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Flow chemistry enables the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes from various indoles and structurally divergent aldehydes using Sc(OTf)3 catalysis. The reaction is regioselective for C-3 functionalization of the indoles, occurring over short reaction times allowing for rapid investigation of scope with straightforward work up facilitating product isolation.

Engineering materials are vulnerable targets for damage by chemical agents. This results in various types of irregular cavities which may subsequently change their shape under the combined action of loads and chemical attack. Such shape evolutions are subject to certain constraints. This paper explores the evolution in stresses as a result of an evolution in the shape of an isolated irregular hole in an infinite elastic plate subjected to remote uniform stress. The constraint employed here is a fixed area for the irregular hole with variable perimeter as a result of the evolution. Increase in perimeter implies decrease in strain energy on account of increased surface energy. Such phenomena could also occur in polymeric sheets on account of viscoelasticity even in the absence of chemical agents. This paper presents the evolution in boundary stresses as the cavity evolves to take different shapes. Complex variable methods are developed to tackle three cases of remote loading: (a) hydrostatic tension, (b) uniaxial tension, and (c) pure shear state. Of the above three cases, the first case of hydrostatic loading leads to a remarkably simple result for the boundary stress as shown in this paper. The last case is obtained by superposing a uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression along orthogonal directions.