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Background: The impairing neurodevelopmental course of bipolar disorder (BD) suggests the importance of early intervention for youth in the beginning phases of the illness. Objective: We report the results of a 3-site randomized trial of family-focused therapy for youth at high-risk (FFT-HR) for BD, and explore psychosocial and neuroimaging variables as mediators of treatment effects. Methods: High-risk youth ( Results: Among 127 youth (mean 13.2+2.6 years) over a median of 98 weeks, FFT-HR was associated with longer intervals prior to new mood episodes and lower levels of suicidal ideation than enhanced care. Reductions in perceived family conflict mediated the effects of psychosocial interventions on the course of mood symptoms. Among 34 participants with pre- /post-treatment fMRI scans, youth in FFT-HR had (a) stronger resting state connectivity between ventrolateral PFC and anterior default mode network, and (b) increased activity of dorsolateral and medial PFC in emotion processing and problem-solving tasks, compared to youth in enhanced care. Conclusion: FFT-HR may delay new mood episodes in symptomatic youth with familial liability to BD. Putative treatment mechanisms include neural adaptations suggestive of improved emotion regulation.

Aims: The current study aims to investigate the root canal morphology of root canals of mandibular premolar teeth via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) among a sample of the north Indian population. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics. Methodology: A total of 240 CBCT images were examined in the study. The Mandibular premolars were identified, and canal configurations were classified according to vertucci classification. Root canal configurations were investigated using a chi-square test. Results: Of the total 240 Mandibular premolars, vertucci type I was found in 86.66% in Mandibular first premolars followed by type v (8.33%) and type iv (5%). Vertucci type I was found in 96.6% in Mandibular second premolars followed by type v (1.66%), type iii (0.8%) and type viii (0.8%). Conclusion: The root morphology of Mandibular premolars in the north Indian population demonstrated a high degree of variability. However, the clinician should be aware about the possible anatomic variations of these teeth and their relationship with the adjacent anatomic structures while planning and performing endodontic, restorative, periodontal, and surgical procedures.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is attacked by numerous diseases of which anthracnose and web blight are predominant in Tarai Zone of Uttarakhand. Anthracnose and web blight of mung bean are caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. Their occurrence and development are highly influenced by weather conditions during the cropping season. Based on epidemiological data recorded at Pantnagar for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), disease predictive models were developed using stepwise multiple regression. The result from the recorded data revealed that rainfall, T(min), rainy days, and morning relative humidity were statistically significant. Whereas, the T(max), evening relative humidity, and bright sunshine hours were statistically non-significant. Significant weather parameters were employed to develop suitable web blight and anthracnose prediction models for commonly grown varieties of mung bean. The prediction models were further validated using the web blight and anthracnose incidence data collected in mung bean varieties in 2021. The root mean square error values varied between 0.0002 – 0.0011, which shows that the models are accurate and acceptable.

Aims: The scientific case report aims to show recent technique of minimally invasive procedure for aesthetic resolution in moderate to severe fluorosis affected teeth. Presentation of Case: A clinical case of severe fluorosis was treated with microabrasion followed by resin infiltration. A commercial resin was applied on the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth resulting in masking of spots and re-establishing color uniformity. Discussion: The procedure proved to be a good option to mask spots associated with moderate to severe fluorosis. Moreover, it is a relatively quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive treatment. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that the microabrasion and resin infiltration technique is an effective conservative aesthetic treatment. It minimizes an individual’s tooth discoloration when diagnosed with moderate to severe levels of dental fluorosis and has shown a good outcome even after twelve months.

Background: Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive, safe, and acceptable technique for the removal of adnexal masses whereas specimen removal remains a big challenge due to the size and type of specimens. In this study, we have discussed the two different routes of specimen retrieval, transumbilical and transvaginal route. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 34 women with adnexal mass who were admitted for laparoscopic removal of adnexal mass. Patients were randomized into two groups, Group A included 17 women who underwent transumbilical retrieval of specimens, and Group B included 17 patients who underwent transvaginal retrieval of specimens. Results: Basic demographic data were similar in both groups. None of our patients had intraoperative & postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in Specimen retrieval time, operative time, and blood loss. Two patients (N=2) in group A had spillage. Postoperative pain was significantly higher in group A and the cosmetic response was significantly higher in group B. Conclusions: Both transumbilical and transvaginal techniques of specimen retrieval in the laparoscopically resected specimen are safe, feasible, and easy, but the Transvaginal route has advantages over the transumbilical route because of better cosmesis and less postoperative pain.

