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Auf Basis von Real-Time Location Systemen (RTLS) können in Echtzeit Produktionsdaten digitalisiert, analysiert und dargestellt werden. Diese Daten und Informationen können dann im Rahmen von Lean Management Methoden verwendet werden, um Optimierungspotenziale von Produktionsprozessen aufzudecken und zu realisieren. Dieser Beitrag zeigt den Einsatz von RTLS mit einer Microsoft Excel-basierten Anwendung zur Prozessoptimierung in einem manuellen Produktionsumfeld und die damit verbundenen Vorteile.

A sensor setup with a small number of sensors, i.e., a sparse sensor setup, could enable a comprehensive unobtrusive motion analysis using inertial motion capture (IMC) with little obtrusion to the user, which is critical for clinical and sports applications, such as assessing disease, providing biofeedback in rehabilitation, or enhancing performance in sports. When sparse sensor setups were used, the motion analysis was either not comprehensive or physical correctness was not considered. Furthermore, the relationship between sensor setup and the resulting accuracy of spatiotemporal, kinematic, or kinetic variables has not been investigated systematically. Therefore, we investigated the accuracy of biomechanical gait reconstructions from different sparse inertial sensor setups, in which the number of sensors is reduced by not placing sensors on all body segments of interest. We created biomechanical reconstructions by solving optimal control problems with a sagittal plane musculoskeletal model. The resulting simulations tracked raw accelerometer and gyroscope data while minimizing muscular effort. We applied this approach to six different sparse sensor setups to investigate the reconstruction quality of spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables for each of these setups at three walking and three running speeds. We found that correlations between IMC and optical motion capture (OMC) were large for all sensor setups, but that those setups without a pelvis sensor led to a forward trunk lean that was too high, as well as unrealistic kinetics and kinematics. Spatiotemporal variable estimations generally also benefitted from a pelvis sensor, but not as much as the kinetic and kinematic estimations. We found that for setups including a pelvis sensor, there was no clear benefit for including additional sensors. While walking speed, step length, and joint kinematics generally benefited from using more sensors, the hip moment and knee moment did not. During running, the ankle moment and vertical ground reaction force were even estimated more accurately with smaller sensor setups. Therefore, we conclude that sagittal-plane reconstruction of walking and running kinetics and kinematics using sparse sensor setups can improve usability at the cost of only minor reductions in accuracy. When using a sparse sensor setup for gait reconstructions using optimal control, we advise to always include a pelvis sensor to achieve accurate results.

Background Many countries, such as Germany, struggle to vaccinate enough people against COVID-19 despite the availability of safe and efficient vaccines. With new variants emerging and the need for booster vaccinations, overcoming vaccination hesitancy gains importance. The research to date has revealed some promising, albeit contentious, interventions to increase vaccination intention. However, these have yet to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates. Methods & results We conducted a preregistered survey experiment with N = 1,324 participants in Germany in May/June 2021. This was followed by a series of emails reminding participants to get vaccinated in August and concluded with a follow-up survey in September. We experimentally assess whether debunking vaccination myths, highlighting the benefits of being vaccinated, or sending vaccination reminders decreases hesitancy. In the survey experiment, we find no increase in the intention to vaccinate regardless of the information provided. However, communicating vaccination benefits over several weeks reduced the likelihood of not being vaccinated by 9 percentage points, which translates into a 27% reduction compared to the control group. Debunking vaccination myths and reminders alone also decreased the likelihood, yet not significantly. Discussion Our findings suggest that if soft governmental interventions such as information campaigns are employed, highlighting benefits should be given preference over debunking vaccination myths. Furthermore, it seems that repeated messages affect vaccination action while one-time messages might be insufficient, even for increasing vaccination intentions. Our study highlights the importance of testing interventions outside of survey experiments that are limited to measuring vaccination intentions—not actions—and immediate changes in attitudes and intentions—not long-term changes.

Combined Smart Energy Systems (CoSES) microgrid lab at TU Munich has a large number of measured and calculated data points which need a robust tool to monitor and visualize. Furthermore, the tool should be simple to use among microgrid researchers from different fields of study. Based on these requirements, an IoT dashboard using open-source tools for experiment monitoring and visualization is developed for the CoSES microgrid lab. The solution uses InfluxDB 2.0 as a time-series database and Grafana for the visualizations. The dashboard can be easily customized and is both locally and remotely accessible from any modern browser. This enables the researcher to analyze the experiment data without detailed knowledge of the Power hardware-in-the-loop setup. A demonstrative experiment is conducted using one CoSES prosumer to verify the toolchain and the results are shown in the paper.

Zusammenfassung Die Frage nach Macht und Ohnmacht ist nicht nur von hoher Relevanz fur die Grundstruktur einer (therapeutischen) Gruppe, sondern sie reprasentiert ebenso die in der Gesellschaft als Ganzes vorherrschenden Konstellationen und Gefuhle. Da diese zu analysieren auch J.-P. Sartre im Ausgang seiner Existenzphilosophie und deren spater erfolgten marxistischen Modifikation unternahm, lohnt sich einmal mehr die Zusammenschau von Philosophie und Gruppenanalyse; denn uberraschenderweise gelangt Sartre zu mit der Gruppenanalyse (nach Foulkes) kompatiblen und affinen Ergebnissen.

Humans and robots are increasingly sharing theirworkspaces to benefit from the precision, endurance, andstrength of machines and the universal capabilities of humans.Instead of performing time-consuming real experiments, com-puter simulations of humans could help to optimally orchestratehuman and robotic tasks—either for setting up new productioncells or by optimizing the motion planning of already installedrobots. Especially when human-robot coexistence is optimizedusing machine learning, being able to synthesize a huge numberof human motions is indispensable. However, no solution existsthat automatically creates a range of human motions from ahigh-level specification of tasks. We propose a novel method thatautomatically generates human motions from linear temporallogic specifications and demonstrate our approach by numericalexamples.

Climate change is projected to increase the number of extreme weather events, which may lead to cascading impacts, feedbacks, and tipping points not only in the biophysical system but also in the social system. To better understand societal resilience in risky environments, we analyzed people’s attachment to place, their willingness to take risks, and how these change in response to extreme weather events. We conducted a survey with 624 respondents at the forefront of climate change in Asia: the river deltas in Bangladesh and Vietnam. Our findings confirm that most people prefer staying. Yet crucially, we find that (i) self-reported experiences of climate-related hazards are associated with increased risk aversion and place attachment, reinforcing people’s preferences to stay in hazardous environments; (ii) people with experiences of hazards are more likely aspiring to move to high-income destinations, arguably being beyond the reach of their capacities; and (iii) changes in aspirations to move abroad are connected to the changes in risk aversion and place attachment. The fact that preferences are associated with cumulative experiences of hazards and interact with aspirations to move to high-income destinations may contribute to our understanding of why so many people stay in hazardous environments.

Untreated periodontal disease may influence general health. However, how may a physician, who is not trained in periodontal probing, detect untreated periodontitis? Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in saliva correlates with periodontal probing parameters. Thus, sensitivity and specificity of a chair-side test for aMMP-8 to detect periodontitis were evaluated. Thirty cases [untreated chronic periodontitis (ChP); 15 generalized moderate and 15 generalized severe] and 30 controls [probing depths (PD) ≤3 mm, vertical probing attachment level (PAL-V) ≤2 mm at

Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO; EC 1.14.16.5) is the only enzyme known to cleave the O-alkyl ether bond of alkylglycerols in humans. It is an integral membrane protein with nine predicted transmembrane domains. We attempted to express and purify full-length and truncated forms of AGMO in Escherichia coli. Full-length AGMO could not be expressed in three different E. coli expression strains, three different expression vectors and several induction systems. We succeeded, however, in expression of three N-terminally strep-tagged truncated forms, named active sites 1, 2 and 3, with 205, 134 and 61 amino acids, respectively. Active site 1 fragment, containing two predicted transmembrane regions, a membrane associated region and all known amino acid residues important for catalytic activity, was not fully soluble even in 8 M urea. Active site 2 containing only one predicted membrane associated domain required 8 M urea for solubilisation and eluted in gel filtration in 1 M urea as a trimer. Active site 3 with no hydrophobic domain eluted in gel filtration in 1 M urea as monomer and dimer. These results show that even truncated forms of AGMO are barely soluble when expressed in E. coli and show a high tendency for aggregation.

Against the background of the rising importance of services in research and practice, this study systematically examines service-related publications over the last ten years to identify a set of the most relevant topics in services research. This enquiry involves pursuing two central research objectives. The first question is directed at analyzing the recent development in theoretical research activity in this field and its scope as well as identifying recurring research topics and research methods. The second objective is to investigate the global diffusion in services research. With these objectives, the study reviews 1,840 papers on topics specific to services marketing that were published between 2000 and 2009 in the 34 most relevant marketing journals, based on the VHB JOURQUAL 1 ranking from 2003 (VHB 2003). The findings of the first question report on recent developments in services marketing research since 2000, culminating in its current status as an established discipline within marketing research. The study identifies the most frequently covered research topics (i.e., ‘service quality’ and ‘service customer’) and shows that quantitative empirical research frameworks prevail within services marketing research. Focusing on the geographic development of services marketing research, it shows that services marketing research is not yet undertaken on a truly global scale; associated with the identification of geographic areas of concentration, it furthermore reveals a correlation between an author’s and editor’s geographic location of activity.

Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have, over the past years, developed to maturity and today are an integral part of the organic chemist's toolkit. They benefit from low costs, operational simplicity, and high reactivity and thus constitute the "green" sister of the palladium and nickel establishment. This timely Review traces back major achievements, discusses their mechanistic background, and highlights numerous applications to molecular synthesis.Iron-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions have matured to an indispensable class of reactions in organic synthesis. The advent of economically and ecologically attractive iron catalysts in the past years has stepped up the competition with the established palladium and nickel catalyst systems that have dominated the field for more than 30 years, but suffer from high costs, toxicity, and sometimes low reactivity. Iron-catalyzed protocols do not merely benefit from economic advantages but entertain a rich manifold of reactivity patterns and tolerate various functional groups. The past years have witnessed a rapid development with ever-more-efficient protocols for the cross-coupling between alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and acyl moieties becoming available to organic chemists. This Review intends to shed light onto the versatility that iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions offer, summarize major achievements, and clear the way for further use of such superior methodologies in the synthesis of fine chemicals, bioactive molecules, and materials.

In the past decade, the World Wide Web has been subject to dramatic changes. Web sites have evolved from static information resources to dynamic and interactive applications that are used for a broad scope of activities on a daily basis. To examine the consequences of these changes on user behavior, we conducted a long-term client-side Web usage study with twenty-five participants. This report presents results of this study and compares the user behavior with previous long-term browser usage studies, which range in age from seven to thirteen years. Based on the empirical data and the interview results, various implications for the interface design of browsers and Web sites are discussed. A major finding is the decreasing prominence of backtracking in Web navigation. This can largely be attributed to the increasing importance of dynamic, service-oriented Web sites. Users do not navigate on these sites searching for information, but rather interact with an online application to complete certain tasks. Furthermore, the usage of multiple windows and tabs has partly replaced back button usage, posing new challenges for user orientation and backtracking. We found that Web browsing is a rapid activity even for pages with substantial content, which calls for page designs that allow for cursory reading. Click maps provide additional information on how users interact with the Web on page level. Finally, substantial differences were observed between users, and characteristic usage patterns for different types of Web sites emphasize the need for more adaptive and customizable Web browsers.

The quantification of pharmacological parameters at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is indispensable in drug research but costly and time-consuming when conventional methods are sequentially applied. With neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y(1), Y(2), and Y(5) receptors as model systems, a homogenous flow cytometric method for the simultaneous determination of the affinity, selectivity, and activity of GPCR ligands was developed. Mixtures of cells expressing the receptors of interest and cyanine-labeled NPY as a universal fluorescent Y(1), Y(2), and Y(5) receptor agonist were used. Calcium mobilization was measured in different channels with the aid of fluo-4 and fura red. A combination of dye-loaded HEL-Y(1) and CHO-Y(2)-Galpha(qi5) cells with unloaded HEC-1B-Y(5) cells allowed the simultaneous determination of Y(1), Y(2), and Y(5) receptor selectivity preceded by the Y(1) and Y(2) receptor-mediated response with one and the same sample. The data are in good agreement with those determined by radioligand binding and spectrofluorimetry. The convenient, robust, and inexpensive multiparametric procedure offers a broad range of applications in the pharmacological characterization of GPCR ligands.

As part of a programme to develop fluorescence-based methods for the study of the interactions between G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands the preparation of low molecular weight fluorescence-labelled neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y(5) antagonists is reported. The naphthylsulfonyl group in the potent quinazoline-type NPY Y(5) receptor antagonist CGP 71683A was replaced with a dansyl, nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) or acridine-9-carbonyl group. In radioligand binding studies on human Y(5) receptor expressing HEC-1B cells the substances labelled with acridine (K(i) 311 nM) and NBD (K(i) > 1000 nM) proved to be moderately active or inactive, respectively. By contrast, a K(i) value of 49 nM was found for the dansyl analogue compared to 2 nM for CGP 71683A. No binding to Y(1) receptors (SK-N-MC cells, displacement of [(3)H]propionyl-NPY) was detected for the new compounds at concentrations

Continuous wavelet transforms arising from the quasiregular representation of a semidirect product group G = R k ⋊ H have been studied by various authors. Recently the attention has shifted from the irreducible case to include more general dilation groups H, for instance cyclic (more generally: discrete) or one-parameter groups. These groups do not give rise to irreducible square-integrable representations, yet it is possible (and quite simple) to give admissibility conditions for a large class of them. We put these results in a theoretical context by establishing a connection to the Plancherel theory of the semidirect products, and show how the admissibility conditions relate to abstract admissibility conditions which use Plancherel theory.

The aim of the study is to compare detection frequency of periodontal pathogens in patients with aggressive/severe chronic periodontitis using pooled plaque samples from the deepest pockets per quadrant/per sextant. In 100 patients with aggressive/chronic periodontitis, subgingival plaque was sampled from the deepest pockets per quadrant (MT4) and per sextant (MT6). Plaque samples were taken using two sterile paper points simultaneously. One paper point from each pocket was pooled with the three other paper points of the pockets (MT4). Subsequently, the remaining four paper points were pooled with two paper points from the deepest pockets from the two remaining sextants (MT6). The content of each vial was analyzed with nucleic-acid based methods for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Capnocytophaga sp. The detection frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans (MT4/MT6) at 22/24 %, T. forsythia at 93/96 %, P. gingivalis at 78/79 %, T. denticola at 88/90 %, P. intermedia at 40/46 %, P. micra at 75/79 %, F. nucleatum at both 99 %, C. rectus at 84/89 %, E. nodatum at 62/65 %, E. corrodens at 80/87 %, and Capnocytophaga sp. at 49/58 % was higher with MT6 than with MT4. None of these differences were statistically significant. The detection frequency of the investigated periopathogens was statistically insignificant higher with the sampling method MT6 compared with MT4. In daily dental practice, the plaque sampling of the deepest pockets per quadrant seems to be sufficient.

Die wichtigste Voraussetzung zur Aufhebung entfremdeter Produktions- und Lebensverhältnisse ist das Bewußtsein von der Einheit von Leib und Seele, von Gefühl und Begriff. Matthias Mayers Studie erinnert nicht nur an die Relevanz von Schellings Naturphilosophie für die neomarxistische Theoriebildung, insbesondere bei Ernst Bloch, sondern exponiert darüber hinaus auch deren kritisches Potential zur Analyse und Solution reifikatorischer Prozesse der Gegenwart, das heißt der Krise des Kapitalismus in seinem postmodernen Stadium: Das »Unbedingte« der Frühromantik wird zum Gegenbegriff der »Verdinglichung«.

The attainment of products conforming to demanded specifications requires appropriate manufacturing processes. The most widely adopted measure of process adequacy to hold the tolerances is the process capability. This characteristic value describes the relationship between measured variations of a product’s features turned out by the process and its assigned tolerances. The process capability has a great effect on the portion of rework and scrap. The network structure of a job shop production leads to complex interactions between the individual manufacturing processes and inspections. Therefore, the effects of process capability on the quality of products on one hand, and especially on manufacturing costs and lead times on the other hand are difficult to evaluate. Since an analytical approach is not possible, simulation is used to model manufacturing processes and inspections and to investigate the effects. To visualize the complex interactions between quality, manufacturing costs, and lead times quality-oriented operating curves have been developed and are presented in this paper. By means of these operating curves the production planning engineer can choose from among competing processes that one, which is most appropriate for meeting the global economic objectives of high quality, low manufacturing costs as well as low lead times.

Given a uniformly bounded representation of a locally compact group, we consider the closed circled convex hull K of the orbit of a vector. We call K a simple motion system (SMS) and endow its linear hull with the Minkowski functional of K. The representation theory on these ‘SMS-spaces’ is discussed, in particular for C0-representations, for irreducible representations of connected groups and for integrable representations. As an application we give a criterion for the decomposibility of representations.

The vanishing theorems of R. Howe and C. C. Moore are interpreted in a topological way. This yields a generalization of their results to connected locally compact totally minimal groups. The first section gives the complete classification of these groups and shows a lot of examples. It is proven that, among the connected groups, the totally minimal groups are exactly those groupsGwhose Fourier–Stieltjes algebras are uniformly dense in the C*-algebra of all weakly almost periodic functions WAP(G). This solves a problem which was intensely discussed by C. Chou. Furthermore it is shown that WAP(G) is generated as a C*-algebra by the continuous functions onG/Nwhich vanish at infinity, whereNranges over all closed normal subgroups.

Highly compliant elastomers with a shear storage modulus as low as 25 Pa are prepared using commercially available silicone, plasticizer, and tactile mutator silicone additive. They are used as matrix material for magneto-active elastomers (MAEs) with carbonyl iron contents between 0 and 85 wt %. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the storage modulus of MAEs based on two selected mixtures ranges between ∼100 Pa and ∼2000 Pa. Addition of a mutator to the matrix mixture results in a long post-cure period depending on the curing temperature and the initial mixture. In the presence of a magnetic field, the presented MAEs exhibit a strong magneto-induced change in storage modulus resulting in a colossal magnetorheological effect of >106 % which is ∼30 times higher than previously reported values. The results are of interest in applications using such elastomers as cell substrates with magnetically tunable rigidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39793.

Auf Basis des im vorangegangenen Kapitel II geschaffenen theoretischen Fundaments zum Forschungsgegenstand der Kundenerfahrung steht im Mittelpunkt von diesem Kapitel die eigentliche Konzeptualisierung der Entstehung von Kundenerfahrung. Dabei wird der nachfolgenden Konzeptualisierung des Entstehungsprozesses von Kundenerfahrung die Erfahrung eines Kunden mit einem Anbieter – so genannte Anbietererfahrungen – uber die gesamte Kundenbeziehung aus einer dynamische Prozessperspektive zugrunde gelegt.

Die inhaltliche Erschliesung des Konstrukts der (Kunden-)Erfahrung bedarf den Einbezug von Erkenntnisbeitragen aus angrenzenden Wissenschaftsbereichen in die Untersuchung, da in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre im Allgemeinen und im Marketing im Speziellen keine selbststandigen Theorien zum Forschungsgegenstand der Erfahrung existieren.

Im zunehmenden Wettbewerb um den Kunden bemuhen sich Unternehmen seit einigen Jahren verstarkt, durch eine konsequente Steigerung der Customer Experience bzw. des Kundenerlebnisses den Kundennutzen zu erhohen und sich so gegenuber dem Wettbewerb zu differenzieren (Carbone/Haeckel 1994; Berry et al. 2002; Haeckel et al. 2003; Schmitt/Mangold 2004; Shaw/Ivens 2005; Mascarenhas et al. 2006; Frow/Payne 2007; Meyer/Schwager 2007a; 2007b).

Im Zentrum des vorangegangenen Kapitels stand die theoretisch-konzeptionelle Auseinandersetzung mit dem Forschungsgegenstand der Kundenerfahrung. Dies umfasst die Konzeptualisierung des Kundenerfahrungsbegriffs (Forschungsfrage 2), eine Systematisierung von Kundenerfahrungen (Forschungsfrage 3) sowie die Konzeptualisierung der Entstehungsprozesse der Kundenerfahrung in Form eines theoretisch-konzeptionellen Hypothesenkatalogs (Forschungsfrage 4).

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Erforschung von Kundenerfahrung mit dem Schwerpunkt auf den der Erfahrungsbildung zugrunde liegenden Prozesse. Die aus Unternehmenssicht besonders relevante Fragestellung, die entsprechend Gegenstand der empirischen Untersuchung ist, bezieht sich darauf, unter welchen Umstanden aus Kundensicht eine positive Kundenerfahrung bzw. ein positives global-retrospektives Kundenerfahrungsurteil im Hinblick auf die zuruckliegende Beziehung mit einem Anbieter entsteht.

Erfahrung von Kunden ist in der Marketingforschung Gegenstand in vielerlei Hinsicht und wird dort teilweise aus deutlich unterschiedlichen thematischen Blickwinkeln betrachtet und diskutiert. Unabhangig vom konkreten Kontext, in dem die Erfahrung von Kunden einer wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung unterliegt, offenbart sich stets eine hohe Relevanz des Untersuchungsgegenstands der Kundenerfahrung.