Search

The concepts of exterior and boundary in multiset topological space are introduced. We further established few relationships between the concepts of boundary, closure, exterior and interior of an M- set. These concepts have been pigeonholed by other existing notions viz., open sets, closed sets, clopen sets and limit points. The necessary and sufficient condition for a multiset to have an empty exterior is also discussed., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.5642

Endogenous Reactivation and Exogenous Re-infection by Beijing Clade Isolated from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Sikkim, India The ascending rate of retreatment of tuberculosis in Sikkim, India is becoming a key issue due to default, relapse and failure. However, in case of relapse and failure, clinician wants to confirm whether they are fighting same bacteria during retreatment to choose the drugs during second spell of treatment. We wanted to confirm the bacterial strain homology isolated in both occasions (primary isolate and the isolated after relapse or failure) using molecular tools.

A new class of fuzzy closed sets, namely fuzzy weakly closed set in a fuzzy topological space is introduced and it is established that this class of fuzzy closed sets lies between fuzzy closed sets and fuzzy generalized closed sets. Alongwith the study of fundamental results of such closed sets, we define and characterize fuzzy weakly compact space and fuzzy weakly closed space., {"references":["","Arya, S.P., Nour, T., Characterization of s-normal spaces, Indian J. Pure\nAppl. Math., 21, (1990), 717–719.","Azad, K. K., On fuzzy semicontinuity, fuzzy almost continuity and fuzzy\nweakly continuity, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 82, (1981), 14–32.","Balasubramanian, G., Sundaram, P., On some generalizations of fuzzy\ncontinuous functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 86, (1997), 93–100.","Benchalli, S.S., Wali, R.S., On Rw-closed sets in topological spaces,\nBull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc., 30(2), (2007), 99–110.","Bhattacharyya, P., Lahiri, B.K., Semi generalized closed sets in topology,\nIndian J. Pure Appl. Math., 29, (1987), 375–382.","Bin Shahna, A.S., On fuzzy strong semi-continuity and fuzzy precontinuity,\nFuzzy Sets and Systems, 44, (1991), 14–32.","Caldas, M., Navagi, G., Saraf, R., On some functions concerning fuzzy\npg-closed sets, Proyecciones, 25(3), (2006), 262–271.","Chang, C.L., Fuzzy topological spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 24, (1968),\n182-190.","El-Shafei, M.E., Zakari, A., Semi-generalized continuous mappings in\nfuzzy topological spaces, J. Egyptian Math. Soc. 15(1), (2007), 57-67.\n[10] Ganguly, S., Saha, S., A note on compactness in fuzzy setting, Fuzzy\nSets and Systems, 34, (1990), 117–124.\n[11] Livine, N., Semiopen sets and continuity in topological spaces, Amer.\nMath. Monthly, 70, (1963), 36–41.\n[12] Livine, N., Generalized closed sets in topology, Rend. Circ. Mat.\nPalemore, 19, (1970), 89–96.\n[13] Lowen, R., Fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy compactness, J. Math.\nAnal. Appl., 56, (1976), 621–633.\n[14] Mahanta, J., Das, P.K., On fuzzy g*s-closed sets, International Journal\nof Computer Applications, 43:2, (2012), 17-21.\n[15] Maki, H., Fukutake, T., Kojima, M., Harada, H., Generalized closed sets\nin fuzzy topological spaces,I, Meeting on Topological Spaces, Theory\nand its Applications, (1998), 23–36.\n[16] Maki, H., Devi, R., Balachandran. K., Generalized α-closed sets in\ntopology, Bull. Fukuoka Univ. Ed. Part-III, 42, (1993), 13–21.\n[17] Navalagi, G.B., Definition bank in general topology, Topology Atlas\nPreprint # 449, May, 2000.\n[18] Palaniappan, N., Fuzzy Topology, Narosa Publishing House, 2002.\n[19] Saraf, R.K., Caldas, M., Mishra, S., Results via Fgα−closed sets and\nFαg-closed sets, preprint.\n[20] Saraf, R.K., Navalagi, G., Kumar, M., On fuzzy semi-pre-generalized\nclosed sets, Bull. Mal. Mat. Sci. Soc,, 28(1), (2005), 19–30.\n[21] Sundaram, P., Sheik John, M., On w-closed sets in topology, Acta\nCiencia Indica, 4, (2000), 389–392.\n[22] Thakur, S.S., Singh, S., On fuzzy semi-preopen sets and fuzzy semi-pre\ncontinuity, Fuzzy Sets and Systems,, 98, (1998), 383–391."]}

Background & objectives: In India, human pulmonary paragonimiasis is an important public health problem in the northeastern (NE) region. In 2005 we reported a hyperendemic focus of paragonimiasis in a remote tribal village in the hills of Changlang district in Arunachal Pradesh. The community was made aware of the disease and all active cases were treated. This study was aimed to assess the decline in the prevelance of paragonimiasis in the same area after a re-survey done in 2011 after a gap of six years. Methods: Re-surveys were carried to determine the reduction in the prevalence of paragonimiasis. Community education was given to the villagers to raise their awareness about paragonimiasis. A total of 624 individuals including 301 children (age < 15 yr) were included in the study. Sputum and stool samples were examined for eggs of lung flukes. Serum samples were screened for IgG antibodies against lung fluke antigen by ELISA. Results: A significant (P

Mosquitoes are the vectors of several life threatening diseases like dengue, malaria, Japanese encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis, which are widely present in the north-eastern states of India. Investigations on five local plants of north-east India, selected on the basis of their use by indigenous communities as fish poison, were carried out to study their mosquito larvicidal potential against Anopheles stephensi (malaria vector), Stegomyia aegypti (dengue vector) and Culex quinquefasciatus (lymphatic filariasis vector) mosquitoes. Crude Petroleum ether extracts of the roots of three plants viz. Derris elliptica, Linostoma decandrum and Croton tiglium were found to have remarkable larvicidal activity; D. elliptica extract was the most effective and with LC50 value of 0.307 μg/ml its activity was superior to propoxur, the standard synthetic larvicide. Half-life of larvicidal activity of D. elliptica and L. decandrum extracts ranged from 2-4 days.