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Compounds used in the fashion industry effect the water bodies in the vicinity of textile factories, resulting in the visible coloration of surface water. Fe-doped graphite-based in house prepared electrodes were used in the Fenton--like degradation of Reactive Blue 52 (RB52). The electrodes consisting of high-density graphite in three granulation sizes and three levels of Fe content were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of Fe in the electrodes and H2O2 concentration in syn­thetic textile wastewater were optimized. Additionally, the size of graphite grains was varied to inves­tigate whether it effects the degradation rate. Under only 10 min of electro-Fen­ton degradation, a system with 10 mmol dm-3 of H2O2 and an electrode made of 7 % of Fe and 70 µm of granulation size of graphite, degraded over 75 % of RB52, and over 99 % after 40 min of treatment. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach could be beneficial in the field of novel materials for environmental applic­ation and that in house prepared carbon could be an excellent replacement for commercially available supports. Једињења која се користе у модној индустрији утичу на водна тела у околини текс- тилних фабрика, што резултира видљивим обојењем површинских вода. Домаће елек- троде на бази графита допиране гвожђем биле су укључене у деградацију Reactive Blue 52 (RB52) механизма попут Фентонове реакције. Електроде су се састојале од графита велике густине у три величине гранулације и три количине Fе и окарактерисане су помоћу скенирајуће електронске микроскопије (SEM). Оптимизоване су количина Fe у електродама и концентрација H2O2 у синтетичкој текстилној отпадној води. Додатно, величина графитних зрна је варирана како би се испитало да ли утиче на брзину раз- градње. За само 10 min електро-Фентонове деградације систем са 10 mmol dm-3 H2O2 и електродом од 7 % Fе и 70 μm величине гранулације графита разградило се преко 75 % RB52 и преко 99 % након 40 min третмана. Добијени резултати указују на то да пред- ложени приступ може бити користан у области нових материјала за примену у животној средини и да домаће припремљени угљеник може бити одлична замена за комерцијално доступне носаче. Supplementary material: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4991]

Polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites are highly utilized in biomedical devices/implants due to their excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. These PU nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles are well known potent antimicrobial agents. Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles such as ferrites has also gained attention especially in various fields of drug delivery, biosensing and magnetic resonance imaging which requires highly specific magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) properties such as uniform size distribution, less agglomeration and stability in the biological medium. Among MNP, copper and zinc ferrites have been broadly applicable in biomedical, optoelectronic, catalysis and drug delivery. With a view to design PU/ferrites nanocomposites and to explore their antimicrobial potential, the present preliminary study reports the preparation of PU nanocomposites with copper ferrite and zinc ferrite (1 wt.%) and with the same composition. The nanocomposites were characterized using water absorption and swelling measurements. The antimicrobial activity of these composites was investigated against four bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Candida strain, C. albicans and compared with those of PU nanocomposites with silver ferrite nanoparticles. PU nanocomposites based on zinc and copper ferrites did not show antimicrobial activity, on the contrary they supported microbial attachment and growth. However, PU nanocomposites with silver ferrite did not show significant antibacterial activity but show antifungal activity and it is related with hydrophilicity of the prepared materials. X JUBILEE International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2022 (Summer Edition) : book of abstracts; July 25-29, 2022; Herceg Novi, Montenegro

Background: As a consequence of the progressive decline in human semen quality in recent decades, modern epidemiological investigations have identified several trace elements that could be responsible for this phenomenon. However, their levels in semen have not been clearly elucidated, particularly for elements present in ultra-trace levels. Methods: We aimed to determine the levels of 39 (ultra)trace elements and 5 macroelements in human semen samples with confirmed normozoospermia using ICP-based techniques. The research was amplified by analyzing blood samples from the same participants. Results: Among the analyzed (ultra)trace elements in semen samples, Zn is the most and Tm is the least prominent. Zn levels in semen are so high that Zn should be considered as a macroelement in this matrix. The levels of Zn, Rh, Sm, Re, Ir, Tl, Na, and Ca were significantly higher in semen, while the levels of Cu, As, Rb, Gd, Sb, Tb, Tm, Lu, K, and Fe were significantly higher in blood. Correlation analysis of the levels of 44 individual elements in paired semen and blood samples revealed positive correlations between 43 of the elements, particularly for Tl and Pt. An exception was the negative correlation for Cu, which showed that its high level in semen is associated with a low level in blood and contrariwise. Conclusion: The reported data can be used as baseline levels/reference values for 44 elements in human semen. Furthermore, the findings of this study could be relevant for further consideration of male infertility. Supplementary material for: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5630]

Copper serves as a limiting factor for multiple steps of tumour progression, including angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. High levels of copper have been found in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Antitumour activities of copper-chelating drugs have been reported in animal models. Organosulfur compounds (diallyl sulfide, DAS; diallyl disulfide, DADS; S-ethylcysteine, SEC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC) derived from garlic exhibit marked copper-chelating activity. We analysed a mixture of fifteen n-propyl polysulfides (DPPS) for potential antitumour activity against several murine tumour cell lines, including colon carcinoma (CT26), mammary carcinoma (4T1) and melanoma cell lines (B16F10), and compared the effects with the antiproliferative effect in highly proliferative murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). The effects of the mixture of n-propyl polysulfides (100%) on cell viability were determined using MTT assays. Cell apoptosis was analysed using Annexin V-FITC/PI assays.The results of the MTT assays indicate that this standardized mixture of n-propyl polysulfides has a strong, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against all three of the tested tumour cell lines (CT26, 4T1, B16F10). The cytotoxic effect of the n-propyl polysulfide mixture against the CT26 and B16F10 cell lines was much stronger than that of cisplatin and was significantly weaker in mMSCs, which are non-cancerous and highly proliferative cells, than in cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis of CT26 and 4T1 cells revealed that apoptosis was not the dominant mechanism of cell death induced by the n-propyl polysulfide mixture. The n-propyl polysulfide mixture exerted highly cytotoxic activity against murine colon carcinoma and melanoma cell lines, but its antiproliferative activity against mMSCs was significantly lower than that of cisplatin. Bakar učestvuje u različitim fazama progresije tumora, u angiogenezi, rastu i metastaziranju. Povećane vrednosti bakra u serumu i u tkivu tumora, karakteristika su različitih vrsta tumora kod ljudi. U animalnim eksperimentalnim modelima, supstance (lekovi) koje heliraju bakar ispoljavaju anti-tumorski efekat. Helatori bakra su i organosumporna jedinjenja, izolovana iz belog luka. U ovoj studiji analizirali smo potencijalnu anti-tumorsku aktivnost smeše petnaest različitih n-propil polisulfi da na nekoliko mišjih ćelijskih linija tumora: karcinom kolona (CT26), karcinom dojke (4T1) i melanom (B16F10). Aktivnost ove smeše na tumorskim linijama, uporedili smo sa antiproliferativnim efektom na mezenhimalne matične ćelije miša (engl. murine mesenchymal stem cells, mMSC). Efekat smeše n-propil polisulfi da (100%) na vijabilnost ćelija ispitali smo MTT testom. Apoptozu ćelija smo analizirali koristeći Annexin V-FITC/PI test. Rezultati MTT testa ukazuju da standardizovana smeša n-propil polisulfi da ima jak citotoksični, dozno-zavisni, efekat na sve tri testirane ćelijske linije tumora (CT26, 4T1, B16F10). Smeša n-propil polisulfi da ispoljava izraženiji citotoksični efekat na CT26 i B16F10 linije u odnosu na cisplatinu. Citotoksični efekat ove smeše na mMSC je značajno slabiji poredeći sa efektom cisplatine, što ukazuje na selektivnije dejstvo. Analiza CT26 i 4T1 ćelija protočnom citometrijom pokazala je da apoptoza nije glavni oblik smrti ćelija, koju uzrokuje smeša n-propil polisulfi - da. Smeša n-propil polisulfi da ispoljava jaču citotoksičnu aktivnost na ćelijskim linijama mišjeg karcinoma kolona i melanoma i slabiju aktivnost na mMSC u poređenju sa efektom cisplatine.

In this paper, the degradation of organophosphorus insecticide (malathion) with chlorine dioxide was investigated. Degradation was studied in deionized water. Optimization of degradation conditions was examined under light condition, with different doses of chlorine dioxide, after different degradation times and at different pH values. This is the first study where degradation of malathion was done using chlorine dioxide as a degradation agent. The percentage of degradation was determined by HPLC-DAD, while the degradation products were isolated and identified by GC-MS. The results showed that pH has a significant influence on the degree of degradation. The value of degradation degree determined under the optimal conditions for malathion was 97.78 % using 5 mg/L chlorine dioxide at pH 7.00 after 24 h of treatment. By analyzing mass spectra of malathion, it was found that the resulting degradation products were diethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl hydrogen phosphate and diethyl 2-((dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio)su-ccinate. U ovom radu je ispitivana degradacija organofosfornog insekticida (malationa) primenom hlor-dioksida. Degradacija je proučavana u dejonizovanoj vodi. Optimizacija uslova degradacije je ispitivana u uslovima svetlosti, sa različitim dozama hlor-dioksida, posle različitih vremenskih perioda degradacije i pri različitim pH vrednostima rastvora. Ovo je prvo istraživanje gde je degradacija malationa ispitivana upotrebom hlor-dioksida kao degradacionog sredstva. Procenat degradacije je određen pomoću HPLC-DAD, dok su degradacioni proizvodi izolovani i indentifikovani pomoću GC/MS. Rezultati su pokazali da pH ima značajan uticaj na stepen degradacije malationa. Ispitivani insekticid pokazuje dobar stepen degradacije. Vrednost stepena degradacije pri optimalnim uslovima za malation je 97,78 % primenom 5 mg/L hlor-dioksida na pH 7,00 posle 24 h tretmana. Analizom masenih spektara malationa utvrđeno je da su dobijeni degradacioni proizvodi: dietil 2-hi-droksisukcinat, dietil fumarat, dimetil hidrogen fosfat, dietil 2-((dimetoksifosforil)tio)sukcinat. Related to: [http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3287]

