reward interdependence, whose decision making was of adventure and strategy that were essential to the task implementing.

This study examined the process and characteristics of career development among elite Chinese coaches and constructed a grounded theory on the factors that contributing to the development of a successful career in the Chinese context. In the current study, there was a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with seventeen elite Chinese coaches of a variety of sports. The data analysis was conducted by several coding procedures geared toward theory development with assistance of Nvivo. Finally, nine categories and a paradigm model was emerged from the data. The findings will provide a holistic framework for a better understanding of coach development process and valuable information for coach career development in Chinese societies.

中国公共组织中基层公务员的职业生涯高原是值得关注的重要问题。首先通过深度访谈和开放式问卷调查，归纳出公务员职业生涯高原的典型特征与表现，然后通过问卷调查获得三批处级以下公务员的数据。基于样本一（n：279）的探索性因素分析发现，公务员职业生涯高原为两维度的结构：升迁停滞、职位边缘化。基于样本二（n=517）的验证性因素分析证实了公务员职业生涯高原两维度结构模型，公务员职业生涯高原测量工具有较理想的信度和效度。基于样本三（n=520）、样本四（n=230）的研究表明，职业生涯高原对公务员的组织承诺、职业倦怠、工作退缩行为均有不同程度的消极的影响，但相对于升迁停滞，公务员职业边缘化对于上述效果变量的影响更为显著。