1. The effect of fetal sex on customized fetal growth charts
- Author
-
Rizzo, Giuseppe, Prefumo, Federico, Ferrazzi, Enrico, Zanardini, Cristina, Di Martino, Daniela, Boito, Simona, Aiello, Elisa, Ghi, Tullio, Altobelli, G., Arduini, M., Canzone, G., Capece, A., Carboni, E., Cariello, L., Cariati, E., Cetin, I., Chianchiano, N., Clerici, G., D’Addario, V., Di Martino, D., Cosmi, E., Giacchello, R., Giancotti, A., Giorgina, M., Maiandi, A., Mandia, L., Maruotti, G., Mazzocco, A., Nicoletti, L., Periti, E., Persico, N., Rossi, A., Stampalija, T., Tenore, A., Todros, T., Visentin, S., Verrotti, C., Viora, E., Volpe, P., Rizzo, Giuseppe, Prefumo, Federico, Ferrazzi, Enrico, Zanardini, Cristina, Di Martino, Daniela, Boito, Simona, Aiello, Elisa, Ghi, Tullio, Altobelli, G., Arduini, LAURA MARIA ANGELA, Canzone, G., Capece, A., Carboni, E., Cariello, L., Cariati, E., Cetin, I., Chianchiano, N., Clerici, Giuditta, D’Addario, V., Di Martino, D., Cosmi, E., Giacchello, R., Giancotti, A., Giorgina, M., Maiandi, A., Mandia, L., Maruotti, G., Mazzocco, A., Nicoletti, L., Periti, E., Persico, N., Rossi, A., Stampalija, T., Tenore, A., Todros, T., Visentin, S., Verrotti, C., Viora, E., and Volpe, P.
- Subjects
Male ,Percentile ,quantile regression ,Cross-sectional study ,customised growth chart ,fetal biometry ,Sex Factor ,Pediatrics ,Fetal Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Reference Values ,Prenatal ,Reference Value ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Growth Charts ,Ultrasonography ,Pediatric ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Singleton ,Obstetrics ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gestational age ,Perinatology and Child Health ,Italy ,Customized growth chart ,gender difference ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,embryonic structures ,Regression Analysis ,Gestation ,Female ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biometry ,Gestational Age ,Regression Analysi ,Ultrasonography, Prenatal ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Sex Factors ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Cross-Sectional Studie ,Fetus ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Growth Chart ,Surgery ,Settore MED/40 - Ginecologia e Ostetricia ,Parity (mathematics) ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fetal sex on singleton pregnancy growth charts customized for parental characteristics, race, and parity Methods: In a multicentric cross-sectional study, 8070 ultrasonographic examinations from low-risk singleton pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks of gestation were considered. The fetal measurements obtained were biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). Quantile regression was used to examine the impact of fetal sex across the biometric percentiles of the fetal measurements considered together with parents' height, weight, parity, and race. RESULTS: Fetal gender resulted to be a significant covariate for BDP, HC, and AC with higher values for male fetuses (p ≤ 0.0009). Minimal differences were found among sexes for FL. Parity, maternal race, paternal height and maternal height, and weight resulted significantly related to the fetal biometric parameters considered independently from fetal gender. CONCLUSION: In this study, we constructed customized biometric growth charts for fetal sex, parental, and obstetrical characteristics using quantile regression. The use of gender-specific charts offers the advantage to define individualized normal ranges of fetal biometric parameters at each specific centile. This approach may improve the antenatal identification of abnormal fetal growth.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF