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The stomatal characteristics in the leaves play a key role to adapt to several abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity. This study was conducted at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Eskişehir Osmangazi University in 2022 in order to examine the abaxial and adaxial stomatal properties of 9 safflower cultivars (Dinçer 5-18-1, Remzibey-05, Balcı, Yekta, Linas, Olas, Olein, Safir, and Zirkon) under salt stress (100 mM NaCl). The density, width, length, size, and index of the stomata were measured. The data was analyzed by a two-factor factorial in completely randomized design. The results showed that significant differences for all stomatal features of the safflower cultivars were determined. The stomata density changed with safflower cultivars between 143 and 57 number mm-2 and stomata size was observed as 510-698 µm2. The number of abaxial stomata was higher than the adaxial part of leaves and the stomatal density on the abaxial part of six safflower cultivars (Remzibey-05, Balcı, Yekta, Olas, Olein, and Safir) was decreased by salinity. In addition, abnormal stomata were observed in salt-affected cultivars of Dinçer 5-18-1, Remzibey-05, Yekta, Olein, and Zirkon. The stomata density mainly depended on genetic factors, suggesting that it should be used for separating safflower cultivars, but they declined considerably by salinity. It was concluded that stomatal properties should be considered to clarify the salt tolerance of safflower genotypes.

Climate-related catastrophes leave people in dire need of aid. A major obstacle in providing help to people is the lack of trust in the aid process. Charity organizations want to ensure that funds and materials reach the intended destinations. Blockchain technology injects trust into business transactions through impeccable record keeping and can alleviate the trust problems in aid delivery. Another major problem in disaster recovery is broken infrastructure (e.g., broken bridges and unavailable roads). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), generally referred to as drones, can address this access problem. In this paper, the authors design a system that uses drone technology for delivery of aid and blockchain technology for the assurance of such delivery. This system records and shares data on the interaction of various participants involved in a disaster aid delivery scenario. The simulation studies validate the applicability of this proposed system showing high throughput and satisfactory performance are attainable with integration of blockchain in large-scale aid delivery.

In this study, the cotyledon nodes of five safflower genotypes (Balcı, Linas, inbred lines 24, 25, and 55) were cultured for shoot regeneration via organogenesis in MS medium involving different TDZ (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1) and NAA (0, 0.2, and 0.5 mg L-1) doses. The highest rate of shoot forming calli was obtained from genotype 25 in all NAA and TDZ combinations, and there was no statistical difference between genotypes 24 and 25. The number of shoots per callus was found to be low in genotypes with a high rate of shoot forming calli. The maximum shoot number was obtained from the cultivar Linas on medium containing 1 mg L-1 TDZ, with 9.6 shoots/per callus and this value was followed by cultivar Balcı cultured at the same dose with 6.7 shoots/per callus. The rooting of safflower genotypes differed depending on the NAA content of the medium. Better rooting was achieved on medium with 2 mg L-1 NAA for Balcı, 1 mg L-1 NAA for Linas, and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA for genotypes 25 and 55. On the other hand, genotype 24 indicated rooting only on medium with 2 mg L-1 NAA, but it was very low. As a result; regeneration of safflower genotypes via callus-mediated organogenesis from cotyledonary explants was varied depending on TDZ and NAA doses, and many shoots were induced in Linas cultivar at 1 mg L-1 TDZ. However, the rooting of the regenerated shoots was quite low at different NAA doses.

Aim: Patients infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at a higher risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent advancement of antiviral therapy, many patients still cannot respond to existing therapies. Hence, to detect the changes in liver function earlier, non-invasive methods are needed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in essential biological process as well as human cancer. LncRNAs may be used as biomarkers in human diseases. Thus, in this study, we purposed to analyze the expression levels of lncRNAs (HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), maternally expressed 3 (MEG-3), highly upregulated in liver cancer(HULC)) in patients with hepatitis B virus and healthy volunteers. Methods: We selected three lncRNAs as candidate lncRNAs based on their association with liver disease.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 patients with HBV and 48 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of all the samples were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis was implemented using GraphPad Prism software. A p-value lower than 0.05 was statistically meaningful. Results: The expression levels of HOTAIR and HULC were remarkably upregulated in the plasma of the patients with HBV compared with healthy control (p Conclusion: Our findings showed that the expression of HOTAIR and HULC in plasma might be new promisingdiagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for HBV.

Intravesical ectopic pregnancy is a very rare condition. Unlike traditional ectopic pregnancies, patients generally present with hematuria. Our case presented with abdominal pain and urinary bleeding. Abdominal tenderness was observed on physical examination. The ß-HCG was measured as 10033 IU / ml. In ultrasonography, an appearance compatible with a vesicouterine fistula tract and an ectopic gestational sac in the bladder were observed. In cystoscopy, a mass compatible with a fistula tract ostium and ectopic gestational sac was observed at the junction of the right side of the bladder and the posterior wall. The observed structure was resected and cauterized to achieve hemostasis. No complications were observed during the follow-up, and the patient was discharged. Ectopic pregnancy should be one of the differential diagnoses of patients with a history of pelvic surgery who present with complaints of menstrual delay and hematuria. Keywords: vesical pregnancy, vesicouterine fistula, hematuria

To investigate the serum versus insulin-like peptide-6 (INSL-6) levels in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and normospermia.Descriptive study.Department of Urology, Balikligol State Hospital and Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey, between July and October 2020.The serum and seminal levels of INSL-6 were measured in men with NOA, and normospermia using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Age, body mass index (BMI), hormone profile, testicular volumes and seminal and serum INSL-6 levels were compared between the study groups.In total, 80 men were included in the study, 40 of whom have NOA and 40 have normospermia. No significant difference was found in the mean age and BMI between the groups (p0.05). Seminal INSL-6 levels were higher in the normospermia group, although serum and seminal INSL-6 levels were not significantly different in this group (p0.05). No significant correlation was observed between serum INSL-6 levels and age, BMI,testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and varicocele presence (p0.05). No significant association was found between seminal INSL-6 levels and age, BMI, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels (p0.05). However, a significant negative association observed between seminal INSL-6 levels and testicular volume (p0.05).The seminal INSL-6 levels were approximately 5.5 times higher than the serum INSL-6 levels and survival level of INSL-6 were higher in the normospermia. This suggests that INSL-6 plays an active role in the male reproductive system. However, the mechanism and extent of this effect remain to be elucidated.Infertility, Non-obstructive azoospermia, Insulin-like peptide-6.

We aimed to observe the possible effects of melatonin (MLT) deprivation (pinealectomy) and exogenous MLT administration on pulmonary edema induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU), a toxic chemical agent, in rats. Seventy animals were assigned to seven groups: control, sham pinealectomy (PINX), PINX, ANTU (10 mg/kg intraperitoneal on day 30), ANTU + MLT (10 mg/kg/day i.p. for 30 days), ANTU + PINX, and ANTU + PINX + MLT.In this study, pleural effusion (PE) formation, lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) and PE/BW ratios (fluid accumulation and weight values in the lungs) increase detected. Pre-ANTU MLT administration led to significant decreases in PE, LW/BW, and PE/BW levels. The inhibited glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and high malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that ANTU increase lipid peroxidation in the study. MLT administration eliminated oxidative stress by reducing MDA and ameliorating GSH and SOD levels.Pre-ANTU MLT administration led to a significant decrease in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the lung when compared to the ANTU group without MLT administration. Post-pinealectomy ANTU administration significantly increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels when compared to ANTU and MLT administration without pinealectomy. Diffused inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial pulmonary edema, and histopathological congestion were observed after the administration of ANTU. Severity of the damage was elevated in the ANTU + PINX group. MLT treatment regressed pulmonary effusion and edema and improves lung structure. In brief, the findings suggested that MLT inhibited proinflammatory mediators and could serve as a therapeutic agent to prevent inflammatory disorders.

In this study, we focused on overcoming germination inability in wild castor bean by treatment with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3). The caruncle of mature seeds of wild castor bean, collected from natural habitats in Türkiye, were removed at the seed tip. Seeds with or without caruncle were immersed in GA3 and KNO3 at concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated. Removing the caruncle from the seeds significantly improved germination (from 14.7 to 73.5%) and seedling growth characteristics. Application of KNO3 to the seeds without caruncle shortened mean germination time. GA3 promoted root elongation, but shoot growth was induced by KNO3. Hydration had a stimulative effect on seedling fresh weight and dry matter, while the highest vigour index was identified in seeds primed with GA3. The beneficial effects of KNO3 and GA3 were maximal when treated with 500 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively, while higher germination and better seedling growth were obtained from hydration compared to KNO3. It is suggested that the presence of the caruncle restricts germination and 1000 ppm GA3 acts as a germination promotor in wild castor bean seeds.

Cooling systems are one of the essential systems for internal combustion engines. They prevent damage to engine parts and extend the engine’s life by removing the high heat generated by the combustion from the engine. These systems vary depending on the engine’s volume, combustion pressure, coolant flow, and types and may differ in light commercial and heavy commercial vehicles. These differences are generally observed in the water pump used, type of refrigerant, filter systems, and pump control mechanisms. The most apparent differences are in the water pump and filter systems. Light commercial vehicles do not have a filtration system, while most of the heavy commercial vehicles have a filtration system. There are many studies in the literature focusing on the performance and durability of the filter systems.In this study, the necessity of the filter system in the cooling systems of heavy commercial vehicles, system filtration performance, and whether it is possible to work without a filter were investigated. A water pump performance test setup was used to simulate the real engine condition. The test was performed at 110°C coolant temperature, 1 barg input pressure, and with 53.195gr contamination. Results of the study showed that removing the filter from the coolant system after the first service shortens the life of the water pump.

This qualitative study investigates the awareness of preschool teachers regarding the importance of mathematics education. The study also examines their knowledge and perspectives on an effective early years math curriculum and pedagogy using a qualitative case study approach. The study sample included 27 teachers at preschools located in the southeast region of Turkey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the required data. The interviews were audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed into full text in Turkish, with selected quotes being translated into English. The collated data were analyzed using an emergent coding approach. The teachers believed that providing a solid mathematical foundation in early childhood increases students’ engagement in future mathematics courses. However, in the absence of a formal early years mathematics curriculum, the findings indicate that early years teachers require pedagogical knowledge and a relevant curriculum to teach young children mathematics. This is necessary for the development of children's mathematical thinking and to broaden children’s understanding as to how they can improve their strategies for using math knowledge to solve problems.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada perkütan nefrostominin üroloji pratiğindeki önemini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2014 ile Ocak 2021 yılları arasında üroloji kliniğinde perkütan nefrostomi takılan hastaların kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Pyonefroz ve/veya böbrek fonksiyon testi yüksekliği tespit edilen ve acil şartlarda ürologlar tarafından perkütan nefrostomi takılan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların yaşları, hastaneye başvuru nedenleri, hidronefroz derecesi, primer patolojileri, işlem sonrası komplikasyonlar ve işlem sonrası yapılan elektif tedavileri değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 164 hastanın 98’i erkek ve 66’sı kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 47,45 (18-90) yıl idi. Hastaların 120’sine tek taraflı, 44’üne ise bilateral olmak üzere toplam 208 renal üniteye perkütan nefrostomi katateri takıldı. 208 renal ünitenin 192’sinde (%95,2) perkütan nefrostomi başarılı bir şekilde takılırken, 10 (%4,8) renal ünitede işlem başarısız oldu ve ek girişim gerekti. Hastaların %40,2’sine onkolojik nedenlerden, %59,8’ine ise onkolojik dışı nedenlerden perkütan nefrostomi kateteri takıldı. İşlem sonrası minör komplikasyonlardan en sık görüleni transfüzyon gerektirmeyen geçici hematüri (%3,2) olup, ateş (%2,4), işlem sonrası devam eden ağrı (%1,6), kateter tıkanması (%0,8) ve geçici idrar sızıntısı (%0,8) diğer minör komplikasyonlardı. Majör komplikasyonlardan ise en sık görüleni ise nefrostominin yerinden çıkması (%3,2) idi.Sonuç: Perkütan nefrostomi obstrüktif üropati, pyonefroz tedavisi ve üriner diversiyon amacıyla uygulanan, yüksek başarı oranına sahip, etkili ve güvenli bir yöntemdir. Son zamanlarda girişimsel radyologlar tarafından daha fazla uygulanıyor olsa da ürologlar tarafından da başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabilmektedir., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of percutaneous nephrostomy in urology practice.Material and Methods: Records of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy at the urology clinic between January 2014 and January 2021 were retrospectively examined. Patients with pyonephrosis and/or renal function elevation who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy by urologists in emergency conditions were included in the study. Age, reasons for hospital admission, the degree of hydronephrosis, primary pathologies, postoperative complications, and postoperative elective treatments were evaluated.Results: Of the 164 patients included in the study, 98 were male and 66 were female. The mean age of the patients was 47.45 (18-90) years. Percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was inserted into a total of 208 renal units, 120 of which were unilateral and 44 of which were bilateral. Percutaneous nephrostomy was successfully inserted in 192 (95.2%) of 208 renal units, while the procedure failed in 10 (4.8%) renal units and additional intervention was required. Percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was inserted in 40.2% of patients for oncological reasons and 59.8% for non-oncological reasons. The most common minor complications after the procedure were transient hematuria not requiring transfusion (3.2%), fever (2.4%), ongoing pain after the procedure (1.6%), catheter obstruction (0.8%), and temporary urine leakage (0.8%). The most common major complication was nephrostomy dislodgement (3.2%).Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrostomy is an effective and safe method with a high success rate that can be applied for obstructive uropathy and pyonephrosis treatment and urinary diversion. Although the procedure is performed mostly by interventional radiologists, it can also be performed successfully by urologists.

