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Moelleriella simaoensis Hong Yu bis, Z. L. Yang & Z.Q. Wang, sp. nov. MycoBank: 848103 Etymology: Named after Simao District, Pu’er City, where this species was distributed. Holotype: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Xinfang Reservoir (N 22°71’, E 100°95’), alt. 1329 meter, from whiteflies on abaxial surface of dicotyledonous leaves, 4 October 2022, H. Yu bis (holotype YHH 2210015; YFCC 9249, ex-holotype culture). Sexual morph: Teleomorphic stromata flattened pulvinate, pale yellow, 3.4–4.5 mm in diameter, tubercles arising from a thin pulvinate base, usually separated from one another, located at the margin, ovoid or subglobose. Perithecia developing singly in a tubercle, flask-shaped, ostioles orange, 163–484 µm in height, 137–406 µm diameter. Asci hyaline, cylindrical, 182–335 × 5.6–14.9 µm (x = 290.9 × 10.70 µm, n = 30), cap thick 3.5–5.6 µm. Ascospores hyaline, filiform, disarticulating into part-spores inside the ascus. Part-spores were fusiform with slightly rounded ends, 11–16 × 1.4 –3.4 µm (x = 13.7 × 2.6 µm, n = 30). Asexual morph: Most anamorphs were often present in the same stroma as the teleomorph. When the teleomorph was present, the conidiomata were located in the center.Anamorphs were orange in fresh specimens, flattened pulvinate, 2.6–2.9 mm in diameter. Conidiomata were aggregated in the center of the stroma and widely open. Conidial masses were orange, conidia 8.8–14 × 1.6–3 µm (x = 11.4 × 2 µm, n = 30), hyaline, smooth, one-celled, fusoid, with acute ends. Paraphyses were present, linear, filiform, up to 80 µm long. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA at 25 °C slow-growing, attaining 15–18 mm diam in 21 days. Colonies were pale yellow and formed compact pulvinate with abundant slimy masses. Conidial masses were brownish green, the colony reverse was dark brown, and the margins were pale yellow. Known distribution: Simao District, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, China. Other material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Xinfang Reservoir (N 22°71’, E 100°95’), alt. 1329 meter, from whiteflies on abaxial surface of leaves, 4 October 2022, H. Yu bis (isotype YHH 2210016). Notes: This species was nested in the Moelleriella Effuse clade and formed a distinct clade. Morphologically, Moelleriella simaoensis was closely related to M. puerensis and M. raciborskii based on a pale yellow, thin, pulvinate stroma, ovoid or subglobose tubercle processes developing on the periphery of the stroma, orange ostioles. However, it differs from M. puerensis and M. raciborskii by its longer stroma (3.4–4.5 mm) and acsi (182–335 × 5.6–14.9 µm), (Wang et al. 2022) (Liu et al. 2006)., Published as part of Yang, Zhi-Li, Wang, Zhi-Qin, Ma, Jin-Mei & Yu, Hong, 2023, Moelleriella simaoensis, a new entomogenous species of Moelleriella (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Southwestern China, pp. 60-68 in Phytotaxa 603 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8153712, {"references":["Liu, M., Chaverri, P. & Hodge, K. T. (2006) A taxonomic revision of the insect biocontrol fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis, its allies with white stromata and their Hypocrella sexual states. Mycol Research 110: 537 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. mycres. 2006.01.013"]}

Yang, Zhi-Li, Wang, Zhi-Qin, Ma, Jin-Mei, Yu, Hong (2023): Moelleriella simaoensis, a new entomogenous species of Moelleriella (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Southwestern China. Phytotaxa 603 (1): 60-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.4

The Chinese name for martial arts is known as Wushu; it is a typical Chinese sport in which both internal and exterior actions are emphasized. Wushu training evaluation is a hot research area, and deep learning has long been an essential tool for ensuring and promoting continuous development in the quality of Wushu training assessment. The deep learning-based martial arts training programme successfully processes and analyses the massive raw data produced throughout the teaching process at colleges and institutions. The online learning behavior is obtained by training the detection model of target, model for detection of face, and face segmentation model and then merging them with the online system. Feature extraction, offline performance prediction, learning law analysis, and personalized learning recommendation can provide decision support for training of martial arts evaluation as well as the formulation of related improvement measures. It can successfully increase the teaching quality of teachers and the learning efficiency of students by catering to the current online and offline combination of new learning and teaching techniques. In this paper, a martial arts training evaluation model based on deep learning technology is presented in light of the variety and vast quantity of martial arts training evaluations, using MatConvNet to build a deep neural network and organically fuse various raw data of martial arts training evaluation. The proposed approach provides a more accurate assessment of martial arts training and has some practical applications. In experimental evaluation of the model, it is obtained that the network’s prediction performance is at its greatest value when the combination number of layers are eight.

Biological invasions and soil salinization have become increasingly severe environmental problems under global change due to sea-level rise and poor soil management. Invasive species can often outcompete native species, but few studies focus on whether invasive alien species are always superior competitors under increasing stressors. We grew an invasive grass species, Oenothera biennis L., and three native grass species (Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant., Chenopodium album L., and Inula japonica Thunb.) as a monoculture (two seedlings of each species) or mixture (one seedling of O. biennis and one native species seedling) under three levels of salt treatments (0, 1, and 2 g/kg NaCl) in a greenhouse. We found that invasive O. biennis exhibited greater performance over native C. album and I. japonica, but lower performance compared to A. argyi, regardless of the soil salinity. However, salinity did not significantly affect the relative dominance of O. biennis. Interspecific competition enhanced the growth of O. biennis and inhibited the growth of I. japonica. Although O. biennis seedlings always had growth dominance over C. album seedlings, C. album was not affected by O. biennis at any salt level. At high salt levels, O. biennis inhibited the growth of A. argyi, while A. argyi did not affect the growth of O. biennis. Salt alleviated the competitive effect of O. biennis on I. japonica but did not mitigate the competition between O. biennis and the other two native species. Therefore, our study provides evidence for a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of alien species under various salinity conditions.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a promising tracer for the estimation of terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). However, understanding its non-GPP related sources and sinks, e.g., anthropogenic sources and soil sources and sinks, is also critical to the success of the approach. Here we infer the regional sources and sinks of COS using continuous in-situ mole fraction profile measurements of COS along the 60-m tall Lutjewad tower (1 m a.s.l., 53°24'N, 6°21'E) in the Netherlands. To identify potential sources that caused the observed enhancements of COS mole fractions at Lutjewad, both discrete flask samples and in-situ measurements in the province of Groningen were made on a mobile van using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS). We also simulated the COS mole fractions at Lutjewad using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model combined with emission inventories and plant uptake fluxes. We determined the nighttime COS fluxes to be -3.0 ± 2.6 pmol m-2 s-1 using the radon-tracer correlation approach and Lutjewad observations. Furthermore, we identified and quantified several COS sources, including biodigesters, sugar production facilities, and silicon carbide production facilities in the province of Groningen. Moreover, the simulation results show that the observed COS enhancements can be partially explained by known industrial sources of COS and CS2, in particular from the Ruhr valley (51.5° N, 7.2° E) and Antwerp (51.2° N, 4.4° E) areas. The contribution of likely missing anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in the inventory may be significant. The impact of the identified sources in the province of Groningen is estimated to be negligible to the observed COS enhancements. However, in specific conditions, these sources may influence the measurements in Lutjewad. These results are valuable for improving our understanding of the sources and sinks of COS, contributing to the use of COS as a tracer for GPP.

Additional file 1: Schedule 1. Significantly expressed differential proteins under high-temperaturestress.

Adversarial training is one of the best-performing methods in improving the robustness of deep language models. However, robust models come at the cost of high time consumption, as they require multi-step gradient ascents or word substitutions to obtain adversarial samples. In addition, these generated samples are deficient in grammatical quality and semantic consistency, which impairs the effectiveness of adversarial training. To address these problems, we introduce a novel, effective procedure for instead adversarial training with only clean data. Our procedure, distribution shift risk minimization (DSRM), estimates the adversarial loss by perturbing the input data's probability distribution rather than their embeddings. This formulation results in a robust model that minimizes the expected global loss under adversarial attacks. Our approach requires zero adversarial samples for training and reduces time consumption by up to 70\% compared to current best-performing adversarial training methods. Experiments demonstrate that DSRM considerably improves BERT's resistance to textual adversarial attacks and achieves state-of-the-art robust accuracy on various benchmarks., Comment: Accepted by ACL2023

Passage ranking involves two stages: passage retrieval and passage re-ranking, which are important and challenging topics for both academics and industries in the area of Information Retrieval (IR). However, the commonly-used datasets for passage ranking usually focus on the English language. For non-English scenarios, such as Chinese, the existing datasets are limited in terms of data scale, fine-grained relevance annotation and false negative issues. To address this problem, we introduce T2Ranking, a large-scale Chinese benchmark for passage ranking. T2Ranking comprises more than 300K queries and over 2M unique passages from real-world search engines. Expert annotators are recruited to provide 4-level graded relevance scores (fine-grained) for query-passage pairs instead of binary relevance judgments (coarse-grained). To ease the false negative issues, more passages with higher diversities are considered when performing relevance annotations, especially in the test set, to ensure a more accurate evaluation. Apart from the textual query and passage data, other auxiliary resources are also provided, such as query types and XML files of documents which passages are generated from, to facilitate further studies. To evaluate the dataset, commonly used ranking models are implemented and tested on T2Ranking as baselines. The experimental results show that T2Ranking is challenging and there is still scope for improvement. The full data and all codes are available at https://github.com/THUIR/T2Ranking/, Comment: This Resource paper has been accepted by the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2023)

Additional file 1: Data processing details and additional results.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Progeny separation ratio between fascicled main inflorescence mutant lines and wild-type crosses. Table S2. Clean Reads, Clean Date, GC content Q20 and Q30 values of R01 and R02 in combination I. Table S3. Comparison results of R01, R02 and reference genomes in combination I. Table S4. Reads Number, GC content Q20 and Q30 values PL、PM、BM and BL in the combination II. Table S5. Comparison results of samples and reference genomes in combination II. Table S6. SNP correlation region statistics of F2 population in combination I. Table S7. SNP correlation region statistics of F2 population in combination I. Table S8. SNP correlation region statistics of F2 population in combination II. Table S9. SNP correlation region statistics of F2 population in combination II. Table S10. 15 pairs of SSR closely linked primer information. Table S11. 12 pairs of InDel closely linked primer information. Table S12. Primer information. Table S13. PCR amplification. Supplementary Fig. S1. qRT-PCR analysis. Differential expression in various organs between Wild-type (Wild) and Mutant-type (Mutant) plants. “*” means significant difference, “**” means extremely significant difference. Supplementary Fig. S2. Screening of markers linked to Bnclib and construction of near-isogenic lines. A: Fifteen SSR markers revealed the polymorphisms among two parents and two bulks. B: Twelve InDel markers revealed the polymorphisms among two parents and two bulks. a: 12R1402; b: Huyou 17; c: Bnclib bulk; d: Normal bulk, ns: not selected. Supplementary Fig. S3. A: Electrophoretic image of primer chrA03-2. B: Electrophoretic image of primer chrA03-3. C: Electrophoretic image of primer chrA03-6 (Plants No. 1-30 are NIL plants, plants indicated by the arrow are plants with normal bud of main inflorescence). D: Electrophoretic image of primer chrA03-13.P1: 12R1402; P2: Huyou 17;F2-1: Bnclib plant of (12R1402xHuyou 17)F2; F2-1: normal plant of ( 12R1402xHuyou 17)F2.

The emergence of different sensors (Near-Infrared, Depth, etc.) is a remedy for the limited application scenarios of traditional RGB camera. The RGB-X tasks, which rely on RGB input and another type of data input to resolve specific problems, have become a popular research topic in multimedia. A crucial part in two-branch RGB-X deep neural networks is how to fuse information across modalities. Given the tremendous information inside RGB-X networks, previous works typically apply naive fusion (e.g., average or max fusion) or only focus on the feature fusion at the same scale(s). While in this paper, we propose a novel method called RXFOOD for the fusion of features across different scales within the same modality branch and from different modality branches simultaneously in a unified attention mechanism. An Energy Exchange Module is designed for the interaction of each feature map's energy matrix, who reflects the inter-relationship of different positions and different channels inside a feature map. The RXFOOD method can be easily incorporated to any dual-branch encoder-decoder network as a plug-in module, and help the original backbone network better focus on important positions and channels for object of interest detection. Experimental results on RGB-NIR salient object detection, RGB-D salient object detection, and RGBFrequency image manipulation detection demonstrate the clear effectiveness of the proposed RXFOOD., Comment: 10 pages

Deep learning-based intelligent vehicle perception has been developing prominently in recent years to provide a reliable source for motion planning and decision making in autonomous driving. A large number of powerful deep learning-based methods can achieve excellent performance in solving various perception problems of autonomous driving. However, these deep learning methods still have several limitations, for example, the assumption that lab-training (source domain) and real-testing (target domain) data follow the same feature distribution may not be practical in the real world. There is often a dramatic domain gap between them in many real-world cases. As a solution to this challenge, deep transfer learning can handle situations excellently by transferring the knowledge from one domain to another. Deep transfer learning aims to improve task performance in a new domain by leveraging the knowledge of similar tasks learned in another domain before. Nevertheless, there are currently no survey papers on the topic of deep transfer learning for intelligent vehicle perception. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first comprehensive survey on the topic of the deep transfer learning for intelligent vehicle perception. This paper discusses the domain gaps related to the differences of sensor, data, and model for the intelligent vehicle perception. The recent applications, challenges, future researches in intelligent vehicle perception are also explored.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231167924 for Preceding transient ischemic attack was associated with functional outcome after stroke thrombectomy: A propensity score matching study by Jiali Xu, Wenting Guo, Jin Ma, Qingfeng Ma, Jian Chen, Haiqing Song, Changhong Ren, Sijie Li, Yuchuan Ding, Wenbo Zhao and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Most object detection methods for autonomous driving usually assume a consistent feature distribution between training and testing data, which is not always the case when weathers differ significantly. The object detection model trained under clear weather might not be effective enough in foggy weather because of the domain gap. This paper proposes a novel domain adaptive object detection framework for autonomous driving under foggy weather. Our method leverages both image-level and object-level adaptation to diminish the domain discrepancy in image style and object appearance. To further enhance the model's capabilities under challenging samples, we also come up with a new adversarial gradient reversal layer to perform adversarial mining for the hard examples together with domain adaptation. Moreover, we propose to generate an auxiliary domain by data augmentation to enforce a new domain-level metric regularization. Experimental results on public benchmarks show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The code is available at https://github.com/jinlong17/DA-Detect., Accepted by WACV2023. Code is available at https://github.com/jinlong17/DA-Detect

Code-switching speech refers to a means of expression by mixing two or more languages within a single utterance. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) with End-to-End (E2E) modeling for such speech can be a challenging task due to the lack of data. In this study, we investigate text generation and injection for improving the performance of an industry commonly-used streaming model, Transformer-Transducer (T-T), in Mandarin-English code-switching speech recognition. We first propose a strategy to generate code-switching text data and then investigate injecting generated text into T-T model explicitly by Text-To-Speech (TTS) conversion or implicitly by tying speech and text latent spaces. Experimental results on the T-T model trained with a dataset containing 1,800 hours of real Mandarin-English code-switched speech show that our approaches to inject generated code-switching text significantly boost the performance of T-T models, i.e., 16% relative Token-based Error Rate (TER) reduction averaged on three evaluation sets, and the approach of tying speech and text latent spaces is superior to that of TTS conversion on the evaluation set which contains more homogeneous data with the training set., Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 2023

