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Observing system experiments were undertaken within the 4D-Var data assimilation of the Météo-France global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. A 6-month period was chosen (October 2019–March 2020) where 40 million observations per day were assimilated. The importance of in situ observations provided by aircraft, radiosondes, and surface weather stations, despite their small fractional amount (7%), has been confirmed particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the largest impact over Europe in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) scores comes from surface observations. Satellite data play a dominant role over tropical regions and the Southern Hemisphere. Microwave radiances have a more pronounced impact on the long range and on the humidity field than infrared radiances, despite being less numerous (10% versus 80%). Bending angles impact significantly the quality of the upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere temperature of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are beneficial in wind forecasts at low and high levels in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere, but also in the humidity field. Such impacts are only significant during the first 48 h of the forecasts. Scatterometer winds have an impact restricted to low levels that is kept at longer ranges. A comparison with forecast sensitivity–observation impact studies over a 3-month period using the same measure of short-range (24-h) forecast errors reveals that the ranking between the major observing systems is kept between these two ways of measuring observation impact in NWP. From our conclusions, recommendations are provided on possible evolutions of the global observing system for NWP.

Structural phase transitions in $f$-electron materials have attracted sustained attention both for practical and basic science reasons, including that they offer an environment to directly investigate relationships between structure and the $f$-state. Here we present results for UCr$_2$Si$_2$, where structural (tetragonal $\rightarrow$ monoclinic) and antiferromagnetic phase transitions are seen at $T_{\rm{S}}$ $=$ 205 K and $T_{\rm{N}}$ $=$ 25 K, respectively. We also provide evidence for an additional second order phase transition at $T_{\rm{X}}$ = 280 K. We show that $T_{\rm{X}}$, $T_{\rm{S}}$, and $T_{\rm{N}}$ respond in distinct ways to the application of hydrostatic pressure and Cr $\rightarrow$ Ru chemical substitution. In particular, hydrostatic compression increases the structural ordering temperature, eventually causes it to merge with $T_{\rm{X}}$ and destroys the antiferromagnetism. In contrast, chemical substitution in the series UCr$_{2-x}$Ru$_x$Si$_2$ suppresses both $T_{\rm{S}}$ and $T_{\rm{N}}$, causing them to approach zero temperature near $x$ $\approx$ 0.16 and 0.08, respectively. The distinct $T-P$ and $T-x$ phase diagrams are related to the evolution of the rigid Cr-Si and Si-Si substructures, where applied pressure semi-uniformly compresses the unit cell and Cr $\rightarrow$ Ru substitution results in uniaxial lattice compression along the tetragonal $c$-axis and an expansion in the $ab$-plane. These results provide insights into an interesting class of strongly correlated quantum materials where degrees of freedom associated with $f$-electron magnetism, strong electronic correlations, and structural instabilities are readily controlled., Comment: Main text 9 pages, 7 figures. Supplementary materials included at the end

The compound EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 was investigated by means of the 57Fe and 151Eu Moessbauer spectroscopy versus temperature (4.2 - 300 K) for x=0 (parent), x=0.34 - 0.39 (superconductor) and x=0.58 (overdoped). It was found that spin density wave (SDW) is suppressed by Co-substitution, however it survives in the region of superconductivity, but iron spectra exhibit some non-magnetic component in the superconducting region. Europium orders anti-ferromagnetically regardless of the Co concentration with the spin re-orientation from the a-axis in the parent compound toward c-axis with the increasing replacement of iron by cobalt. The re-orientation takes place close to the a-c plane. Some trivalent europium appears in EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 versus substitution due to the chemical pressure induced by Co-atoms and it experiences some transferred hyperfine field from Eu2+. Iron experiences some transferred field due to the europium ordering for substituted samples in the SDW and non-magnetic state both, while the transferred field is undetectable in the parent compound. Superconductivity coexists with the 4f-europium magnetic order within the same volume. It seems that superconductivity has some filamentary character in EuFe(2-x)Co(x)As2 and it is confined to the non-magnetic component seen by the iron Moessbauer spectroscopy., 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

Tras la aprobación del Esquema de Selección específico para el Caballo Trotador Español (l de septiembre de 2005), se ha realizado la primera Valoración Genética para carreras de trote con metodología BLUP modelo animal en España, en base a los resullados deportivos obtenidos por los animales de esta raza en 4.180 carreras celebradas durante los años 2003-2005. Trabajando con un 10lal de 42.993 regiSlros de participación pertenecientes a 1.580 animales (83 2 machos, 593 hembras y 155 castrados), se estimaron los parámetros genéticos y los valores de erra para los tres caracteres seleccionados: ganancias anuales (CA). mejor tiempo anual (MTPA) y porcentaje de puestos clasificado entre el primero y el cuarto (PPC). El modelo genético-estadístico empleado incluye el sexo del animal. el año de nacimiento. el año de carrera y el número de participaciones registradas cada año (covariable de CA) como efectos fijos; y el efecto aditivo directo y el efecto ambiental permanente como factores aleatorios.

We report the synthesis, structure, and physical properties of single crystals of CePt2In7. Single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis confirms the tetragonal I4/mmm structure of CePt2In7 with unit cell parameters a = 4.5886(6) Å, c = 21.530(6) Å and V = 453.32(14) Å3. The magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, Hall effect and electrical resistivity measurements are all consistent with CePt2In7 undergoing an antiferromagnetic order transition at TN = 5.5 K, which is field independent up to 9 T. Above TN, the Sommerfeld coefficient of specific heat is γ ≈ 300 mJ mol−1 K−2, which is characteristic of an enhanced effective mass of itinerant charge carriers. The electrical resistivity is typical of heavy-fermion behavior and gives a residual resistivity ρ0 ~ 0.2 µΩ cm, indicating good crystal quality. CePt2In7 also shows moderate anisotropy of the physical properties that is comparable to structurally related CeMIn5 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) heavy-fermion superconductors.

We report Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation measurements within the high magnetic field (μ0H>39 T) magnetically polarized regime of URu2Si2, made possible using mesoscopic samples prepared by means of focused ion beam lithography. A significant change in the Fermi surface topology relative to the “hidden-order” phase is observed, signaling a transformation into a high magnetic field regime in which 5f-electrons are removed from the Fermi surface. URu2Si2 is therefore a rare example of an actinide compound in which a transformation of 5f-electrons can be directly observed at low temperatures, setting the stage for the unconventional ordering and high magnetic field quantum criticality in this material.