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1. Variations in the relation between education and cause-specific mortality in 19 European populations: A test of the 'fundamental causes' theory of social inequalities in health

Author

Mackenbach, Jp, Kulhanova, I, Bopp, M, Deboosere, P, Eikemo, Ta, Hoffmannr, Kulik, Mc, Leinsalu, M, Martikainen, P, Menvielle, G, Regidor, E, Wojtyniak, B, Ostergren, O, Lundberg, O, Costa, Giuseppe, Public Health, Interface Demography, University of Zurich, and Mackenbach, Johan P

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cause of death, education, Health (social science), Inequality, Social Determinants of Health, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Behavior, 610 Medicine & health, Age Distribution, History and Philosophy of Science, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Injury prevention, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Social inequality, Mortality, Sex Distribution, 10. No inequality, Socioeconomic status, Life Style, media_common, Aged, 1207 History and Philosophy of Science, Behavior change, 1. No poverty, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Health Status Disparities, Middle Aged, Europe, Geography, Socioeconomic Factors, Relative risk, Educational Status, Female, 3306 Health (social science), Demography
Abstract

Link and Phelan have proposed to explain the persistence of health inequalities from the fact that socioeconomic status is a "fundamental cause" which embodies an array of resources that can be used to avoid disease risks no matter what mechanisms are relevant at any given time. To test this theory we compared the magnitude of inequalities in mortality between more and less preventable causes of death in 19 European populations, and assessed whether inequalities in mortality from preventable causes are larger in countries with larger resource inequalities. We collected and harmonized mortality data by educational level on 19 national and regional populations from 16 European countries in the first decade of the 21st century. We calculated age-adjusted Relative Risks of mortality among men and women aged 30-79 for 24 causes of death, which were classified into four groups: amenable to behavior change, amenable to medical intervention, amenable to injury prevention, and non-preventable. Although an overwhelming majority of Relative Risks indicate higher mortality risks among the lower educated, the strength of the education mortality relation is highly variable between causes of death and populations. Inequalities in mortality are generally larger for causes amenable to behavior change, medical intervention and injury prevention than for non-preventable causes. The contrast between preventable and non-preventable causes is large for causes amenable to behavior change, but absent for causes amenable to injury prevention among women. The contrast between preventable and nonpreventable causes is larger in Central & Eastern Europe, where resource inequalities are substantial, than in the Nordic countries and continental Europe, where resource inequalities are relatively small, but they are absent or small in Southern Europe, where resource inequalities are also large. In conclusion, our results provide some further support for the theory of "fundamental causes". However, the absence of larger inequalities for preventable causes in Southern Europe and for injury mortality among women indicate that further empirical and theoretical analysis is necessary to understand when and why the additional resources that a higher socioeconomic status provides, do and do not protect against prevailing health risks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

2. How Can Inequalities in Mortality Be Reduced? A Quantitative Analysis of 6 Risk Factors in 21 European Populations

Author

Eikemo, Ta, Hoffmann, R, Kulik, Mc, Kulhanova, I, Toch Marquardt, M, Menvielle, G, Looman, C, Jasilionis, D, Martikainen, P, Lundberg, O, Mackenbach, Jp, for the EURO GBD SE, Costa, Giuseppe, Public Health, Epidemiology, University of Zurich, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Sociology, Center for Population, Health and Society, and Population Research Unit (PRU)

Subjects
PERCEIVED HEALTH, Epidemiology, LABOR-MARKET, Social Sciences, Distribution (economics), Overweight, WELFARE-STATE REGIMES, Geographical Locations, ALCOHOL-USE, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Risk Factors, welfare regimes, socioeconomic inequalities, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Health Policy, Mortality rate, Smoking, Tobacco control, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, Risk factor (computing), 3. Good health, Europe, Physical Sciences, Income, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Adult, Death Rates, Science, Population, education, 610 Medicine & health, Socially Disadvantaged People, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research and Analysis Methods, White People, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Population Metrics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, Social Stratification, Social inequality, Mortality, Statistical Methods, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES, Aged, Demography, 1000 Multidisciplinary, 030505 public health, Population Biology, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Survival Analysis, Social Epidemiology, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Socioeconomic Factors, HEALTH INEQUALITIES, People and Places, Demographic economics, Redistribution of income and wealth, business, Mathematics
Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are one of the greatest challenges for health policy in all European countries, but the potential for reducing these inequalities is unclear. We therefore quantified the impact of equalizing the distribution of six risk factors for mortality: smoking, overweight, lack of physical exercise, lack of social participation, low income, and economic inactivity. Methods: We collected and harmonized data on mortality and risk factors by educational level for 21 European populations in the early 2000s. The impact of the risk factors on mortality in each educational group was determined using Population Attributable Fractions. We estimated the impact on inequalities in mortality of two scenarios: a theoretical upward levelling scenario in which inequalities in the risk factor were completely eliminated, and a more realistic best practice scenario, in which inequalities in the risk factor were reduced to those seen in the country with the smallest inequalities for that risk factor. Findings: In general, upward levelling of inequalities in smoking, low income and economic inactivity hold the greatest potential for reducing inequalities in mortality. While the importance of low income is similar across Europe, smoking is more important in the North and East, and overweight in the South. On the basis of best practice scenarios the potential for reducing inequalities in mortality is often smaller, but still substantial in many countries for smoking and physical inactivity. Interpretation: Theoretically, there is a great potential for reducing inequalities in mortality in most European countries, for example by equity-oriented tobacco control policies, income redistribution and employment policies. Although it is necessary to achieve substantial degrees of upward levelling to make a notable difference for inequalities in mortality, the existence of best practice countries with more favourable distributions for some of these risk factors suggests that this is feasible. © 2014 Eikemo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published
2014

3. Educational differences in disability-free life expectancy: a comparative study of long-standing activity limitation in eight European countries

Author

Maki, N, Martikainen, P, Eikemo, T, Menvielle, G, Lundberg, O, Ostergren, O, Jasilionis, D, Mackenbach, JP, Borrell C., and EURO-GBD-SE Consortium

Subjects
Europe, Educational differences, Census-linked mortality data, Sullivan's method, Disability-free life expectancy, Long-standing activity limitation, EU-SILC survey data
Abstract

Healthy life expectancy is a composite measure of length and quality of life and an important indicator of health in aging populations. There are few cross-country comparisons of socioeconomic differences in healthy life expectancy. Most of the existing comparisons focus on Western Europe and the United States, often relying on older data. To address these deficiencies, we estimated educational differences in disability-free life expectancy for eight countries from all parts of Europe in the early 2000s. Long-standing severe disability was measured as a Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) derived from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey. Census-linked mortality data were collected by a recent project comparing health inequalities between European countries (the EURO-GBD-SE project). We calculated sex-specific educational differences in disability-free life expectancy between the ages of 30 and 79 years using the Sullivan method. The lowest disability-free life expectancy was found among Lithuanian men and women (33.1 and 39.1 years, respectively) and the highest among Italian men and women (42.8 and 44.4 years, respectively). Life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy were directly related to the level of education, but the educational differences were much greater in the latter in all countries. The difference in the disability-free life expectancy between those with a primary or lower secondary education and those with a tertiary education was over 10 years for males in Lithuania and approximately 7 years for males in Austria, Finland and France, as well as for females in Lithuania. The difference was smallest in Italy (4 and 2 years among men and women, respectively). Highly educated Europeans can expect to live longer and spend more years in better health than those with lower education. The size of the educational difference in disability-free life expectancy varies significantly between countries. The smallest and largest differences appear to be in Southern Europe and in Eastern and Northern Europe, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