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231167924 for Preceding transient ischemic attack was associated with functional outcome after stroke thrombectomy: A propensity score matching study by Jiali Xu, Wenting Guo, Jin Ma, Qingfeng Ma, Jian Chen, Haiqing Song, Changhong Ren, Sijie Li, Yuchuan Ding, Wenbo Zhao and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Vision-language alignment learning for video-text retrieval arouses a lot of attention in recent years. Most of the existing methods either transfer the knowledge of image-text pretraining model to video-text retrieval task without fully exploring the multi-modal information of videos, or simply fuse multi-modal features in a brute force manner without explicit guidance. In this paper, we integrate multi-modal information in an explicit manner by tagging, and use the tags as the anchors for better video-text alignment. Various pretrained experts are utilized for extracting the information of multiple modalities, including object, person, motion, audio, etc. To take full advantage of these information, we propose the TABLE (TAgging Before aLignmEnt) network, which consists of a visual encoder, a tag encoder, a text encoder, and a tag-guiding cross-modal encoder for jointly encoding multi-frame visual features and multi-modal tags information. Furthermore, to strengthen the interaction between video and text, we build a joint cross-modal encoder with the triplet input of [vision, tag, text] and perform two additional supervised tasks, Video Text Matching (VTM) and Masked Language Modeling (MLM). Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the TABLE model is capable of achieving State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) performance on various video-text retrieval benchmarks, including MSR-VTT, MSVD, LSMDC and DiDeMo., Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2023 (Oral)

For the first time, 2D FeOCl (Fe1-xCoxOCl) doped with Co was successfully applied to the photocatalytic and photo Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The photocatalytic and photo-Fenton experiments show that the degradation rates of RhB by Fe0.94Co0.06OCl are 82.6% and 98.2% within 50 min under neutral solution, room temperature, and visible light. The inclusion of Co resulted in lattice imperfections on the surface of FeOCl, which was advantageous for the photogenerated electron-hole pair separation efficiency (consistent with the DFT calculation). Moreover, the RhB removal rate was down 98% to 82% during five successive cycles that showed good structural stability. Finally, based on the radical capture experiment, a potential mechanism for RhB degradation by Fe1-xCoxOCl catalyst was proposed. The idea of a synergistic mechanism for Fe1-xCoxOCl also offers a fresh concept for catalysts used in doping modification.

One new 6a,11a-dehydropterocarpan derivative, 6-O-methyl-anhydrotuberosin (1), one new 6a-hydroxypterocarpan, (6aR,11aR,11bR)-hydroxytuberosone (7), and seven known compounds including two 6a,11a-dehydropterocarpans (2 and 4), two coumestans (3 and 5), one isoflavonoid (6) and two other phenolic compounds (8 and 9) were isolated from the roots of Pueraria lobata. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated with spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (1 D and 2DNMR, HRESIMS). Compounds 1, 2, 4–5 showed potent LSD1 inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.73 to 4.99 μM. Furthermore, compound 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and BGC-823, and lung cancer cell lines H1299 and H460.

Camellia piloflora S.X. Yang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2). Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Debao County, in limestone tiankeng, elev. 400 m, 21 January 2022, S . X. Yang 6868 (holotype KUN1541642; isotypes KUN1544968, K). Diagnosis:— Camellia piloflora is most similar to C. debaoensis R.C. Hu & Y.Q. Liufu, but differs by its sepals puberulent abaxially (vs. glabrous), ovary and styles tomentose (vs. glabrous), filaments pubescent (vs. glabrous) and the outer filaments united for 1/2 (vs. 1/4) of their length from the base. Shrubs, 2−5 m tall; young branches yellowish brown or brown, glabrous, rarely subglabrous; terminal buds glabrous, rarely subglabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.6–1.2 cm long, glabrous, rarely subglabrous; blade elliptic to oblong, 7–11 × 3.5–5.5 cm, thinly leathery, purplish red when young, adaxially dark green and glabrous, shiny, abaxially pale green, sparsely pubescent along midvein and scattered dark brown cork-warts, lateral veins 7−9 pairs, apex acuminate to caudate, margin shallowly serrate with the teeth 1.0−2.0 mm apart, base cuneate to broadly cuneate. Flowers subterminal or axillary, solitary or rarely 2−4 in clusters, 5.5–6.0 cm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2.0–5.0 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles 4–5, yellowish-green, unequal, 1.0–3.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, obtuse triangle, lunate to semiorbicular, lowermost bracteoles glabrous on both sides, uppermost ones pubescent on both sides, similar to sepals, margin ciliolate. Sepals 5 (–6), yellowish-green, semiorbicular, round-reniform to suborbicular, 6.0−10.0 × 8.0−14.0 mm, pubescent on both surfaces, margin narrow scarious and ciliate. Petals 8–10, in three whorls, pale yellow, orbicular to elliptic, 2.2−4.5 × 2.2−3.5 cm, pubescent on both surfaces, basally connate to each other and to the stamens for 7–10 mm. Stamens numerous, ca. 3.5 cm long, in 4−5 whorls, filament of the outer whorls basally connate into a tube for ca. 1/2 of the length, outside of the tube and base of the free part of filaments pubescent, filaments of the innermost whorl free, pubescent almost all their length. Ovary ovoid, ca. 6 mm in diam, densely pale yellow tomentose, 3 (–4)-loculed; styles single, 2.6 cm long, apically dividing into 3 (–4) arms of ca. 3–4 mm, basally 3/4 pubescent. Capsule oblate, yellowish green, ca. 6.0 cm in diam, pubescent, with 2 seeds per locule; pericarp ca. 1.0–2.0 mm thick when dry, splitting into 3 valves. Seeds dark brown, hemispherical or cuneate, pubescent. Phenology: —Flowering from January to February; fruiting from September to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from Latin, “ pilus ”, meaning a hair, and “ flos ”, meaning flower, to referring that the new species has hairy flowers, especially on sepals, petals, stamens and pistils. Vernacular name: —‘ ƚṯfiṯș ’ (mao hua jin hua cha) in Chinese pinyin. Distribution, habitat, and conservation status: — Camellia piloflora grows in the evergreen broad-leaved forests of limestone hills at elevation of 400– 650 m. Only three populations with less than 100 individuals have been found in and near its type locality. Due to the great commercial value, the number of this species may continue to shrink. The location of this species is not the natural reserve, thus can be destroyed by human activity. The area of occupancy is less than 10 km 2 (B2a) with three populations, and the area, extent and/or quality of habitat, and number of mature individuals are declined in future. Therefore, the new species is accessed to Critically Endangered (CR, B2ab (iii, v)), according to Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Guangxi: Debao County, 30 November 2018, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5895–5901 (KUN); 6 March 2019, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5979–5982 (KUN); 8 March 2019, limestone hills, elev. ca. 650 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5983–5985 (KUN); 8 March 2019, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 550 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5986 (KUN); 15 September 2020, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang, F.Y. Wu & P. M. Ye 6395-6397 (KUN); 16 September 2020, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 550 m, S .X. Yang, F.Y. Wu & P. M. Ye 6406–6409 (KUN); 21 January 2022, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 6869–6871, 6880 (KUN)., Published as part of Zhang, Qiong, Wu, Fang-Yuan, Huang, Yao-Heng, Ma, Jin-Lin & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2022, Camellia piloflora (Theaceae), a new yellow camellia from Guangxi, South China, pp. 179-184 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on pages 179-180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7380906

