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This review focuses on the existing strategies and underlying mechanisms, and discusses future directions in epitaxial substrate engineering to deliver wafer-scale 2D materials for integrated electronics and photonics.

Introduction Leucine-rich repetitive kinase-2 (LRRK2) is a Parkinson's disease-related gene that also participates in many inflammatory diseases. However, the functional role of LRRK2 in cardiovascular disease is not clear. Objective In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of LRRK2 in cardiac remodelling under pressure overload. Methods Aortic banding surgery was performed to induce cardiac remodelling in a LRRK2 knockout mouse model. A cardiomyocyte remodelling model was established by phenylephrine (PE) stimulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Results LRRK2 was upregulated in remodelled mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction were ameliorated in LRRK2 knockout mice. LRRK2 silencing protected against the PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response, while LRRK2 over-expression worsened the PE-induced hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes. Decreased autophagy was observed in remodelled cardiomyocytes, whereas LRRK2 silencing increased autophagy levels and LRRK2 overexpression reduced autophagy levels. The autophagy inhibitors 3-MA, bafilomycin and chloroquine reversed the protective effects of LRRK2 deficiency. The autophagy activator rapamycin reversed the deleterious effects of LRRK2 overexpression. We found that LRRK2 inhibited Bcl-2 phosphorylation, thus decreasing the phosphorylation of Beclin1. The protective effects of LRRK2 knockout were partly counteracted by Beclin1(+/−) in vivo and Beclin1 silencing in vitro. We also observed an interaction between LRRK2 and Rab7, an autolysosome degradation-associated protein, which caused Rab7 downregulation. Rab7 knockdown almost completely reversed LRRK2 silencing-induced protection of cardiomyocytes Conclusion LRRK2 deficiency protected against cardiac remodelling under pressure overload by increasing Bcl-2/Beclin1 and Rab7-regulated autophagy levels in the heart.

A zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3)-based infrared photodetector with the assistance of synergistic effects of extrinsic photoconduction and photogating shows wideband detection and enhanced responsivity.

Phenolamides (PAs), a diverse group of specialized metabolites, including hydroxycinnamoylputrescine (HP), hydroxycinnamoylagmatine, and hydroxycinnamoyltryptamine, are important in plant resistance to biotic stress. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis and modulation of PAs have not been fully elucidated. This study identified an HP biosynthetic gene cluster in rice (Oryza sativa) comprising one gene (OsODC) encoding a decarboxylase and two tandem-duplicated genes (OsPHT3 and OsPHT4) encoding putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferases coexpressed in different tissues. OsODC catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, which is used in HP biosynthesis involving OsPHT3 and OsPHT4. OsPHT3 or OsPHT4 overexpression causes HP accumulation and cell death and putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferases (PHT) activity-dependent resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. OsODC overexpression plants also confer enhanced resistance to M. oryzae. Notably, the basic leucine zipper transcription factor APIP5, a negative regulator of cell death, directly binds to the OsPHT4 promoter, repressing its transcription. Moreover, APIP5 suppression induces OsPHT4 expression and HP accumulation. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the HP biosynthetic gene cluster is conserved in monocots. These results characterized a previously unidentified monocot-specific gene cluster that is involved in HP biosynthesis and contributes to defense and cell death in rice.

Zhen-Yi Long,1,* Yi-Feng Zhou,2,* Hao Yuan,1 Ya-Meng Peng,1 Si-Xian Wu,1 Fang Peng1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People’s Republic of China; 2Operating Room, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hao YuanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13677366519Fax +86-731-82278012Email yuanhao666@hunnu.edu.cnPurpose: We explored the expression levels of IgG4 and interleukin (IL)-21 in the serum and ankle joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats at different disease stages.Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal and model groups, and the latter group was administered bovine type II collagen to induce arthritis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days to detect IgG4 and IL-21 in the serum, followed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of IgG4 and IL-21r in the ankle joint of rats.Results: The contents of IgG4 and IL-21 in the serum of the CIA model group were positively correlated and increased with disease progression. The expression of IgG4 and IL-21 receptors in the ankle joint of the CIA model group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These proteins were closely related to the pathological score. The serum IL-21 level in the model group was closely related to the level of IL-21 receptor in the ankle joint.Conclusion: IL-21 may promote the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis by combining with IL-21r to regulate the content of IgG4.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, immunoglobulin, interleukin, interleukin receptor

AimsAn increasing body of evidence suggests that drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty represents a valuable option for revascularization in selected patients with coronary bifurcation disease. However, there remains a paucity of real-world observational evidence on the efficacy of DCB in left main (LM) true bifurcation lesion. We compared clinical and angiographic outcomes of hybrid [DCB + drug-eluting stent (DES)] versus DES-only strategy (provisional stenting or two-stent strategies) in de novo LM true bifurcated lesions.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the 2-year composite rate of target lesion failure (TLF): cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). A routine 1-year angiographic follow-up was scheduled. Propensity-score matching was utilized to assemble a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics.ResultsAmong 1077 eligible patients, 199 who received DCB treatment and 398 who were assigned to DES therapy had similar propensity scores and were included in the analysis. TLF within 2 years occurred in 13 patients (7.56%) assigned to DCB group, and 52 patients (14.36%) assigned to DES group (odds ratio: 0.487; 95% confidence interval: 0.258–0.922; P = 0.025; Log-rank P = 0.024). Compared with the DES group, the DCB group resulted in a lower rate of CD-TLR (2.91% vs. 9.42%; P = 0.007). Cardiac death, TVMI, all-cause mortality, and stent thrombosis were comparable between both groups. Patients treated with DES-only were associated with a higher late lumen loss (0.42 ± 0.62 mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.42 mm, P < 0.001) compared with the DCB group at 1 year. In sensitivity analysis, the DCB group also presented a lower incidence of TLF, CD-TLR and stent thrombosis both compared to the two-stent strategy and compared to provisional stenting (Ps < 0.05).ConclusionThe 2-year results of PCI utilizing DCB for LM true bifurcation lesions are superior to employing DES alone in terms of safety and effectiveness.

Atmospheric trace metals entail significant damages in human health and ecosystem safety, and thus a series of clean air actions have been implemented to decrease the ambient element concentrations. Unfortunately, the impact of these emission control measures on element concentrations in fine particles remains poorly understood. In our study, the random forest (RF) model was applied to distinguish the effects of emission and meteorology to trace elements in PM2.5 in a typical industrial city named Tangshan based on a 3-year (2017–2020) hourly field observation. The result suggested that the clean air actions have facilitated the dramatic decreases of the deweathered concentrations of Ga, Co, Pb, Zn, and As by 72 %, 67 %, 62 %, 59 %, and 54 %, respectively. It is attributable to the strict implementation of “coal to gas” strategies and optimisation of industrial structure and layout. However, the deweathered levels of Ca (8.3 %), Cr (18.5 %), and Fe (23 %) only displayed minor decreases, indicating that the emission control measures for ferrous metal smelting and vehicle emission were not very effective. The positive matrix factorisation (PMF) results suggested that the contribution ratios of biomass burning, non-ferrous metal smelting, coal combustion, ferrous metal smelting, heavy oil combustion, and traffic-related dust changed from 33 %, 11 %, 15 %, 13 %, 3 %, and 25 % to 33 %, 8 %, 8 %, 13 %, 4 %, and 33 %, respectively. To date, no significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were observed for all of the elements, while both of As and Pb still showed relatively high health damages. It was proposed to further cut down the combustion-related emissions (e.g. As and Pb) because it showed the highest marginal health benefits. Besides this, the control of traffic-related emissions might be a key abatement strategy to facilitate the reduction of elements in fine particles.

Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) is a novel cathelicidin peptide isolated from snakes that has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of our study was to investigate whether cathelicidin-WA (CWA) could protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to establish a mouse model of DCM. CWA peptide (2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg) was continuously administered to the mice from 10 weeks to 16 weeks after STZ injection. The mice in the DCM group exhibited cardiac dysfunction, while 8 mg/kg CWA ameliorated this cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the DCM mice were decreased by treatment with 8 mg/kg CWA. We isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and stimulated the cells with high glucose to establish an in vitro model of myocyte cell injury. Consistently, CWA inhibited high glucose-induced cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocytes. Moreover, CWA reduced the formation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NRLP3) inflammasome by regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein expression and p65 activation. NLRP3 overexpression inhibited the beneficial effects of CWA on the heart during DCM and on high glucose-induced myocyte injury. In summary, CWA attenuates cardiac injury and preserves cardiac function during DCM by targeting the NLRP3 pathway. Abbreviations: AAV9: Adeno associated virus; AGE: Advanced Glycation End products; CWA: Cathelicidin-WA; DCM: diabetic cardiomyopathy; Gpx: glutathione peroxidase; HG: high glucose; IL: Interleukin; NLR: Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NRLP3); TXNIP: Thioredoxin interacting protein; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAC: N-acetyl-cysteine; NRCMs: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STZ: Streptozotocin; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor a.

The rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented decreases in economic activities, thereby reducing the pollutant emissions. A random forest (RF) model was applied to determine the respective contributions of meteorology and anthropogenic emissions to the changes in air quality. The result suggested that the strict lockdown measures significantly decreased primary components such as Cr (−67 %) and Fe (−61 %) in PM2.5 (p), whereas the higher relative humidity (RH) and NH3 level and the lower air temperature (T) remarkably enhanced the production of secondary aerosol, including SO42- (29 %), NO3- (29 %), and NH4+ (21 %) (p). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) result suggested that the contribution ratios of secondary formation (SF), industrial process (IP), biomass burning (BB), coal combustion (CC), and road dust (RD) changed from 36 %, 27 %, 21 %, 12 %, and 4 % before the COVID-19 outbreak to 44 %, 20 %, 20 %, 9 %, and 7 %, respectively. The rapid increase in the contribution ratio derived from SF to PM2.5 implied that the intermittent haze events during the COVID-19 period were characterized by secondary aerosol pollution, which was mainly contributed by the unfavorable meteorological conditions and high NH3 level.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains one of the most serious and prevalent health problems in the world. OBJECTIVES To determine the serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with low HBV DNA levels and analyze the influencing factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two CHB patients with low HBV DNA levels were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status; their age, sex, the incidence of HBV RNA level < lower limit of detection (LLD), and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), quantitative determination of HBsAg (qHBsAg), HBV DNA, and HBV RNA levels were compared. The factors influencing serum HBV RNA levels < LLD and the correlation between serum HBV RNA levels, and serum ALT, AST, qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels were analyzed. RESULTS In HBeAg-positive patients, serum AST, qHBsAg and HBV RNA levels were higher, and serum HBV DNA levels and incidence of HBV RNA < LLD were lower than those in HBeAg-negative patients (p < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that HBeAg is a factor that significantly influences serum HBV RNA levels in patients with CHB (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that HBeAg and qHBsAg are factors that influence serum HBV RNA levels < LLD in patients with CHB. In HBeAg-positive patients, serum HBV RNA levels were positively correlated with qHBsAg and HBeAg. CONCLUSIONS The serum HBV RNA levels in CHB patients with low HBV DNA levels varied according to HBeAg status. The HBeAg is a factor that significantly influences serum HBV RNA levels in patients with CHB, while HBeAg and qHBsAg are factors that significantly influence serum HBV RNA levels < LLD in patients with CHB.

As one of the most important narrow bandgap ternary semiconductors, GaAs1−xSbx nanowires (NWs) have attracted extensive attention recently, due to the superior hole mobility and the tunable bandgap, which covers the whole near-infrared (NIR) region, for technological applications in next-generation high-performance electronics and NIR photodetection. However, it is still a challenge to the synthesis of high-quality GaAs1−xSbx NWs across the entire range of composition, resulting in the lack of correlation investigation among stoichiometry, microstructure, electronics, and NIR photodetection. Here, we demonstrate the success growth of high-quality GaAs1−xSbx NWs with full composition range by adopting a simple and low-cost surfactant-assisted solid source chemical vapor deposition method. All of the as-prepared NWs are uniform, smooth, and straight, without any phase segregation in all stoichiometric compositions. The lattice constants of each NW composition have been well correlated with the chemical stoichiometry and confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectrum. Moreover, with the increase of Sb concentration, the hole mobility of the as-fabricated field-effect-transistors and the responsivity and detectivity of the as-fabricated NIR photodetectors increase accordingly. All the results suggest a careful stoichiometric design is required for achieving optimal NW device performances.

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) and different ionization constants (pKa) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logKow (-7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.

Heterostructures based on diverse two-dimensional (2D) materials are effective for tailoring and further promoting device performance and exhibit considerable potential in photodetection. However, the problem of high-density thermionic carriers can be hardly overcome in most reported heterostructure devices based on type I and type II band alignment, which leads to an unacceptably small Iphoto/Idark and strong temperature dependence that limit the performance of photodetectors. Here, using the MoTe2/h-BN/MoTe2/h-BN heterostructure, we report the hole-dominated Fowler–Nordheim quantum tunneling transport in both on and off states. The state-of-the-art device operating at room temperature shows high detectivity of >108 Jones at a laser power density of

A versatile silylation of heteroaryl C–H bonds is accomplished under the catalysis of a well-defined spirocyclic NHC Ir(III) complex (SNIr), generating a variety of heteroarylsilanes. A significant advantage of this catalytic system is that multiple types of intermolecular C–H silylation can be achieved using one catalytic system at α, β, γ, or δ positions of heteroatoms with excellent regioselectivities. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations indicate that the polycyclic ligand of SNIr can form an isolable cyclometalated intermediate, which leaves a phenyl dentate free and provides a hemi-open space for activating substrates. In general, favorable silylations occur at γ or δ positions of chelating heteroatoms, forming 5- or 6-membered C–Ir–N cyclic intermediates. If such an activation mode is prohibited sterically, silylations would take place at the α or β positions. The mechanistic studies would be helpful for further explaining the reactivity of the SNIr system.

Background: Currently, there is no optimal treatment strategy for ostial left anterior descending (LAD) or ostial left circumflex artery (LCx) lesions. This study explored effectiveness and safety of drug-coated balloons (DCB) in individuals presenting with ostial LAD or LCx lesions. Methods: A total of 137 patients with de novo ostial LAD or LCx lesions scheduled for DCB treatment were prospectively recruited into the study. After mandatory lesion preparation, DCB-only or hybrid strategy [DCB + drug-eluting stent (DES)] were performed on 120 patients (87.59%). The primary endpoint was the rate of 2-year target lesion revascularization (TLR). Rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), and vessel thrombosis were explored as the secondary outcomes. Quantitative coronary angiography software was used to analyze coronary angiograms. Results: Of the participants, 58 were treated with DCB-only and 62 with hybrid strategy. Relative to the DCB-only group, patients in the hybrid group had longer target lesions (15.47 ± 10.08 vs. 36.85 ± 9.46 mm, P 0.05). Treatment strategy (DCB-only or hybrid) was not a significant risk factor for TLR. Patients who underwent DCB-only exhibited less late lumen loss compared with the patients who underwent hybrid strategy (-0.26 ± 0.59 vs. 0.42 ± 0.47 mm, P

A facile benzylic alkylation of indenes and other arenes was developed from readily available primary and secondary alcohols using our newly investigated CCC pincer Ir

Tree ring data from the southern boundary of Chinese Pine (

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties, such as passivated surfaces, tunable bandgaps, and high mobility. High-performance photodetectors based on 2D materials have been fabricated for broadband, position, polarization-sensitive detection, and large-area array imaging. However, the current performance of 2D material photodetectors is not outstanding enough, including response speed, detectivity, and so forth. The way to further promote the development of 2D material photodetectors and their corresponding practical applications is still a tremendous challenge. In this article, these issues of 2D material photodetectors are analyzed and expected to be solved by combining micro-nano characterization technologies. The inherent physical properties of 2D materials and photodetectors can be accurately characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scattering scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM). In particular, the precise probe of lattice defects, doping concentration, and near-field light absorption characteristics can promote the researches of low-noise and high-responsivity photodetectors. Scanning photocurrent microscope (SPCM) can show the overall spatial distribution of photocurrent and analyze the mechanism of photocurrent. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM) can characterize the material bandgap, work function distribution and interlayer coupling characteristics, making it possible to design high-performance photodetectors through energy band engineering. These advanced characterization techniques cover the entire process from material growth, to device preparation, and to performance analysis, and systematically reveal the development status of 2D material photodetectors. Finally, the prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the application of 2D material photodetectors.

A new type of dianionic Ir(III) CCC pincer complexes (SNHC-Ir, 1a-1c) is successfully designed and synthesized by developing a one-step methodology, which involves an initial coordination of Ir(I) with the NHC and subsequent metallation of double sp2C- H bonds. This method is considerably useful over those reported by using strong coordination ligand or carbonic anion exchange, and would provide an alternative efficient template of organometallics synthesis. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicate that the spirocyclic framework is a favourable factor for the facile formation and stabilization of these complexes. Primary investigation shows that chloride 1b can well catalyze homo and hetero addition of styrene derivatives and remote olefin isomerization, which represents the first catalytic application of the dianionic CCC pincer complexes.

To investigate functional connectivity (FC) changes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with and without cognitive impairment (CI) by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Twenty-three ESRD patients with CI, 22 ESRD patients with non-CI (NCI) and 23 matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Rs-fMRI scans were performed in all subjects. Full-range, long-range, and short-range FC defined voxel-wise based degree centrality (DC) and seed based FC were computed and contrasted among the groups. Compared with HC, the DC value of short functional connectivity (SFC), in ESRD patients have increased on the left supramarginal gyrus, while it reduced on the left insula and right postcentral gyrus in CI and decreased on the right precentral gyrus in NCI. Compared with NCI, the DC value of LFC in CI increased on the left fusiform gyrus, while the DC value of short functional connectivity (SFC) increased on the left middle orbital gyrus. In the seed-based FC analyses, the CI showed significantly decreased FC between the left insula and bilateral middle temporal gyrus, between the left fusiform gyrus and the right hippocampus, and between the left postcentral gyrus and the right parahippocampus compared to HC; the CI showed significantly increased FC between the left precuneus and the left fusiform gyrus, between the left postcentral gyrus and the right precuneus compared with NCI. Positive correlations were found between DC values on the right superior frontal gyrus and LDL and BDST, and between MoCA and the DC values on the left insula and the left postcentral gyrus. The altered degree centrality may serve as early biomarkers for CI in ESRD patients.

Development of sustainable routes to synthesize precious metal supported catalysts is of great importance because of their wide applications in the catalysis field. This paper reported a controllable and recyclable cation-assisted reduction route to fabricate a palladium nanoparticle supported catalyst. At 323 K, highly dispersed Pd/Al2O3-CARM was prepared through introducing M2+ (M = Mn, Zn or Cu) ions to promote the reduction of H2PdCl4 in ethylene glycol–water solution, and the residual filtrate after preparation could be recycled to prepare Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. A turnover frequency of 300 × 102 h−1 was obtained for Pd/Al2O3-CARMn in solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.

In-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials with asymmetric lattices are potential candidates for high performance polarized photodetection, which provides much richer optical information than conventional photodetection, such as polarization, azimuth, and ellipticity of the targets. Herein, non-layer structured ZnSb was grown into 2D nanostructures and used to fabricate room-temperature infrared polarized photodetectors. Studies found that the synthesized 2D ZnSb nanoplates exhibited strong in-plane electrical and optical anisotropy due to the low-symmetry crystal structure. The angle-resolved electronic and incident polarization photoelectric measurements confirmed high anisotropic conductivity and linear polarization sensitivity of the ZnSb nanoplates, which are consistent with the theoretical calculations.

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskite materials are a promising platform to construct high performance photodetectors due to their novel structure, high stability, resistance to ion migration and decent light harvesting ability. However, the detection range of 2D perovskite photodetectors is limited due to their large bandgap. Here, self-trapped states with a lower bandgap were created by introducing Sn into a 2D perovskite ((C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4, (PEA)2PbI4). Although previously the excitons in the self-trapped states have been regarded as localized excitons, an obvious photocurrent generated by the dissociation of excitons in self-trapped states has been observed. With this property, the detection range of 2D perovskite photodetectors has been successfully extended. Additionally, the special 2D structure of (PEA)2PbI4 endows the device with high stability and great resistance for ion migration to endure long-term (over 1000 s) consistent work without degradation in performance. This facile doping method for extending the detection range of 2D perovskite photodetectors will greatly broaden their application potential.

Tree ring data from the southern boundary of Pinus tabulaeformis distribution where is the southern margin of warm temperate, the paper analyzes the response of climate factors along north-south direction to tree growth. The results show that temperature and precipitation in May-June and relative moisture from March to June are main limiting factors on tree growth; however, the temperature in the south of the mountain and the humidity in the north of the mountain have relatively greater influence on tree growth. The regional scPDSIMJ (that is PDSI in May-June) is the most significant and stable limiting factors on tree growth to be used for reconstruction, which explains 50.4% of the variance in the instrumental records from 1963 to 2016 CE. The reconstructed scPDSIMJ revealed that there were 29 extremely dry years (accounting for 12.96%) and 30 extremely wet years (accounting for 13.89%) and it can represent the drought variation in central and eastern monsoon region, and agree with the reconstructed PDSI for Mt. Shennong and the drought/wetness series in Zhengzhou, with correlation coefficients 0.367 (n = 210, p = 0.000) and 0.196 (n = 200, p = 0.005), respectively. Further research found that drought of May-June in central China mainly impacted by local temperature and moisture (including precipitation, soil moisture, potential evaporation and water pressure), and then the Pacific and the Atlantic. These results may provide better understanding of May-June drought variation and service for agricultural production in central China.

With the increasing demand for multispectral information acquisition, infrared multispectral imaging technology that is inexpensive and can be miniaturized and integrated into other devices has received extensive attention. However, the widespread usage of such photodetectors is still limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors and complex cryogenic cooling systems. Here, we demonstrate a noncooled two-color infrared photodetector that can provide temporal-spatial coexisting spectral blackbody detection at both near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths. This photodetector consists of vertically stacked back-to-back diode structures. The two-color signals can be effectively separated to achieve ultralow crosstalk of ~0.05% by controlling the built-in electric field depending on the intermediate layer, which acts as an electron-collecting layer and hole-blocking barrier. The impressive performance of the two-color photodetector is verified by the specific detectivity (D*) of 6.4 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 3.5 μm and room temperature, as well as the promising NIR/MWIR two-color infrared imaging and absolute temperature detection.

Intestinal health is critical for the growth and development of humans and animals. Our previous study has demonstrated that indomethacin (IDMT) could induce intestinal injury in piglets, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation contributed to alleviating intestinal injury induced by various stimuli. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IDMT-induced cell death in IPEC-1 cell lines and explored the role of NAC by using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results showed that cell viability was substantially reduced with the increasing concentrations of IDMT, whereas NAC significantly increased the survival rate of IPEC-1 cells regardless of its addition method. Transcriptomics and proteomics data indicated that terms, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation, were significantly enriched by Gene ontology and pathway analyses. Flow cytometer analysis showed that IDMT induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDK1, CCNA2, and CDC45) was decreased by IDMT stimulation. Importantly, NAC treatment repaired IDMT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production, decreasing oxygen consumption rate in non-mitochondrial O

To study the effect of down-regulating miR-488 targeting Jag1 on the injury of hypoxia-reoxygenation myocardial H9c2 cells.A hypoxic-reoxygenated myocardial H9c2 cell injury model was constructed. miR-488 inhibitor was used to transfect the cells. CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis in each group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) levels were detected. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 associated X Protein (Bax) and B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2). Target genes of miR-488 were predicted, and a luciferase reporter system was used to verify the targeting relationship between the two. Myocardial H9c2 cells were co-transfected with miR-488 inhibitor and Jag1 siRNA, and treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, LDH, SOD, MDA, CAT levels, and Bax, Bcl-2 protein expression were detected.The expression of miR-488 in the hypoxia-reoxygenated myocardial H9c2 cells was increased, along with reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased Bax protein expression, decreased Bcl-2 protein expression, increased MDA, decreased CAT and SOD, and increased LDH level in the supernatant of cell culture. When myocardial H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-488 inhibitor and treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation, the expression of miR-488 was decreased, along with increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, decreased Bax protein expression, increased Bcl-2 protein expression, decreased MDA, increased CAT and SOD, and decreased LDH level in the supernatant of cell culture. Down-regulation of miR-488 could target and down-regulate Jag1 expression. And Jag1 siRNA could reverse the effect of miR-488 inhibitor on the proliferation, apoptosis, LDH, SOD, MDA, CAT levels and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 of hypoxic-reoxygenated myocardial H9c2 cells.Down-regulating miR-488 targeted Jag1 can attenuate hypoxia-reoxygenation induced myocardial H9c2 cell injury.

BACKGROUND From the point of view of machine construction and hydrodynamics, this paper innovatively proposes that the essence of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a constant-flow mode of non-invasive ventilator (NIVCFM). This study enrolled healthy adults as study subjects to assess the subjective comfort assessed by visual analog scoring scale of NIVCFM/HFNC and objective comfort measured by the noise level generated by NIVCFM/HFNC. Aiming to provide a scientific basis for the rational clinical application of NIVCFM/HFNC. METHODS 44 healthy adults participated in this study. The noise generated by NIVCFM/HFNC is measured and the comfort is evaluated during NIVCFM delivery at flow rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60L/min. RESULTS When the ventilator flow rate is 60 L/min, the maximum noise is 65.9dB, increasing noise by 23.7dB from a baseline of 42.2dB at the flow rate of 0L/min. There was a strong nonlinear positive correlation between the noise level and the flow rates. The median score for dry mouth, nose or throat, dysphagia, sore throat and other discomfort was 0. The median score for dyspnea was 0 at 0-30L/min,1 at 35-55L/min and 2 at 60L/min. CONCLUSIONS The grater the flow rate, the greater the noise generated by NIVCFM/HFNC (

Based on the method of tree-ring chronology, we established ring-width standard chrono-logies of基于树轮年代学手段,建立了岷江冷杉和方枝柏树轮宽度标准年表以及混合树种年表,研究川西地区理县凉台沟两种针叶树种径向生长对气候变化的响应,为全球变暖背景下该地区森林生态系统的保护与管理提供依据。结果表明:混合年表中包含了2个单个年表的共同气候信息,其信噪比和样本总体解释量均高于单个年表。与气候因子的相关分析显示,3个年表对气候要素的响应表现出较好的一致性,均对温度响应敏感,尤其是方枝柏最为敏感。相对湿度在5、10月对两树种的限制作用明显强于降水。1994年升温突变后,岷江冷杉宽度年表与月均温的相关性变化最为明显,部分月份由负相关转变为正相关,表明岷江冷杉树木径向生长对温度的响应呈现出不稳定性,但两树种径向生长呈差异性变宽趋势,对气温响应的敏感性减弱。.

Taking以河南登封嵩山地区不同坡向的油松人工林为对象,分别建立了跑马岭、峻极峰及区域油松差值年表。结果表明: 跑马岭油松年表的质量高于峻极峰油松年表;跑马岭油松年表和峻极峰油松年表都包含较高的气候信息,都与当年2月平均气温、生长季末期(9—10月)平均气温和平均最高温呈显著正相关,与当年5月的平均最高温呈显著负相关;跑马岭和峻极峰油松径向生长对气候响应有一定的差异,跑马岭油松径向生长主要与3月平均最低温和9月降水量呈显著正相关,而峻极峰与5月降水量和9月平均最低温呈显著正相关;区域油松年表包含了更多的气候信息。利用多元回归分析方法能较好地模拟出油松树轮宽度生长的限制因素是多个月的温度,尤其是当年9月平均气温,这与相关分析结果一致。本研究可以为本地区森林保护和生态建设提供基础服务。.

Silicon photonics has become the preferred candidate for technologies applicable to multifarious fields. However, the applications are strictly limited by the intrinsic in-band photo effect of silicon. Herein, near-infrared photodetectors that break through the silicon bandgap by Er/O hyperdoping are fabricated, potentially extending their applications into telecommunications, low-light-level night vision, medical treatment, and others. Er/O-hyperdoped silicon was achieved as an infrared light absorption layer through ion implantation. The lattice damage caused by ion implantation was repaired by a deep cooling process in which high-temperature samples were cooled by helium flushing cooled by liquid nitrogen. Traditional junction and metallization processes were performed to form a photodiode. We demonstrate that the device has a spectral range up to the wavelength of 1568 nm, a maximum responsivity of 165 µA/W at 1310 nm, and 3 dB cutoff bandwidth up to 3 kHz. Finally, temperature-dependent optical-electrical characteristics were measured to demonstrate the activation mechanism of Er/O in silicon. This Letter proves silicon’s potential in realizing extended infrared detection at room temperature, and it provides a possible way to fabricate infrared optoelectronics and signal processing integrated chips on a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) platform.

In response to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality dual targets, an index evaluation system was established around green development and decarbonisation consisting of three directions: “driving force”, “state”, and “response”. It includes 16 indicators such as the number of low-carbon technology releases, the proportion of CO2 generated from the industrial process. After collecting several current methods of constructing an index evaluation system around green development, an index evaluation system for assessing the low carbon industry process was advocated in different cities. The defined AHP analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of evaluated indicators, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to complete the quantitative evaluation of data. Finally, the model was applied to 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China and work out the score matching each province. According to the overall score, the development of CPCN process 31 provinces is categorized into 5 levels. The results show that a level C and a level D dominating and the level D accounting for the most significant proportion (more than 50%). Only three provinces and cities achieved the outstanding level of A. The conclusion that the carbon peak and carbon neutrality development in our country is still relatively lagging at the current stage with uneven regional distribution matches the actual situation; therefore, it validates the reliability of the method. Based on the scoring relationships between different indicators in each region, the defects and resistance of low-carbon industrial development in some provinces should be analysed to provide a foundation for further accelerating the steps towards achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

2D materials, of which the carrier type and concentration are easily tuned, show tremendous superiority in electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the achievements are still quite far away from practical applications. Much more effort should be made to further improve their performance. Here, p-type MoSe

Background During the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) has been widely applied to treat COVID-19 patients. Retrospective studies showed that QFPDD could improve clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, it is necessary and interesting to explore the action mode of QFPDD for further application and development.MethodsSprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, QFPDD (n=9) and control (n=10) groups. They were parallelly treated for 12 days with QFPDD and warm distilled water, respectively. At the endpoint, the microRNA (miRNA or miR) profiles in serum were detected to identify differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Then, the action mode of QFPDD were explored via review of potential roles of DEMs and functional enrichment analysis of their targets (e.g., GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis), especially focusing on the aspects of immunity, inflammation, virus infection and pulmonary fibrosis. Core genes were identified based on KEGG pathway analysis. Metabolomics were detected in serum and significantly changed metabolites (SCMs), especially the metabolic substrates and products of enzyme of core gene were identified as biomarkers to validate the regulation of DEMs to enzyme activity of core gene through metabolomic analysis and linear correlation analysis between SCMs and DEMs. Results23 DEMs were identified in the serum between QFPDD and control groups, with 1636 predicted genes. Reported evidence has showed that both the DEMs and their target genes involve regulation of immunity, inflammation, virus infection and pulmonary fibrosis. Phospholipase C, gamma 1 (Plcg1) was identified as a core gene and predicted to be upregulated attributed to downregulation of novel-89-mature. The levels of three SCMs, PC(P-18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:0) and PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)), which were the metabolic substrates of phospholipase C, were significantly reduced in QFPDD group, in addition, PC(P-18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) and PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:0) presented positively linear correlation with the expression level of novel-89-mature. The level of phosphorylcholine, a product of PCs metabolized by phospholipase C, was significantly elevated in QFPDD group. Conclusion QFPDD can induce modification of miRNAs profile, and subsequently multi-regulate the immunity, inflammation, virus infection and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, playing an important role for the positive outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated by QFPDD in China.

Black putrid river water is often found in densely populated regions with rapid economic development and population growth. This study proposes immobilized native photosynthetic bacteria (P...

In order to improve the tracking accuracy of tracked vehicle in the process of automatic navigation. This paper combines the position and posture changes of the tracked vehicle to derive the kinematics model, and establishes the kinematics equations about the vehicle yaw rate and spatial position coordinates. According to the requirements for the convergence speed and stability of the lateral error and the rate of change of the lateral error, a steering controller combining kinematics model and state feedback system is designed. Combined with the vehicle speed and the yaw rate output by the system, the speed of the driving wheels on both sides of the track is controlled by controlling the steering angle, so as to realize the differential steering control. The simulation and experimental results show that the controller is effective and can accurately track the target path of the tracked vehicle.