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In this study, we investigate a novel technique to overcome scope insensitivity in the context of donations. This study follows up on previous experiments by changing from personal donation judgements to contingency valuation judgements. In other words, rather than asking participants how much money they would donate in order to buy Christmas gifts for children, we ask them how much money they think would be needed in order to buy Christmas gifts for a group of children.

In this project, we study how the Intangibleness of existential risk causes people to underestimate these risks and whether this can be overcome by giving more concrete examples.

In this study, we investigate a novel technique to overcome scope insensitivity in the context of donations. Our sequential Unit Asking technique sequentially increases the number of units (e.g., number of children) and asks participants how much they would be willing to donate to help these units. We compare this technique to classical Unit Asking (Hsee et al., 2013) where participants are only asked about one unit and the final units (e.g. 100 units). Furthermore, we will compare the sequential Unit Asking technique to direct asking where participants are only asked about the final units.

In this study, we investigate a novel technique to overcome scope insensitivity in the context of donations. This study follows up on previous experiments with the aim to create the most favorable conditions for scope sensitivity. Scope sensitivity is defined as participants donating more for a larger scope in comparison to a smaller scope (as compared to a ‘stronger’ definition of scope sensitivity which would imply increasing donations linearly with the number of units affected). In a previous study, we told participants the maximum number of people they would be asked about in the beginning of the experiment. In addition, we varied the scope between fairly large numbers (i.e, 100 vs. 10 000), which might cause the donation decision to be mostly determined by budget constraints. Therefore, in this study, participants (1) will not know the maximum scope beforehand for most conditions, and (2) the maximum scope will vary between smaller numbers of children (i.e., 10 vs. 50). Participants will be instructed to imagine that a kindergarten in their neighborhood needs Christmas gifts. They will then be asked to indicate a donation depending on the number of children. In addition, a photo of one child will be included. Our Sequential Unit Asking (SUA) technique sequentially increases the number of children and asks participants how much they would be willing to donate to help them. We compare this technique to Classical Unit Asking (CUA, Hsee et al., 2013), where participants are only asked about one child and then the full scope. We compare these techniques across two different scopes (i.e., 10 children vs. 50 children). The sequential Unit Asking technique can scale to the larger scopes (1) by keeping the stepsize constant and increasing the distance between two steps and (2) by keeping the increase per step constant and increasing the number of steps. In addition, for SUA, we add a condition where people do know the max number of units. For more details see the section ‘Conditions’.

In this study, we investigate a novel technique to overcome scope insensitivity in the context of donations. Participants will be asked to imagine that the charity Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition asks them for donations to fight hunger in Ethiopia. They will then be asked to indicate a donation for differing numbers of affected children. In addition, a photo of one child will be included. Our Sequential Unit Asking (SUA) technique sequentially increases the number of children and asks participants how much they would be willing to donate to help them. We compare this technique to Classical Unit Asking (CUA, Hsee et al., 2013), where participants are only asked about one child and then the full scope. Furthermore, we will compare to Direct Asking (DA), where participants are only asked about the final units. We compare these techniques across two different scopes (i.e., 100 children vs. 10 000 children). The sequential Unit Asking technique can scale to the larger scopes (1) by keeping the stepsize constant and increasing the distance between two steps and (2) by keeping the increase per step constant and increasing the number of steps. By testing interactions between type of asking and scope, this study aims to test the prediction that SUA does combat scope insensitivity, while CUA does not.

In this study, we will investigate Questionable Research Practices (QRP) and Good Research Practices (GRP) among psychology students in The Netherlands. We will distribute a questionnaire including questions about QRP's, GRP's, stress, motivation, and attitude towards QRP's. These questions are related to their thesis (either Bachelor or Master thesis).

In this project, we aim to develop a questionnaire to measure anti-natalism.

This project tries to investigate, which kinds of search queries are diagnostic for peoples attitudes and to establish Google search queries as a data source for psychology

A study examining whether conflict primes can influence responding in a subsequent affective facial expression classification task.

This repository contains data collected and analyzed during the Structural Equation Modeling 1: Confirmatory Factor Analysis 2020 course of the University of Amsterdam: Research Master Psychology. The entire course is online at http://sachaepskamp.com/SEM2020. Data was collected between April 9 and April 16, during the peak COVID-19 outbreak.