A prolonged period of vigilance task will lead to vigilance decrement and a drop in cognitive efficiency. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be used to improve cognitive performance following vigilance decrement, the findings in this area of study are inconsistent. This study aims to identify the neuroelectrophysiological and behavioral effects of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on executive vigilance under a continuous monotonous condition. We recruited 29 participants who randomly received 30 min active or sham tDCS before the vigilance task (anode electrode at the left DLPFC, cathode electrode at the right supraorbital area). Participants completed four sessions of vigilance task and five sessions of self-report sleepiness, Oddball task, and Go/Nogo task, for a total of about 5 h. EEG was acquired in real-time throughout the experiment. Repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized to analyze the evolution of each metric with task-on-time. The results demonstrated that subjective arousal state, vigilance performance, event-related potentials (ERPs), and EEG power were significantly affected by time on task. Brain stimulation did not significantly affect the evolution of subjective and objective executive vigilance performance, but significantly modulated spontaneous activity in the alpha and beta bands across the entire brain. The continuous enhancement of the prefrontal cortex increased P2 amplitude for the Oddball task, which was associated with the enhancement of the early stage of information processing. P3 amplitude had a temporary enhancement effect, which significantly decreased following a cognitive fatigue. tDCS had a continuous enhancement effect on N2 amplitude for the Go/Nogo task, which was associated with the enhanced inhibition of distracting stimuli. Together, the current data suggest that anodal tDCS over left DLPFC possibly enhances the early stage of relevant information processing and the inhibitory control of distracting stimuli during a continuous and monotonous vigilance task.

The paper presents the model system of nature as the framework to theorize everything, especially consciousness. It got its theoretical basis and methodology by observing not only consciousness but all nature to achieve a higher-level abstraction of nature. The Coupling Theory of Consciousness has assumed not only the General Impact of Nature to advance physics, the CNS (central nervous system)-independent consciousness system to advance brain science, but also the “principle of cognition” and two principles of the Strong AI to advance cognitive science. The method to measure the consciousness signals via the “real” NCC (neural correlates of consciousness) is explained, so all theories would be tested and completed soon.

Camellia hainingii S.X.Yang et Y.S. Huang, sp. nov., (Figs. 1 & 2). Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Daxin County, Encheng National Nature Reserve, on limestone in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, elev. 180 m, 15 September 2020, S . X. Yang, P. M. Ye and F. Y. Wu 6389 (holotype KUN barcode 1541643; isotypes KUN, PE, IBK, IBSC, K). Diagnosis: — Camellia hainangii is very similar to C. pachyandra Hu (1938: 131), but differs by its abaxially glabrous (vs. pubescent along the midvein) leaf, glabrous (vs. pubescent) petiole, perules (bracteoles and sepals) 9–11 (vs. 6) with dense pubescent (vs. glabrous) inside; stamens 80–110 (vs. 40–50), inner filaments thin (vs. thick), ovary glabrous (vs. dense tomentose), capsule surface furfuraceous (vs. smooth) (Table 1; Fig. 2). Arbor, 5–12m tall; young branches reddish brown, glabrous; terminal buds glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves thinly leathery, oblong or narrow elliptic, 7.5–11.0 (–13.0) × 2.5–3.5 (–4.5) cm, apex acuminate to caudate with a tip ca. 1.0 cm long, base cuneate, margin sharply serration, adaxial surface dark green, shining and glabrous, abaxial surface yellow-green, glabrous, scattered dark brown cork-warts (sensu Sealy 1958), lateral veins 7–10 pairs, midvein, lateral veins and reticulate veins sunken adaxially and protruding abaxially, semitransparent; petiole 7–10 mm long, glabrous. Flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile, white or yellowish-white, 2.0–2.5 (–3.0) cm in diam; bracteoles and sepals 9–11, ovate, broad ovate to suborbicular, increasing in size upwards, 1.5–4.0 × 2.0–5.0 mm, abaxially green, glabrous, adaxially densely yellowish-white pubescent, margin narrow scarious and ciliate. Petals 6–8 in 2–3 whorls, outermost 2–3 sepaloid, the rests petaline, glabrous on both sides, suborbicular to elliptic, 6.0–13.0 × 6.0 mm, slightly connate at the base. Stamens numerous (80–110), 8.0–10.0 mm long, glabrous; outer filaments basally connate ca. 1/2–3/5 into a tube and adnate to the corolla for ca. 1.5 mm, inner filaments distinct, slender. Pistil ca. 4.0 mm long; ovary subglobose, 3-loculed, glabrous; style 3, free, very short, 1.5–2.0 mm long, glabrous. Capsule subglobose, grayish brown, ca. 2.0 cm in diam; pericarp, Published as part of Ye, Pin-Ming, Huang, Yu-Song, Huang, Jian-Feng, Liu, En-De, Ma, Jin-Lin & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2022, Camellia hainingii, a new species of Theaceae in China, pp. 291-296 in Phytotaxa 558 (3) on pages 291-292, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7003113, {"references":["Hu, H. H. (1938) Notulae systematicae ad florem Sinensium IX. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology (Botany) 8: 129 - 137.","Sealy, J. R. (1958) A revision of the genus Camellia. The Royal Horticultural Society, London, 239 pp."]}