In this paper, the degradation of organophosphorus insecticide (malathion) with chlorine dioxide was investigated. Degradation was studied in deionized water. Optimization of degradation conditions was examined under light condition, with different doses of chlorine dioxide, after different degradation times and at different pH values. This is the first study where degradation of malathion was done using chlorine dioxide as a degradation agent. The percentage of degradation was determined by HPLC-DAD, while the degradation products were isolated and identified by GC-MS. The results showed that pH has a significant influence on the degree of degradation. The value of degradation degree determined under the optimal conditions for malathion was 97.78 % using 5 mg/L chlorine dioxide at pH 7.00 after 24 h of treatment. By analyzing mass spectra of malathion, it was found that the resulting degradation products were diethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl hydrogen phosphate and diethyl 2-((dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio)su-ccinate. U ovom radu je ispitivana degradacija organofosfornog insekticida (malationa) primenom hlor-dioksida. Degradacija je proučavana u dejonizovanoj vodi. Optimizacija uslova degradacije je ispitivana u uslovima svetlosti, sa različitim dozama hlor-dioksida, posle različitih vremenskih perioda degradacije i pri različitim pH vrednostima rastvora. Ovo je prvo istraživanje gde je degradacija malationa ispitivana upotrebom hlor-dioksida kao degradacionog sredstva. Procenat degradacije je određen pomoću HPLC-DAD, dok su degradacioni proizvodi izolovani i indentifikovani pomoću GC/MS. Rezultati su pokazali da pH ima značajan uticaj na stepen degradacije malationa. Ispitivani insekticid pokazuje dobar stepen degradacije. Vrednost stepena degradacije pri optimalnim uslovima za malation je 97,78 % primenom 5 mg/L hlor-dioksida na pH 7,00 posle 24 h tretmana. Analizom masenih spektara malationa utvrđeno je da su dobijeni degradacioni proizvodi: dietil 2-hi-droksisukcinat, dietil fumarat, dimetil hidrogen fosfat, dietil 2-((dimetoksifosforil)tio)sukcinat. Related to: [http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3286]

During typesetting, the image of figure 4 was also used in figure 5. The mistake was discovered after the original article was published online.

During typesetting, the image of figure 4 was also used in figure 5. The mistake was discovered after the original article was published online. Related to: [http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2424]

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are an important class of synthetic polymers with many industrial applications, whose properties can be custom-made by simply adjusting the composition to meet the highly diversified requirements of modern technology. TPUs are multiblock copolymers composed of alternating soft and hard segments. Significant changes of thermal, mechanical, surface, flame retardant and barrier properties of TPUs have been achieved by their combination with different nanoparticles. A large interfacial surface between TPUs and nanoparticles has led to the possibility for new properties to be created. These properties are often demonstrated as being necessary in order to meet all requirements for specific applications. Properties of TPU-based nanocomposites strongly depend on the preparation method, the type and content of hard and soft segments in the TPUs, the type and content of nanoparticles, and intensity of interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and nanoparticles. In this chapter, recent development on nanocomposites based on TPUs and different types of nanoparticles is presented. The current understanding of nanocomposites based on TPUs is reviewed in this chapter within the following topics: (a) conditions for nanoparticle preparation in order to maximize their good dispersion in the TPU matrix, (b) different methods for preparation of TPU-based nanocomposites and (c) properties of TPU-based nanocomposites depending on the type, size and shape of the incorporated nanoparticles. The research into TPU-based nanocomposites, including fundamental structure-property relationships and potential applications of TPU-based nanocomposites is discussed. In this chapter, future prospects for TPUbased nanocomposites are also presented. © 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

In this paper we present plasma-based degradation of nicotine in water solutions. Water falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used as plasma source operating in air at atmospheric pressure. Solutions containing 50 ppm and 300 ppm of nicotine in distilled or tape water were treated directly and indirectly by plasma. Influence of homogeneous catalysts Fe2+ and H2O2 was also tested. Artemia Salina organisms were used for toxicity tests of treated solutions. Degradation efficiency was the highest in direct plasma treatment of nicotine with Fe2+ as a catalyst and in this case the toxicity test showed the lowest mortality. HAKONE XV: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PRESSURE LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA CHEMISTRY: WITH JOINT COS

U poslednjih 20 godina zagađivanje slatkovodnih ekosistema toksičnim elementima je u porastu širom sveta. Zagađenjem su pogođeni pre svega izvori za vodosnabdevanje stanovništva i životno okruženje, ali i industrija kao i privreda uopšte. Međutim zbog perzistentnosti i transfera kroz lance ishrane i potencijalnog akumuliranja u ribama i drugim vodenim organizmima koji se koriste u ishrani, toksični elementi predstavljaju stalnu pretnju ljudskom zdravlju. Zagađivanje naših reka teškim metalima nameće pitanje ne samo zdravstvene ispravnosti riba iz reka već i riba iz ribnjaka obzirom da se većina šaranskih ribnjaka napaja vodom iz sistema kanala DTD. Cilj ove studije je bio da se analizira koncentracija 9 elemenata u zooplanktonu koji predstavlja značajnu prirodnu hranu šarana u poluintenzivnom sistemu gajenja. Istraživanje je obavljeno na 4 ribnjačka objekta, tokom dva ciklusa gajenja šarana, od juna do oktobra, na ribnjaku „Despotovo“. Uzorci zooplanktona za analizu elemenata su uzimani sa tri tačke u svakom jezeru pomoću planktonske mrežice veličine 250 µm jednom mesečno. Na ovaj način su sakupljene samo krupnije veličinske klase zooplanktona (Cladocera i Copepoda), koje šaranska mlađ najviše konzumira. Sa svakog jezera je uziman po još jedan uzorak zooplanktona za kvantitativnu i taksonomsku analizu. Koncentracija elemenata je analizirana induktivno spregnutom plazma masenom (ICP-MS) i optičkom emisionom spektrometrijom (ICP-OES). Rezultati su obrađeni jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse (ANOVA) u statističkom programu PAST 3.06. Značajnost razlika testirana je primenom Tukey’s post hoc testa. Podaci su klasifikovani na prolećni, letnji i jesenji aspekt tokom jednog proizvodnog ciklusa. Cladocera su dominirale u populaciji zooplanktona, osim u junu kada su Copepoda bile zastupljenije. Iako nije bilo značajnih razlika u koncentraciji elemenata između godina, osim za Cu i Sr, uočen je karakterističan sezonski obrazac kretanja koncentracija elemenata tokom celog istraživanja. Prolećni i jesenji aspekti u 2012 su bili veći nego u 2013, dok je letnji aspekt u 2013 bio viši nego u 2012. godini. Izuzetak je bila koncentracija Zn u zooplanktonu gde je situacija bila obrnuta. Povišene vrednosti većine toksičnih metala u zooplanktonu na ribnjaku Despotovo se mogu objasniti relativno velikim afinitetom egzoskeleta Cladocera za većinu dvovalentih jona. Nakon adsorbcije elementi na površini ljuštura ovih životinja, tokom vremena bivaju absorbovani kroz telesni zid u unutrašnje organe. Neke studije čak navode da površinski akumulirani kontaminanti na plenu mogu biti dostupniji predatorima od onih akumuliranih u tkivima, zbog niskog pH i visokog nivoa jonske kompleksacije koji vladaju na mestu abstorpcije, u digestivnom traktu većine životinja, Ovi rezultati nameću zaključak da je u budućim istraživanjima kontaminacije vodenih ekosistema i riba poželjno uključiti analize ne samo vode kao izvora toksičnih elemenata, već i odgovarajućih izvora hrane (plena) koji, kako je pokazano, sadrži potencijal ne samo za značajnu akumulaciju elemenata već i njihovu potencijalnu veću biodostupnost konzumentima.