9. Lessons learned from the INHANCE consortium: An overview of recent results on head and neck cancer

Author

Bravi, Francesca, Lee, Yuan‐Chin Amy, Hashibe, Mia, Boffetta, Paolo, Conway, David I., Ferraroni, Monica, La Vecchia, Carlo, Edefonti, Valeria, Agudo, Antonio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Benhamou, Simone, Boccia, Stefania, Brennan, Paul, Brenner, Hermann, Cadoni, Gabriella, Canova, Cristina, Chen, Chu, Chuang, Shu‐Chun, Curado, Maria Paula, Dal Maso, Luigino, Daudt, Alexander W., D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Franceschi, Silvia, Garavello, Werner, Gillison, Maura, Gross, Neil D., Hayes, Richard B., Healy, Claire, Herrero, Rolando, Holcatova, Ivana, Kelsey, Karl, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Koifman, Rosalina, Lagiou, Pagona, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Li, Guojun, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luce, Daniele, Macfarlane, Gary J., Mates, Dana, Matsuo, Keitaro, McClean, Michael, Menezes, Ana, Menvielle, Gwenn, Morgenstern, Hal, Moyses, Raquel A., Moysich, Kirsten, Muscat, Joshua, Negri, Eva, Olshan, Andrew F., Pandics, Tamas, Polesel, Jerry, Purdue, Mark P., Radoï, Loredana, Ramroth, Heribert, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Schantz, Stimson, Schwartz, Stephen M., Serraino, Diego, Shangina, Oxana, Smith, Elaine, Sturgis, Erich M., Świątkowska, Beata, Thomson, Peter, Toporcov, Tatiana N., Vaughan, Thomas L., Vilensky, Marta, Winn, Deborah M., Wunsch‐Filho, Victor, Yu, Guo‐Pei, Zevallos, Jose P, Zhang, Zuo‐Feng, Zheng, Tongzhang, Znaor, Ariana, Bravi, F, Lee, Y, Hashibe, M, Boffetta, P, Conway, D, Ferraroni, M, La Vecchia, C, Edefonti, V, Agudo, A, Ahrens, W, Benhamou, S, Boccia, S, Brennan, P, Brenner, H, Cadoni, G, Canova, C, Chen, C, Chuang, S, Curado, M, Dal Maso, L, Daudt, A, D'Souza, G, Fabianova, E, Fernandez, L, Franceschi, S, Garavello, W, Gillison, M, Gross, N, Hayes, R, Healy, C, Herrero, R, Holcatova, I, Kelsey, K, Kjaerheim, K, Koifman, R, Lagiou, P, Lazarus, P, Levi, F, Li, G, Lissowska, J, Luce, D, Macfarlane, G, Mates, D, Matsuo, K, Mcclean, M, Menezes, A, Menvielle, G, Morgenstern, H, Moyses, R, Moysich, K, Muscat, J, Negri, E, Olshan, A, Pandics, T, Polesel, J, Purdue, M, Radoi, L, Ramroth, H, Richiardi, L, Schantz, S, Schwartz, S, Serraino, D, Shangina, O, Smith, E, Sturgis, E, Swiatkowska, B, Thomson, P, Toporcov, T, Vaughan, T, Vilensky, M, Winn, D, Wunsch-Filho, V, Yu, G, Zevallos, J, Zhang, Z, Zheng, T, Znaor, A, Bravi F., Lee Y.-C.A., Hashibe M., Boffetta P., Conway D.I., Ferraroni M., La Vecchia C., Edefonti V., Agudo A., Ahrens W., Benhamou S., Boccia S., Brennan P., Brenner H., Cadoni G., Canova C., Chen C., Chuang S.-C., Curado M.P., Dal Maso L., Daudt A.W., D'Souza G., Fabianova E., Fernandez L., Franceschi S., Garavello W., Gillison M., Gross N.D., Hayes R.B., Healy C., Herrero R., Holcatova I., Kelsey K., Kjaerheim K., Koifman R., Lagiou P., Lazarus P., Levi F., Li G., Lissowska J., Luce D., Macfarlane G.J., Mates D., Matsuo K., McClean M., Menezes A., Menvielle G., Morgenstern H., Moyses R.A., Moysich K., Muscat J., Negri E., Olshan A.F., Pandics T., Polesel J., Purdue M.P., Radoi L., Ramroth H., Richiardi L., Schantz S., Schwartz S.M., Serraino D., Shangina O., Smith E., Sturgis E.M., Swiatkowska B., Thomson P., Toporcov T.N., Vaughan T.L., Vilensky M., Winn D.M., Wunsch-Filho V., Yu G.-P., Zevallos J.P., Zhang Z.-F., Zheng T., and Znaor A.

Subjects
INHANCE, medicine.medical_specialty, Oral health, Cancer recurrence, Article, Tobacco Use, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, pooled analysi, prognostic factor, General Dentistry, Beneficial effects, Head and Neck Neoplasm, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Head and neck cancer, oral cavity cancer, Case-control study, prognostic factors, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, risk factor, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Etiology, laryngeal cancer, head and neck cancer, Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA, pooled analysis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Case-Control Studie, business, Human
Abstract

Objective:\ud \ud To summarize the latest evidence on head and neck cancer epidemiology from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium.\ud \ud Subjects and Methods:\ud \ud INHANCE was established in 2004 to elucidate the etiology of head and neck cancer through pooled analyses of individual‐level data on a large scale. We summarize results from recent INHANCE‐based publications updating our 2015 overview.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Seventeen papers were published between 2015 and May 2020. These studies further define the nature of risks associated with tobacco and alcohol, and occupational exposures on head and neck cancer. The beneficial effects on incidence of head and neck cancer were identified for good oral health, endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors, and selected aspects of diet related to fruit and vegetables. INHANCE has begun to develop risk prediction models and to pool follow‐up data on their studies, finding that ~30% of cases had cancer recurrence and 9% second primary cancers, with overall‐ and disease‐specific 5‐year‐survival of 51% and 57%, respectively.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud The number and importance of INHANCE scientific findings provides further evidence of the advantages of large‐scale internationally collaborative projects and will support the development of prevention strategies.

Published
2020
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10. Occupational socioeconomic risk associations for head and neck cancer in Europe and South America: individual participant data analysis of pooled case-control studies within the INHANCE Consortium

Author

Alexander W. Daudt, Kristina Kjærheim, Paolo Boffetta, Antonio Agudo, Leticia Fernandez, Peter Thomson, Cristina Canova, Alastair Ross, Isabelle Stücker, Diego Serraino, David I. Conway, Marta Vilensky, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Paul Brennan, Lorenzo Richiardi, Gary J. Macfarlane, Mia Hashibe, Thomas Behrens, Pagona Lagiou, Simone Benhamou, Claire M. Healy, Amy Lee Yuan-Chin, Maria Paula Curado, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Wolfgang Ahrens, Alex D. McMahon, Gwenn Menvielle, Ariana Znaor, Ivana Holcatova, Heribert Ramroth, Jan Hovanec, Danièle Luce, Ana M. B. Menezes, University of Glasgow, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University [Prague], University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Turin, Trinity College Dublin, Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Aberdeen, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat [Barcelona, Spain], Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry-Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Bologna, University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Universidade Federal de Pelotas = Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of São Paulo (USP), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], National Cancer Institute, NCI: R03CA113157, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR: R03DE016611, European Commission, EC: IC18-CT97-0222, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP: 01/01768-2, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01GB9702/3, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC, Fondation de France, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé, Fifth Framework Programme, FP5: FOR381.88, KFS1069-09-2000, QLK1-CT-2001-00182, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, FonCyT, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, ANSES, Institut Gustave-Roussy: 88D28, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS, Swiss Cancer Research Foundation: AKT 617, Conway D.I., Hovanec J., Ahrens W., Ross A., Holcatova I., Lagiou P., Serraino D., Canova C., Richiardi L., Healy C., Kjaerheim K., Macfarlane G.J., Thomson P., Agudo A., Znaor A., Brennan P., Luce D., Menvielle G., Stucker I., Benhamou S., Ramroth H., Boffetta P., Vilensky M., Fernandez L., Curado M.P., Menezes A., Daudt A., Koifman R., Wunsch-Filho V., Yuan-Chin A.L., Hashibe M., Behrens T., McMahon A.D., Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Universitad de Buenos Aires = University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), HAL UR1, Admin, and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)

Subjects
Data Analysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Risk factors in diseases, Occupational prestige, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Socioeconomic Factor, Head cancer, socioeconomic, Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology, Occupational, Socioeconomic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology of cancer, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Càncer de cap, Original Research, business.industry, Factors de risc en les malalties, Prestige, Risk Factor, Head and neck cancer, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, South America, medicine.disease, Neck cancer, Càncer de coll, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Europe, Data Analysi, Socioeconomic Factors, cancer: occupational, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, cancer epidemiology, business, Case-Control Studie, Psychosocial, Demography, Human
Abstract

BackgroundThe association between socioeconomic disadvantage (low education and/or income) and head and neck cancer is well established, with smoking and alcohol consumption explaining up to three-quarters of the risk. We aimed to investigate the nature of and explanations for head and neck cancer risk associated with occupational socioeconomic prestige (a perceptual measure of psychosocial status), occupational socioeconomic position and manual-work experience, and to assess the potential explanatory role of occupational exposures.MethodsPooled analysis included 5818 patients with head and neck cancer (and 7326 control participants) from five studies in Europe and South America. Lifetime job histories were coded to: (1) occupational social prestige—Treiman’s Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale (SIOPS); (2) occupational socioeconomic position—International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI); and (3) manual/non-manual jobs.ResultsFor the longest held job, adjusting for smoking, alcohol and nature of occupation, increased head and neck cancer risk estimates were observed for low SIOPS OR=1.88 (95% CI: 1.64 to 2.17), low ISEI OR=1.74 (95% CI: 1.51 to 1.99) and manual occupations OR=1.49 (95% CI: 1.35 to 1.64). Following mutual adjustment by socioeconomic exposures, risk associated with low SIOPS remained OR=1.59 (95% CI: 1.30 to 1.94).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that low occupational socioeconomic prestige, position and manual work are associated with head and neck cancer, and such risks are only partly explained by smoking, alcohol and occupational exposures. Perceptual occupational psychosocial status (SIOPS) appears to be the strongest socioeconomic factor, relative to socioeconomic position and manual/non-manual work.

Published
2020
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11. The INHANCE consortium: toward a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer

Author

Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Dana Mates, Danièle Luce, Lorenzo Simonato, José Eluf-Neto, Michael Pawlita, Elaine M. Smith, Kim De Ruyck, Gwenn Menvielle, Cristina Bosetti, Deborah M. Winn, David Zaridze, Gabriella Cadoni, Keitaro Matsuo, Diego Serraino, Isabelle Stücker, Richard B. Hayes, Mia Hashibe, Andrew F. Olshan, Robert I. Haddad, David I. Conway, Guo-Pei Yu, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Simone Benhamou, Chu Chen, Brenda Diergaarde, Maura L. Gillison, Paul Brennan, Michael D. McClean, Kristina Kjærheim, Vladimir Bencko, Peter Rudnai, Guojun Li, Eleonora Fabianova, Pagona Lagiou, Thomas L. Vaughan, Witold Zatonski, Silvia Franceschi, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Rayjean J. Hung, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Antonio Agudo, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Martin Lacko, Erich M. Sturgis, Xavier Castellsagué, Fabio Levi, Luigino Dal Maso, Jolanta Lissowska, Carlo La Vecchia, Franco Merletti, Steve Schwartz, Oxana Shangina, Ariana Znaor, Gregory T. Wolf, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Ivana Holcatova, Wolfgang Ahrens, Rolando Herrero, Alexander W. Daudt, Kirsten B. Moysich, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Ana M. B. Menezes, Philip Lazarus, Laura S. Rozek, Tongzhang Zheng, Paolo Boffetta, Jose P. Zevallos, Peter Thomson, Claire M. Healy, Stefania Boccia, Wilbert H.M. Peters, Stimson P. Schantz, Marta Vilensky, Joshua E. Muscat, Hermann Brenner, Sergio Koifman, Geoffrey Liu, Manoj B. Mahimkar, Leticia Fernandez, Winn, D.M., Lee, Y.-C., Hashibe, M., Boffetta, P., Agudo, A., Ahrens, W., Bencko, V., Benhamou, S., Boccia, S., Bosetti, C., Brennan, P., Brenner, H., Cadoni, G., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., Conway, D., Curado, M.P., D'Souza, G., Maso, L.D., Daudt, A.W., Ruyck, K.D., Diergaarde, B., Eluf-Neto, J., Fabianova, E., Fernandez, L., Franceschi, S., Gillison, M., Haddad, R.I., Hayes, R., Healy, C., Herrero, R., Hofmann, J., Holcátová, I., Hung, R., Kelsey, K., Kjaerheim, K., Koifman, S., Vecchia, C.L., Lacko, M., Lagiou, P., Lazarus, P., Levi, F., Li, G., Lissowska, J., Liu, G., Luce, D., Macfarlane, T., Mahimkar, M., Mates, D., Matsuo, K., McClean, M., Menezes, A., Menvielle, G., Merletti, F., Moysich, K., Muscat, J., Olshan, A., Pawlita, M., Peters, W.H.M., Ramroth, H., Rozek, L., Rudnai, P., Schantz, S., Schwartz, S., Serraino, D., Shangina, O., Simonato, L., Smith, E., Stucker, I., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila and Thomson, P., Vaughan, T., Vilensky, M., Wolf, G., Wünsch-Filho, V., Yu, G., Zaridze, D., Zatonski, W., Zevallos, J.P., Zhang, Z.-F., Zheng, T.-Z., and Znaor, A.

Subjects
Larynx, Data Pooling, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Research groups, Alcohol Drinking, Scientific productivity, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Cooperative Behavior, Family history, Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, General Dentistry, business.industry, Smoking, Head and neck cancer, Confounding, medicine.disease, Diet, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Socioeconomic Factors, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, epidemiology, head and neck cancer, Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA, business
Abstract

The International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium is a collaboration of research groups leading large epidemiology studies to improve the understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer. The consortium includes investigators of 35 studies who have pooled their data on 25 500 patients with head and neck cancer (i.e., cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) and 37 100 controls. The INHANCE analyses have confirmed that tobacco use and alcohol intake are key risk factors of these diseases and have provided precise estimates of risk and dose response, the benefit of quitting, and the hazard of smoking even a few cigarettes per day. Other risk factors include short height, lean body mass, low education and income, and a family history of head and neck cancer. Risk factors are generally similar for oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, although the magnitude of risk may vary. Some major strengths of pooling data across studies include more precise estimates of risk and the ability to control for potentially confounding factors and to examine factors that may interact with each other. The INHANCE consortium provides evidence of the scientific productivity and discoveries that can be obtained from data pooling projects. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Published
2015
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