Although DHFR gene amplification has long been known as a major mechanism for methotrexate (MTX) resistance in cancer, the early changes and detailed development of the resistance are not yet fully understood. Here, we performed genome analysis of human colon cancer cells with sequentially increasing levels of MTX-resistance.Amplification plays a dominant role in the process of MTX-resistance, and the genome has evolved in three distinct phases corresponding to DHFR amplification forms (pre-amplification, HSR and extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNA)).

Background: Preeclampsia continues to be a prevalent pregnancy complication and underlying mechanisms remain controversial. A common feature of preeclampsia is utero-placenta hypoxia. In contrast to the impact of hypoxia on the placenta and fetus, comparatively little is known on the maternal physiology. Methods: We adopted an integrative approach to investigate the inter-relationship between chronic hypoxia during pregnancy with maternal, placental and fetal outcomes, common in preeclampsia. We exploited a novel technique using isobaric hypoxic chambers and in vivo continuous cardiovascular recording technology for measurement of blood pressure in sheep and studied the placental stress in response to hypoxia at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Results: Chronic hypoxia in ovine pregnancy promoted fetal growth restriction with evidence of fetal brain-sparing, increased placental hypoxia-mediated oxidative damage and activated placental stress response pathways. These changes were linked with dilation of the placental endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and increased placental expression of the antiangiogenic factors sFlt-1 and sEng, combined with a shift towards an angiogenic imbalance in the maternal circulation. Chronic hypoxia further led to an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance, and the fall in maternal blood pressure with advancing gestation measured in normoxic pregnancy did not occur in hypoxic pregnancy. Conclusions: Therefore, we show in an ovine model of sea level adverse pregnancy that chronic hypoxia recapitulates physiological and molecular features of preeclampsia in the mother, placenta and offspring.

Increasing severity of drought stress due to global change and extreme weather has been affecting the biodiversity, function, and stability of forest ecosystems. However, despite being an important component in the alpine and subalpine vegetation in forest ecosystems, Rhododendron species have been paid rare attention in the study of molecular mechanism of tolerance or response to drought. Herein, we investigated the correlation of transcriptomic changes with the physiological and biochemical indicators of Rhododendron rex under drought stress by using the co-expression network approach and regression analysis. Compared with the control treatment, the number of significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) increased with the degree of drought stress. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell wall metabolic process, signaling pathways, sugar metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Coupled analysis of the transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical parameters indicated that the metabolic pathways were highly correlated with the physiological and biochemical indicators under drought stress, especially the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the actual photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry. The majority of the response genes related to the metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and phytohormone signal pathway, were highly expressed under drought stress. In addition, genes associated with cell wall, pectin, and galacturonan metabolism also played crucial roles in the response of R. rex to drought stress. The results provided novel insight into the molecular response of the alpine woody species under drought stress and may improve the understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to the global climate change.

The saline groundwater level of many supratidal wetlands is rising, which is expected to continue into the future because of sea level rise by the changing climate. Plant persistence strategies are increasingly important in the face of changing climate. However, the response of seed persistence to increasing groundwater level and salinity conditions is poorly understood despite its importance for the continuous regeneration of plant populations. Here, we determined the initial seed germinability and viability of seven species from supratidal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta and then stored the seeds for 90 days. The storage treatments consisted of two factors: groundwater level (to maintain moist and saturated conditions) and groundwater salinity (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/L). After retrieval from experimental storage, seed persistence was assessed. We verified that the annuals showed greater seed persistence than the perennials in the supratidal wetlands. Overall, seed persistence was greater after storage in saturated conditions than moist conditions. Salinity positively affected seed persistence under moist conditions. Surprisingly, we also found that higher groundwater salinity was associated with faster germination speed after storage. These results indicate that, once dispersed into habitats with high groundwater levels and high groundwater salinity in supratidal wetlands, many species of seeds may not germinate but maintain viability for some amount of time to respond to climate change.

The good oxygen barrier and hydrophobic properties of curdlan (CL) film might be suitable complements for MC film, and its similar glucose unit and thermal-gel character might endow the methyl cellulose (MC)/CL blended system with compatibility and good comprehensive properties. Thus, MC/CL blended films were developed. The effects of MC/CL blend ratios on the microstructures and physical properties of the blends were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oxygen and water vapor permeability testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), light transmittance testing, tensile testing, hydrophilic property testing, and water solubility testing. The introduction of CL affected the molecular aggregation and crystallization of the MC molecules, suggesting MC–CL molecular interactions. The cross-sectional roughness of the MC/CL film increased with an increase in CL content, while the surface of the MC/CL 5:5 film was smoother than those of the MC/CL 7:3 and 3:7 films. Only one glass transition temperature, which was between that of the MC and CL films, was observed for the MC/CL 7:3 and MC/CL 5:5 films, indicating the good compatibility of the MC and CL molecules at these two blend ratios. The hydrophobicity and water insolubility increased with the CL content, which was due to the combined effects of more hydrophobic cavities in the CL triple-helix and increased surface roughness. Increased oxygen barrier properties with increasing CL content might be a combined effect of the increased hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic ektexines of the CL triple-helix. The elongations of the blended films were higher than those of the MC film, which might be related to its increased water content. The MC/CL 7:3 and MC/CL 5:5 films retained the good light transmittance and tensile strength of the MC film, which corresponded well to their good compatibility and might be due to the effects of the MC–CL molecular interactions and the relative smooth morphologies. MC/CL 5:5 showed improved water vapor barrier properties, which might be due to its smooth surface morphologies. This research offers new MC based films with improved properties and good compatibility, providing great potential for use as edible coatings, capsules, and packaging materials.

Event extraction (EE) is crucial to downstream tasks such as new aggregation and event knowledge graph construction. Most existing EE datasets manually define fixed event types and design specific schema for each of them, failing to cover diverse events emerging from the online text. Moreover, news titles, an important source of event mentions, have not gained enough attention in current EE research. In this paper, We present Title2Event, a large-scale sentence-level dataset benchmarking Open Event Extraction without restricting event types. Title2Event contains more than 42,000 news titles in 34 topics collected from Chinese web pages. To the best of our knowledge, it is currently the largest manually-annotated Chinese dataset for open event extraction. We further conduct experiments on Title2Event with different models and show that the characteristics of titles make it challenging for event extraction, addressing the significance of advanced study on this problem. The dataset and baseline codes are available at https://open-event-hub.github.io/title2event., Comment: EMNLP 2022

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jag-10.1177_07334648211067526 for Assessing the Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Coding for Delirium by Victoria L Chuen, Adrian C.H Chan, Jin Ma, Shabbir M.H Alibhai and Vicky Chau in Journal of Applied Gerontology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221111852 for Association between the time of day at stroke onset and functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy by Xian Wang, Xiaoyin Wang, Jin Ma, Milan Jia, Longfei Wu, Weili Li, Chuanhui Li, Chuanjie Wu, Changhong Ren, Xin Chen, Wenbo Zhao and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jag-10.1177_07334648211067526 for Assessing the Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Coding for Delirium by Victoria L Chuen, Adrian C.H Chan, Jin Ma, Shabbir M.H Alibhai and Vicky Chau in Journal of Applied Gerontology

Visual question answering is an important task in both natural language and vision understanding. However, in most of the public visual question answering datasets such as VQA, CLEVR, the questions are human generated that specific to the given image, such as `What color are her eyes?'. The human generated crowdsourcing questions are relatively simple and sometimes have the bias toward certain entities or attributes. In this paper, we introduce a new question answering dataset based on image-ChiQA. It contains the real-world queries issued by internet users, combined with several related open-domain images. The system should determine whether the image could answer the question or not. Different from previous VQA datasets, the questions are real-world image-independent queries that are more various and unbiased. Compared with previous image-retrieval or image-caption datasets, the ChiQA not only measures the relatedness but also measures the answerability, which demands more fine-grained vision and language reasoning. ChiQA contains more than 40K questions and more than 200K question-images pairs. A three-level 2/1/0 label is assigned to each pair indicating perfect answer, partially answer and irrelevant. Data analysis shows ChiQA requires a deep understanding of both language and vision, including grounding, comparisons, and reading. We evaluate several state-of-the-art visual-language models such as ALBEF, demonstrating that there is still a large room for improvements on ChiQA., Comment: CIKM2022 camera ready version

The rapid development of distributed energy resources (DERs) has brought many challenges to the operation of distribution networks in recent years, where operating envelopes (OEs), as a key enabler to facilitate DER integration via virtual power plants, have attracted increasing attention. Geometrically, OEs are inherently linked to the feasible region (FR) concept, which depicts an area that quantifies the permissible operational ranges for all DERs. This paper studies how to calculate FR for DERs based on a linear unbalanced three-phase power flow model while considering uncertainties from measured/estimated network impedances, leading to the robust feasible region (RFR). With an initialised FR, the proposed solution algorithm aims to seek the RFR by solving a non-convex bilinear problem, formulated based on Motzkin Transposition Theorem, and updating the RFR alternatively until reaching convergence. Two cases, including a 2-bus illustrative network and a representative Australian network, have been tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach., Comment: Accepted by IEEE PES General Meeting 2023

Additional file 1: Table S1. HPLC conditions for analysis standard compound and PLG extract.

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a sensitive and widely used technique for quantifying gene expression levels, and its accuracy depends on the reference genes used for data normalization. To date, no reference gene has been reported in the nutritious and functional vegetable okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Herein, 11 candidates of reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability in okra in different tissues at different developmental stages by using three software algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper) and a web-based tool (RefFinder). Among them, eukaryotic initiation factor 4 alpha (eIF4A) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) showed the highest stability, while TUA5 had the lowest stability. The combined usage of these two most stable reference genes was sufficient to normalize gene expression in okra. Then, the above results were further validated by normalizing the expression of the cellulose synthase gene CesA4. This work provides appropriate reference genes for transcript normalization in okra, which will facilitate subsequent functional gene research on this vegetable crop.

When balancing the three-phase load in the low-voltage station area, it is necessary to identify and adjust the phase of some users. Due to the reality that power company only stores the users' power consumption data, this paper proposed a method to extract the data features through the wavelet analysis of the electric consumption data. The features are extracted in both three phases end and the consumer end at the same time, and the similarity analysis is carried out with the features to identify the user mounting phase. Based on the real data of a low voltage station in S Province, the daily power data of each phase of distribution transformer is generated by fitting, and then the above method is applied to the phase identification of all consumers in the station area, and the recognition accuracy is close to 60%. Finally, the factors that affect the accuracy of phase identification are analyzed, and it is concluded that the fitting accuracy of each phase electric consumption data and the sampling period of consumers’ quantity data will affect the accuracy of phase identification.

Encyonema chebalingense W.Zhang & S.Blanco sp. nov. Figs 1���21 Description:���LM: Valves distinctly asymmetrical and dorsiventral, semielliptical or semielliptical-lanceolate, dorsal margin clearly arched, ventral margin nearly straight or slightly concave. Both ends gradually narrowed, apices not or only slightly protracted, broadly to obtusely rounded (Figs 1���9). Length of the observed specimens 17.8���26.0 ��m, width 5.2���6.7 ��m, length/width ratio 3.4���3.9 (n=17). Raphe slightly inclined to the ventral margin, nearly straight and linear. The proximal raphe end is slightly curved to the dorsal margin, the end slit of the distal end is close to the valve edge and conspicuously curved to the ventral margin. Axial area narrow, conspicuously inclined to the ventral side, and one stria (sometimes two) on the middle ventral side is shorter. Striae radiate with areolae indistinguishable under LM. Terminal striae density 10���11 in 10 ��m, becoming 8���10 in 10 ��m toward the central area. SEM: Externally, the valve of E. chebalingense is flat and the transition from the valve face to the mantle is gradual (Figs 10, 11). No stigmoids are present in the central area (Figs 12, 13). The proximal ends of the raphe are clearly enlarged and inclined to the dorsal side, while terminal fissures are hooked to the ventral side of the valve at an angle of almost 90��. The axial area is narrow and linear (Figs 10, 11, 14, 15). Most of the striae are composed by single areolae of different sizes and shapes, mostly short lineolae or slit-like. The middle part of the ventral side has significantly shortened striae (Figs 10���13). Internally, the proximal raphe endings are hidden by an overgrowth of silica (Fig.18), distal raphe ends terminate in small helictoglossae (Figs 16, 17, 19���21). The uniseriate areolae of each stria are arranged between the interstria, and short tectullae project within the striae (Figs 16���20). Areolae 40���45 in 10 ��m within ventral and dorsal striae. Type:��� CHINA. Guangdong Province: Shixing County, Shaoguan City, upper reaches of Mojiang River, 24��43���21��� N, 114��15���24��� E. 357 m asl, Date: X.L. Lin August 23 2020. Etymology:���The specific epithet ��� chebalingense ��� refers to the place from which this new species was collected., Published as part of Huang, Ruohan, Ma, Jin, Wang, Xianyun, Blanco, Sa��l, Kociolek, John Patrick & Zhang, Wei, 2021, Encyonema chebalingense sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) from Guangdong Province, China, pp. 77-84 in Phytotaxa 508 (1) on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5425793

During a survey of freshwater diatoms from Mojiang River, Chebaling Nature Preserve in Shaoguan City, Shixing County, Guangdong Province, China, a new Encyonema species, Encyonema chebalingense sp. nov., was discovered. Based on observations with light and scanning electron microscopy, a detailed morphological description of E. chebalingense is here presented. The main features of E. chebalingense include: conspicuously asymmetrical and dorsiventral, semielliptical to semielliptical–lanceolate valves, with a filiform raphe; dorsal margin clearly arched and ventral margin nearly straight or slightly concave; central area on the ventral side formed by 1–2 shorter central striae; and short tectullae projecting within the striae. The new species was compared with some similar species, all of which show similarities to E. chebalingense but differ in features such as dimensions, internal valve structure, stria density and valve shape. This genus is common and abundant in relatively clean waters, and other new species most likely will be recorded in the future from China.

Yu, Xiang-Qin, Liu, En-De, Liu, Zhen-Wen, Xiao, Bo, Ma, Jin-Lin, Yang, Shi-Xiong (2021): Camellia luteocalpandria (Theaceae), a new species and the first discovery of sect. Calpandria in China. Phytotaxa 489 (2): 223-228, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.11

Camellia luteocalpandria S.X.Yang & E.D. Liu, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Type:��� CHINA. Yunnan: Malipo Xian, in the riverside forest, elev. 600 m, 18 October 2020, S . X. Yang, E. D. Liu, W Fang, J. Zou & C. H . Wang 6415 (holotype KUN [KUN1498270]; isotypes AA, K, KUN, P, PE). Diagnosis:��� Camellia luteocalpandria differs from other two species in sect. Calpandria in its petals yellow (not white) and the filament 1-whorled, all united into a tube for their whole length (not 2-3-whorled, inner ones free or partly united)., Published as part of Yu, Xiang-Qin, Liu, En-De, Liu, Zhen-Wen, Xiao, Bo, Ma, Jin-Lin & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2021, Camellia luteocalpandria (Theaceae), a new species and the first discovery of sect. Calpandria in China, pp. 223-228 in Phytotaxa 489 (2) on page 224, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/5756565