The aim of this paper was the development and optimization of an electrochemical method for the degradation of two triketone herbicides, mesotrione, and sulcotrione, in a two-electrode undivided electrochemical cell equipped with commercially available, non-modified, electrode materials. The electrochemical parameters studied included five different electrode systems (Zr/Pt, Pd/Pt, C/Pt, Nb/Pt, and Ti/Pt), current densities (27.66, 55.33, ..., 110.66 mA.cm(-2)) and pH values (3, 7, and 9) in 0.05 M sodium sulfate as supporting electrolyte. The electrical energy consumption and chemical oxygen demand were calculated for optimal conditions. The degradation efficiency was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a diode array detector, while the degradation products for both pesticides were identified and compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-mass spectrometry. The results could lead to an accurate estimate of their effect on the environment. A real water sample was used to study the influence of organic matter on pesticide degradation. Based on the results obtained the electrochemical treatment could be used for the successful removal of triketone herbicides from contaminated water. This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Jović, M.; Manojlović, D.; Stanković, D.; Gašić, U.; Jeremić, D.; Brčeski, I.; Roglić, G. Electrochemical Degradation of Triketone Herbicides and Identification of Their Main Degradation Products. Clean - Soil, Air, Water 2015, 43 (7), 1093–1099. [https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300951]

Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalysts with different contents of Fe (0.5, 1.6, 3.4 and 6.4 %) were synthesized by a microwave-hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, N-2 physisorption at 77 K and UV-Vis spectrometry. The characterization showed that the Fe ions were highly dispersed in the TiO2 lattice. It was found that all the synthesized catalysts had a mesoporous structure and that Fe-doping increased the BET surface area. The UV-Vis study showed that the absorption spectra were shifted to longer wavelengths (red shift) with increasing dopant concentration. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the decolorization of the textile dye Reactive Blue 52 (RB) in aqueous solutions under sun-like radiation in the presence of H2O2 (a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process). The photocatalyst with 3.4 % Fe was found to be the most efficient in the presence of H2O2. The effect of the initial pH of the dye solution was assessed and dissolution of iron ions was studied as a function of pH value. It was concluded that decolorization was more favorable in acidic pH, and that at pH values gt 4, the release of Fe ions into the solution was negligible. Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) was investigated under the optimal conditions and it was shown that the catalyst was capable of degrading colorless pollutants.

Electrochemical treatment is a new trend for the purification of textile industry wastewater which containing azo dyes. In this paper the electrochemical treatment was used for decolorization of azo dye Reactive Blue 52. The efficiency of decolorization was compared for different electrochemical systems which were all equipped with Fisher platinum electrode as anode and a different cathode (Zr, Pd, C) in sodium sulfate as supporting electrolyte. In order to find optimal conditions the influence of various voltage and pH values of initial dye solution was studied. Decolorization rate was monitored by spectrophotometer while degradation products were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Results of HPLC analysis confirmed presence of various degradation products in electrochemical systems, which indicated different mechanism of degradation. This was also confirmed by Ek-t curve. In terms of power consumption the most cost effective system was with the graphite cathode (C/Pt).

The concentrations of iron, lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, mercury and arsenic were measured in water, sediment, five macrophytes (Typha angustifolia, Iris pseudacorus, Polygonum amphybium, Myriophyllum spicatum and Lemna gibba) and five fish species (Sander lucioperca, Abramis brama, Carassius gibelio, Silurus glanis and Arystichtys nobilis) in the GruA3/4a Reservoir, used for water supply and recreational fishing. The concentrations of all examined elements were higher in sediment than in water. The values of the ratio between element concentrations in the sediment and those in the water were the highest for Fe and As. Among the five plant species, the highest concentrations of Pb and Mn were observed in T. angustifolia, while the highest concentrations of Fe, Cu and Hg were in L. gibba. I. pseudacorus and P. amphybium had the highest concentrations of Cd and As, respectively. Among the fish species, C. gibelio showed the highest tendency of element accumulation (Fe, Cd, Cu), followed by S. lucioperca (Pb, Hg), A. brama (Mn) and A. nobilis (As). The average concentrations of elements in fish muscle, except for As in A. nobilis (2.635 +/- A 0.241 mg kg(-1) ww), were below the limits that are considered safe for human consumption in accordance with the European Commission Regulation and Official Gazette of Serbia.