The most recent meta-analysis that looked into the bystander-effect was published more than 10 years ago and created uncertainty about the existence of such an effect, as indicated by the different interpretations from studies that cited the meta-analytic study. The majority of these studies cited the meta-analysis as evidence for the bystander-effect, while the study actually showed that the effect attenuated when the emergency was recognized as such and bystander help was most needed. Besides, much new field research has been published on the bystander-effect since 2011, a replication crisis arose after 2011 that caused many researchers to adjust the way in which they conduct their research, and evaluation studies of the most recent meta-analysis showed high publication bias and low predicted replicability. Combined, these arguments validate the need for a new meta-analysis into the bystander-effect that updates with the new studies published after 2011, corrects for the publication bias in the literature, and takes several study characteristics related to open science principles into account. The aim of the current confirmatory study is, therefore, to resolve the uncertainty around the following question: How does the number of bystanders present in an emergency impact the intervention behavior of those bystanders, and do danger level, social relationships, and study characteristics related to open science principles moderate this relationship?

In meta-analyses, it is critical to assess the extent to which publication bias might have compromised the results. Classical methods based on the funnel plot, including Egger’s test and Trim-and-Fill, have become the de facto default methods to do so, with a large majority of recent meta-analyses in top medical journals (85%) assessing for publication bias exclusively using these methods. However, these classical funnel plot methods have important limitations when used as the sole means of assessing publication bias: they essentially assume that the publication process favors large point estimates for small studies and does not affect the largest studies, and they can perform poorly when effects are heterogeneous. In light of these limitations, we recommend that meta-analyses routinely apply other publication bias methods in addition to or instead of classical funnel plot methods. To this end, we describe how to use and interpret selection models. These methods make the often more realistic assumption that publication bias favors ``statistically significant'' results and that also directly accommodate effect heterogeneity. Selection models are well-established in the statistics literature and are supported by user-friendly software, yet remain rarely reported in many disciplines. We use previously published meta-analyses to demonstrate that selection models can yield insights that extend beyond those provided by funnel plot methods, suggesting the importance of establishing more comprehensive reporting practices for publication bias assessment.

Robotic systems will become in the future of space exploration an important technology, whereby brushless motor drives are used for locomotion and manipulation. This paper presents the radiation test results of a COTS motor driver.

In this study, we test one prediction of a computational model of moral decision-making - people learn from feedback. To this end, we show people moral dilemmas and show them outcomes based on their decisions. We then investigate how learning about the outcomes affects their decision-making.

The effect of high pressure thermal (HPT) processing on the inactivation of spores of proteolytic type B Clostridium botulinum TMW 2.357 in four differently composed low-acid foods (green peas with ham, steamed sole, vegetable soup, braised veal) was studied in an industrially feasible pressure range and temperatures between 100 and 120°C. Inactivation curves exhibited rapid inactivation during compression and decompression followed by strong tailing effects. The highest inactivation (approx. 6-log cycle reduction) was obtained in braised veal at 600 MPa and 110°C after 300 s pressure-holding time. In general, inactivation curves exhibited similar negative exponential shapes, but maximum achievable inactivation levels were lower in foods with higher fat contents. At high treatment temperatures, spore inactivation was more effective at lower pressure levels (300 vs. 600 MPa), which indicates a non-linear pressure/temperature-dependence of the HPT spore inactivation efficiency. A comparison of spore inactivation levels achievable using HPT treatments versus a conventional heat sterilization treatment (121.1°C, 3 min) illustrates the potential of combining high pressures and temperatures to replace conventional retorting with the possibility to reduce the process temperature or shorten the processing time. Finally, experiments using varying spore inoculation levels suggested the presence of a resistant fraction comprising approximately 0.01% of a spore population as reason for the pronounced tailing effects in survivor curves. The loss of the high resistance properties upon cultivation indicates that those differences develop during sporulation and are not linked to permanent modifications at the genetic level.

The Compliant Assistance and Exploration SpAce Robot (CAESAR) is DLR's consistent continuation in the development of force/torque controlled robot systems. The basis is DLR’s world-famous light-weight robot technology (LWR III) which was successfully transferred to KUKA, one of the world’s leading suppliers of robotics. CAESAR is the space qualified equivalent to the current service robot systems for manufacturing and human-robot cooperation. It is designed for a variety of on-orbit services e.g. assembly, maintenance, repair, and debris removal in LEO/GEO. The dexterity and diversity of CAESAR will push the performance of space robotics to the next level in a comparable way as the current intelligent and sensor based service robots changed robotics on earth.