Approximated and simplified real-atmospheric process impact in physical parameterization is a primary correspondent of biases in the model, particularly for extreme events. The present study discusses how event genesis in the small and large-scale quintessential environment is incongruously simulated within a set of multiple convection parameterizations. Despite a few inherent errors, most of the selected convective parameterization schemes could indicate 10-15 days in advance the Uttarakhand heavy rains resulted from large-scale background interaction. The runs without any convection scheme, followed by new-Tiedtke and BMJ schemes, outperform in this case. Further, almost all schemes except new-Tiedtke flunked for the case of Mount-Abu flood originated from relatively local-scale interaction even from 5-day advance initialization. Results are further extended for a few other cases using best performers of both extreme events and new-Tiedtke found to be more efficient. The better representation of convection (especially the shallow) and low clouds in this scheme makes it superior to other schemes for simulating extreme precipitation events.

Background: Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a dreaded complication of breast cancer treatment that can lead to morbidity, diminished quality of life, and psychosocial harm and is associated with increased costs. Increasingly, data has supported the concept of prospective BCRL surveillance coupled with early intervention to mitigate these effects. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature searching for published randomized and prospective data evaluating prospective BCRL surveillance with early intervention. Results: We identified 12 studies (2,907 patients) including 4 randomized trials (1,203 patients) and 8 prospective studies (1,704 patients). Randomized data consistently demonstrate that early intervention reduces rates of progression to chronic BCRL with multiple paradigms and diagnostic modalities utilized; the strongest data in the review comes from the randomized PREVENT trial which demonstrated early detection with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), coupled with a compression garment applied for 12 hours a day over 4 weeks, significantly reduced the rate of chronic BCRL compared to tape measurement. Conclusions: Current data support the role of prospective BCRL surveillance with early detection and intervention to reduce rates of chronic BCRL. Breast cancer patients at risk for BCRL should undergo prospective surveillance as part of survivorship. Given the level 1 data demonstrating that BIS is superior to conventional tape measure, it should be included as the standard BCRL diagnostic modality unless an equally effective modality is employed. Citation Format: Pat Whitworth, Frank Vicini, Stephanie Valente, Kirstyn Brownson, Beth Dupree, Manpreet Kohli, Laura Lawson, Chirag Shah. Reducing Rates of Chronic Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema with Screening & Early Intervention: An Update of Recent Data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-15.

Abstract: Lipases are carboxylic ester hydrolase enzymes, constituting the class of serine hydrolases, requiring no cofactor for their action. They have various substrates and produce glycerol and free fatty acids through the hydrolysis of fats and oils. Owing to their wide applications and the simplicity with which they can be mass-produced, these are a significant group of biotechnologically important enzymes. In addition, lipases have the special characteristic of operating at a lipid/ water interface. Present review focuses on the medical and therapeutic use of lipases. These enzymes and their inhibitors have applications with remarkable success for managing or even treating diseases such as cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s. Lipases have also been used to produce healthier fatty acids and low-fat cheese. The characteristic physicochemical and catalytic properties of enzymes make them ideal for biosensors and digestive aids in individuals with exocrine pancreatic inefficiency. Newer avenues open as deeper and more relevant studies are being conducted on newer lipases.

Sickle red blood cells (RBCs) represent a naturally existing host-cell resistance mechanism to hemoparasite infections. We investigate the basis of this resistance using Babesia divergens grown in sickle (SS) and sickle trait (AS) cells. We found that oxygenation and its corresponding effect on RBC sickling, frequency of fetal hemoglobin positive (HbF+) cells, cellular redox environment, and parasite proliferation dynamics, all played a role in supporting or inhibiting Babesia proliferation. To identify cellular determinants that supported infection, an image flow cytometric tool was developed that could identify sickled cells and constituent Hb. We showed that hypoxic conditions impaired parasite growth in both SS and AS cells. Furthermore, cell sickling was alleviated by oxygenation (hyperoxic conditions), which decreased inhibition of parasite proliferation in SS cells. Interestingly, our tool identified HbF+-SS as host-cells of choice under both hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, which was confirmed using cord RBCs containing high amounts of HbF+ cells. Uninfected SS cells showed a higher reactive oxygen species–containing environment, than AA or AS cells, which was further perturbed on infection. In hostile SS cells we found that Babesia alters its subpopulation structure, with 1N dominance under hypoxic conditions yielding to equivalent ratios of all parasite forms at hyperoxic conditions, favorable for growth. Multiple factors, including oxygenation and its impact on cell shape, HbF positivity, redox status, and parasite pleiotropy allow Babesia propagation in sickle RBCs. Our studies provide a cellular and molecular basis of natural resistance to Babesia, which will aid in defining novel therapies against human babesiosis.

