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To study the incidence of eyelid tumours pertaining to age, sex, lid, globe or orbital involvement and analyse the various aspects of treatment modalities and their functional and cosmetic outcome. A prospective study of 40 cases of eyelid tumours over a period of 1 year, both benign and malignant eyelid lesions were included and those with inflammatory lesions were excluded. Patients were evaluated and treated with appropriate modalities and the outcome was analysed. Malignant tumours were common in the age group between 60-85 years and benign tumours were common in the age group of 30-45 years. Benign tumours were more common among males and malignant tumours more common among females. Out of the 40 cases, 28 (70 %) eyelid lesions were benign and 12 (30%) cases were malignant. Benign tumours were found more commonly in the upper lid and malignant tumours in lower lid. Squamous papilloma was found to be the most common benign tumour, followed by pyogenic granuloma. Meibomian carcinomais the most common malignant tumour. Most common presentation of malignant eyelid tumour was ulcerative growth pattern. Meibomian carcinoma presented in the form of nodule and ulcerative growth pattern. The treatment for most of the benign tumour was simple excision and malignant tumour was wide local excision with 4-5 mm margin clearance. Glabellar rotation flap was performed in one case of meibomian carcinoma involving the medial aspect of lower lid after excision. Hughes tarso-conjunctival flap was performed in two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, after tumour excision as the defect involved more than 75% of the lower lid without involvement of canthus. Two cases one each of sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma involving the lateral aspect of lower lid was reconstructed after excision, with Tenzel flap. In one case of sebaceous gland carcinoma with diffuse involvement of the upper lid the was excised and reconstructed with Cutler-Beard technique.Histopathologic examination of all excised lesion must be done as an innocuous looking lesion might be malignant. Early clinical suspicion of malignancy and confirmation by incisional biopsy will aid in planning wide excision and appropriate method of lid reconstruction depending on the amount of lid loss. After wide excision of malignant tumour appropriate lid reconstruction technique is done as a primary procedure in all our patients and we could obtain good outcomes with no recurrences. Advanced tumours with orbital involvement and recurrent tumour need adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Background: In an array of clinical diseases, pain management becomes increasingly complicated. The stimulation of glial cells and associations between neuroglial cells are emerging as being part of the primary mechanisms of pain. It has been observed that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline inhibits microglial activation and thereby decreases nociception. Aims and Objectives: The primary purpose of this study is to assess and compare the antinociceptive activity of minocycline with that of the conventional analgesic tramadol in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Swiss albino mice in total were allocated into four groups, each including six mice. Using Eddy’s hot plate plus tail-flick procedure, the analgesic effects of tablet minocycline 5 mg/kg and tablet minocycline dose 10 mg/kg were assessed and compared to those of tramadol. Recordings of reaction time observations are made both before and after the administration of drugs. Results of a statistical analysis were obtained. Results: Results of our study showed that in the tail-flick plus hot plate procedures, minocycline in doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg had a significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive effect in Swiss albino mice. However, the antinociceptive effect of minocycline is more when compared to distilled water, and is less when compared to standard analgesic tramadol. Conclusion: Minocycline showed significant antinociceptive activity in both doses in Swiss albino mice.

Increased life style changes have led to global epidemic of obesity. The global prevalence of obesity protracts to increase, with devastating consequences for overall health. Thus by exploring novel beneficial properties of natural products and their scientific indications are the need of the hour and can bring about a whole new revolution in nutraceutical industries and health care sectors. IP 6 (Inositol hexaphosphate) is one of the potent bioactive molecule in peanuts and in many cereals, grains, nuts, legumes and oil seeds. IP 6 is a metal chelator and may interact with minerals, proteins and starch and thus alters the solubility, functionality, digestion and absorption of the food components. The present study warrants to quantify IP 6 , a potent metal chelator present in peanuts a commonly consumed food supplement in India and to identify its role as an anti-obese molecule in 3T3-L1 cells. The content of IP 6 in raw, boiled and roasted peanuts was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the presence of IP 6 in the various processing methods. IP 6 content in raw peanuts was high when compared to roasted and boiled peanuts. In order to study the influence of IP 6 on 3T3-L1 cells the Oil Red O staining of the adipocytes were done, which showed a dose dependent inflation in the lipid accumulation thereby reducing the circulating lipids which are modulated by the action of the Peroxisome ProliferatorActivated Nuclear Receptors (PPARs). Docking studies revealed that the binding energy of IP 6 with peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ) is higher than peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor alpha (PPARα). This was further confirmed by gene expression studies using real time-PCR. However, further studies are warranted in other target genes which mediate pathologies associated to obesity. Abbreviations: IP 6 : Inositol hexaphosphate; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium; MTT: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, PDB: Protein Data Bank; RID: Refractive Index Detector; TG: Triglycerides; PPARs: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Nuclear Receptors; PEPCK: Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction