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River water quality modeling needs appropriate and suitable coefficients especially in application for specific river like urban river. Aim: This study aims to determine the value of the coefficient with a short term duration and a variable test time span. Several ways and methods of determining the rate of deoxygenation are developed according to the characteristics of the river and the environment. Modification method was applied in this research in which the test time span was unequal. The river chosen in this study is the Citepus River, Bandung, Indonesia representing an urban river in a tropical country. Methodology and Results: Sampling was carried out in the dry season. The laboratory analysis method used in determining the rate of deoxygenation uses the Slope Method of data from the short term incubation, which is ten days. The results showed that the Thomas Slope method's deoxygenation rate (K1) was 0.095 per day in the upstream segment, 0.917 per day in the middle segment, and 0.180 per day in the downstream segment. While the Ultimate BOD (La) value is 46.95 mg/l in the upstream segment, 38.70 mg/l in the middle segment, and 37.60 mg/l in the downstream segment. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The results of this study show that the value of the deoxygenation rate is similar to the theoretical surface water conditions. However, in the upstream segment, there is still a low deoxygenation rate value due to non-optimal activity of microorganisms. This findings will be very useful both in water quality modeling and river management.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal two-dimensional fundamental sonosalpingography (2D-FS) combined with saline infusion pelvic sonosalpingography (SIPS) for assessing fimbrial part's morphology and function of the fallopian tubes. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine cases underwent 2D-FS combined with SIPS. Among them, 18 cases received laparoscopy and dye test (LDT) within 3 months after the examination and the results were regarded as reference standard. Results Excluding proximal or middle segment obstructed tubes, the remaining fimbrial parts' display rate by using 2D-FS combined with SIPS was 75.1%. According to the ultrasonic appearance, the fimbrial parts were classified into 4 types: normal, abnormal, suspected abnormal, and unclassifiable. Normal fimbrial parts accounted for 73.8% when the tubes were patent; abnormal fimbrial parts accounted for 74.1% when the tubes were partial obstructed; all became abnormal when the tubes were distal complete obstructed. The fimbrial parts which had been classified by 2D-FS combined with SIPS were compared with LDT further. This combination's accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Youden's index (YI) were 86.4, 87.5, 85.7, 77.8, 92.3, and 0.73%, respectively. The result of consistency analysis showed the combination was essentially consistent with LDT result (Kappa = 0.713). Conclusion 2D-FS combined with SIPS can be a preferred method for assessment of the fimbrial part's morphology and function, with its advantages of non-invasive, intuition, and accuracy. This combination could provide an objective imaging basis for choosing clinical treatment strategies and predicting prognosis.

With improvement in arthroscopic techniques, partial meniscectomy with repair for symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) has been the preferred treatment to restore meniscal function. It was reported that DLM exhibited deformation and extrusion shortly after saucerization with repair. Therefore it is desirable to minimize removal of the DLM. The anterior zone of the DLM is often tighter than that of the normal meniscus and anatomic variant. It is considered that the anterior and anterocentral dislocation types in the majority of symptomatic DLM can be related to both peripheral instability and anterior tightness. We present a technique that, first, the inside-out repair technique is applied from the posterior to middle segment of the DLM; next, the tension of the anterior zone during knee flexion–extension is confirmed to determine the released amount of that part; and, finally, all sutures are tied to reproduce the normal meniscus movement. Meniscus repair with anterior cord release without any meniscectomy could resolve peripheral instability of DLM and prevent degeneration of the articular cartilage., Technique Video Video 1 We present a technique that meniscus repair with anterior cord release for peripheral tear type of discoid lateral meniscus. First, diagnostic arthroscopy is performed. Left knee view from the anterolateral portal in a 9-year-old girl. We identify the tear site and instability by careful probing, and then locking, popping, and abnormal movement of discoid lateral meniscus during knee flexion–extension are examined. In addition, meniscus tear or peripheral instability are analyzed according to their location, type, and size. A probe from the anteromedial portal is inserted, and the thick fibers posterior to the anterior horn of the discoid lateral meniscus are identified. View from the anteromedial portal. The probe shows the border of thick fibers of the free edge of the meniscus and the fiber with straight arrangement to attachment on the tibia. First, vertical divergent suturing was performed on the superior and inferior surfaces of the discoid lateral meniscus from the posterior segment using suture with a Henning needle. At this time, the suture is not tied but left so that the tension of suture can be subsequently adjusted. A scalpel is inserted from the anterolateral portal to gradually release the free end of the meniscus, and tension is applied to the suture. There is instability in the midbody of the meniscus, a far anteromedial portal is created and sutured in the same way without knot tying. When the meniscus is reduced posteriorly and laterally, the released part is opened, and a smooth line is drawn The degree of release is determined by observing meniscus movement while applying tension to the untied suture. Tension in each suture and meniscus movement is confirmed arthroscopically; then, the sutures are tied. We confirm that normal movement of the lateral meniscus during knee flexion–extension can be reproduced and that dislocation does not occur. Repaired discoid lateral meniscus move posterior in knee flexion and anterior in knee extension. View from the anteromedial portal: the repaired discoid lateral meniscus looks like a normal meniscus with a crescent shape.

Yakimenko V. V. Clinical and prognostic value of TAMX index of interlobar arteries of the middle segment in patients after allograph kidney transplantation in the late postoperative period. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(11):171-181. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.11.016 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.11.016 https://zenodo.org/record/4282981 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.10.2020. Revised: 30.10.2020. Accepted: 20.11.2020. CLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF TAMX INDEX OF INTERLOBAR ARTERIES OF THE MIDDLE SEGMENT IN PATIENTS AFTER ALLOGRAPH KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN THE LATE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD V. V. Yakimenko State Institution "Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Vintera blvd., Zaporozhye, Ukraine, 69096 ORCID: 0000-0002-8867-6501 diagnostica@mail.ua Abstract Introduction. Kidney transplantation has become the best treatment for patients with end-stage of chronic renal failure. The issues of studying the causes and mechanisms of the development of renal transplant dysfunction in the late postoperative period, the search for high-precision minimally invasive methods for early diagnosis of renal transplant dysfunction remain relevant, since this largely determines the further normal functioning of the organ and prognosis for the patient. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic value of the time-averaged peak velocity (TAMX) index of the interlobar arteries of the middle segment in patients after allograft transplantation in the long-term postoperative period. Material and research methods. For the period 2014-2015 ultrasound scan of renal grafts were performed in 26 patients with creatinine levels within the normative values. The average age of recipients in this group was 31.4 ± 1.67 years. Among the recipients there were 15 men (57.7%), 11 women (42.3%). Living related kidney transplantation (LRKT) were performed in 61.54% of patients, in 38.46% – cadaveric kidney transplantation (CKT). In all patients, the plasma creatinine level met the standard value or exceeded them by no more than 25%, fluctuating on average from 94 to 130 μmol / L, averaging 114.5 ± 3.85 μmol / L. The second study is based on the results of ultrasound scan of renal transplants in 26 patients with creatinine levels exceeding the standard values for the period 2015-2016. The average age of recipients in this group was 38.99 ± 2.32 (34.35-43.62) years. There were 14 men (53.84%) among the recipients, and 12 women (46.16%). LRKT were performed in 6 patients, in 20 – CKT. In all patients the plasma creatinine level was above normal values, fluctuating on average from 155 to 629 μmol / L, averaging 259.46 ± 35.33 μmol / L. The groups were comparable in terms of the main clinical and demographic parameters. Results. The method for predicting complications by the level of TAMX of the interlobar arteries of the middle segment of the kidneys during Doppler ultrasonography of the renal blood flow ( The interdependence between the TAMX of the interlobar arteries of the middle segment and serum creatinine, which is gradually regressing in a parabola, shows that more than half of the entire variance of the creatininemia sign can be associated with a change in the TAMX indicator (as a sign of deterioration in the renal blood flow of the graft), and the largest "failure" of the function were observed in the range from 12 to 15 cm / s TAMX, where in the overwhelming majority of cases (about 80%) there were impaired renal hemodynamics and the available laboratory markers of impaired renal function (creatinine above 200 μmol / l). Conclusions. A reliable prognostic value of TAMX of interlobar arteries (middle segment) was shown in spectral Doppler ultrasonography of renal blood flow in a priori assessment of the risk of developing post-transplant nephropathy, which allows us to consider it as a cumulative predictor of an unfavorable prognosis and a potential factor not only for the formation of graft dysfunction, but also for rejection in the late postoperative period. Key words: logistic regression; late graft dysfunction; pulsation index; Wald test; Doppler ultrasound.

The coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is not a frequent condition in the catheterization laboratory. The management is uncertain. Most of the cases, the treatment is surgical with good results. In smaller aneurysm, the use of covered stents is an alternative. This is an anterograde approach CTO (chronic total occlusion) case of a middle segment RCA (right coronary artery) with a thrombosed coronary aneurysm. This was occluded due to thrombus as a result of a STEMI five months ago. In this case, we used a covered stent with good results in follow up to five months.

Twist beam suspension systems are usually used in middle segment vehicles due to certain advantages. Researchers have presented many studies on both lightweight and functional twist beam design. In this paper, an optimization study is presented for enhancing the conceptual design of the twist beam by defining design variables along the twist beam as subject to vehicle handling conditions.Toe and camber angles are essential parameters that determine vehicle behavior during maneuvering. In this study, opposite wheel travel analysis is performed to represent maneuvering behavior. Therefore, while the optimization study is presented in the form of weight reduction, it is aimed to keep the toe and camber angles at certain intervals. Ant lion optimizer and mothflame optimization methods, which are population-based optimization methods, are used in the optimization phase to evaluate the performance of the new algorithms as compared with genetic algorithm in terms of robustness and correctness in the case of twist beam design. A two stage approach is introduced for presenting the optimization model and analysis. In the first stage, design space is created via the Latin hypercube method; the mathematical model is obtained via the least squares regression method. Finally, the mathematical model is solved to enhance twist beam conceptual design using recently developed population based optimization algorithms.

Purpose This article aims to present all aspects regarding patient selection, planning, and implantation technique for a new off-the-shelf pre-cannulated multi-inner branch stent graft. The stent graft comes in 4 different versions with proximal diameters of 33 and 38 mm and distal diameters of 26 and 30 mm. The 4 inner branches are located in the middle segment, which has a diameter of 24 mm. Technique With inner branch technology, the field of application for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) has been further extended. In addition to routine use in elective cases the pre-cannulation of the inner branches predisposes especially for emergencies. Pre-cannulation is intended to reduce the time to cannulation and the radiation dose. All steps of planning, stent-graft deployment, and cannulation of the inner branches are described in detail. Conclusion The E-nside stent graft represents a promising new endovascular therapy in the treatment of acute and elective TAAA. By using inner branch technology, this endograft combines the advantages of fenestrated and branched stent grafts. Indication, planning, and implantation require experience in branched and fenestrated stent graft technology.

Based on seismic and logging data, taking the downthrow fault nose of Binhai fault in Qikou Sag as the object of study, we analyzed fault characteristics, sand body distribution, fault-sand combinations and hydrocarbon accumulation to reveal the hydrocarbon enrichment law in the fault-rich area of fault depression lake basin. The results show that the Binhai Cenozoic fault nose is characterized by east-west zoning, the main part of the western fault segment is simple in structure, whereas the broom-shaped faults in the eastern segment are complex in structure, including several groups of faults. The difference of fault evolution controls the spatial distribution of sand bodies. The sand bodies are in continuous large pieces in the downthrow fault trough belt along the Gangdong Fault in the middle segment of the fault nose, forming consequent fault-sand combination; whereas the fault activity period of the eastern part of the fault nose was later, and the sand bodies controlled by paleogeomorphology are distributed in multi-phase north-south finger-shaped pattern, forming vertical fault-sand combination pattern matching with the fault. The configuration between faults and sand bodies, and oil sources and caprocks determine the vertical conductivity, plane distribution and vertical distribution of oil and gas. Two oil and gas accumulation modes, i.e. single main fault hydrocarbon supply–fault sand consequent matching–oil accumulation in multi-layers stereoscopically and fault system transportation–fault sand vertical matching–oil accumulation in banded overlapping layers occur in the middle and eastern segments of the fault nose respectively, and they control the difference of oil and gas distribution and enrichment degree in the Binhai fault nose. Key words: Bohai Bay Basin, Qikou Sag, Binhai fault nose, sandstone development mechanism, fault-sand combination, oil and gas accumulation, reservoir control mechanism

The long-term seismic activity in the Yunnan region has attracted much attention due to frequent occurrences of disastrous earthquakes. We investigated the seismicity of the Yunnan region using the multidimensional stress release model (MSRM) to evaluate the long-term seismic hazard. MSRM combines three factors that affect earthquake occurrence, i.e., initial stress background, tectonic loading, and coseismic stress transfer, and can simulate and forecast the spatiotemporal seismicity. In this study, a complete catalog comprising 28 strong earthquakes (M ≥ 6.5) after 1900 in the Yunnan region was investigated using MSRM. We calculated the spatiotemporal variations of seismicity rates, and found that strong earthquakes occur at locations with higher seismic activity. Comparisons between the seismicity rates at the epicenter locations immediately before and after strong earthquakes show that the seismicity rates in the vicinity of the epicenters significantly decrease after strong earthquakes. The estimated seismicity rates at the ending time (January 1, 2025) suggest that strong earthquake potential in the section between Kunming and Huaning of the Xiaojiang fault and the northeastern section of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault should receive more attention, while the seismicity in the southwestern part decreases and the seismicity in the middle segment of the Red River fault remains low.

Purpose: Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) damage has been cited as a cause of wrist pain syndrome after distal radius fractures. The goal of this cadaveric study was to examine this hypothesis by looking for branches between the PIN and the periosteum of the distal radius. Methods: The PIN was dissected in 10 adult specimens (8 fresh and 2 embalmed) under ×2.5 magnification. All of the dissections started from the last motor branch of the PIN, innervating the extensor indicis proprius, and proceeded from proximal to distal. Results: The PIN was divided into 3 terminal segments in the dorsal wrist joint (proximal, middle, and distal segments). We were able to observe that branches to the distal radial periosteum were constant and emerged from the middle segment where the nerve is enclosed in a sturdy fibro-fatty sheath adhered to the dorsal periosteum of the distal radius. No collateral bundle was identified in the proximal segment. In the distal segment, every specimen had branches to the radiocarpal joint; 9 of 10 had a midcarpal innervation. Terminal branches to the carpometacarpal joints were identified in 2 cadaveric wrists. Conclusions: The radial periosteum PIN branches consistently identified in these specimens may contribute to dorsal wrist pain seen at the time of late follow-up in patients after distal radius fractures. Clinical relevance: The benefit of PIN denervation as an adjuvant procedure should be evaluated further in the surgical management of wrist injuries. Key words: cadaver study, complex regional pain syndrome, digital nerve graft, distal radius fracture, posterior interosseous nerve

Spatial and temporal patterns of mountain building in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau provide important constraints on competing plateau growth models. We focus on the East Kunlun Shan (EKLS), where the timing of Cenozoic deformation remains controversial. Seven apatite (U‐Th)/He samples were collected around a tilted erosion surface in the middle segment of the EKLS. A break in slope at ∼25 Ma is identified along the paleodepth below the erosion surface, which we interpret to represent the onset of thrust faulting at northern margins of the EKLS. Published thermochronologic data from the South Qilian Shan and North Qilian Shan reveal tectonic uplift at 15‐18 and 8‐10 Ma respectively, obviously later than thrust faulting in the EKLS. Our study supports that the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has migrated from the EKLS to North Qilian Shan since the late Oligocene.

Using the methods of least squares and optimization, a mathematical model is established based on the running model of Joseph B. Keller, and combining the running characteristics and actual conditions of athletes. Whole marathon is divided into three phases: the starting section, the halfway section and the sprint section. Different from previous studies, this study designs athletes to accelerate in the starting and the last stage of the race. But in the middle segment, it is an uniform motion. The study finds that the model design is in line with the objective facts of the marathon. Through this model, the relative errors between theoretical results and actual competition results can be found out realistically, so as to provide scientific training basis for marathon coaches and athletes to improve their running results. At the same time, this search proves that high-level athletes use uniform speed running in the middle of the competition, which is more conducive to exerting their level and showing better performance.

The attractiveness of a package can not be separated from the target market for which the package is intended. Packaging not only carries the identity of a product, but furthermore, it reflects the image of the producer in supporting consumer satisfaction. Packaging is also an important factor when a product is about to move targets or raise segments from the lower middle segment to the upper middle segment. The packaging design activities carried out by the tofu factory are the shape, material, color, symbol / brand / logo, picture / illustration, and drawing language, the layout has the aim to introduce tofu products to the public and increase purchases. The purpose of this research is to develop a different form of packaging with other forms of tofu packaging. The results of the new packaging design can be found several differences from the old packaging in terms of: a more attractive form of packaging, a packaging model with a size of 250 grams, there is a new logo that has features, illustrations and visualization designed more attractive by displaying the name of the business owner. Keywords : Design, Packaging, Consumer, Logo, Attractive

The Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, located in the central Tibet, is one of several important geological boundaries in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Abundant researches have been performed and most of them focused on deep tectonic structure and its dynamic mechanism through recent geophysical projects such as INDEPTH-III, Hi-CLIMB, ANTILOPE, SinoProbe, etc. (Zhao Wenjin et al., 2008; N´abelek et al. 2009; Gao Rui, et al., 2013;Zhao Junmeng et al. 2014; He Rizheng et al., 2014; Xu Qiang et al., 2017; Shang Xuefeng et al., 2017; Davlatkhudzha et al.,2018). Near-surface velocity study can not only obtain the physical parameters such as Vp and Vs in the area, but also improve seismic image quality of deep structure (Zhao Lingzhi et al., 2018). However, the velocity information obtained from passive seismic stations using either receiver function or ambient noise tomography is not enough to elaborate the near surface velocity structure of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. Besides, the active-source seismic reflection data usually doesn’t have sufficient offset density at near surface which poses a challenge to conventional near-surface velocity analysis methods.This study makes full use of surface waves and first breaks to obtain near-surface P- and S-wave velocities based on a 2D deep seismic reflection survey data which was acquired by SinoProbe project in 2009 . We adopt the method of superposition of surface waves in common receiver domain to generate high quality F-K spectrum which enables us to obtain fundamental-order and high-order dispersion curves. First, a 2D layered model with an irregular topography was built and the 2D elastic finite difference modeling was executed to generate 161 synthetic seismic shot gathers which mimicking the actual acquisition geometry. These gathers contain surface waves, refractions, reflections and multiples energy, and the maximum offset is about 18 km. It is shown that the F-K spectrum quality has been improved for each receiver station using superposition of surface waves in the F-K domain by adding more shots. The S-wave velocity inverted from dispersion curves showed good agreement with the synthetic model. Second, high quality F-K spectrum generated from the above method enabled us to pick both fundamental and 1st order dispersion curves from the SinoProbe field data. The S-wave velocity was generated using three methods: 1) empirical equations based on dispersion curves; 2) fundamental order dispersion curves inversion; and 3) both fundamental and 1st order dispersion curves inversion. Results show that using higher order dispersion curves can generate a more reliable near-surface model. Third, first breaks were picked up to 18 km offset and diving wave tomography was applied to derive near-surface P-wave velocity from abundant first break information. It is shown that there is an excellent correlation between P- and S-wave velocities, the bottom of basin is clearly revealed, and over-thrusts are identified accordingly which is consistent with field geological survey in the middle segment of Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.This study was financially supported by the CAGS Research Fund (grant YWF201907), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41761134094). Data sources: SinoProbe-02 Project.

The Tianshan belt is one of the key regions in understanding the tectonics of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), as it presents a typical example of subduction, accretion and collision. Its tectonic evolution is recently in hot debate and draws more and more attention of the international geological society. As a major tectonic segment, the Middle Chinese Tianshan was considered to witness the most significant tectonic events. On the basis of structural and geochronological works, three zones have been recognized namely: 1) the northern zone, composed of weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of Silurian to Carboniferous ages; 2) the central zone, comprised of well sheared amphibolite, marble, quartzo-schist, quartzite, garnet-biotite schist, and orthogneiss; and 3) the southern zone, which consists of amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks whose protolith is considered to be Silurian to Devonian. The most significant deformation was marked on the various schist or gneiss of the central zone. E-W striking, vertical or sub-vertical foliation with horizontal or sub-horizontal mineral and stretching lineations indicate conspicuous strike-slip shearing. Shear criteria indicate a dextral sense of shearand geochronological results indicates it looks like two phase deformation (~290 Ma and ~250 Ma). South-dipping foliation with northward thrusting in the northern zone and north-dipping foliation with southward thrusting in the southern zone show a large-scale flower structure related to the early stage of the dextral strike-slip tectonics of the central zone. The absolute timing of the dextral strike-slip deformation is also discussed in the light of available radiometric dating. Our structural data emphasizes that the post-collisional dextral wrenching has largely modified the architecture of the Tianshan orogenic belt and played a critical role in the tectonic evolution of Central Asia.

Visual information and prior knowledge represent two different sources of predictability for tasks which each have been reported to have a beneficial effect on dual-task performance. What if the two were combined? Adding multiple sources of predictability might, on the one hand, lead to additive, beneficial effects on dual-tasking. On the other hand, it is conceivable that multiple sources of predictability do not increase dual-task performance further, as they complicate performance due to having to process information from multiple sources. In this study, we combined two sources of predictability, predictive visual information and prior knowledge (implicit learning and explicit learning) in a dual-task setup. 22 participants performed a continuous tracking task together with an auditory reaction time task over three days. The middle segment of the tracking task was repeating to promote motor learning, but only half of the participants was informed about this. After the practice blocks (day 3), we provided participants with predictive visual information about the tracking path to test whether visual information would add to beneficial effects of prior knowledge (additive effects of predictability). Results show that both predictive visual information and prior knowledge improved dual-task performance, presented simultaneously or in absence of each other. These results show that processing of information relevant for enhancement of task performance is unhindered by dual-task demands.

Involvement of the heart in Behcet's disease (BD) is rare. We retrospectively analyzed these three patients with interventricular septal (IVS) dissection in BD and discussed the echocardiographic manifestations of IVS dissections. In our patients, the echocardiographic characteristics of IVS dissection were echo-free space in the IVS basal segment or basal to middle segment, dilatation in the diastole and contraction in systole, and abnormal turbulent blood flow in the heart.

INTRODUCTION: Debridement of the root canal system is essential for endodontic success. Traditional instruments alone cannot sufficiently clean root canals. There must be an effective delivery system. OBJECTIVES: was to compare the cleaning efficiency of XP-endo Finisher and the EndoActivator using the scanning electron microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty human mandibular first premolars with single oval canals were used in this study. Teeth were instrumented using One-Shape file. Teeth were then randomly divided into three parallel groups (n=20) according to the agitation method used; Group I: XP-endo Finisher. Group II: EndoActivator. Group III: both XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and assessed by the scanning electron microscope using the five-score debris and smear layer indices. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn-Bonferroni tests. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between XP- endo Finisher and EndoActivator in debris and smear layer removal. In the middle segment, each of the XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator revealed significantly lower debris scores than both together (P 0.05). In smear layer removal, significant differences were found in both the coronal and apical segments between each one of the XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator compared to both together (P 0.05). The apical segment was more efficiently cleaned from debris and smear layer than the other segments in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Irrigation of root canals using XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator solely was more effective in the removal of debris and smear layer than both used together. The apical third was more efficiently cleaned from debris and smear layer than the other segments.

The Mogok metamorphic belt of Paleogene age, which records subduction- and collision-related events between the Indian and Eurasian plates, lies along the western margin of the Shan plateau in central Myanmar and continues northwards to the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Reaction textures of clinohumite- and scapolite-bearing assemblages in Mogok granulite facies metacarbonate rocks provide insights into the drastic change in fluid composition during exhumation of the collision zone. Characteristic high-grade assemblages of marble and calc-silicate rock are clinohumite + forsterite + spinel + phlogopite + pargasite/edenite + calcite + dolomite and scapolite + diopside + anorthite + quartz + calcite, respectively. Calculated petrogenetic grids in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 and subsets of this system were employed to deduce the pressure-temperature-fluid evolution of the clinohumite- and scapolite-bearing assemblages. These assemblages suggest higher temperature (> 780–810 °C) and XCO2 [= CO2/(CO2 + H2O) > 0.17–0.60] values in the metamorphic fluid for the peak granulite facies stage, assuming a pressure of 0.8 GPa. Calcite grains commonly show exsolution textures with dolomite particles, and their reintegrated compositions yield temperatures of 720–880 °C. Retrograde reactions are mainly characterized by a reaction zone consisting of a dolomite layer and a symplectitic aggregate of tremolite and dolomite grown between clinohumite and calcite in marble, and a replacement texture of scapolite by clinozoisite in calc-silicate rock. These textures indicate that the retrograde reactions developed under lower temperature (< 620 °C) and XCO2 (< 0.08–0.16) conditions, assuming a pressure of 0.5 GPa. The metacarbonate rocks share metamorphic temperatures similar to the Mogok paragneiss at the peak granulite facies stage. The XCO2 values of the metacarbonate rock at peak metamorphic stage are, however, distinctly higher than those previously deduced from carbonate mineral-free paragneiss. Primary clinohumite, phlogopite, and pargasite/edenite in marble have F-rich compositions, and scapolite in calc-silicate rock contains Cl, suggesting a contrast in the halogen compositions of the metamorphic fluids between these two lithologies. The metamorphic fluid compositions were probably buffered within each lithology, and the effective migration of metamorphic fluid, which would have extensively changed the fluid compositions, did not occur during the prograde granulite facies stage throughout the Mogok metamorphic belt. The lower XCO2 conditions of the Mogok metacarbonate rocks during the retrograde stage distinctly contrast with higher XCO2 conditions recorded in metacarbonate rocks from other metamorphic belts of granulite facies. The characteristic low XCO2 conditions were probably due to far-ranging infiltration of H2O-dominant fluid throughout the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt under low-amphibolite facies conditions during the exhumation and hydration stage., ファイル公開：2019-09-01

Characteristic slip and characteristic earthquake models have been proposed for several decades. Such models have been supported recently by high-resolution offset measurements. These models suggest that slip along a fault recurs via similarly sized, large earthquakes. The inter-event strain accumulation rate (ratio of earthquake slip and preceding interseismic time period) is used here to test the characteristic earthquake model by linking the slip and timing of past earthquakes on the Haiyuan Fault. We address how the inter-event strain accumulation rate varies over multiple seismic cycles by combining paleoearthquake studies with high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data to document the timing and size of paleoearthquake displacements along the western and middle segments of the Haiyuan Fault. Our observations encompass 5 earthquake cycles. We find significant variations over time and space along the Haiyuan Fault. We observe that on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault the rates slow down or increase as an anti-correlated function of the rates of preceding earthquakes. Here, we propose that the inter-event strain accumulation rates on the middle segment of the Haiyuan Fault are oscillating both spatially and temporally. However, along the western segment, the inter-event strain accumulation rate is both spatially and temporally steady, which is in agreement with quasi-periodic and slip-predictable models. Finally, we propose that different fault segments within a single fault zone may behave according to different earthquake models.

The Fodongmo-Hongyazi fault (FHF) is a major thrust of Northeastern Tibet, bounding the Qilian Shan. It accommodates crustal shortening across this region and has produced a strong historical earthquake. Until now the slip rate has been poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of its role in the accommodation of deformation across this region. In this paper, faulted terraces at two sites on the western and middle segments of the FHF were mapped with satellite imagery and field observations. Chronological constraints are placed on the ages of displaced river terraces at these sites using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure dating. These ages combined with offsets measured from SPOT 6 DEM’s yield average vertical slip rates of 1.3 ± 0.1 mm/yr for the western segment since ∼207 ka and 0.9 ± 0.1 mm/yr since ∼46 ka for the middle segment. These data suggest that the FHF accommodates ∼15–20% of the total shortening across the Qilian Shan (5.5–7 mm/yr). In addition, comparisons of our data with published slip rates along the Northern Qilian Thrust Fault Zone show that the fastest tectonic uplift occurs along the western portion of the Northern Qilian Shan. This is consistent with estimates deduced from geomorphology. The western portion of the Qilian Shan is mainly controlled by compressional deformation produced by the northward movement of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, while the eastern Qilian Shan is mainly controlled by the eastward extrusion of material along the left-lateral Haiyuan strike-slip Fault.

An unusual earthquake doublet ruptured the high-risk middle segment of the Xianshuihe fault in November 2014, exhibiting significant variations in the rupture and aftershock characteristics. By conducting rupture kinematic inversions jointly with local broadband seismic data, strong-motion data, and coseismic InSAR data, we find diverse rupture processes of this earthquake doublet. The first event ruptured upward along the dip and bilaterally along the strike with the duration of 8.0 s, whereas the second event ruptured mainly around the hypocenter with the duration of 3.5 s. The estimated moment magnitudes of the first and second events of this earthquake doublet were MW 6.0 and MW 5.7, respectively. The further analysis of rupture model-based static and dynamic stress change suggests that the first event is likely responsible for triggering the second event. Based on the comprehensive analysis of aftershock migration features, we find complex and diverse driving mechanisms of aftershocks. Aftershocks of the first event of the earthquake doublet were likely driven by afterslip. Early aftershocks of the second event were also likely driven by afterslip; however, later aftershocks were likely driven by fluid diffusion. The revealed diverse rupture characteristics of the 2014 Kanding earthquake doublet sequence suggest the inherent strength and/or stress heterogeneities on the seismogenic faults.

The evolution of the Kuqa fold-thrust belt is accompanied with the Cenozoic uplifting of South Tianshan Mountain range. The critical Coubomb wedge theory can be well applied to the structural evolution of the Kuqa fold-thrust belt where the decollement structures are well developed. Following the initial hypotheses of this theory, with the base of the taper wedge (not the sea level) as the reference level, we propose a geometric relationship between the evolution of fold-thrust belt and tectonic uplifting of orogen, and deduce a calculation formula between orogen tectonic uplifting amount (very different from the topographic uplifting) (∂H), fold-thrust belt extending distance (∂S) and crustal shortening amount (∂L): ∂H = (∂S − ∂L) ∗ tan(α + ∂α) + [tan(α + ∂α)/tanα − 1] ∗ H0. In this paper we select two representative seismic profiles across the Kuqa fold-thrust belt to reconstruct the structural evolution, and use the calculation formula to get the uplifting amount of the South Tianshan Mountain range in Kuqa region during two geological periods. The results showed: during the end of Miocene to the end of Pliocene, the uplifting amount of the South Tianshan Mountain range in the middle segment of Kuqa (∂HM1) is 4.1 km; during the end of Pliocene to the present, the uplifting amount of the South Tianshan Mountain range in the middle segment of Kuqa (∂HM2) is 4.7 km, and in the east segment of Kuqa (∂HE) is 5.0 km.

The problems related to the use of marketing tools in the restaurant market are considered. Particular relevance these problems have in the foodservice sector, where today there is a huge competition and only restaurants, which make full use of the entire range of marketing techniques, may survive. The brief overview of the development of the restaurant business market in Ukraine in recent years is done. Six main segments that characterize the restaurant market in Kharkiv are identified (premium, middle segment, low segment, segment of restaurants for the whole family, country restaurant complexes, and coffee shops). It is determined that the greater success in the market in Kharkiv have the chain restaurants, they are the headliners and innovators in the field of advertising and PR. It is identified a number of steps that require special attention at the opening the restaurant. It is found that a clear understanding and drawing the portrait of a consumer enables the use of promotional funds more efficiently. Principles and promotion tools are revealed depending on the restaurant's life cycle. The analysis makes it possible to focus of restaurateurs on the need of a clear understanding and description of the portrait of a consumer, and also makes it possible to structure and define the mechanism and selection of marketing tools at the opening the restaurant.

Ciliwung River flows from Bogor district, Bogor city, Depok, to Jakarta. The river faces many problems, especially settlement occupation on its riparian zones. The problem has damaged its natural ecological structures and the agroforestry practices such as mixed gardens, forest gardens, and pekarangan (home garden) in riparian landscape. This research objective is to analyze the structure, function, and dynamics of riparian agroforestry landscape of Ciliwung River in Bogor City. The landscape ecological index analysis approach is used to quantify the structure, function, and dynamics of the landscape. The existing land use in Ciliwung riparian in Bogor City has been dominated by the constructed land, such as settlements and housing. Those land use can be found with an area of 33.78 ha (60.50%) in the upper segment and 34.65 ha (56.54%) in the under segment. Meanwhile, in the middle segment is still dominated by the agroforestry area, such as forest gardens, mixed garden, and pekarangan with an area of 17.59 ha (55.23%). The function of these structures is as the core habitat and movement media of material, energy, animal, and human. The spatial dynamics of the Ciliwung riparian landscape in Bogor City revealed that the more patches of settlements and housing on a landscape, the more patches of pekarangan on the landscape.Keywords: Agroforestry landscape, Ciliwung River, landscape ecology, riparian areas

Leiomyosarcoma of inferior venacava is a rare tumor. Female are most commonly affected and middle segment of inferior vena cava is the commonest site. The diagnosis can sometimes be challenging as patients present with non-specific symptoms. We present a case of a 65-year-old female who presented with pain in right hypochondrium and epigastric region since 4 months along with weight loss, anorexia and vomiting. Histopathological examination revealed a capsulated, multilobated tumor arising from muscle layer of inferior venacava with extraluminal growth pattern and tumor cells showing cytoplasmic positivity for immuno-histochemical stain smooth muscle actin. With the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of inferior venacava, excision of tumor was done with tangential excision of 4 cm length of inferior venacava with primary repair. Keywords: inferior venacava; leiomyosarcoma; smooth muscle actin.

This paper presents findings quantifying the extent to which river ice impacted and eroded banks along the middle segment of the Susitna River, Alaska. Analyses of aerial photography (taken over two, one-year periods) established bank-erosion rates for two reaches of differing morphology (multi-channel; and, single channel). Reconnaissance videos were used to establish the timing of erosion within each one-year period. Whereas the first winter ended with a thermal breakup of the river's ice cover, the second winter ended with the dynamic breakup of the ice cover in both reaches. The relatively low flow rate and weak ice associated with thermal breakup caused no large-scale erosion in the reaches, while the higher flow rates and stronger ice associated with dynamic breakup initiated large-scale bank erosion; up to 61% of bank erosion over a one-year period. Single year erosion values ranged from 10 to 30% of the historical erosion over two 30-yr periods. Analysis of the erosion and ice-scar data along the Middle River suggest the recurrence interval for dynamic ice-breakup is about 5–13 years. During dynamic breakup, ice-laden flows abraded banks, and directly impacted trees and shrubs. Thicker ice covers and ice jam development compounded ice-induced bank erosion in the multi-channel reach compared to the single channel reach.

Construction modeling and shape prediction are significant for the parameters optimization and capacity prediction of a horizontal salt cavern gas/oil storage. However, most previous studies concentrate on the middle segment of the cavern, and the insoluble substances are ignored. The actual shapes of the horizontal salt caverns in bedded salt remain unknown. Here a coupled model is proposed for the construction of a horizontal cavern. A composite structural mesh is presented to describe the development of three segments of the cavern. The equations of the salt-brine mass transfer rate and boundary movements are introduced. A simplified flow and concentration field model is presented. The accumulation of the insoluble substances is firstly considered in a horizontal cavern. A VC++ program using the finite volume method is developed to obtain the numerical solution of the model and as a construction design tool for the horizontal salt caverns. The reliability of the model and program has been confirmed by comparisons with laboratory experiments. The shape of a field horizontal cavern HA4-5 in Huai'an, China is successfully simulated. The simulation results coincide well with the field data. It is found that the horizontal cavern is actually U-shaped and there is an undetected open cavern in the middle segment. This cavern is suggested to be used as a non-clogging de-brining pool during gas/oil injection and brine discharge. The brine in the pores of the insoluble sediments will be replaced by gas/oil and the storage capacity will be multiplied. The finding promises a broad prospect for the horizontal salt cavern gas storage in bedded salt.