Consistent data from several studies have shown that catheter ablation of frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) results in substantial improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular diastolic function, and left atrial volume and mechanics. However, the effects of catheter ablation of PVCs on atrial electromechanical properties have not been documented yet.In the present study, we investigated the short-term effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of outflow tract PVCs on atrial electromechanical delay (EMD).A total of 71 subjects with idiopathic outflow tract PVCs who underwent RFCA were included. Interatrial and intra-atrial EMDs were measured by tissue Doppler imaging before and 3 months after catheter ablation.The study population was divided into normal ejection fraction (EF) and low-EF subgroups according to their LVEF. In all study groups, substantial improvement was found in lateral electromechanical coupling time (PA), septal PA, right ventricular PA, interatrial EMD, left-sided intra-atrial EMD, and right-sided intra-atrial EMD. No treatment heterogeneity was observed when comparing low-EF and normal-EF subgroups with respect to atrial EMDs (interatrial EMD, interaction p = .29; left-sided intra-atrial EMD, interaction p = .13; right-sided intra-atrial EMD, interaction p = .88).RFCA of outflow tract PVC has a favorable early effect on intra- and inter-atrial EMDs irrespective of preprocedural LVEF.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the results of antegrade JJ stent placement in upper urinary tract obstruction in patients where retrograde placement was not possible. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent antegrade JJ stent placement for malignant ureteral obstruction in the urology clinic of a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. JJ stent was placed under local or general anaesthesia guided by ultrasonography and fluoroscopy. Age, gender, kidney function values, pathologies causing obstruction, and complications of the patients were examined. Results: In this study, 40 patients (16 men, 24 women) who underwent antegrade JJ stent placement were included. The mean ages of the women and men included were 51 (31-91) years and 62.5 (26-81) years, respectively. In all, antegrade JJ stenting was performed in 61 renal units of these patients. Of these, 21 were bilateral, 11 in the right collecting system and 8 in the left collecting systems. Clinical and technical success was achieved in 59 of the 61 procedures (96.6%). Arteriovenous fistula developed in only one patient, whereas no serious complications such as massive bleeding, resistant hematuria or pseudoaneurysm occurred in the remaining patients. The procedure was completed in a mean time of 15-30 minutes. Conclusions: Antegrade JJ stent placement is a procedure with a high success rate and low risk of complications that can be used in patients with severe ureteral obstruction owing to malignant or benign aetiologies. This method should be applied in centres experienced in malignant ureteral obstruction and on patients where retrograde placement was not possible. Furthermore, it should be considered as an alternative treatment option to open surgery as it can be performed under local anaesthesia in patients at a high risk of anaesthesia.

Sugar beet is an important agricultural and industrial crop that contributes to Turkey’s economy. It is not only the source of sugar production in our country but also become an important sector with seed production. The seeds are one of the most important issues directly affecting the root yield and quality of sugar beet. There are a lot of registered sugar beet varieties and sufficient seed production in Turkey. According to the data in 2020 year, the seeds of sugar beet varieties were produced with a sowing area of 11.891 decare, seed production was 2.317 tons and 198 kg/da in seed yield. The seed amount is completely belonging to the seed companies operating in the private sector. Besides, 413 tons of sugar beet seeds were imported and 11.312 million dollars was paid, while 143 tons of seeds were exported and 1.584 million dollars income was obtained in 2020. The sugar beet plant produces leaves above the ground and root in the first year, and grows the stem, branch, flower and seeds in the second year. Therefore, seed production needs a long time and intensive labor requirement. In order to shorten this two-year period in seed production of sugar beet, firstly seedlings belonging to male and female lines of a hybrid variety are grown and then, the seed production is performed by transplanting these seedlings. In this review, commercial hybrid seed production of sugar beet is explanied in detail.

Aim: In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the opinions of students studying at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine about the current state of anatomy practical education. Material and Method: A total of 64 students, 36 men and 28 women, were included in the study. In this cross-sectional, descriptive type study, students’ views on anatomy education were determined using a voluntary survey method. In the content of the survey, there were questions that questioned the demographic characteristics of the students, their thoughts about the practical education of anatomy they received, and questions that determined their ideas about the provision of models. In the answer to other questions, a likert-type scale of 5 was used consisting of the options “always”, “mostly”, “often”, “occasionally”, “never”. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 package program. Results: The average age of 64 students participating in the study was 20.98± 1.10. Of these students, 33(51.6%) were in semester II and 31(48.4%) were in semester III. Students reported that the practical training in anatomy they received was moderate, that the model and cadaver should be used together in lessons, that training on the model was very effective in learning anatomy. In the results, it was observed that the variety of models available in our laboratory was sufficient, but due to the presence of classes, the number of models was not sufficient, it would be better to drop one model for every 1-5 people on the average. Conclusion: Students were moderately satisfied with the learning practices within the scope of the anatomy practical course. With the support of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project no:2020/3-28A), thanks to the newly provided models, the reinforce laboratory allows students to better understand the lesson and learn the subjects they are having difficulty with.

This study was designed to compare the outcomes of mini-percutaneous cystolithotomy (mPCL) and transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) in treating bladder stones in preschool-aged children (≤6 years old).Twenty-four patients treated with mPCL and 28 patients treated with TUCL for bladder stones were compared retrospectively. The operative and postoperative outcomes of both groups were analyzed.The mean age and gender distribution were similar between the groups. The mean stone size was 16.5 ± 0.5 mm for the mPCL group and 14.9 ± 5.7 mm for the TUCL group (p = 0.318). The mean operative time was 41.1 ± 9.9 min for the mPCL group and 39.0 ± 12.3 min for the TUCL group (p = 0.182). Catheterization times and hospitalization times were statistically significantly longer in the mPCL group (p = 0.000). The rate of urinary retention after urethral catheter removal was significantly higher in the TUCL group (p0.05). Reintervention was performed for one patient in Group 1 due to urinary leakage and for five patients in Group 2 due to urinary retention. The stone-free rate (SFR) after a single procedure was 100% in the mPCL group and 89.3% in the TUCL group (p = 0.099). After auxiliary procedures performed for three patients, the overall SFR also reached 100% for the TUCL group.Both mPCL and TUCL are effective methods in the treatment of bladder stones of30 mm in the preschool age group. Although TUCL has some advantages over mPCL, such as shorter hospital stays and catheterization times, there is a risk of urinary retention with increased stone sizes. It may be more advantageous to apply mPCL for the reduction of complications and reintervention rates, especially in small children with bladder stones of20 mm.

Introduction: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, which occur in the absence of structural heart disease, are commonly originating from the outflow tract, and 80% of the them arise from the right ventricle. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which originates from the splanchnopleuric mesoderm, has been shown to be an important source of inflammatory mediators and plays an important role in cardiac autonomic function by epicardial ganglionated plexuses. EAT may potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia by different mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT thickness and RVOT tachycardia. Methods: This study included 55 patients (32 male, 23 female) with RVOT tachycardia and 60 control subjects (38 male, 22 female). Patients who had more than three consecutive ventricular beats over 100 bpm with specific morphological features on the electrocardiogram (ECG) were diagnosed with RVOT tachycardia. EAT thickness was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Results: EAT thickness was significantly higher in the RVOT tachycardia group (p Conclusion: Patients who were diagnosed with RVOT tachycardia had increased EAT thickness compared to normal subjects. The underlying mechanism of the condition could be mechanical, metabolic, infiltrative, or autonomic effects of the EAT.

The diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies in the urogenital system are difficult and it’s rare in children; It may also cause secondary injuries. In this article, we present a 14-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency outpatient clinic with complaints of difficulty in voiding and dysuria. He was diagnosed with a pin in the urethra and treated using an endoscopic method. He was hospitalised for foreign body removal after he admitted in his anamnesis about insertion a pin into his urethra the day before his complaints started. A pin was seen in the urethra on the urethrocystoscopy, and was successfully removed. Since foreign body in the urogenital system is rare in children, it is necessary to suspect, in order to make the diagnosis. In most cases, endoscopic intervention is sufficient. Psychiatric consultation should be requested for the patients, especially for pediatrics.

Elektrodepolama yöntemi, metal, alaşım veya kompozit kaplamaların elde edilmesinde önemli bir tekniktir.Elektrodepolamayöntemi ile elde edilen Ni-Cr alaşımlı kaplamalar özellikle korozif ortamlarda tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma,elektrodepolamayöntemi ile Ni-Cr alaşım kaplama elde edilmesi ve deneysel tasarım yöntemlerinden biri olan Taguchi yöntemi kullanılarak optimizasyon parametrelerinin belirlenmesi ile ilgilidir.Elektrodepolamayönteminde parametre fazlalığı nedeniyle deneysel parametreleri belirlemek için bu yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Bu amaçla Taguchi L9 ortogonal dizisi seçilmiştir. Parametre olarak; pH, sıcaklık, akım yoğunluğu ve karıştırma hızının üç farklı seviyesi kullanılmıştır. Korozif ortamlarda Ni-Cr kaplamalar tercih edildiğinden, kaplamayı etkileyen faktörlerin tafel ekstrapolasyon yöntemi ile elde edilen korozyon sonuçlarına etkisi sinyal-gürültü oranı, ortalama etkiler ve varyans analizi ile incelenmiştir. Tafel ekstrapolasyon yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen eğrilerin korozyon oranları (mm/yıl) belirlenmiştir. Deneyler arasında en iyi sonucu pH 2.5, sıcaklık 40 °C, akım yoğunluğu 200 mA/cm2 ve numunenin karıştırılmaması vermiştir. Ayrıca akım yoğunluğunun Ni-Cr korozyon sonuçları üzerinde baskın etkilere sahip olduğu bilimsel ve istatistiksel çalışmalarla doğrulanmıştır.

Fârâbî ve İbn Sînâ’nın Aristotelesçi akıl görüşü üzerine inşa ettikleri sudûr teorisinin metafiziksel anlamda birlik ve çokluk ilişkisini açıklamasının bir yönü de varlık anlamının ve hareketin aşağıdaki mevcutlara aktarılmasını tutarlı bir şekilde belirginliğe ulaştırmasıdır. Varlık anlamının aktarılması ve hareketin sürekli olması için mufarık akıllar düşünülürken, hareketin aşağıdakilere ulaştırılması için felek denilen göksel kürevi varlıklar sisteme eklenmiştir. Batlamyus ile kesinlik kazanan feleklerin sayısı, Fârâbî tarafından aynen takip edilirken İbn Sînâ bu konuda kesin bir sayı vermemektedir. Sistemi bir akılla başlatıp yine bir akılla bitiren İbn Sînâ, bunların sayısı hakkında ise birtakım ilkeler tespit eder. Feleklerin sayısıyla irtibatlı olarak ilk aklın birinci semanın faili olması konusunda da sonraki müelliflerden Nasiruddin Tusi’ye göre iki filozof arasında ciddi bir fark söz konusudur. Bu makalenin konusu, iki kurucu filozofun kozmoloji söz konusu olduğunda feleklerin sayısında olduğu gibi benimsedikleri farklı görüşlerdir. Farklı görüşleri belirginleştirilirken filozofların özellikle metafizik bağlamında fikirleri ele alınmıştır. Matematiksel astronomi ve benzeri yaklaşımlar makalenin konusu dışında bırakılmıştır

Konut kavramı insanoğlunun en temel gereksinimlerinden birisi olan barınma hakkını temsil etmesi sebebiyle çok eski çağlardan beri önemli bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde ise eski çağlara kıyasla konut edinim şekillerinde değişiklikler olmasına rağmen konut ve konutla ilgili sorunlar güncelliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Gelir dağılımı kavramı geçmişten günümüze kadar önemi her geçen gün artan bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkelerin gelir dağılımı konusuna atfettiği önem özellikle iktisadi doktrinlerin gelişmesine paralel olarak artmaya başlamıştır. Gelirin nasıl paylaştırılması gerektiğine yönelik birçok bilimsel çalışma yapılmış ve bunlara ek olarak gelir eşitsizliklerinin ölçüm ve analizlerinde kullanılan birçok yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Literatürde gelir dağılımı ve konut kavramlarıyla ilgili ayrı ayrı birçok bilimsel çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak iki kavramın birbiriyle ilişkisini ele alan çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Gelir dağılımı ve kamu konut politikaları ilişkisi bu çalışmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak gelir dağılımı ve konut kavramlarının literatürdeki yeri ele alınmaktadır. Sonrasında ise gelir dağılımı ve kamu konut politikaları ilişkisini test edecek ampirik bir çalışma ile elde edilen bulguların analiz ve yorumu yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak TOKİ konutlarında oturan vatandaşların görüşleri doğrultusunda gelir dağılımı ve konut politikaları konularının birbiriyle bazı değişkenler açısından olumlu bazı değişkenler açısından ise olumsuz ilişkisinin olduğu elde edilen bulgular ve yapılan analizler neticesinde ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Amaç: Acil serviste oftalmoloji konsültasyonlarının aciliyetini ve oftalmik patolojinin varlığını değerlendirmek. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda hafta sonu fenomeninin, acil oftalmolojik konsültasyon taleplerini etkileyip etkilemediğini belirlemeyi amaçladı.Materyal ve Metot: Türkiye'de bir üçüncü basamak hastanenin akademik acil servisini Ocak-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında ziyaret eden hastalar için acil hekimi tarafından talep edilen oftalmoloji konsültasyonları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Konsültasyon talepleri olası acil, acil olması muhtemel olmayan ve belirsiz olarak gruplandırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya uygun toplam 256 hasta dahil edildi. Acil oftalmolojik konsültasyonların ilk üç nedeni künt travma (% 29,7), yabancı cisim (% 24,2) ve konjonktivit (% 13,3) idi. Hastaların % 70,3'ü olası acil, % 18,4'ü acil olması muhtemel olmayan ve % 11,3'ü belirsiz olarak kategorize edildi. Hafta sonları ve mesai saatleri dışında acil olması muhtemel olmayan olan tanılarla konsültasyon isteme sıklığı, hafta içi ve mesai saatlerine göre daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p=0.032, p=0.029). Olası acil konsültasyonların çoğunda oftalmik patoloji vardı (p =0.001).Sonuç: Travmatik yaralanmalar acil serviste oftalmoloji konsültasyonunun en sık nedenidir. Hastaların yaklaşık beşte biri acil olması muhtemel olmayanlardır. Olası acil kategorideki hastalarda erken oftalmoloji değerlendirmesi gereklidir. Hafta sonu etkisi, oftalmoloji konsültasyonlarını etkilememektedir. Göz acil servislerinin kurulması veya bir göz doktorunun bulunması özel uygulama becerisi gerektiren bu hastaların acil tanı ve tedavisinde büyük öneme sahiptir., Aim: To evaluate the urgency of ophthalmology consultations in the emergency department (ED) and the presence of ophthalmic pathology. This study also aimed to determine whether the weekend phenomenon affected emergency ophthalmologic consultation requests.Materials and Methods: Ophthalmology consultations requested by the emergency physician for patients who visited the academic ED of a tertiary care hospital in Turkey from January to December 2019 were retrospectively investigated. Consultation requests were grouped as possible emergent, unlikely to be emergent, and undetermined. Results: A total of 256 eligible patients were included in the study. The top three reasons for emergency ophthalmologic consultations were blunt trauma (29.7%), foreign body (24.2%), and conjunctivitis (13.3%). 70.3% of the patients were categorized as a possible emergent, 18.4% as unlikely to be emergent, and 11.3% undetermined. The frequency of consultation requests with diagnoses that are unlikely to be emergent at weekends and out of working hours was lower than during weekdays and working hours (p = 0.032, p = 0.029, respectively). Most of the possible emergent consultations had ophthalmic pathology (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Traumatic injuries are the most common cause of ophthalmology consultation in the ED. Approximately one-fifth of patients are unlikely to be emergent. Early ophthalmology evaluation is required in possible emergent category patients. The weekend effect does not influence ophthalmology consultations. Establishing eye emergency services or having an available ophthalmologist is crucial in the emergency diagnosis and treatment of patients who require special practice skills.