The changes in inorganic and organic phosphorus (P) fractions of soil resulting from long-term fertilization (40 years) were investigated. In order to improve understanding of the sink and sources of phosphorus, P-fractions were extracted from soil samples from depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm with different amounts of monoammonium-phosphate (MAP) and then determined. The studied soil was of the Stagnosol type. Phosphate fertilizer was applied in 26, 39 and 52 kg P ha(-1) amounts during a period of 40 years. Samples were subjected to sequential extraction according to a modified Chang and Jackson method and the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure in order to extract different forms of phosphorus. The certified reference material CRM 684 (river sediment extractable phosphorus) was used to confirm the accuracy of the instrument and of both employed methods. Furthermore, the association of phosphorus with substrates was provided by comparison of the results of sequential methods of phosphorus species with the sequential extraction of metals (Fe, Al, Mn and Ca). The results of continuous fertilization during 40 years indicated increases of all forms phosphorus in the soil except of phosphorus bound to calcium and organic phosphorus. Application of higher amounts of P-fertilizer resulted in the dominance of the Al P fraction in the studied soil, which indicated that this fraction was the most responsible for the migration of phosphorus along the soil profile. U ovom radu ispitivane su promene u frakcijama neorganskog i organskog fosfora (P) u zemljištu koje su izazvane 40 godišnjim đubrenjem amonijum-fosfatom (MAR). Đubrivo je dodavano u količinama od 26, 39 i 52 kg P po hektaru zemljišta. U cilju praćenja mobilnosti fosfora, ekstrahovane su fosforne frakcije sa dve različite dubine zemljišta: površinski sloj od 0-30 cm i dubina od 30-60 cm. Tip ispitivanog zemljišta je Stagnosol. Uzorci su u cilju ekstrahovanja različitih oblika fosfora podvrgnuti sekvencijalnoj ekstrakciji i to na dva načina: prema modifikovanoj Chang i Jackson metodi i BCR metodi. Sertifikovani referentni materijal CRM 684 (rečni sediment) je korišćen za praćenje tačnosti obe korišćene metode. Osim toga je proučeno vezivanje fosfora sa supstratima (Fe, Al, Mn i Ca) koji su ekstrahovani sekvencijalnom ekstrakcijom metala. Rezultati ukazuju da kontinualno 40 godišnje đubrenje dovodi do povećanja sadržaja svih oblika fosfora u zemljištu osim fosfora koji je vezan za kalcijum i organskog fosfora. Primenom veće količine fosfornog đubriva dolazi do dominacije frakcije fosfora vezanog za aluminijum u ispitivanom zemljištu što ukazuje da je ta frakcija najodgovornija za migraciju fosfora kroz zemljište.

Inorganic salts improve the coloration of textiles, which increases the pollution load of dye-house effluent in general. Decolorization of the reactive textile dye C.I. Reactive Black 5 was studied using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in a non-thermal plasma reactor, based on the coaxial water falling film Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD). The initial dye concentration in the solution was 40.0 mg L-1. The effects of the addition of different high concentrations of inorganic salt (NaCl, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3) on the degree of decolorization were studied. The dye solution was recirculated through the DBD reactor with an applied energy density of 45.0-315 kJ L-1. The influence of residence time was investigated after 5 min and 24 h of plasma treatment. Decolorization of the dye was monitored spectrophotometrically. The pH value and the conductivity of the dye solution were measured after each recirculation. The most effective decolorization of over 90 % was obtained with the addition of NaCl (50 g L-1) with an applied energy density of 135 kJ L-1 and after a residence time of 24 h of plasma treatment. Decolorization of the solutions containing inorganic salts Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 were lower than for the solution without salt. Neorganske soli poboljšavaju bojenje tekstila. Povećana koncentracija soli u otpadnoj vodi koja potiče iz tekstilne industrije dodatno opterećuje otpadnu vodu u celini. U okviru ovog rada proučavano je obezbojavanje reaktivne tekstilne boje reaktivno crno 5 koristeći unapređeni oksidacioni proces (AOP) pomoću koaksijalnog reaktora na bazi netermičke plazme. Reaktor radi na principu dielektričnog barijernog pražnjenja (DBD), pri čemu je jedan sloj dielektrika tanak sloj tretirane vode koji se konstantno obnavlja (protočni tip reaktora). Početna koncentracija boje u tretiranom rastvoru je bila 40,0 mg L-1. Proučavan je uticaj različitih visokih koncentracija neorganskih soli (NaCl, Na2SO4 i Na2CO3) na stepen obezbojenja. Rastvor boje je sedam puta recirkulasan kroz DBD reaktor, što odgovara primenjenoj gustini energije od 45 do 315 kJ L-1. Procenat obezbojenja rastvora boje je meren posle 5 min i posle 24 h od tretmana plazmom. Obezbojavanje boje je praćeno pomoću spektrofotometrijskog merenja. Posle svake recirkulacije rastvora boje merene su promena pH vrednosti i provodljivost rastvora. Najefikasnije obezbojenje od preko 90 % dobijeno je u sistemu sa dodatkom 50 g L-1 NaCl, pri primenjenoj gustini energije od 45 kJ L-1 i posle 24 sata od plazma tretmana. Obezbojenja rastvora boje koji sadrže neorganske soli Na2SO4 i Na2CO3 bila su niža nego kod rastvora boje bez dodatka soli.

A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method with densitometric detection was established for the quantification of p-chlorophenol in wastewater. Degradation efficiency of p-chlorophenol was monitored after each treatment of the wastewater samples. Degradation of p-chlorophenol was performed by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), using UV, H2O2/UV, O3/H2O2/UV, O3 and O3/UV. The developed TLC procedure was found to be simple, rapid and precise. The method is characterized by high sensitivity (the limit of detection was 11 ng per band and limit of quantification 35 ng per band), a linear range from 75 to 500 ng per band, r = 0.9965), and high precision, accuracy (mean percentage recovery 98.6 %), and specificity. Additionally, the efficiency of degradation was monitored using HPLC giving comparable results with the reversed phase TLC measurements. Kvantifikacija p-hlorfenola u uzorcima otpadnih voda urađena je primenom tankoslojne hromatografije sa denzitometrijskom detekcijom. Efikasnost degradacije p-hlorfenola praćena je nakon svakog tretmana uzorka otpadne vode. UV svetlost, O3, kao i kombinacija H2O2/UV, O3/H2O2/UV i O3/UV su korišćeni za degradaciju p-hlorfenola. Primenjen TLC postupak je jednostavan, brz i precizan. Visoka osetljivost (limit detekcije je 11 ng po traci i limit kvantifikacije je 35 ng po traci), opseg linearnosti (od 75 do 500 ng po traci, r = 0,9965), visoka preciznost i tačnost, kao i specifičnost su karakteristike korišćenog TLC postupka. HPLC metoda, kao standardna metoda za određivanje p-hlorfenola je takođe primenjena za proučavanje efikasnosti postupka degradacije. Rezultati dobijeni primenom TLC metode su uporedivi sa HPLC merenjima.

In order to analyze and percept, even partially, what is the manifestation of complexity of contemporary intelligence operations and their realizations, the authors primarily points at actual understanding of intelligence operation concept. They indicate intelligence operations elements and signifies that enormous resources and financial means are spending during realization. Also, points that is necessary to manage complex processes of intelligence operations realization, in order to enable their efficiency and efficient ending of whole intelligence enterprise. Realization of diverse intelligence enterprises, for its complexity, dynamism and uncertainty, perforce need intelligence methodical project analysis of organizing, conducting and managing intelligence operations. Survey of intelligence operations management is, irrespective of level of ambition and detailing, extremely difficult attempt. In this paper phases of intelligence operations development are given and it points that intelligence operations planning represent first phase in process of operations management, which contains definition of aims, directions and global development strategy, specification of measures and means for achievement of established goals and selection of best alternative.

Arsenic reduction in drinking water can include treatment by adsorption, switching to alternative water sources, or blending with water that has a lower arsenic concentration. Commercial sorbents MTM, Greensand and BIRM (Clack Corporation) were modified with zirconium and titanium after activation. The modifications were performed with titanium tetrachloride and zirconium tetrachloride. The modified sorbents were dried at different temperatures. The sorption of arsenate and arsenite dissolved in drinking water (200 mu g L(-1)) onto the sorbents were tested using a batch procedure. After removal of the sorbent, the concentration of arsenic was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Zirconium-modified BIRM showed the best performance for the removal of both arsenite and arsenate. Modification of the greensand did not affect arsenic sorption ability. Zirconium-modified BIRM diminished the concentration of total As to below 5 mu g L(-1). Uklanjanje arsena iz podzemnih voda može uključivati tretman sorpcijom, prelazak na alternativne izvore vode ili mešanje sa vodom koja sadrži niske koncentracije arsena. Komercijalni sorbenti MTM, Greensand i BIRM su modifikovani cirkonijumom i titanom posle aktivacije. Modifikacija je urađena titan-tetrahloridom i cirkonijum-tetrahloridom. Modifikovani sorbenti su sušeni na različitim temperaturama. Sorpcija arsenata i arsenita rastvorenih u pijaćoj vodi je testirana batch postupkom. Posle uklanjanja sorbenta koncentracija arsena je određena HG-AAS metodom. BIRM modifikovan cirkonijumom je pokazao najbolje rezultate u uklanjanju arsenita i arsenata. Modifikacija Greensend-a nije uticala na povećanje sorpcione moći. BIRM modifikovan cirkonijumom je smanjio koncentraciju arsena ispod 5 μg L-1.