We report surgical treatment of a 65-year-old patient with recurrent hemangioendothelioma of inferior and middle segment of inferior vena cava with spread to previously established prosthesis. Advanced resection of inferior vena cava and right-sided nephrectomy were not followed by complications and resulted R0 resection. Surgery time was 180 min. Inferior vena cava cross-clamping time was 30 min. Total blood loss was 300 ml. Hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor with unpredictable potential for malignant transformation and obligatory indications for surgical treatment. Resection and reconstruction of inferior vena cava and renal veins with a synthetic conduit is effective and safe procedure.Представлен клинический случай оперативного лечения больной в возрасте 65 лет по поводу рецидивной гемангиоэндотелиомы нижнего и среднего сегмента нижней полой вены с распространением на ранее установленный протез. Выполнение протяженной резекции нижней полой вены и нефрэктомии справа не привело к развитию каких-либо осложнений и позволило добиться R0-резекции. Время операции составило 180 мин, пережатия нижней полой вены — 30 мин. Объем кровопотери 300 мл. Гемангиоэндотелиома — редкая опухоль с непредсказуемым потенциалом злокачественности, единственный радикальный метод лечения гемангиоэндотелиомы нижней полой вены — хирургическое лечение. Резекция и реконструкция нижней полой вены синтетическим кондуитом с реконструкцией почечных вен при необходимости является эффективной и безопасной операцией.

Morphotectonic analysis shows the effects of local uplift related to active reverse and strike-slip faults in Northern Tunisia. Furthermore, we find that the main reverse-sinistral NE-SW oriented faults like the Alia-Teboursouk fault are segmented by conjugate WNW-ESE active dextral faults. The dextral faults, namely the Dhkila and Oued Zarga faults, have cut the drainage basins, uplifting and displacing the middle segment of the Tine River basin. The main anomalies of the normalized steepness index (Ksn) coincide with regions uplifted by the fault system or associated folds. Furthermore, some of the anomalies depict the footwall of late Miocene normal faults that exhumed competent Cretaceous sediments.

The medial crus flap obtained its nutrition from the spatium intermusculare perforator, myocutaneous perforator and periosteum cutaneous perforator of the posterior tibial artery. This flap had the advantage of not sacrificing the major blood vessels of the cruris. It could be designed as: (1) The flap based on the middle segment of the posterior tibial artery perforator which was suitable for repair of the wound on the knee and upper cruris by transposition or the wound on hand and foot by free transplantation; (2) The flap based on the distal segment of the posterior tibial artery perforator (superior medial malleolus perforator flap) was suitable for repair of the wound on the middle-lower segment of the cruris and on the achilles tendon region.

The genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 is a median genus in Arcypteridae, which contains 23 species in the world, among them 10 species distributed in China [Walker, 1870; Bolivar, 1914; Uvarov, 1931; Zheng, 1977; Liu, 1981; Zheng, 1983; Yin, 1984; Liang, 1988; Wang, 1992; Liu et Li, 1995; Ou et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Zheng et Xia, 1998; Zhang et al, 2017; Cigliano, 2018]. A new species of the genus i.e. Ceracris jianfenglingensis sp. nov. is described from Hainan, China in this paper. The new species is similar to Ceracris n. nigrocornis Walker, 1870, but differs from latter by antennae wider, length of middle segment 3.4 times of its width; lateral carinae of pronotum almost parallel; length of interspace 1.2 times minimum width in mesosternum of male; cubital area of tegmen without intercalary vein in male; epiphallus with straight bridge and tegmen of female shorter, reaching the end of hind femur only. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.

Though the ovine stifle is commonly used as a model in research, there is no description of its anatomy at ultrasonography (US). The objective of this study was to provide reference US images of the ovine stifle that are relevant in musculoskeletal research. Four pairs of hindlimbs were scanned, whilst four other pairs were frozen and cut in different planes to compare gross anatomy to US scans. In another pair, the synovial compartments of the stifle were injected and scanned. This study demonstrated that US could be used to assess the ovine stifle. Several structures of clinical interest could be identified with cranial, lateral and medial approaches, such as (a) the tendons of m. quadriceps femoris, m. gluteobiceps, m. popliteus, (b) the common tendon of m. peroneus tertius–extensor longus digitorum–extensor digiti III proprius, (c) the patellar ligament, (d) the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, (e) the cranial horn and middle segment of medial and lateral meniscus, and (f) the synovial recesses. However, the caudal approach was not successful to identify caudal anatomical structures of the joint, due to the muscular mass, that is the caudal aspects of the articular surfaces of the femoral and tibial condyles, the caudal horns of the menisci and the supracondylar synovial recesses. In addition, US remained challenging to assess the internal structures such as cruciate ligaments and articular surfaces. The feasibility of US needs to be tested in vivo.

The present research was a joint project carried out in 2017 by students of the Marketing and International Business Program of Sergio Arboleda University belonging to the Young Marketeers' Research Group – YMRG, in collaboration with board members of the Association of Marketing Programs – ASPROMER, which accounts 47% of the active programs in Colombia as members of the association. The main objective was to carry out a study and analysis of the current state of the educational offer for undergraduate programs in the marketing and related areas through secondary data from the Colombian Higher Education Information System - SNIES and ASPROMER databases. The study was divided into two parts. The first one, dedicated to the Structural Analysis of the marketing and related programs in Colombia, allowed to identify in the SNIES 82 university programs, of Reportes de Caso ANALISIS DE LA OFERTA EDUCATIVA SUPERIOR DE PREGRADOS UNIVERSITARIOS DE MARKETING EN COLOMBIA, EN 2017. ANALYSIS OF THE UPPER EDUCATIONAL OFFER OF UNIVERSITY MARKETING UNDERGRADUATES IN COLOMBIA, EN 2017. Juan David Rueda Vega [1] juand.rueda@correo.usa.edu.coEscuela Internacional de Administracion y Marketing – EIAM Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Mario Andres Robert Gonzalez [2] mario.robert@correo.usa.edu.coEscuela Internacional de Administracion y Marketing – EIAM Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Antonio Alonso Gonzalez [3] antonio.alonso@usa.edu.coEscuela Internacional de Administracion y Marketing – EIAM Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Ver todos los autores Recepcion: 20 Marzo 2018 Aprobacion: 15 Junio 2018 Resumen: La presente investigacion, se desarrollo como un proyecto conjunto realizado en 2017, por estudiantes del programa de Marketing y Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, pertenecientes al semillero Young Marketeers’ Research Group – YMRG, y directivos de la Asociacion de Programas de Mercadeo (ASPROMER), contando dicha entidad como asociados, con el 47% de participacion de los programas de pregrado activos en marketing, en Colombia. El objetivo de la investigacion, fue el realizar un estudio y analisis del estado de la oferta educativa de programas de pregrado del area de marketing y afines, a traves de datos secundarios provenientes del Sistema Nacional de Informacion de la Educacion Superior – SNIES y bases de datos de ASPROMER.El estudio se dividio en dos partes. La primera, dedicada al Analisis Estructural de los programas de marketing y afines en Colombia, permitio identificar en el SNIES, 82 programas universitarios, de los que 71 se encuentran activos y 11 inactivos, contando dichos programas con un amplio rango de valores de matricula, concentrandose la mayoria de los programas en el segmento bajo y medio de hasta $5’000.000 COP, y localizandose 4 programas en el segmento premium por encima de $8’000.000 COP. La concentracion geografica de la oferta academica de dichos programas, tambien se detecto como muy localizada en 5 ciudades: Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga, concentrandose en estas 5 ciudades 54 de los 82 programas estudiados. Adicionalmente, un 87% de estos programas se ofrecian de manera presencial, y tan solo 13% en metodologia virtual, siendo la duracion de dichos programas de nueve semestres en su mayoria. En la segunda parte del estudio, dedicada al Analisis de Tendencias y Enfoques Conceptuales en los Contenidos, se utilizaron dos documentos desarrollados por investigadores de la Asociacion de Programas de Mercadeo para identificar cuales estan siendo las generalidades y enfoques conceptuales de los diferentes programas de marketing y afines. Palabras clave: Mercadeo, Marketing, Mercadotecnia, Mercadologia, Pregrado, Colombia. Abstract: The present research was a joint project carried out in 2017 by students of the Marketing and International Business Program of Sergio Arboleda University belonging to the Young Marketeers' Research Group – YMRG, in collaboration with board members of the Association of Marketing Programs – ASPROMER, which accounts 47% of the active programs in Colombia as members of the association. The main objective was to carry out a study and analysis of the current state of the educational offer for undergraduate programs in the marketing and related areas through secondary data from the Colombian Higher Education Information System - SNIES and ASPROMER databases.The study was divided into two parts. The first one, dedicated to the Structural Analysis of the marketing and related programs in Colombia, allowed to identify in the SNIES 82 university programs, of which 72 are active and 10 inactive, with a wide range of enrollment values, concentrating for most of the programs values ​​in the low and middle segment of up to COP $ 5 '000,000, and identifying 4 programs located in the premium segment above COP $ 8’000,000. The geographical concentration of the academic offer of these programs was mainly localized in 5 cities: Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga, constituting in these 5 cities 54 of the 82 programs studied. Additionally, 87% of these programs were offered face-to-face, and only 13% in virtual methodology, and duration of the programs is concentrated in nine semesters in its majority. In the second part of the study, dedicated to the Analysis of Trends and Conceptual Approach in the Contents, two documents developed by researchers from the Association of Marketing Programs were used to identify which are the generalities and conceptual approaches of the different marketing and related programs.

BACKGROUND Transapical off-pump mitral valve (MV) repair is a novel minimally-invasive surgical technique, allowing to correct mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by chordae tendineae rupture. While numerical simulation of the MV structure has proven to be useful to evaluate the effects of the MV surgical repair techniques, no numerical simulation studies on the outcomes of transapical MV repair have been done up to now. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the transapical MV repair using finite element modeling and to determine the effect of the neochordal length on the function of the prolapsing MV. METHODS The reconstruction of the MV geometry based on the patient-specific data was performed. In order to simulate prolapse, chordae inserted into the middle segment of the posterior leaflet (P2) were ruptured. A total of four virtual transapical repairs using neochordae of different length were performed. The function of the MV before and after virtual repairs was simulated. RESULTS The evaluation of the effect of the neochordal length on post-repair MV function showed that the length of the implanted neochordae has a significant impact on the correction of MR caused by chordae tendineae rupture. CONCLUSIONS The presented results can improve the understanding of the effects of transapical MV repair.

Solid serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is the rarest subtype of serous cystadenoma. Cystic structures are difficult to recognize by imaging studies. In the clinical setting, it is crucial to discriminate a solid serious cystadenoma from other solid pancreatic tumors. The present study reported a case of solid serous cystadenoma in which the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings were useful for diagnosis and decision-making regarding the surgical strategy, with a review of the previous reports of solid serous cystadenoma. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for investigation of a pancreatic body mass. A 2-cm hypervascular solid tumor was revealed by computed tomography. No typical radiological imaging findings of small cysts were detected, such as a honeycomb structure, and an adequate specimen could not be gained by biopsy under endoscopic ultrasonography. However, the tumor showed high intensity on MRCP, suggesting its cystic nature. A solid serous cystadenoma was suspected based on these radiological findings, and middle segment pancreatectomy was performed as a function-preserving surgery. The histological findings were compatible with a solid serous cystadenoma. In conclusion, MRCP imaging may be helpful for diagnosis and decision-making regarding the most appropriate surgical method for solid serous cystadenomas.

Background Submandibular gland (SMG) transplantation is a successful treatment approach for patients with severe dry eye. However, duct obstruction can occur post-transplant. Methods We studied nineteen patients with duct obstruction of transplanted SMGs, including five interventional modalities: stone removal; secretory stimulation (to mimic "internal irrigation" with substantial secretory flow); irrigation; surgical opening of stenosis and orifice reconstruction; cephalic vein bypass and Wharton's duct reconstruction. Results A solitary stone was found and removed in one patient. Duct blockages like mucus plug were cleared by secretory stimulation in three patients, and by normal saline irrigation in two grafts. In the remaining 13 patients, irrigation failed and surgical opening was performed. Orifice reconstruction succeeded in six of the eight patients, whose stenosis was near the orifice. Wharton's duct reconstruction was successful in two of the five cases where stenosis was located in the middle segment of the duct. Conclusion Transplanted SMGs obstruct for various reasons. Stone, which is easy to diagnose and treat, should be excluded first. Non-organic blockage and stenosis were semblable in clinic. Therefore, subsequent steps should be a diagnostic/therapeutic trial of secretory stimulation, followed by irrigation; failure of these interventions suggests the diagnosis of duct stenosis, necessitating surgical recanalization.