Amaç: Dünyada ve ülkemizde lisansüstü eğitimin tamamlanmasında tez yazımı zorunlu bir durumdur. Tez yazımı aynı zamanda kişiye bilimsel araştırma basamağı olarak büyük bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’deki tıp fakültesi anatomi anabilim dallarında yapılan yüksek lisans tezlerinin çalışma konularının zaman içerisindeki değişimlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veriler Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi’ne kayıtlı, 1988-2021 yılları arasında yayınlanmış 557 tezin incelenmesiyle retrospektif olarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tezlerde yazarın cinsiyeti, tezin yayınlandığı yıl, tez danışmanın akademik unvanı ve tezin çalışıldığı araştırma konusu incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 557 yüksek lisans tezi incelenmiş olup bu tezlerin %4,8’i 2000 yılı ve öncesi, %17,8’i 2001-2010 yılları arasında, %77,4’ü 2011-2021 yılları arasında yayınlandığı belirlenmiştir. Tezlerde çalışılan konuların %39,3’ü radyolojik çalışma, %20,3’ü antropometrik çalışma, %19,4’ü kadavra çalışması, %14,9’u hayvan deneyi modelleri, %2,7’si klinik çalışma, %1,8’i anket çalışması, %0,9’u radyolojik-antropometrik çalışma, %0,4’ü hücresel çalışma, %0,2’si anatomi tarihçesi ve %0,2’si anatomi terminolojisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2010 yılı ve öncesi en çok kadavra çalışmaları tercih edilirken 2011 yılı ve sonrası radyolojik çalışmaların daha çok yapıldığı gözlenmiştir (p=0,001). Sonuç: Teknolojinin gelişimine paralel olarak birçok bilim dalı da kendi içerisinde gelişmekte ve güncel çalışmalara fırsat oluşturmaktadır. Anatomi Anabilim Dalı da teknolojik gelişimlere uyum sağlamış ve çalışmamızın bir sonucu olarak tez konularının kadavra çalışmalarından radyolojik çalışmalara evrilmesi bu durumu kanıtlar niteliktedir. Bununla birlikte deneysel hayvan modelleri ve hücresel araştırmaların da oldukça artmış olduğu görülmüştür. Anatomik oluşumların hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilerek gelişmesi morfoloji bilimine de oldukça katkı sağlamıştır.

The study of the biological, social, and environmental forces that influence the way individuals think, behave, and learn is what is called psychology. This last point has been the focus of discussions in the field of special education aimed at helping teachers close the achievement gapsthat exist among student groups. To find the answer to this question, we will need to explore educational psychology, which is the application of psychological principles to the field of special education. Some of the most important developments in special education, such as the reintegration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms, have been made possible as a direct result of studies in educational psychology. Educational psychologists can guide teaching procedures and help achieve better academic outcomes for students regardless of their skills, resources, or environment. This is because educational psychologists understand how individuals receive and remember information. This is extremely important for students with disabilities as they face a wide range of developmental disabilities of varying degrees. Aristotle and Plato are considered the founders of educational psychology; however, psychologists like Jean Piaget are credited with laying the groundwork for one of the most fundamental principles of educational psychology, which states that knowledge cannot be transferred from one person to another. Teachers can provide material in an interesting and appropriate way, but it is the student's responsibility to learn and remember the information presented. Constructivist learning theory, which states that students can only learn by building on existing knowledge, is based on the premise that this is the only way for students to acquire new knowledge. Another important tenet of constructivist theory is the concept of cooperative learning, which expresses the idea that if students are allowed to work with these challenges in groups, students will have an easier time solving the challenges and understanding the material . This is the case even though cognitive learning theory is one of the theories that shape how lessons are taught.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection transmitted by oral ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs. Hydatid cyst of the genital tract is rare and the occurrence in the uterus is an extreme rarity. We present an 8-yr-old girl with complaints of swelling of lower abdomen, pollakiuria and bilateral flank pain was brought to Emergency Department of Harran University, Turkey, in Jun 2019. The patient had simultaneous hydatid cysts of the liver, mesentery and uterus. We performed abdominal exploration and completely removed the inner germinal layer of cyst through an incision made in the anterior of the uterine fundus. Then, we applied total excision to the two cysts in the right and left colon mesentery. Finally, we performed partial cystectomy to the cyst in the liver, and we removed the cyst membrane totally. In endemic regions, hydatid cysts should be considered for the diagnosis of children with cystic mass lesions. Uterine-sparing approach should be kept in mind as an option, especially in young women. Early surgical treatment of large pelvic cysts that cause obstructive uropathy may prevent the progression of renal damage.

The basic objective of the dairy goat farmers is to produce healthy and fertile animals at appropriate age, with maximum genetic expression and long productive duration. Longevity is an important economical parameter in the breeding program of the dairy goats. There are various factors which directly influence the production and longevity of the newborns such as age at birth, season, herds flock and breed. The present study aimed to study the effect of the parity and the production year on the kids’ longevity in Saanen dairy goats. The 5 year data (2012 to 2016) of total 222 Saanen female goats collected from the Uludag university experimental farm. The effect of parity on the kids’ longevity was found non-significant (P>0.05). Non-significant (P>0.05) difference was observed while comparing the data of kids from primiparous and multiparous within the production year. However, a significant (P0.05) difference was found in the kids born over the evaluated years. The present study did not investigate the voluntary and involuntary culling reasons and the management practices at the farm are more standardized than a normal commercial farm. Hence, further research is required at the commercial farms having large number of the animals and herds in order to use the parity and longevity in the present genetic evaluation programs.

Bu çalışmada, muhasebe derslerindeki öğretme ve öğrenme sorunlarını etkileyen faktörlerin ve bunlara dönük çözüm önerilerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçlara ulaşabilmek için Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi’nde muhasebe dersi veren öğretim elemanları üzerinde nitel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, 11 öğretim elemanına 16 sorudan oluşan soru seti yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, en önemli öğrenme sorunlarının öğrencilerin derse olan ilgisizliği, dersin birbiriyle ilgili konulardan oluşması, dersin lisans öncesinde görülmemiş olması, bölümle ilgili olmayan alanlara yönelme, üst sınıfların ders hakkındaki olumsuz telkinleri ve başarısız olunacağı ön yargısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En önemli öğretme sorunlarının ise öğrencilerin düzenli olarak derslerine çalışmamaları, öğretim elemanları tarafından öğretim teknolojilerinin aktif kullanılmaması, öğrencilerin genelinin kariyer planlaması konusunda bilgilerinin ve dolayısıyla bölümle ilgili hedeflerinin olmamalarıdır. Öğrenme/öğretme sorunlarının çözüm önerileri içinde öğrencilerin derse olan ilgi düzeylerinin artırılması, öğrencilere bu mesleğe olan ihtiyacın vurgulanması, bu mesleğin kariyer basamakları anlatılarak öğrencilerin bölümle ilgili hedef belirlemelerinin sağlanması, derslerde örneklere ve sorulara daha çok yer verilmesi, ders anlatımlarında teknolojik araçlardan yararlanılması, teorik bilginin yanında uygulamanın da olması gibi öneriler yer almaktadır.

Objective: In this article, we aimed to share our experience with superselective vesical and prostatic artery embolization applied by transarterial microcatheter method as a treatment option for recurrent resistant hematuria due to bladder and prostate cancer in elderly and comorbid patients.Material and Methods: Bilateral transarterial microcatheter method was used for superselective vesical or prostatic artery embolization in 10 patients whose follow-up treatment was continued in our clinic with macroscopic hematuria due to bladder and prostate cancer diagnoses and could not be treated with other palliative and radical surgical methods due to comorbidity and high surgical operative risk. Before and after embolization treatment; hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values of the patients, the amount of transfusion of blood and blood products, postoperative complications, urethral foley catheter removal times and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The patients were followed up with controls intermittently for an average of 15 months.Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 77.5 (69-86) years. The average hemoglobin value before and after the embolization procedure was 8,16 mg/dL and 9,48 mg/dL, respectively. The average hematocrit value before and after the embolization procedure was 25,5 and 30,4 , respectively. The average amount of blood products (erythrocyte suspension) transfusion was 2.1 (1-3) units before the procedure, and there was no need for blood transfusion in the follow-up after the procedure. The urethral catheters of all patients were removed on the 5th day (3-7 days) after the urine color became completely clear. There were no major complications, recurrent urethral catheterization or mortality, morbidity related to the treatment after the embolization procedure.Conclusion: Superselective vesical and prostatic artery embolization treatment applied by transarterial microcatheter method is an effective and reliable alternative in the case of resistant hematuria due to bladder or prostate cancer that cannot be controlled with other palliative methods due to the high risk of anesthesia in elderly patients with comorbidities., Amaç: Bu makalede yaşlı ve komorbid hastalarda mesane ve prostat kanserine bağlı tekrarlayan dirençli hematürilerde bir tedavi seçeneği olarak transarteriyel mikrokateter yöntemi ile uygulanan süperselektif vezikal ve prostatik arter embolizasyonu tecrübemizi paylaşmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mesane ve prostat kanseri tanılarına bağlı makroskopik hematüri sebebiyle kliniğimizde takip-tedavisi sürdürülen, komorbidite (geçirilmiş serebrovasküler hastalık ve koroner arter hastalığı) ve yüksek cerrahi operatif risk sebebiyle diğer palyatif ve radikal cerrahi yöntemlerle tedavi edilemeyen 10 hastaya transarteriyel mikrokateter yöntemi ile bilateral süperselektif vezikal veya prostatik arter embolizasyonu işlemi uygulandı. Embolizasyon tedavisi öncesi ve sonrasında; hastaların hemoglobin (Hb) ve hematokrit (Hct) değerleri, uygulanan kan-kan ürünleri transfüzyon miktarı, gelişen postoperatif komplikasyonlar, üretral foley kateter çekilme süreleri ile hasta memnuniyet derecesi değerlendirildi. Hastalar ortalama 15 ay süresince aralıklı olarak kontrollerle takip edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların ortalama yaşı 77,5 (69-86) yıl idi. Embolizasyon işlemi öncesi hastalara ait ortalama Hb değeri 8,16 mg/dl ve işlem sonrası ortalama Hb değeri 9,48 mg/dl olarak hesaplandı. Ortalama Hct değerleri ise işlem öncesi 25,5 ve işlem sonrası 30,4 idi. Ortalama kan ürünleri (eritrosit süspansiyonu) transfüzyonu miktarları ise işlem öncesi 2.1 (1-3) ünite olup işlem sonrası takiplerde kan transfüzyonu ihtiyacı olmadı. Hastaların tümünün üretral kateterleri idrar rengi tamamen berrak hale geldikten sonra ortalama 5. günde (3-7 gün) çekildi. Postop hicbir hastada girişime bağlı majör komplikasyon, tekrar üretral kateterizasyon ya da mortalite, morbidite meydana gelmedi.Sonuç: Yaşlı ve komorbiditesi olan hastalarda mesane veya prostat kanserine bağlı meydana gelen ve yüksek anestezi riski sebebiyle diğer palyatif yöntemlerle kontrol altına alınamayan dirençli hematüri durumunda transarteriyel mikrokateter yöntemi ile uygulanan süperselektif vezikal ve prostatik arter embolizasyonu tedavisi etkin ve güvenilir bir alternatiftir.

Background/Aim: Thiols are an important part of the antioxidant system which destroy reactive oxygen molecules, especially in inflammatory reactions. Maneuvers expressing the prostate fluid required for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis are not practical and are rarely used in clinical practice. We aimed to compare the level of native thiol/disulphide as a supportive biomarker in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis. Materials and methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and 20 healthy volunteers were included in this prospective-case control study. Both groups were compared in terms of native thiol disulphide homeostasis, IPSS, QoL and PSA levels.Results: In the chronic prostatitis group, the native thiol level was significantly lower (P=0.043), the %disulfide/natural thiol was higher (P=0.037), the international prostate symptom score was higher (P=0.006), the quality of life was higher (P=0.023) and the maximum flow rate was lower (P=0.009) compared to the healthy volunteers.Conclusion: In this study, we found that the native thiol (SH) level in patients with chronic prostatitis was low and their disulphide level was high; therefore, we think that the level of native thiol/total thiol may assist in supporting the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.

Background and objectives: Every year several thousand patients attend the hospital emergency department (ED). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of the consultations requested from the emergency department. Methods: The patients who had presented to the adult emergency department between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2020, and who had undergone consultation by at least one clinic were included in the study. Age, gender, the number of consultation required at the same admission, the clinic from which the consultation sought, time required to respond to the request and the outcomes of the consultations were analyzed. Results: The total number of emergency department presentations was 8930 patients and at least one consultation had been requested for 6.64% (n = 593) patients. The mean duration of answering the consultation was 85.76 ± 90.33 minutes. Consultations were requested from the cardiology most frequently (n = 188, 19%), followed by the pulmonology department (n = 181, 18.3%). Discharge was recommended with prescription in 235 (39.6%) consultations. Internal medicine was the clinic, which recommended treatment at the emergency room most frequently (n = 45, 22.4%) and the most commonly recommended treatment was erythrocyte suspension replacement (n = 7). The clinic that demanded additional tests most commonly was determined to be the pulmonology department (n = 41, 22.9%) and arterial blood gases analysis was the most commonly demanded test (n = 16). Conclusion: In our study, the rate of consultations requested was seen to be lower and the rate of cases that required hospitalization was seen to be higher. The duration of answering consultations was found to be longer than desired and institutional protocols should be developed for shortening this duration. IMC J Med Sci 2021; 15(1): 004. OPEN ACCESS *Correspondence: Mustafa Boğan, Emergency Department, Health Research and Application Hospital, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey, Posta code: 81620. Email: mustafabogan@hotmail.com

Bu çalışmanın amacı serbest muhasebeci mali müşavirlik mesleğinin en önemli aşamalarından birisi olan Staja Giriş Sınavı ve Yeterlilik Sınavına yönelik serbest muhasebeci mali müşavir ve adaylarının bakış açılarını tespit etmek ve konuyla ilgili değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için 5’li likert ölçeği kullanılarak hazırlanan anket formu, Sivas ilinde meslek odasına kayıtlı 109 adet serbest muhasebeci mali müşavire ve meslek adaylarına uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Staja Giriş ve Yeterlilik Sınavında en çok zorlanılan dersin maliyet muhasebesi dersi olduğu, en az zorlanılan dersin ise meslek hukuku dersi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan sınavlarla ilgili olarak sınav merkezi sayısının artırılması, dosya ve ruhsat ücretlerinin düşürülmesi isteği ve bunlara ek olarak iki gün üst üste bütün derslerin sınavının yapılmasının başarıyı olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Background/Aim: Reasons for discharge against medical advice (DAMA) may vary according to countries' conditions and environmental or individual factors. Patients who choose to leave the hospital against the doctors’ recommendations are at risk of inadequate treatment and increased rehospitalization risk. The COVID-19 disease has come to the fore with a pandemic and the atmosphere of fear and panic it creates. We aimed to investigate the effect of fear of the pandemic on DAMA.Methods: This study was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary hospital in Turkey. The characteristics of all patients who were discharged against medical advice and their reasons over six months at the beginning of the pandemic were examined prospectively.Results: A total of 263 patients left the ED on various excuses against medical advice between February 6-August 31, 2020 (DAMA rate: 2.4‰). The most common complaint of patients discharged against medical advice was abdominal pain (27%). The top 3 most common causes of DAMA were the fear of being infected by COVID-19 (36.5%), the thought of being neglected (12.2%), and the month of Ramadan (11.4%).Conclusion: The pandemic is an important reason for DAMA. Patients leave the hospital against medical advice with an avoidance-avoidance conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Defining dirty and clean areas within the emergency services with sharp boundaries and informing patients may prevent DAMA due to the fear of being infected with COVID-19. Physicians do not ignore the risk of progression to worse clinical outcomes in patients who discontinue treatment due to the pandemic.

Semaphorin4D (Sema4D), a novel integral membrane glycoprotein, plays a role in atherosclerosis, angiogenesis and chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of sema4D were presented in myocardial infarction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Aim of the study was to investigate the relation between sema4D and recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) in paroxysmal AF.The present study included 161 paroxysmal AF patients (PAF) (101 patients undergone CA) and 60 healthy subjects. Serum levels of sema4D were measured and study participants were followed-up for 3 months and 1 year since CA in terms of recurrence respectively.Sema4D levels were significantly elevated in the recurrent group compared to the non-recurrent PAF patients (Sema4D is a novel biomarker that may help to identify individuals with recurrence after CA procedure in long term period in PAF.

Amaç: Kombu çayı dünya genelinde tüketilen fakat ülkemizde bilinirliliği az olan, asetik asit fermentasyonu ile alkol fermentasyonunun gerçekleştiği simbiyotik ilişki sonucunda meydana gelen hafif tatlı ve asidik bir içecektir. Sağlık açısından birçok yararı olan bu içeceğin üretim koşullarında sıcaklık önemli bir parametredir. Bu çalışmayla inkübasyon sıcaklığı ve fermentasyon süresinin kombu çayının fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özelliklerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, Kombu çayı; oda sıcaklığı (15-20°C) ve 28°C’deki sıcaklıkta 15 gün fermentasyona tabi tutulmuş ve bu sürede 0., 5., 10. ve 15. günlerdeki fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikler incelenmiştir. Oda sıcaklığında üretilen Kombu çayı örneklerinin pH değeri 3.51-5.39; briks değerleri 8.71-9.57; alkol oranı %1.10-3.07; toplam fenolik madde miktarı 374-364 mg gallik asit L-1; antioksidan aktivitesi %80.57-76.58 ve yoğunluk değeri 1.037-1.036 g mL-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 28°C’de fermente edilen Kombu çayı örneklerinin ise pH değeri 3.22-5.39; briksinin 8.71–10.10; alkol içeriğinin %1.10-3.76; toplam fenolik madde miktarının 374-430 mg gallik asit L-1; antioksidan aktivitesinin %80.57-80.00 ve yoğunluğunun 1.037-1.035 g mL-1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her iki sıcaklıkta üretilen Kombu çaylarının L*, a* ve b* değerleri incelendiğinde, farklı fermentasyon koşullarının 5. ve 10. günlerinde a* ve b* değerleri ile 15. günün L* ve a* değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli fark (p

In this study; the responses of 12 safflower genotypes to anther culture were determined in MS medium containing increasing doses of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L-1) and NAA (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg L-1). Donor plants were grown under field conditions and the main capitulas were collected in early or late uninucleate stage. A pre-treatment was applied to their capitules at +4 °C for 3-4 days. Only cvs. Balcı and Linas produced regenerable callus among these genotypes. Although regenerable callus rate was higher in Balcı than Linas, shoot regeneration was achieved only in Linas with 0.5 or 1 mg L-1 of BAP + 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA combinations. In total, 8 shoots of Linas were moved to ½ MS medium consisting of 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA, but rooting of them could not be performed. In sum, among the 12 safflower genotypes, cvs. Balcı and Linas have higher anther culture regeneration potential; however, it is necessary to focus on shoot development and rooting on these cultivars in further experiments.