Modification and characterization of bentonite from location Bogovina, Serbia was performed in order to obtain material applicable in wastewater purification. The LT 75μm bentonite fraction was used in organobentonite synthesis while the LT 2μm bentonite fraction, obtained by hydroseparation was used in pillaring procedure. Organo-modification of bentonite was performed with (1-hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). Pillared bentonite was obtained using standard procedure. Al3+ and Fe3+ were incorporated in pillars in 4:1 ratio and applied as catalyst in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation. Differences in structure of starting and modified bentonites were established by XRD analysis and nitrogen physisorption on -196°C. The (001) smectite peak around 2θ = 6° shifts during the modification process. The Na-exchange process lowered d001 from 1.53 nm (2θ = 5.78°) for starting clay to 1.28 nm (2θ = 6.92°), but the clay retained its swelling properties. The pillaring process increased and fixed the basal spacing to 1.74 nm. Intercalation of HDTMA ions into smectite structure increased d001 to 2.00 nm for organobentonite. Specific surface area, SBET, was affected by particle size and type of modification. The samples with finer bentonite fraction had higher SBET due to increased smectite content. Na-exchanged bentonite samples had higher SBET value than starting clay samples of same granulation. Organo modification caused dramatic decrease in SBET value, while the pillaring process lead to an increase of SBET value. Adsorptive and catalytic purification of wastewaters containing dyes was tested using Acid Yellow 99 as a model dye. Na-exchanged bentonite had greater adsorption affinity for dye adsorption than raw bentonite owing to higher SBET. By organomodification this affinity was enhanced more than 70 times due to transition of bentonite surface from hydrophilic to organophilic. Al, Fe pillared bentonite was proven to be efficient in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of Acid Yellow 99 dye at room temperature. Izvršena je modifikacija i karakterizacija bentonita radi dobijanja materijala za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. Organo-modifikacija bentonita izvedena je pomoću heksadeciltrimetilamonijum-bromida. Pilareni bentonit dobijen je standardnim postupkom uz ugradnju Al3+ i Fe3+ jona u odnosu 4:1, i korišćen je kao katalizator za oksidativnu razgradnju u prisustvu vodonik-peroksida. Razlike u strukturi polaznog i modifikovanih bentonita utvrđene su rendgeno-strukturnom analizom i fizisorpcijom azota na -196°C. Ispitivano je adsorpciono i katalitičko prečišćavanje otpadnih voda koje sadrže boje, korišćenjem Acid Yellow 99 kao model boje. Izvršeno je poređenje katalitičkih i adsorpiconih svojstava modifikovanih bentonita.

Modification and characterization of bentonite from location Bogovina, Serbia was performed in order to obtain material applicable in wastewater purification. The lt 75 mu m bentonite fraction was used in organobentonite synthesis while the lt 2 mu m bentonite fraction, obtained by hydroseparation was used in pillaring procedure. Organo-modification of bentonite was performed with (1-hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). Pillared bentonite was obtained using standard procedure. Al3+ and Fe3+ were incorporated in pillars in 4:1 ratio and applied as catalyst in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation. Differences in structure of starting and modified bentonites were established by XRD analysis and nitrogen physisorption on -196 degrees C. The (001) smectite peak around 2 theta = 6 degrees shifts during the modification process. The Na-exchange process lowered d(001) from 1.53 nm (2 theta = 5.78 degrees) for starting clay to 1.28 nm (2 theta = 6.92 degrees), but the clay retained its swelling properties. The pillaring process increased and fixed the basal spacing to 1.74 nm. Intercalation of HDTMA ions into smectite structure increased d(001) to 2.00 nm for organobentonite. Specific surface area, S-BET, was affected by particle size and type of modification. The samples with finer bentonite fraction had higher S-BET due to increased smectite content. Na-exchanged bentonite samples had higher S-BET value than starting clay samples of same granulation. Organomodification caused dramatic decrease in S-BET value, while the pillaring process lead to an increase of S-BET value. Adsorptive and catalytic purification of wastewaters containing dyes was tested using Acid Yellow 99 as a model dye. Na-exchanged bentonite had greater adsorption affinity for dye adsorption than raw bentonite owing to higher S-BET. By organomodification this affinity was enhanced more than 70 times due to transition of bentonite surface from hydrophilic to organophilic. Al,Fe pillared bentonite was proven to be efficient in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of Acid Yellow 99 dye at room temperature. Izvršena je modifikacija i karakterizacija bentonita radi dobijanja materijala za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. Organo-modifikacija bentonita izvedena je pomoću heksadeciltrimetilamonijum-bromida. Pilareni bentonit dobijen je standardnim postupkom uz ugradnju Al3+ i Fe3+ jona u odnosu 4:1, i korišćen je kao katalizator za oksidativnu razgradnju u prisustvu vodonik-peroksida. Razlike u strukturi polaznog i modifikovanih bentonita utvrđene su rendgeno-strukturnom analizom i fizisorpcijom azota na -196°C. Ispitivano je adsorpciono i katalitičko prečišćavanje otpadnih voda koje sadrže boje, korišćenjem Acid Yellow 99 kao model boje. Izvršeno je poređenje katalitičkih i adsorpiconih svojstava modifikovanih bentonita.

A simulation experiment was used to study the interaction of river water with different soils (amble land, orchards, meadows, pastures and forestland). The results obtained by sequential extraction before and after the simulation experiment were compared in order to determine the substrates of the heavy metals in inundated land and to evaluate their mobility. Samples of various soils were collected from the region of the future accumulation Lake Bogovina (Serbia) and analysed for ten elements using AAS, GFAAS and ICP. Investigation of the nature of the association of heavy metals and the identification of their substrates were provided by a five-step sequential extraction. Correlation analysis was used as a method for the determination of the substrates for heavy metals. The good correlation among the microelements and certain macroelements indicated the substrates of the microelements. Manganese and iron had a good correlation with most of the microelements. Calcium had only a few correlations with some microelements. Some elements, such as nickel and cadmium, had one substrate before and another after the simulation experiment. Simulacioni ogled je upotrebljen za proučavanje interakcije rečne vode sa različitim zemljištem (oranice, voćnjaci, livade, pašnjaci i šumsko zemljište). Rezultati dobijeni sekvencijalnom ekstrakcijom pre i posle simulacionog eksperimenta upoređivani su kako bi se odredili supstrati teških metala u potopljenom zemljištu i procenila njihova mobilnost. Uzorci različitih ekohemijskih tipova zemljišta, koji su uzeti u regionu budućeg akumulacionog jezera Bogovina (Srbija), ispitivani su na deset elemenata pomoću AAS, GFAAS i ICP. Sekvencijalna ekstrakcija u pet faza primenjena je za ispitivanje prirode asocijacije teških metala i identifikaciju njihovih supstrata. Korelaciona analiza je upotrebljena za određivanje supstrata teških metala. Dobra korelacija između mikroelemenata i određenih makroelemenata ukazuje na njihove supstrate. Većina mikroelemenata je pokazivala dobru korelaciju sa manganom i gvožđem. Samo neki od mikroelemenata su imali dobru korelaciju sa kalcijumom. Cink i kadmijum su imali jedan supstrat pre, a drugi posle simulacionog ogleda.

Solutions of 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol in bidistilled and water from the river Danube were treated in plasma reactor. In this reactor, based on coaxial dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure, plasma is formed over a thin layer of treated water. After one pass through the reactor, starting chlorophenols concentration of 20 mg/l was diminished up to 95%. Kinetics of the chlorophenols degradation was monitored by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography method (HPLC). 24TH SUMMER SCHOOL AND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICS OF IONIZED GASES, CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

The need to conduct this research emerged due to vagueness relating to who has the authority to issue a warrant, and whether it is, in the first place, necessary to have a warrant for obtaining the report on outgoing and incoming calls from/to subscriber's phone number (slang - 'metering'), and for what purposes - preventive or solely repressive. The paper presents some theoretical and practical aspects, as well as criminalistic-security aspect of the 'metering' problem in the country and abroad. Starting premise in writing the paper is that it is necessary to concretely and unambiguously prescribe, with particular provision of Criminal Proceedings Legislation, the measure of obtaining the list of subscriber's outgoing and incoming phone calls in fixed, mobile and any other form of communication. Possibilities of misuse and different interpretation of provisions that are considered to imply the use of metering, are large. Potreba da se izvede ovo istraživanje javila se nakon nejasnoća oko toga ko je ovlašćen da izda nalog i da li je uopšte potreban nalog za pribavljanje izveštaja odlazno-dolaznih poziva sa telefonskog pretplatničkog broja građanina (u žargonu - 'metering'), i u koje svrhe - u preventivne ili isključivo u represivne. U radu su izložena neka znanja o teorijskim i praktičnim aspektima, te u pravnom i bezbednosno-kriminalističkom pogledu na problem 'meteringa' u svetu i kod nas. Polazna premisa u izradi rada bila je da je meru pribavljanja listinga odlazno-dolaznih poziva pretplatničkog telefonskog broja građanina, fiksne, mobilne i svake druge komunikacije neophodno konkretno i nedvosmisleno propisati posebnom odredbom krivičnoprocesnog zakonodavstva. Ovo stoga sto su mogućnosti zloupotreba i raznolikost tumačenja odredbi za koje se smatra da podrazumevaju i primenu mere meteringa velike, iako se u njima to izričito ne navodi.

This paper deals with results of laboratory experiments referring to transformer oil chemical degradation on the basis of polychlorinated bifenyls, results referring to rinsing of transformer insulation material, as well as application of "domestic" sorbent for removal of PCB from the environment. The degradations were performed by means of two different degradation devices and several different degradation procedures. Analysis of obtained degradation products from all applied procedures proved that degradation products are environmentally harmless products. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati eksperimenata hemijske degradacije transformatorskog ulja na bazi PCB, postignuti u laboratorijskim uslovima rezultati ispiranja izolacionog materijala transformatora, kao i primena "domaćeg" sorbenta za odstranjivanje polihlorovanih bifenila iz životne sredine. Degradacije su izvedene sa dva različita degradaciona sredstva i nekoliko različitih degradacionih postupaka. Analizom dobijenih degradacionih proizvoda iz svih primenjenih postupaka, ustanovljeno je da degradacioni proizvodi predstavljaju ekološki bezopasne proizvode.

Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in patients with various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study we observed 50 patients: 26 women and 24 men, between the ages of 17 and 73. Following various stages of CRF our patients were devided into IV groups, with 10 patients in each. V-th group was control group with 10 healthy persons. Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in the fasting state and following the 2 hours oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the fasting state, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were normal in all groups. With deterioration of the renal function plasma glucose and serum insulin increased slower during OGTT but their levels also decreased slower. Fasting levels of C-peptide increased continually with deterioration of renal function in all patients and values were significantly higher than in control group.

Soil contamination by toxic elements is a global problem taking into account the possibility of mobilization in the hydrosphere and biosphere, which could impose a risk to human health. The accumulation of toxic elements, metals and metalloids, in agricultural soil is of increasing interest due to food safety issues and the potential health risk as well as due to their harmful effect on the ecosystem. In order to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of certain chemical elements in the soil, it is necessary to evaluate, in addition to the total content, their contents in various soil fractions because the total content of elements provides limited information about their mobility and bioavailability... Zagađenje zemljišta toksičnim elementima predstavlja globalni problem, imajući u vidu mogućnost njihove mobilizacije u hidrosferu i biosferu, usled čega mogu predstavljati opasnost po zdravlje ljudi. Akumulacija toksičnih elemenata, metala i metaloida, u poljoprivrednom zemljištu je danas od sve većeg interesa zbog pitanja bezbednosti hrane i potencijalnih zdravstvenih rizika, kao i zbog njihovog štetnog uticaja na ekosistem. U cilju procene mobilnosti i bioraspoloživosti određenih hemijskih elemenata u zemljištu, potrebno je da se pored ukupnog sadržaja, odredi i njihov sadržaj u različitim fazama zemljišta, jer ukupni sadržaj pruža ograničene informacije o mobilnosti i biodostupnosti...