Aim of the present study is see the position of mental foramen on OPG in the local Punjabi population. This study was carried out on 305 digital panoramic radiographs of North Indian (Punjabi) population. Patients aged from 18 to 64 years were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of those patients between 18 and 40 years and Group B were between 41 and 64 years of age. On the right side, the most common shape of the metal foramina in Males and Females are (51.4%) and (39.2%) respectively. The most common horizontal location of MF on the right side was found to be accounting to be 54.3% and 45.5% in males and females respectively. The vertical location is variable on the right and left side and the location is In males, size was bit larger on left than right side and in females; it was almost same on both the sides.

Henry Sigerist, the medical historian, stated that “the people’s health ought to be the concern of the people themselves. They must struggle for it and plan for it. The war against disease and for health cannot be fought by physicians alone. It is the people’s war in which the entire population must be mobilized permanently.This school-based interventional study was conducted in Radharani Siksha Mandir High School located in Paltagarh, Singur Block of Hooghly district, West Bengal, among students of Class VI and Class VII on February–March. The middle school students were chosen keeping in view of their mid-adolescent age that makes them prone to injuries and accidents. All students of 6th standard and 7th standard were eligible to participate. Although educational intervention was imparted to all those present on the day of intervention, post intervention knowledge was assessed among only those students whose pre interventional knowledge score was available. Out of 230 students, 60% of the students belonged to Class VII and the rest in Class VI and half of them who participated in the study were girls (53.5%). The mean age of the study participants was 12.5 ± 0.73 years. Background data revealed that majority of their parents were educated up to tenth standard (48.7% fathers and 37.8% of mothers); father of 25.2% were farmers, 24.7% were daily laborers, 18.6% were doing business, 26.5% of them were skilled laborers, and 5.0% of them were in service while mothers of all students were homemakers. All of the students had heard of the term “first aid” and out of them, only 14 of them (6 girls and 8 boys) had reported any past practical experience of administering first aid. Among those who had heard about first aid, TV/radio was the major source of information (38.7%), followed by parents (24.3%), teachers (17.4%), friends (11.7%), and relatives (4.8%). 36.5% of the students answered that there was a chapter on first aid in their science book while the rest either denied (54.3%) or could not even remember (9.2%) any such chapter. However, all of them unanimously agreed that it was not taught as a part of their syllabus. The present study revealed that all the students had heard of the name of first aid which were similar to the findings of Priyangika and Hettiarachhi in a study conducted in Sri Lanka while Dasgupta et al. reported in her study that merely (15.2%) of the study subjects knew about the correct definition of the term first aid.”

One in three adults has raised blood pressure worldwide, a condition that causes around half of all deaths from stroke and heart disease and it’s a growing public health problem. Studies show that for every known person with hypertension there are two persons with either undiagnosed hypertension or pre hypertension.Research design: one group pre test post test design, sample: Male Sample Size: 236. The total number of study participants was 236 and their mean age was 53.7 ± 12.4 years. Around two-third (66.5%) were females. Majority (81.8%) of them were married. Only 18.6% were graduates & above. More than half of them (57.2%) were housewives and only 18.2% were having regular income. Around 47.9% were in high socio economic status (SES) and only 16.9% were in low SES. Majority (90.3%) of them were non-vegetarians.In this study, the results had showed that the prevalence of hypertension had significantly increased with time and is very high (52.1%) in the urban adult population of Puducherry in South India.