Basal ganglia are connected to dorsal prefrontal and orbitofrontal structures, which have an important role in emotional experience. Alexithymia is defined as the inability to recognize and verbalize emotions. There is little known about alexithymia and cognitive dysfunction and its relationship with depression. In this study, we examined the relation of alexithymia with cognition and depression in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Fort-two consecutive non-demented patients PD and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The Turkish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MOCA-TR), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) (F1, F2, F3 subgroups), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) were used to evaluate cognitive functions, alexithymia, and depression, respectively, in both groups. The total TAS-20 score was 55.71 ± 19 in the PD group and 46.33 ± 8.21 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the total TAS-20 scores between the groups (p

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the treatment choice in pregnant women with symptomatic hydronephrosis. Methods: Hospital records of pregnant women who visited our clinic due to symptomatic hydronephrosis between December 2010 and December 2020 were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: conservative and surgical (JJ stent) treatment groups. Age, gestational week, primipara, trimester, visual analogue scale (VAS), and preterm birth rates as well as clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonography findings were compared between the groups. Results: The study included 227 pregnant women (conservative treatment group, 133; JJ stent group, 94). Age, gestational week, primipara, trimester, hydronephrosis side, fever, pyelonephritis, pyuria, preterm labour and abortion, as well as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). In the JJ stent group, VAS, creatinine value, culture positivity rate, degree of hydronephrosis, and renal pelvis anterior-posterior (AP) diameter were significantly higher than those in the conservative treatment group (p < 0.05). The cut-off value for renal pelvis AP diameter was 16.5 mm in the first 2 trimesters and 27.5 mm in the third trimester. Conclusions: Surgical treatment should not be delayed in pregnant women who do not respond to conservative treatment and have impaired renal function and grade 3–4 hydronephrosis. Early surgical intervention is necessary in patients with a renal pelvis AP diameter of >16.5 mm in the first 2 trimesters and >27.5 in the third trimester.

Gunumuzde, ekonomik girdilerden biri haline gelen finansal bilgi, isletmelerde en cok muhasebe sistemi tarafindan uretilmekte ve isletme paydaslarina sunulmaktadir. Sunulan bu bilgileri, bilgi kullanicisi olarak da adlandirilan paydaslar, ihtiyaclari dogrultusunda degerlendirmekte ve yatirim, kredi, vergilendirme, kontrol, planlama gibi konularda gelecege yonelik kararlar almaktadirlar. Alinan kararlarin isabetli olmasi ve kaynaklarin etkin kullanimi, kararlarin dayanagi olan bilgilerin kalitesine baglidir. Bu yonuyle meslek mensuplarinin faaliyetleri ekonomik kalkinmaya da dogrudan ve onemli bir duzeyde katki saglamaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, muhasebe bilgisinin cevresini aciklamak ve muhasebe bilgi kalitesini artiran ve azaltan faktorleri ortaya koymaktir. Bu amacla calismada, oncelikle muhasebe bilgi kalitesinin onemi uzerinde durulmustur. Ardindan muhasebe bilgi kalitesinin sekillendigi cevresel yapiyi olusturan unsurlar hakkinda bilgiler verilmistir. Son olarak bu konularda yapilan calismalar incelenmis ve muhasebe bilgi kalitesini olumlu veya olumsuz yonde etkileyen faktorler aciklanmaya calisilmistir. Muhasebe bilgi kalitesinin belirtilen faktorlerin varliginda artacagi soylenebilir: Bagimsiz, tarafsiz ve mesleki yeterlilige sahip muhasebe mensuplarina sahip olmak; tekduzen muhasebe sistemine, muhasebe ilke ve standartlarina ve yasalara uygun bilgiler uretmek; etkin bir ic kontrol ve ic denetim sistemi kurmak. Ancak bu konularda taviz verildiginde ve yasalardaki eksiklik ve esnekliklerin belli bir grubun cikari dogrultusunda kullanildigi ve etik problemlerin yasandigi durumlarda muhasebe bilgilerinin kalite duzeyinin dusuk olacagi da bir gercektir.

The present study is intended to investigate the usability of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting the success of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) used in kidney stone treatment. ESWL was performed on a total number of 52 patients diagnosed with kidney stones between May 2019 and July 2020. The presence of a residual stone greater than 4 mm was accepted as failure. The patients were divided into two groups as ESWL success and ESWL failure. SWE and Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of stones were performed in all patients before ESWL. The two groups were compared in terms of age, gender, stone localisation, stone size, body mass index (BMI), skin-to-stone distance, HU, and SWE values of the stones. ESWL was successful in 30 of the 52 patients included in the study, while it failed in 22 of them. While the mean SWE value was 7.3 (7.9 ± 2.2) kPa in patients with success in ESWL, it was 14.6 (17.9 ± 10.2) kPa in those with failed ESWL. The mean HU was 883.5 (841.4 ± 191.1) in patients with success in ESWL and 1078 (1115.5 ± 183) in those with failed ESWL. Both SWE and HU values of the stones were found to be statistically significantly lower in the successful group (p0.05). It was seen that SWE and HU values were correlated to each other. The groups of successful and failed ESWL did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender distribution, stone size, BMI, and skin-to-stone distance (p 0.05). With SWE, the hardness of the stone can be measured and its suitability for ESWL can be evaluated. It can be used as an alternative parameter to HU before ESWL treatment, since it has a lower cost compared to computed tomography (CT) and does not contain radiation.

AA 7075 dövme alaşımları T6 yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi ile yüksek mukavemetli üretilebildikleri için, havacılık sektöründe çokça tercih edilen alüminyum alaşımlarıdır. Dövme alaşımlar ayrıca döküm alaşımlarına göre daha boşluksuz ve de sünek özelliklere sahip olduğundan havacılık sektöründe güvenle kullanılırlar. Bu çalışmada havacılık sektöründe tercih edilen, ekstrüzyonla şekillendirilmiş 7075 alaşımlarına yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanmış ve alaşımın mekanik özelliklerinde ciddi bir artış sağlanmıştır. Bunu sağlamak için, exrude AA 7075 alaşımlarına ve 125°C ve 138°C olmak üzere iki farklı yaşlandırma ısıl işlem sıcaklığında T6 yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanmıştır. Öncelikle numenlerin hepsi 470°C de 5 saat süreyle çözeltiye alınmış, oda sıcaklığındaki suda hızla soğutulmuş ve aşırı doymuş çözelti elde edilmiştir. Numunelerin bir kısmı oda sıcaklığında doğal yaşlandırılmış bir kısmı 125°C ve bir kısmı da 138°C’de farklı sürelerde yapay yaşlandırılmıştır ve her iki işlem sonucu 220 HV sertliğe ulaşılmıştır. En yüksek mukavemet 604 MPa 125°C de 50 saatlik ve 603 MPa 138°C ve 10 saatlik yaşlandırmada elde edilmiştir. Yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi sonucu, akma mukavemetindeki artışın çekme mukavemeti artışından çok daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir.