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The ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of the binary mixtures of methyl acrylate with benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and mesitylene over the whole mole fraction range were measured at six different temperatures and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, the excess isentropic compressibility, κ s E , excess ultrasonic speed, u E , excess molar isentropic compressibility, K s,m E , excess specific impedance, Z E and deviations in viscosity, Δ η have been calculated. The partial molar isentropic compressions, K ¯ s,m,1 and K ¯ s,m,2 , and excess partial molar isentropic compressions, K ¯ s,m,1 E and K ¯ s,m,2 E over the whole composition range, partial molar isentropic compressions, K ¯ s,m,1 ° and K ¯ s,m,2 ° , and excess partial molar isentropic compressions, K ¯ s,m,1 ° E and K ¯ s,m,2 ° E of the components at infinite dilution have also been calculated. The results specified the existence of weak interactions between unlike molecules, the interactions follow the order: benzene > toluene > p-xylene > m-xylene > o-xylene > mesitylene. The magnitude of interactions was found to be dependent on the number and position of the methyl groups in these aromatic hydrocarbons.

MIL-125 is a metal-organic framework with great potential for the adsorption and separation of xylene isomers. However, MIL-125 is usually synthesized under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions. In this study, homogeneously shaped and highly crystalline MIL-125 was synthesized by introducing water-resistant titanium-containing oligomers into the synthesis process. With the assistance of the novel oligomers, MIL-125 can be synthesized in the presence of water, which meets batch-production requirements. The adsorption separation performance of the obtained highly crystalline MIL-125 was also significantly enhanced. The para-xylene/meta-xylene selectivity can reach 13.5 in mesitylene, which is higher than the selectivity values of most previously reported para-selective adsorbents. The MIL-125 xylene separation performance was verified using both batch adsorption and breakthrough experiments in the liquid phase. In addition, the influence of the solvent effect was evaluated through microcalorimetric experiments, liquid-phase adsorption experiments, and theoretical calculations.

This paper reports the self-assembly of a donor-acceptor system into nanoscopic structures and the photo processes taking place within these structures. The donor employed is pyrene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-PY-CD), and adamantane-linked methyl viologen attached to the three arms of mesitylene (Ms-(MV2+-AD)3) is the acceptor. CD-PY-CD and Ms-(MV2+-AD)3 when dissolved in water self-assembled into vesicles, which joined together to give long fibers. The self-assembly was studied using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched within the self-assembled system due to efficient photoinduced electron transfer to methyl viologen. Photoinduced electron transfer within the assembly is confirmed through identification of product radical ions in flash photolysis experiments. Steady-state irradiation of the self-assembled system in an optical bench led to the formation of methyl viologen radical cation, which was stable for a few hours. Longevity of the radical cation was attributed to the fast reaction of pyrene radical cation with adjacent pyrene to give an unstable adduct, which slows down the back electron transfer process.

Controlled crystallization of fullerene molecules into ordered molecular assemblies is important for their applications. However, the morphology engineering of fullerene[C70 ] assemblies is challenging, and complicated architectures have rarely been reported due to the low molecular symmetry of C70 molecules, which makes their crystallization difficult to control and the low production yield as well. Herein, with the assistance of solvent intercalation, a general reprecipitation approach is reported to prepare morphologically controllable C70 microcrystals with mesitylene as a good solvent and n-propanol as a poor solvent in one solvent system without replacing specific solvents. A series of C70 microcrystals with high uniformity from perfect cubes and defective hoppers to novel cruciform-pillars are obtained by intentionally tuning C70 concentration and the volume ratio of mesitylene to n-propanol. Among them, novel cruciform-pillar-shaped microcrystals are obtained for the first time by further decreasing the amount of mesitylene in the solvent-intercalated microcrystals. Notably, the C70 concentration is a key parameter for the selective growth of C70 hopper, rather than the volume ratio of mesitylene to n-propanol. Interestingly, the hopper-shaped microcrystals exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties relative to those of cubes and cruciform-pillars owing to the enhanced light absorption, proving their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. This study offers new insights into the morphology-controlled synthesis of other micro/nanostructured organic microcrystals and the fine tuning of photoluminescence properties of organic crystals.

Intramolecular addition of a C(sp3)–H bond of the dimethylamino group across the C–C triple bond in 2-alkynyl-N,N-dimethylanilines is effectively catalyzed by a new iridium complex, IrCl(DTBM-SEGPHOS)(C2H4), in mesitylene at 150 °C. The intramolecular C(sp3)–H addition is followed by double-bond isomerization to afford 3-substituted indoles in good to high yields.

Lithium trimethylsilyldiazomethanide and a cobalt (II) precursor with an N-anchored tris-NHC (TIMENmes ) ligand provide access to the cobalt nitrilimide 1. Complex 1 was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SC-XRD) and its electronic structure was examined in detail, including EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry and computational analyses. The desilylation of the C-(trimethylsilyl)nitrilimide reveals a transient complex with an elusive diazomethanediide ligand, which substitutes one of the mesitylene rings of the ancillary ligand through C-N bond cleavage. This transformation results in the cyclometalated cobalt(II) complex 2, featuring a rare isocyanoamido-κ-C ligand.

This work studied the influence of the pore size and morphology of the mesoporous silica as support for formate dehydrogenase (FDH), the first enzyme of a multi-enzymatic cascade system to produce methanol, which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid. Specifically, a set of mesoporous silicas was modified with glyoxyl groups to immobilize covalently the FDH obtained from Candida boidinii. Three types of mesoporous silicas with different textural properties were synthesized and used as supports: i) SBA-15 (DP = 4 nm); ii) MCF with 0.5 wt% mesitylene/pluronic ratio (DP = 20 nm) and iii) MCF with 0.75 wt% mesitylene/pluronic ratio (DP = 25 nm). As a whole, the immobilized FDH on MCF0.75 exhibited higher thermal stability than the free enzyme, with 75% of residual activity after 24 h at 50 °C. FDH/MCF0.5 exhibited the best immobilization yields: 69.4% of the enzyme supplied was covalently bound to the support. Interestingly, the specific activity increased as a function of the pore size of support and then the FDH/MCF0.75 exhibited the highest specific activity (namely, 1.05 IU/gMCF0.75) with an immobilization yield of 52.1%. Furthermore, it was noted that the immobilization yield and the specific activity of the FDH/MCF0.75 varied as a function of the supported enzyme: as the enzyme loading increased the immobilization yield decreased while the specific activity increased. Finally, the reuse test has been carried out, and a residual activity greater than 70% was found after 5 cycles of reaction.

International audience; Reactions of the hindered N-heterocyclic carbene, :C{(MesNCH)(2)} (IMes; Mes = mesityl), with a series of beta-diketiminatomagnesium(II) hydride and dimagnesium(I) complexes were carried out at 80 degrees C. The reactions involving the magnesium hydrides, [{((Ar)Nacnac)Mg(mu-H)}(2)] [(Ar)Nacnac = [(ArNCMe)(2)CH](-), where Ar = 2,6-diethylphenyl (Dep) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip)], proceeded via activation of an exocyclic C-N bond of IMes, giving magnesium imidazolyl compounds [((Ar)Nacnac)Mg(mu-H)(mu-Imid)Mg((Ar)Nacnac)] (Imid = [NC2H2N-(Mes)C](-)) and mesitylene. A low-yield IMes methyl C-H activation product, [((Dep)Nacnac)Mg(IMes(-H))], was also obtained, via H-2 elimination, from the reaction between IMes and [{((Dep)Nacnac)Mg(mu-H)}(2)]. Reactions between IMes and dimagnesium(I) compounds [{((Ar)Nacnac)Mg}(2)] [Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl (Xyl) or Mes] afforded isostructural C-H activation products [((Ar)Nacnac)Mg(IMes(-H))] but in higher yields. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the reactions do not progress via stable adduct complex intermediates, which are sterically inaccessible.

Rubber components are used in almost all areas of industrial applications and are often surrounded by liquid media. Caused by thermodynamical reasons the ambient medium is diffusing into or out of the solid. In consequence, the solid can change in mass, volume and material properties. In this study, the diffusion and swelling behaviour using the example of an application of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) in mesitylene is experimentally investigated. For this purpose, sorption experiments are carried out. Within the framework of continuum mechanical material modelling, a thermodynamically consistent approach is presented, which describes non-linear diffusion of fluids in solids including the swelling phenomenon. Finite strains of the solid as well as an exchange of mass, linear and angular momentum, energy and entropy for open systems are considered. The resulting governing equations of such a multi-field problem are solved using the finite-element method. An optimisation strategy is presented by performing inverse calculations with the numerically converted material model to identify its relevant material parameters. Finally, the swelling of an NBR sealing in mesitylene is simulated.

Aluminum species in AlCl₃–arene and AlCl₃–CuCl–arene solutions (including benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and mesitylene) were investigated using ²⁷Al NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The AlCl₃·arene and Al₂Cl₆·arene complexes were demonstrated experimentally. AlCl₃ could not coordinate with benzene and toluene at a low temperature (40 °C) but could form complexes at a high temperature (80 °C). AlCl₃ could coordinate with xylene and mesitylene to form Al₂Cl₆·arene complexes at both low and high temperatures (40 and 80 °C). As for AlCl₃–CuCl–arene solutions with a molar ratio of 1:1:2, two signals were observed in ²⁷Al NMR spectra. The signal at around 101 ppm was assigned to CuAlCl₄·2arene complexes, and the other signal at around 96 ppm belonged to AlCl₃·arene complexes. The characteristic peaks of AlCl₃–CuCl–arene solutions in IR spectra moved toward the low field due to the strong π-back-bonding. The CuAlCl₄·2arene complexes would convert to CuAl₂Cl₇·2arene complexes with a further increase in AlCl₃ content when the molar ratio of AlCl₃/CuCl exceeded 1. The synthesis mechanism of AlCl₃–CuCl–arene solutions was analyzed by in situ Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three reaction pathways originating from different aluminum species were proposed.

One-pot synthesis of 3,4-benzo[c]-β-carbolines was achieved from 2-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-3-bromoindoles via 10 mol % Pd(OAc)2/PPh3-mediated intramolecular Heck coupling using K2CO3 as a base in DMF at 110 °C with concomitant aromatization through an elimination of tosylsulfinic acid. Under identical conditions, the isomeric 3-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-2-bromoindoles upon intramolecular Heck reaction furnished benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]indole 5,5-dioxides instead of the expected γ-carbolines. However, synthesis of the expected γ-carboline framework, 3-tosyl-6,9-dihydro-1,2-benzo[a]-γ-carbolines, could be achieved from 3-aryl(tosylamino)methyl-2-bromoindoles containing a mesitylene sulfonyl unit as a protecting group on the indole nitrogen.

Hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can significantly impact human health and the environment. Hence, the detection of VOCs is of foremost importance. A quinoxaline-based fluorimetric probe (1) unveils a notable "turn-on" fluorescence response towards mesitylene in the presence of other VOCs and common interfering ions in aqueous media. The sensing phenomenon involves specific 1 : 1 stoichiometric binding of the probe with mesitylene with a ∼2.66 ppm detection limit. Furthermore, the probe experiences morphological transformations from a fibril-network to a stone-shaped hetero-structure upon treatment with mesitylene, indicating mesitylene induced self-assembly. The detection induced self-assembly of the probe was further corroborated by dynamic-light-scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopy study. Importantly, this proposed approach is applicable to detect mesitylene in natural water sources and in the vapor phase using portable, low-cost filter paper strips.

The physical factors behind the experimentally observed high activity of gold(I)-catalysts having an α-cationic phosphole as a ligand have been computationally explored. To this end, the gold(I)-catalysed hydroarylation reactions of phenylacetylene and mesitylene involving both neutral and cationic phosphole as well as phosphine ligands have been quantitatively analyzed in detail with the help of the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method. It is found that the cationic phosphole ligands induce a dramatic change in both the geometry and the electronic structure of the initially formed π-complex which significantly enhances its electrophilicity. This results in an enhancement of the key π(mesitylene) → π*(LAu-acetylene complex) molecular orbital interaction which is the main factor responsible for the activating effect of these cationic ligands.

A new [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle linker based on the binding of a 24-crown-8 ether macrocycle at a benzimidazole recognition site was synthesised. The shuttling dynamics of the linker were studied in solution and the structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A multivariate Zr(iv) MOF, UWDM-11, containing the new MIM linker and primary linker tetramethylterphenyldicarboxylate was synthesised and the translational motion of the molecular shuttle studied in the solid state. The use of a 13C enriched MIM linker allowed the dynamics of both activated and mesitylene-solvated UWDM-11 to be elucidated by VT 13C CPMAS SSNMR. The incorporation of mesitylene into the pores of UWDM-11 resulted in a significant increase in the barrier for thermally driven translation of the macrocycle., An unsymmetrical molecular shuttle was incorporated into the octahedral cavities of a Zr(iv) MOF. 13C SSNMR showed that the presence of mesitylene in the pores results in an increase in the barriers for the thermally driven motion of the macrocycle.

A series of fluorescent and non-fluorescent multipodands, substituted with donor S, N, and O heteroatoms, bridged to mesitylene and benzene core at 1, 3-, 1, 3, 5-, and 1, 2, 4, 5-positions have been synthesized and characterized. The liquid–liquid extraction experiment showed that non-fluorescent podands such as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrapod exhibited excellent complexation abilities towards Ag+ ions. The tetrapodand (O, N) shows highest extraction of Ag+ (73%) and tetrapodand (S, N) shows the highest Ag+/Pb2+ selectivity (135). However, for fluorescent dipodands very weak complexation ability towards metal ions were observed likely due to steric crowding. Significantly, these fluorescent dipodands undergoes protonation at very low pH (ca.

A series of imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COF) are constructed under Sc(OTf)3 catalysis in a 1,4-dioxane/mesitylene mixture. The amount of Sc(OTf)3 catalyst strongly affects the structure of the as-synthesized COFs. When 0.005 equivalent Sc(OTf)3 is used, a crystalline COF with uniform micropores and high surface area is obtained. The as-synthesized COF evolves to a disordered structure with increase in the catalyst amount. Several imine-linked COFs show NH3 sensing ability at room temperature, and the NH3 sensing performance is strongly dependent on their electric conductivity. The imine-linked COF with a disordered structure has better electric conductivity than the crystalline imine-linked COF. The NH3 sensing ability of the imine-linked COF with a disordered structure is far better than that of the imine-linked COF with a crystalline structure. The excellent NH3 sensing ability, including a short response time, large response value and high sensing selectivity, as well as lower sensor baseline resistance were observed on the imine-linked COF with a disordered structure. The imine linkage was recognized as the active site for NH3 adsorption on the imine-linked COF. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and an in situ UV-Vis spectra experiment confirm a hydrogen bond formation between NH3 and imine linkage during the NH3 sensing process.

An efficient and versatile zinc oxide-supported iridium (Ir/ZnO) catalyst was developed to catalyze the additive-free N-methylation of amines with methanol. Mechanistic studies suggested that the high catalytic reactivity is rooted in the small sizes (1.4 nm) of Ir nanoparticles and the high ratio (93%) of oxidized iridium species (IrOx, Ir3+ and Ir4+) on the catalyst. Moreover, the delicate cooperation between the IrOx and ZnO support also promoted its high reactivity. The selectivity of this catalytic N-methylation was controllable between dimethylation and monomethylation by carefully tuning the catalyst loading and reaction solvent. Specifically, neat methanol with high catalyst loading (2 mol% Ir) favored the formation of N,N-dimethylated amine, while the mesitylene/methanol mixture with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol% Ir) was prone to producing mono-N-methylated amines. An environmentally benign continuous flow system with a recycled mode was also developed for the efficient production of N-methylated amines. With optimal flow rates and amine concentrations, a variety of N-methylamines were produced with good to excellent yields in this Ir/ZnO-based flow system, providing a starting point for the clean and efficient production of N-methylamines with this cost-effective chemical process.

The alkylation of aromatics is an important reaction for producing valuable petrochemicals and fine chemicals. A dual metal species encapsulated MEL zeolite with an elegant hierarchical architecture was fabricated to tailor the catalytic properties of liquid alkylation between mesitylene and benzyl alcohol. The redox properties of zeolites played a crucial role in determining the activity and selectivity, and the activity of benzyl alcohol and the selectivity of 2-benzyl-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene could be simultaneously maximized by balancing the redox properties of zeolites. The calculated Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor indicated that the resultant mesoporous MEL zeolites achieved a high catalyst utilization degree with negligible diffusion constraints. A novel reaction coordination and diffusion intensification coupling technology was developed by tuning the redox properties of zeolites and mitigating the diffusion limitation, which could accurately modulate the catalytic performance of the catalysts and improve the utilization efficiency of zeolites in the alkylation of aromatics.

The Analysis of the present work is related to study involved in investigation of excess thermal acoustic parameters and their Redlich Kister Coefficients at different temperatures and all these are analyzed in liquid mixtures containing three functional material combinations namely (Aniline mixed with Toluene), (Aniline mixed with o-Xylene) and (Aniline mixed with Mesitylene). The obtained excess values of acoustical parameters namely Gibb’s free energy (G*E) , enthalpy (HE) and internal pressure (πE) have been computed from measured experimental data . The results have also been helpful to obtain Redlich-Kister coefficients from polynomial equation and also to obtain their deviations. Excess thermo-acoustical parameters are discussed along with Redlich-Kister coefficients generally for the study of interactions among the molecules of liquid species and they are analyzed at known temperatures range from 303.15 K to 318.15 K with variation of 5 K temperature interval for each study.

ion of a pyridine ligand from Weiss’ reagent ([PhI(Pyr)2]2+) using BF3-Et2O was found to activate Weiss’ reagent towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The activated species can be isolated when 4-DMAP is used as the pyridine ligand and was determined to be [PhI(4-DMAP)]2+ in solution. The isolated cation was reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions towards mesitylene, xylene and toluene that Weiss’ reagent itself does not react with.

A dinuclear molecular cadmium phosphonate, [Cd2(H4tpmm)2(Hpybim)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (1·2H2O), emitting strong luminescence in both solid-state and suspension phases was synthesized by the reaction of Cd(ClO4)2, 2,4,6-tris(phosphorylmethyl)mesitylene (H6tpmm), and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (Hpybim) via the slow diffusion of reactants. Complex 1·2H2O showed very poor solubility but high chemical stability in common organic solvents and H2O. Furthermore, 1·2H2O also revealed good thermal stability upon heating to 325 °C. Luminescence detection on a series of phenolic analytes within 5 min response time showed that bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol B (BPB) significantly reduced the luminescence intensity of 1·2H2O in water, with the quenching efficiencies of 77 and 71%, respectively, while bisphenol Z (BPZ) moderately quenched the luminescence of 1·2H2O in water by 52%. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant, Ksv, and the limit of detection (LOD) were determined to be 1931 M−1 and 12.8 μM for BPAF, 515 M−1 and 14.6 μM for BPB, and 2269 M−1 and 3.0 μM for BPZ. In addition, 1·2H2O behaving as a luminescence sensor has an exclusive detection for BPAF, BPB, and BPZ over a wide range of interfering phenolic analytes, with the exception of dopamine toward BPB. This work demonstrates a highly water-stable molecular cadmium phosphonate suitable for the luminescence detection of bisphenols, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, especially BPAF and BPB, in water.

(Ferrocenylmethyl)phosphane (1) oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur and grey selenium produced (ferrocenylmethyl)phosphane oxide 1O, sulfide 1S and selenide 1Se, respectively, as the first isolable primary phosphane chalcogenides lacking steric protection. At elevated temperatures, compound 1O disproportionated into 1 and (ferrocenylmethyl)phosphinic acid. In reactions with [(η6 -mes)RuCl2 ]2 , 1O underwent tautomerization into a phosphane complex [(η6 -mes)RuCl2 {FcCH2 PH(OH)-κP}], whereas 1S and 1Se lost their P-bound chalcogen atoms, giving rise to the phosphane complex [(η6 -mes)RuCl2 (FcCH2 PH2 -κP)] (Fc=ferrocenyl, mes=mesitylene). No tautomerization was observed in the reaction of 1O with B(C6 F5 )3 , which instead produced a Lewis pair FcCH2 P(O)H2 -B(C6 F5 )3 . Phosphane oxide 1O added to C=O bonds of aldehydes and ketones and even to cumulenes PhNCE (E=O and S). However, both PH hydrogens were only employed in the reactions with aldehydes and cyanates.

International audience; The mechanically assisted synthesis of organic compounds has recently focused considerable attention as it may be unique in features to selectively direct the reaction pathway. In the continuation of our work on the synthesis of modified cyclodextrins (CDs) via mechanochemical activation, we sought to discriminate the contribution of supramolecular effects and grinding during the course of a reaction in the solid state. As such, we recently investigated the influence of the particle size of β-CD in the synthesis of β-CD mesitylene sulfonate (β-CDMts) in the solid state using a vibrating ball-mill. We were particularly interested in the role of the particle size on the kinetics of the reaction. In this study, we show that grinding β-CD reduces the particles size over time down to a limit of 167 nm. The granulometric composition remains rather invariant for grinding times over 1 h. Each type of β-CD particles reacted with mesitylenesulfonyl chloride (MtsCl) to produce β-CDMts. Contrary to what could be intuitively anticipated, smaller particles did not lead to the highest conversions. The impact of grinding on the conversion was limited. Interestingly, the proportion of β-CDMts mono-substituted on the primary face significantly increased over time when the reaction was carried out in the presence of KOH as a base. The data series were confronted with kinetics models to get insight in the way the reactions proceeded. The diversity of possible models suggests that multiple mechanochemical processes can account for the formation of β-CDMts in the solid state. Throughout the study, we found that the reactivity depended more upon diffusion phenomena in the crystalline parts of the material than on the increase in the surface area of the CD particles resulting from grinding.

Electrocatalysis plays a vital role in industrial processes like electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile, anodic substitution and addition, electrolytic oxidative/reductive coupling and electrolysis of heterocyclic compounds. Electrocatalysts with suitable size and shape selectivity for reactants, reactant intermediates and products increase their selectivity. Zeolites are the most common vehicles for size-/shape-selective heterogeneous catalysts, but their lack of electronic conductivity vitiates their use in electrocatalysis. In this context, we explore the effectiveness of carbon derived from the zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF), which possesses both electronic conductivity and structural selectivity for electrocatalytic oxidative coupling of mesitylene to bimesityl. Co-ZIF synthesized by facile solvothermal method was heated in an inert atmosphere and acid-leached to remove Co in order to generate C-based structured material. Further, Pd acting as a catalyst was deposited inside the pore walls of the obtained C scaffold by electroless deposition to derive pore sizes ranging between the molecular size of the particular product. Controlling the pore size of metastructured electrocatalyst at ~ 16 A allows only bimesityl formation, and restricts any larger sized by-product. Metastructured electrocatalyst showed ~ 18 times higher selective conversion for the desired bimesityl production than the planar Pd film electrocatalyst, demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach.

Toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene were cleanly converted to their corresponding monoaldehydes via mild photooxygenation utilizing transition metal and main group β-CF3-substituted corroles. Aldehyde yield increased as more electron-donating CH3 groups are present on the substrate. 4-P was most efficient (TON ∼ 1072, mesitylene) via the singlet oxygen vis the superoxide mechanism.

The combination of 4-phenyl substituted pyrazolate ligand, LEt(Ph)H (4-phenyl-3,5-diethyl-1-pyrazole) with coinage metal(I) salts gave cyclic structures, [CuLEt(Ph)]3, {[AgLEt(Ph)]3}2, and [AuLEt(P...

A short, enantioselective synthesis of (-)-maximiscin, a structurally intriguing metabolite of mixed biosynthetic origin, is reported. A retrosynthetic analysis predicated on maximizing ideality and efficiency led to several unusual disconnections and tactics. Formation of the central highly oxidized pyridone ring through a convergent coupling at the end of the synthesis simplified the route considerably. The requisite building blocks could be prepared from feedstock materials (derived from shikimate and mesitylene). Strategies rooted in hidden symmetry recognition, C-H functionalization, and radical retrosynthesis played key roles in developing this concise route.

The flexible host framework of a perfluorinated mononuclear copper complex, [Cu(L1 )2 ] (1, HL1 =3-hydroxy-1,3-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-2-propen-1-one), with a CuO4 core reversibly encapsulated several organic guest molecules through electrostatic interactions in its crystals. Hence, the corresponding dinuclear complex, [Cu2 (L2 )2 ] (2, H2 L2 =1,5-dihydroxy-1,5-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one), was prepared to enhance guest recognition and the ability to separate molecular mixtures. Complex 2 comprises a Cu2 O6 core and four pentafluorophenyl groups. In crystal 2, cavities are formed on the axial sites of the metal core that are surrounded by pentafluorophenyl groups. The crystal of 2 encapsulates various guest molecules, that is, benzene (3), toluene (4), xylene (5), mesitylene (6), durene (7), and anisole (8). X-ray crystallographic and thermogravimetric (TG) studies show that three guest molecules are present in the crystal cavities. The number of guest molecules found in complex 2 was higher than that in complex 1, for example, (2)3 ⋅(6)10 >1⋅(6)2 , (2)2 ⋅(7)7 >1⋅7, or 2⋅(8)3 >1⋅(8)2 . Naphthalene (9), was encapsulated in 2 to give 2⋅(9)3 , but not in 1. In the crystal of complex 2, heteromolecular guest encapsulation was confirmed, designated as 2⋅(3)2 ⋅9. TG analysis indicates that the thermal stability of the guest-included crystals of 2 is higher than that of 1.

In the presence of an iridium catalyst bearing DTBM-SEGPHOS as a ligand and tert-butylethylene as a hydrogen scavenger, 2-ethyl-N-methylanilines were converted directly to 3-methylindoles in high yields. The reaction proceeded efficiently in mesitylene at 150 °C through transfer dehydrogenation of the ethyl group and following intramolecular dehydrogenative C–H/C–H coupling of the N-methyl group with the vinyl group formed in situ. The iridium catalyst system was applied to the asymmetric conversion affording enantioenriched indolines bearing a quaternary stereogenic carbon center at the C3 position.

The present study evaluated the abortifacient potential of aqueous-acetone extract of Adenopus breviflorus Benth Seed on the reproductive health of matured female albino rats by monitoring the indices of dysfunctions in reproductive system. Prior to the conduction of the fertility studies, the oral acute toxicity of the seed extract was evaluated for autonomic, behavioral and neurological changes, within 24 h to determine the LD50.The influence of aqueous-acetone extract of Adenopus breviflorus Benth Seed was evaluated for antioxidant, reproductive hormones and histology of uteri tissues primarily to monitor effects in female fertility. Female rats exhibiting thick clump of spermatozoa in their vaginal smear were randomly selected and used for the study to determine the abortifacient activity of the seed extract. Parameters such as number of live and dead fetuses, anogenital distance (AGD) and crown rump length (CRL), and the variation in birth weight of liters and gestation period between control and experimental animals were determined. The phytochemical composition of the seed extract was characterized by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry for the identification of phytochemical of toxic or therapeutic effects. Symptoms similar to clinical toxicity such as salivation, respiratory distress, weight loss and change in appearance of hair were noticed at concentrations above 1600 mg/kg BWT, there was no maternal mortality at any period of the experiment. There were changes in the behavioural, neurological and autonomic profile in groups with doses greater than 1600 mg/kg BWT. The LD50 evaluation showed that the aqueous-acetone extract of the seed was safe at dose of 5000 mg/kg BWT. The GC–MS characterization of the aqueous-acetone seed revealed isomeric derivatives of benzene-mesitylene and pseudocumene 4.28 g/100 g of sample) and 5.85 g/100 g of sample respectively as most predominant phytochemicals in the seed extract which demonstrated maternal toxicity. The effects on the female reproductive hormones of the treated animals revealed that FSH, LH and prolactin were significantly reduced (p

The effects of sequential n-doping on a high-electron-mobility naphthalene-diimide-based copolymer poly[(N,N′-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-(selenophene-2,5-diyl)-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)-(selenophene-2,5-diyl)], PNBS, are reported. Grazing-incidence XRD measurements show that PNBS doped with 2,2′-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1,1′,3,3′-tetramethyl-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole, (N-DMBI)2, has increased order relative to both the pristine polymer and a film doped with ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene dimer. Films of PNBS optimally doped with (N-DMBI)2 show electrical conductivities approaching 2 mS cm−1 in air. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements suggest that the polaronic charge carriers are highly localized, which is consistent with the moderate conductivity values obtained.

Doped-ZnO nanoparticles, capped with dioctylphosphinate ligands, are synthesised by the controlled hydrolysis of a mixture of organometallic precursors. Substitutional doping of the wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with 5 mol% Mg(II), Al(III) and Cu(I) is achieved by the addition of sub-stoichiometric amounts of the appropriate dopant [(n-butyl)(sec-butyl)magnesium, triethylaluminium or mesitylcopper] to diethylzinc in the precursor mixture. After hydrolysis, the resulting colloidal nanoparticles (sizes of 2–3 nm) are characterised by powder X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A solution of the doped-ZnO nanoparticles and colloidal Cu(0) nanoparticles [M:ZnO : Cu = 1 : 1] are applied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol in a liquid-phase continuous flow stirred tank reactor [210 °C, 50 bar, CO2 : H2 = 1 : 3, 150 mL min−1, mesitylene, 20 h]. All the catalyst systems display higher rates of methanol production and better stability than a benchmark heterogeneous catalyst, Cu–ZnO–Al2O3 [480 μmol mmolmetal−1 h−1], with approximately twice the activity for the Al(III)-doped nanocatalyst. Despite outperforming the benchmark catalyst, Mg(II) doping is detrimental towards methanol production in comparison to undoped ZnO. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the most active post-catalysis samples implicate the migration of Al(III) to the catalyst surface, and this surface enrichment is proposed to facilitate stabilisation of the catalytic ZnO/Cu interfaces.

A facile and scaled-up synthesis route to efficient and environment-friendly metal oxide catalysts with desirable properties is of great practical importance, owing to their excellent performance as heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis. Herein, a novel amorphous Fe2O3 modified Mn3O4 catalyst (Fe5Mn5-100) has been prepared by adopting a simple co-precipitation method following low temperature baking. Fe5Mn5-100 showed exceptionally high catalytic activity for the atom-economic production of imine from benzyl alcohol with aniline, giving a 98% imine yield at 60 °C in only 3 h, which is higher than all of the reported non-noble and noble metal catalysts. Importantly, Fe5Mn5-100 could still exhibit extraordinary catalytic performance on a large-scale reaction without any solvent, including the frequently used toxic mesitylene, xylene or toluene. Interestingly, the amorphous Fe2O3-100 provided no catalytic activity, and pure Mn3O4-100 showed very inferior catalytic activity towards this reaction. Further detailed characterizations and experimental results revealed that amorphous Fe2O3 plays an important role in expediting the [O] transfer cycle of Mn3+/Mn2+ in Mn3O4, and enhances the oxidation ability and acidity of Fe5Mn5-100. This discovery would provide a new avenue for the atom-economic and environment-friendly industrial synthesis of imine.

Binary liquid mixture containing aniline and Mesitylene is used to obtain ultrasonic velocities and densities over the entire mole fraction range of aniline at temperatures T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K. Temperature dependent acoustical parameters have been calculated from the experimentally measured values. Molecular association between the components of liquid mixture has been discussed on the basis of the temperature dependent acoustical parameters. From the recorded FTIR spectra, the non-ideal behavior of the liquid mixture studied was explained simultaneously on the basis of the C–H, N–H, C–N bond stretching. The variations in molecular interactions have been well supported by the computed values of surface tension.

Electrochemical alkylations of a [60]fulleroindoline with different bulky alkyl bromides exhibit different reaction behaviors. The hydroalkylation and dialkylation of the electrochemically generated dianionic [60]fulleroindoline with bulky 2,4,6-tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene give rise to 1,2,3,16-adducts. In comparison, the hydroalkylation of the dianionic [60]fulleroindoline with bulkier diphenylbromomethane still affords a 1,2,3,16-adduct, while the corresponding dialkylation provides a sterically favoured 1,4,9,12-adduct, which is scarcely investigated, as the major product along with the isomeric 1,2,3,16-adduct as the minor product. The structures of these products have been determined by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain the formation of the observed products.

We report the production of fullerene microtubes (FMTs), having solid cores bisecting their tubular cavities, from solutions of mixtures of fullerene C60 and C70 and have demonstrated the structural transformation of FMTs to fullerene microhorns (FMHs) upon their exposure to alcohol/mesitylene mixtures at 25 °C. The conically shaped microhorns have hollow interiors and exhibit preferential recognition of silica particles over fullerene C70, polystyrene (PS) latex, PS hydroxylate, or PS carboxylate particles of similar dimensions due to strong electrostatic interactions between negatively charged FMHs and positively charged silica particles.

N-doped porous carbon-based materials (NPCMs) with hierarchical pore structures have been considered to be a suitable alternative to meet the ever-increasing demands for supercapacitors; however, the universally low yield of the NPCMs has restricted their practical applications. Herein, a series of NPCMs with hierarchical pore structures are synthesized with significantly increased yields through the carbonization of the copolymer made from 2,4,6-tris(chloromethyl)mesitylene and p-phenylenediamine. The development of the hierarchical pore structures and the N content of the NPCMs show opposite dependences on the increasing carbonization temperature. The NPCM exhibits the best capacitive ability only if the sufficiently developed hierarchical structures and moderate N content are achieved simultaneously. Therefore, NPCM-600 that is carbonized at 600 °C with an excellent yield of 53.6% (wt.), large specific surface area of 1778 m2 g−1, and N content of 4.13% (wt.) yields an ideal specific capacitance of 298 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and a perfect cycling stability of the capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The yield of the NPCM-600 is considerably higher than those for many other recently reported NPCMs. NPCM-600 also shows better capacitance than those of the other reported NPCMs, such as NOPC-bis-CN-3 (167 F g−1) and CHCPB-K-600 (260 F g−1).

Renewable arenes and aromatic alcohols can be derived from lignocellulose by biorefineries, which has been considered as a sustainable alternative to replace petrochemical feedstocks in the synthesis of monobenzylation products, key industrial intermediates, via benzylation reactions. Zeolites with micropores are the most widely used catalysts in the benzylation of arenes, however, their performance suffers from diffusion limitations in converting large arenes. In this work, mesoporous and microporous H–Beta zeolites were prepared and applied in the systematic study of benzylation of arenes (benzene, toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene) with benzyl alcohol (BA). The porous structure of these zeolites has been confirmed by XRD, BET and TEM techniques. The catalytically active Bronsted acid sites (BAS) were determined by quantitative 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The benzylation studies have shown that introducing mesopores into H–Beta zeolites can significantly increase the diffusion/access of arenes to surface sites, particularly for bulky arenes (e.g. mesitylene), while micropores are mainly selective for the conversion of small arenes (e.g. benzene). Increasing the nucleophilicity of arenes with more alkyl groups can enhance their catalytic performance in mesopores, however, the increase hinders their conversion in micropores because of the shape selectivity due to their increasing molecular size. Compared to mesopores, micropores promote the conversion of small arenes (e.g. benzene), which can be additionally enhanced by a high Bronsted acidity. Therefore, introducing a suitable porosity balanced with acidity are keys in the tailoring of the catalytic performance of H-Beta zeolites for target benzylation reactions.

The direct reactions of the large terphenyl thiols HSAriPr4 (AriPr4= -C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) and HSAriPr6 (AriPr6= -C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2) with stoichiometric amounts of mesitylcopper(I) in THF at ca. 80 °C afforded the first well-characterized dimeric copper thiolato species {CuSAriPr4}2 (1) and {CuSAriPr6}2 (2) with elimination of mesitylene. The complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by NMR and electronic spectroscopy as well as by X-ray crystallography. They have dimeric Cu2S2 core structures in which the two copper atoms are bridged by the sulfurs from the thiolato ligands and feature short Cu--Cu distances near 2.4 A as well as a weak copper-flanking aryl ring interaction from a terphenyl substituent. The structures of the planar Cu2S2 cores bear a resemblance to the CuA site in nitrous oxide reductase in which two cysteines also bridge two copper atoms. The related dimeric Li2S2 structural motif was also observed in the lithium congeners {LiSAriPr4}2 (3) and {LiSAriPr6}2 (4) which were synthesized directly from the thiols and n-BuLi in hexanes. However, despite the very similar effective ionic radii of the Li+ (0.59 A) and Cu+ (0.60 A) ions, the Li--Li structures display very much longer (by more than ca. 0.5 A) separations than the corresponding Cu--Cu distances in 1 and 2, which may be due to weaker dispersion interactions.

Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) have excellent optical performance, such as ultranarrow emission, due to strong quantum confinement in the vertical direction. However, there are few reports on metal halide perovskite CQWs with high-purity red emission (∼630 nm) for the display application, owing to the broadened photoluminescence spectrum and beyond the red emission range. Herein, we successfully synthesize high-quality CsPbI3 CQWs in a strong electronegative solvent (mesitylene), which cut the chemical reaction rate of the precursor system to slow down the crystal nuclei growth. The number of PbI64- octahedral layers (n) of CQWs can be regulated to achieve the emission of the CQW shift from orange (596 nm, n = 3) to red (626 nm, n = 4). The pure-red-emitting CQWs have a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 99% and a narrow emission bandwidth (28 nm). The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates (0.69, 0.31) meet the requirement of the Rec. 2020 standard.

Herein we introduce a transition-metal-free protocol that involves a commercially available, inexpensive pyrazole molecule to conduct C-C cross-coupling reactions at room temperature via a radical pathway. Using this method, an aryldiazonium salt has been coupled to a wide range of arenes and heteroarenes including benzene, mesitylene, thiophene, furan, benzoxazole to result the corresponding biaryl products. The full reaction mechanism is elucidated along with the crystallographic probation of an active initiator species. A potassium-stabilized deprotonated pyrazole steers single-electron transfer to the substrate and behaves as an initiator for the reaction.

Nanocomposite sensors were prepared using carbon soot (CNPs), nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs), and cellulose acetate (CA), which was used to detect and study the sensing mechanism of mesitylene vapour at room temperature. Synthesised materials were characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. Various sensors were prepared using individual nanomaterials (NiO-NPs, CNPs, and CA), binary combinations of the nanomaterials (CNPs-NiO, CNPs-CA, and NiO-CA), and ternary composites (NiO-CNPs-CA). Among all of the prepared and tested sensors, the ternary nanocomposites (NiO-CNPs-CA) were found to be the most sensitive for the detection of mesitylene, with acceptable response recovery times. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with an LCR meter revealed that the mesitylene decomposes into carbon dioxide.

Here, we report the fabrication of nanofibrous air-filtration membranes of intrinsically microporous polyimide with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The membranes successfully captured VOCs from air. Two polyimides with surface areas up to 500 m2 g−1 were synthesized, and the impact of the porosity on the sorption kinetics and capacity of the nanofibers were investigated. Two Zr-based MOFs, namely pristine UiO-66 (1071 m2 g−1) and defective UiO-66 (1582 m2 g−1), were embedded into the nanofibers to produce nanocomposite materials. The nanofibers could remove polar formaldehyde and non-polar toluene, xylene, and mesitylene from air. The highest sorption capacity with 214 mg g−1 was observed for xylene, followed by mesitylene (201 mg g−1), toluene (142 mg g−1), and formaldehyde (124 mg g−1). The incorporation of MOFs drastically improved the sorption performance of the fibers produced from low-surface-area polyimide. Time-dependent sorption tests revealed the rapid sequestration of air pollutants owing to the intrinsic porosity of the polyimides and the MOF fillers. The porosity allowed the rapid diffusion of pollutants into the inner fiber matrix. The molecular level interactions between VOCs and polymer/MOFs were clarified by molecular modeling studies. The practicality of material fabrication and the applicability of the material were assessed through the modification of industrial N95 dust masks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of the synergistic combination of intrinsically microporous polyimides and MOFs in the form of electrospun nanofibrous membranes and their application for VOC removal.

ion of a pyridine ligand from Weiss’ reagent ([PhI(Pyr)2]2+) using BF3-Et2O was found to activate Weiss’ reagent towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The activated species can be isolated when 4-DMAP is used as the pyridine ligand and was determined to be a [PhI(4-DMAP)]2+ in solution, and is associated with a triflate counterion in the solid state. The isolated cation was reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions towards mesitylene, xylene and toluene that Weiss’ reagent itself does not react with. If pyridine is used as the ligand the intermediate that results from abstraction cannot be isolated but is even more active, being observed to react with benzene.

Previously published experimental viscosity data at low density, originally obtained using all-quartz oscillating-disk viscometers for R134a and six vapors of aromatic hydrocarbons in the temperature range between 297 K and 631 K at most, were re-evaluated after an improved re-calibration. The relative combined expanded ($$k=2$$ k = 2 ) uncertainty of the re-evaluated data are 0.2 % near room temperature and increases to 0.3 % at higher temperatures. The re-evaluated data for R134a as well as for the vapors of mesitylene, durene, diphenyl, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and p-dichlorobenzene were arranged in approximately isothermal groups and converted into quasi-isothermal viscosity data using a first-order Taylor series in temperature. Then, the data for R134a were evaluated by means of a series expansion truncated at first order to obtain the zero density and initial density viscosity coefficients, $$\eta ^{(0)}$$ η ( 0 ) and $$\eta ^{(1)}$$ η ( 1 ) . For the six aromatic vapors, the Rainwater–Friend theory for the initial density dependence of the viscosity was used to derive $$\eta ^{(0)}$$ η ( 0 ) values. Finally, reliable $$\eta ^{(0)}$$ η ( 0 ) and also $$\eta ^{(1)}$$ η ( 1 ) values for R134a were selected as reference values in the measured temperature range to be applied when generating a new viscosity formulation.

Direct exfoliation of layered zeolites into solutions of monolayers has remained unresolved since the 1990s. Recently, zeolite MCM-56 with the MWW topology (layers denoted mww) has been exfoliated directly in high yield by soft-chemical treatment with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH). This has enabled preparation of zeolite-based hierarchical materials and intimate composites with other active species that are unimaginable via the conventional solid-state routes. The extension to other frameworks, which provides broader benefits, diversified activity, and functionality, is not routine and requires finding suitable synthesis formulations, viz. compositions and conditions, of the layered zeolites themselves. This article reports exfoliation and characterization of layers with ferrierite-related structure, denoted bifer, having rectangular lattice constants like those of the FER and CDO zeolites, and thickness of approximately 2 nm, which is twice that of the so-called fer layer. Several techniques were combined to prove the exfoliation, supported by simulations: AFM; in-plane, in situ, and powder X-ray diffraction; TEM; and SAED. The results confirmed (i) the structure and crystallinity of the layers without unequivocal differentiation between the FER and CDO topologies and (ii) uniform thickness in solution (monodispersity), ruling out significant multilayered particles and other impurities. The bifer layers are zeolitic with Bronsted acid sites, demonstrated catalytic activity in the alkylation of mesitylene with benzyl alcohol, and intralayer pores visible in TEM. The practical benefits are demonstrated by the preparation of unprecedented intimately mixed zeolite composites with the mww, with activity greater than the sum of the components despite high content of inert silica as pillars.

Secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is a direct mass spectrometry technique, which can identify trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in real time without sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation. SESI-HRMS has been successfully applied in multiple applications, including breath analysis, animals and plants VOCs emissions, analysis of headspace of cell cultures and indoor and outdoor air. The range of areas where the technique can potentially have a substantial impact is very broad. However, one critical aspect that requires further development to consolidate the technique is absolute quantification. Therefore, in this study we aim to develop a quantitative method for eight representative VOCs, including ketones (acetone, 2-butanone and 2-pentanone), alkenes (isoprene and α-terpinene) and aromatics (toluene, styrene and mesitylene). The mass spectrometric platform includes a commercial SESI source hyphenated with a Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometer. Within the concentration range of 0–100 ppbv studied, the optimal coefficient of determination for linear regression (R2 = 0.993–0.999) between signal intensity and concentration is obtained in the range of 0–10 ppbv for all eight VOCs. The detection limits range between 3 (2-Pentanone) and 15 (Acetone) pptv. The intra-day (n = 10) and inter-day (n = 30) coefficients of variation (CV) are ≤ 6% and ≤10%, respectively. Finally the method is applied for the fast evaluation (

—The condensation of acetone under supercritical conditions was studied at different temperatures, pressures, and densities in a static mode. The high yield of mesitylene under the given conditions and its easy isolation from the reaction mixture made it possible to propose a new method for its preparation.

Bis(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetra­chloridoaluminate(III), [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][AlCl4] (1), bis(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetrabromido­aluminate(III), [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][AlBr4] (2) and (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetraiodidoaluminate(III), [1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3Ga][AlI4] (3) were synthesized from the corresponding subvalent GaI/AlIII mixed metal halides and characterized via C,H analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc isotypic to [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][GaCl4]. For 2 and 3 the monoclinic space group P21/n is found, however, they are neither isotypic nor homotypic. While 2 is isotypic to [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2In][InBr4], 3 establishes a new structure type. In the solids of all three title compounds coordination polymeric chains are found, in 1 and 2 built up from bis(arene)-coordinated, in 3 from mono(arene)-coordinated Ga+ ions and the corresponding AlX 4 − anions in a 1κCl:2κCl′ (1), 1κCl,Cl′:2κCl″ (2) or 1κCl,Cl′:2κCl″:3κCl‴ (3) bridging mode. Taking into account the weaker coordinating character of the AlCl4 − as compared to the AlBr4 − anion, in line with expectations the number of gallium halogen contacts is increased and the strength of the π-arene bonding is reduced in the bromide 2 as compared to the chloride 1. Finally, with the even more strongly coordinating AlI4 − anion the arene coordination is limited to one molecule. Considering mesitylene complexes of gallium, the formation of a mono(arene) complex is unprecedented and even considering group 13 elements in general, the formation of a mono(mesitylene) complex like 3 is unusual. Furthermore, compound 3 is the first structurally characterized arene solvate of a main group metal tetraiodidometallate.