Pain, a common debilitating symptom among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), is among the most common and undertreated symptoms after kidney transplantation.Characterize associations between gut microbiome features and pain interference before and after kidney transplantation.Longitudinal, repeated measures study of 19 living-donor kidney transplant recipients, collecting fecal specimens and pain interference data pretransplant and 3 months posttransplant.Participants were recruited at the Kidney Transplant Clinic at the University of Illinois HospitalHealth Sciences System.19 living fonor kidney transplant recipients. (need to remove this from ``design''.We assessed fecal microbial community structure with shotgun metagenomic sequencing; we used pain interference scores derived from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-57.We measured a reduction in the Shannon diversity index in both groups after transplantation but observed no significant differences between groups at either time point. We did observe significant differences in fecal microbial Bray-Curtis similarity index among those reporting pain interference pretransplant versus no pain interference at 3-months posttransplant (R = .306, p = .022), and between pain interference groups posttransplant (R = .249, p = .041). Pairwise models showed significant differences between groups posttransplant in relative abundances of several taxa, including a 5-fold reduction in Akkermansia among those with pain interference and a higher relative abundance of taxa associated with chronic inflammation in those with pain interference posttransplant. Functional gene analysis identified two features that were significantly enriched in those with pain interference, including a peptide transport system gene.Gut microbiota community structure differs between groups with and without pain interference at 3 months after kidney transplantation. Several taxa involved in intestinal barrier integrity and chronic inflammation were associated with posttransplant pain.

Impairing emotional outbursts, defined by extreme anger or distress in response to relatively ordinary frustrations and disappointments, impact all mental health care systems, emergency departments, schools, and juvenile justice programs. However, the prevalence, outcome, and impact of outbursts are difficult to quantify because they are transdiagnostic and not explicitly defined by current diagnostic nosology. Research variably addresses outbursts under the rubrics of tantrums, anger, irritability, aggression, rage attacks, or emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Consistent methods for identifying and assessing impairing emotional outbursts across development or systems of care are lacking.The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Presidential Task Force (2019-2021) conducted a narrative review addressing impairing emotional outbursts within the limitations of the existing literature and independent of diagnosis.Extrapolating from the existing literature, best estimates suggest that outbursts occur in 4%-10% of community children (preschoolers through adolescents). Impairing emotional outbursts may respond to successful treatment of the primary disorder, especially for some children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder whose medications have been optimized. However, outbursts are generally multi-determined and often represent maladaptive or deficient coping strategies and responses.Evidence-based strategies are necessary to address factors that trigger, reinforce, or excuse the behaviors and to enhance problem-solving skills. Currently available interventions yield only modest effect sizes for treatment effect. More specific definitions and measures are needed to track and quantify outbursts and to design and assess the effectiveness of interventions. Better treatments are clearly needed.

A universal motor is one that is capable of operating on either AC or DC power supply. The commutator is a component of the motor that has a significant impact on how efficiently the motor operates. It is essential to conduct an analysis of the pole structure of the universal motor in order to investigate the many aspects. The parametric study of a universal motor with a rating of 1 horsepower and 15,000 revolutions per minute that was designed with various combinations of brush angle and pole embrace factor for use in agricultural applications. The purpose of this study is to improve the effectiveness of the motor while preserving the ideal tolerance range for the model's other parameters as much as possible. The approach now allows for a greater degree of personalization for each distinct combination of factors. With the assistance of the finite element method (FEM), the transient solution is carried out so that the performance of the motor can be evaluated more accurately. The model that has been designed provides major design improvements, one of which is an improved average torque.

Wax moths are a worldwide pest of honeybee colonies. They belong to the Galleriinae subfamily of the Pyralidae family in the order Lepidoptera. The Greater wax moth (Achroia grisella) and the Lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) are the two species of wax moths (Galleria mellonella). The Greater Wax Moth is the most disastrous in apiaries causing annual financial losses. Furthermore, larval feeding deteriorates wax combs and destroys hive frames and wooden elements. Wax moths feed on hive products such as wax, cast-off honey bee pupal skin, larval bee remnants, pollen, encapsulated honey bee excrement found on brood cell walls, honey bee cocoon silk and honey bee cocoon silk. They produce massive amounts of the web by entering the comb's midrib. Almost all Asian honeybee, hives are infested with wax moths. In 2021-22, GWM and LWM activities were carried out in storage at Big Bee Farm, Atwal Bee Farm and Tiwana Bee Farm. Galleria mellonella and Achroia grisella seasonally began in March, peaked in July and August and then began to decline. The highest G. mellonella and A. grisella population densities were seen during the months with mean temperatures of 32–34 degrees Celsius and relative humidity of 70–80% (50–55 RH per cent). During the winter, the study found the fewest wax moth larvae, pupae and adults in all bee storage farms.

BACKGROUND- Children and teenagers are becoming more and more obese all around the world. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) allows for short, intense bursts of activity followed by quick recovery periods, which can be repeated many times. This lead them to seek effective, inexpensive approaches that can burn a lot of calories in a short amount of time. To implement a home-based effective weight loss program through HIIT. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of HIIT on weight, pulse rate, oxygen saturation (spO2), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). METHOD - Ten different schools were selected, screened for the overweight/obese subjects and they were randomly assigned to supervised group (n=15) and non- supervised group(n=15). All the subjects performed 45 minutes of a HIIT body workout, consisting of random repetitions of 45 seconds of each exercise followed by 5 seconds of passive recovery for two weeks. RESULT – The pre and post-treatment mean values showed a significant result in both the groups (

Structural analysis of a set of phosphoramide/thiophosphoramide derivatives by scrutinizing the energy and topological calculations discloses the role of individual interactions in crystal formation.

Cooking emissions account for a major fraction of urban volatile organic compounds and organic aerosol. Aldehyde species, in particular, are important exposure hazards in indoor residential and occupational environments, and precursors to particulate matter and ozone formation in outdoor air. Formation pathways of aldehydes from oils that lead to their emissions are not well understood. In this work, we investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the formation of aldehydes from heated cooking oil emissions, through studying how antioxidants and oil composition modulate oxidation chemistry. Our results demonstrate that gaseous emissions are driven by radical-mediated autoxidation reactions in cooking oil, and the composition of cooking oils strongly influences the reaction mechanisms. Antioxidants have a dual effect on aldehyde emissions depending on the rates of radical propagation reactions. We propose a mechanistic framework that can be used to understand and predict cooking emissions under different cooking conditions. Our results highlight the need to understand the rates and mechanisms of autoxidation and other reactions in cooking oils in order to accurately predict the gas- and particle-phase emissions from food cooking in urban atmospheres.

The fourth chapter of Charaka samhita is related to fifty various groups. In each group, 10 herbs are included having common action. Deepaniya mahakashaya is pronounced for action related to digestive fire. Charaka Samhita's Deepniya Mahakashaya is a significant mahakashaya. Deepana translates as Agni stimulation (i.e Digestive fire). Due to people's inability to adhere to diet regulations due to sedentary lifestyles, the importance of this Mahakashaya has grown in day-to-day practise. which ultimately causes Agni's vitiation. Agni plays a vital role in maintaining health and balancing the equilibrium of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. So, to bring the function of Agni to normalcy, besides maintaining proper diet and regimen, Deepaniya drugs are advised. The purpose of this article is to further explain the concepts of Deepana, Raspanchaka (Rasa, Guna Virya, Vipaka and karma) of that particular drugs that are discussed in Charakokta Deepaniya Mahakshaya.

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Retrosynthetic scissoring of functional backbone in an ultra-robust MOF leads devising unique catassembler as a blueprint of molecular machine for advanced electrochemical OER and hydrogen-bond-donating catalysis.

India is one of the major producers of oilseed crops in the global oilseed market. Rapeseed-mustard is one of the seven edible oilseed crops grown in India, and it holds a unique place in the country’s agricultural economy and social structure. Of all the biotic and abiotic stresses that threaten mustard crop, white rust caused by an obligate biotrophic fungus Albugo candida is one of the most devastating. The experiments were conducted at Guru Kashi University, Talwandi sabo (Punjab) under the field and laboratory conditions to study the management of white rust during Rabi season 2018-2019. In the present study, Correlation analysis of disease intensity with weather factors indicated that maximum temperature (17.9-22.1°C) and minimum temperature (2.2-9.4°C), maximum relative humidity (85.4–92.6%), and total rainfall (mm) has significant positive correlation with disease intensity, while minimum relative humidity (45.0-63.7%) has a significant negative correlation. Temperature (min.) and Rainfall were found to have maximum positive correlation and significantly with disease intensity than other weather parameters. Hence, it means temperature (Min.) and rainfall increases the disease intensity of white rust of mustard.

This study reports the development of a novel ternary self-assembled γ-Fe2O3/N,Fe–TiO2@GO nanocomposite as a visible to near IR (NIR) active photocatalyst prepared by ultrasonic activation followed by hydrothermal treatment.