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Orientador: Waldyr A. Rodrigues Jr Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin Resumo: Neste trabalho mostramos, primeiramente, a diferença entre monopolos magnéticos fenomenológicos que aparecem como fontes para a Equação Homogênea de Maxwell e os monopolos topológicos em que a Equação Homogênea é mantida, mas em contrapartida, a topologia do espaço-tempo é modificada. Introduzimos então os conceitos de potencial e campo generalizados e obtemos suas equações de campo na linguagem das formas diferenciais. Estendemos a teoria para um grupo de gauge arbitrário. Obtemos para os monopolos fenomenológicos a condição de Quantização de Dirac de duas maneiras distintas. A primeira usa propriedades grupais fundamentais dos operadores que representam os elementos de grupos de simetria no espaço de Hilbert do sistema físico sob consideração. A segunda utiliza uma generalização do Método de Mandelstam para a formulação da eletrodinâmica quântica. Como os monopolos fenomenológicos aparecem naturalmente nas equações de campo eles aqui foram chamados cargas duais. Numa terceira etapa escrevemos as equações de campo na linguagem de Fibrado de Clifford. Utilizando o Cálculo Geométrico da Álgebra de Clifford, deduzimos a Equação de Movimento de cargas elétricas e monopolos magnéticos diretamente das equações de campo escritas no Formalismo de Clifford Abstract: In this work we first show the difference between phenomenological magnetic monopoles that appear as sources in Maxwell's Homogeneous Equation and the topological monopoles in which the Homogeneous Equation is valid, but where the topology of space-time is modified. We then introduce the concepts of a generalized potential and field. We then obtain their field equations in the language of differential forms. We obtain for the phenomenological monopoles Dirac's quantization condition in two different ways. The first uses the fundamental group properties of the operators that represent the elements of the symmetry groups in the Hilbert space of the physical system which are being studied. The second uses a generalization of Mandelstam's method for the formulation of quantum electrodynamics. As the phenomenological monopoles appear naturally in the field equations here they have been called dual charges. In a third step we write the field equations in the language of Clifford Bundles. By using the Geometrical Calculus of Clifford's Algebra, the equation of motion of the electric charges and magnetic monopoles are deduced directly from the Field Equations which are written in Clifford's Formalism Doutorado Física Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernández Figueroa Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Resumo: A principal contribuição desta dissertação é a proposta de uma metodologia para localização de diferentes objetos, em locais abertos ou fechados, através do método de Multilateração com efetividade no processamento do sinal recebido, utilizando de Antenas Monopolo Impressas com Chanfro no Plano Terra, dimensionadas também em tese, como uma das principais ferramentas do processo. O método de Multilateração consiste na parametrização das soluções da posição, pré-determinadas por uma Central de Processamento, que recebe a potência das Componentes localizadas pelas denominadas Componentes de Canto, e as envia para uma Central de Ênfase, a qual possui uma velocidade maior de processamento para efetuar os devidos cálculos. Para a construção de um sistema de solução da posição com um erro mínimo, um procedimento baseado em resoluções de problemas de otimização e de algorítimos do método de Multilateração é proposto, resultando em sequências de relaxações que convergem para uma solução adequadamente aplicável em ambientes abertos ou fechados. Problemas de análise robusta são analisados em detalhes para as antenas aplicadas ao sistema. Várias especificações numéricas são apresentadas ilustrando a eficiência dos métodos propostos em termos da acurácia dos resultados e do esforço computacional quando comparados com outros métodos da literatura Abstract: This dissertation proposes, as main contribution, a new methodology to locating differents objects, in open or closed places, through the Multilateration method with effectiveness in the processing of the received signal, using Printed Monopole Antenna with Shape at Ground Plane, dimensioned also in thesis, as one of the main tools of the process. The Multilateration method consists of the parameterization of the solutions of the position, pre-determined by a Processing Center, which receives the power of the localized components by the so-called Corner Components, and sends them to a Emphasis Central, which has a higher processing speed to make the necessary calculations. For the construction of a positioning system with a minimum error, a procedure based on resolutions of optimization problems and algorithms of the Multilateration method is proposed, resulting in sequences of relaxations that converge to a solution appropriately applicable in open or closed environments. Problems of analysis are analyzed in detail for the antennas applied to the system. Numerical specifications are presented illustrating the efficiency of the proposed methods in terms of accuracy of results and computational effort when compared with other methods in the literature Mestrado Telecomunicações e Telemática Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica CAPES

Orientadores: Henrique Nogueira de Sá Earp, Gonçalo Marques Fernandes de Oliveira Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica Resumo: Estudamos aspectos analíticos de soluções suaves das equaçõs de Yang-Mills-Higgs em variedades riemannianas não-compactas com geometria limitada, focando no problema de compacidade para soluções do tipo monopolo sob um certo regime assintótico de massas arbitrariamente grandes em variedades assintóticamente cônicas (AC) de dimensões 3 e 7. No caso de dimensão 3, as componentes conexas do espaço de módulos de monopolos são indexadas por um inteiro chamado de carga, e consideramos o problema do comportamento limite de sequências de monopolos com carga fixa k e massas arbitrariamente grandes, cf. Fadel-Oliveira (2019). Provamos que a comportamento limite de tais monopolos é caracterizado pela concentração de energia ao longo de um conjunto finito Z, consistindo de no máximo k pontos nos quais os zeros dos campos de Higgs se acumulam e um monopolo em R^3 de massa 1 e carga 1 borbulha. Finalmente, seguindo uma sugestão do artigo seminal de Donaldson-Segal (2009), desenvolvemos o mesmo tipo de análise para monopolos de dimensões mais altas em G2-variedades de dimensão 7 e, sob certas hipóteses brandas, provamos, entre outras coisas, que o conjunto de acumulação dos zeros dos campos de Higgs nesse caso é de medida H^4 finita e está contido em um conjunto H^4-retificável onde a energia intermediária da sequência se concentra Abstract: We study analytical aspects of smooth solutions of the Yang-Mills-Higgs equations on noncompact Riemannian manifolds of bounded geometry, focusing on the compactness problem for monopole solutions under a certain asymptotic regime of arbitrarily large mass on asymptotically conical (AC) 3- and 7- dimensional manifolds. In the 3-dimensional case, the connected components of the moduli space of monopoles are labeled by an integer called the charge, and we consider the problem of the limiting behavior of sequences of monopoles with fixed charge k and arbitrarily large masses, cf. Fadel-Oliveira (2019). We prove that the limiting behavior of such monopoles is characterized by energy concentration along a finite set Z, consisting of at most k points at which the zeros of the Higgs fields accumulate and a mass 1 and charge 1 R^3-monopole bubbles off. We also give some results on the direction of the convergence problem of the sequence outside Z. Finally, following a suggestion of the seminal paper of Donaldson-Segal (2009), we develop the same sort of analysis for higher dimensional monopoles on 7-dimensional AC G2-manifolds and under certain mild assumptions we prove, among other things, that the accumulation set of the Higgs fields zeros in this case is of finite H^4-measure and is included in a H^4-rectifiable set where the intermediate energy of the sequence concentrates Doutorado Matemática Doutor em Matemática CNPQ 142267/2017-1 CAPES

Agradecimentos: J.S.G. and C.W.W. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Taiwan for financially supporting this research under Contract No. MOST 120-2739-M-213-001-MY3 and the support of SIKA-Neutron Program of MOST, and ANSTO staff for neutron beamtime assistance. R.S.F. acknowledges Sao Paulo research foundation (FAPESP) Grant No. 2015/16191-5 and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Grant No. 429511/2018-3. F.M.V. acknowledges FAPESP Grant No. 2011/19941-4 Abstract: Neutron scattering, ac magnetic susceptibility, and specific-heat studies have been carried out on polycrystalline Dy2Zr2O7. Unlike the pyrochlore spin ice Dy2Ti2O7, Dy2Zr2O7 crystallizes into the fluorite structure and the magnetic Dy3+ moments randomly reside on the corner-sharing tetrahedral sublattice with nonmagnetic Zr ions. Antiferromagnetic spin correlations develop below 10 K but remain dynamic down to 40 mK, with a significant amount of magnetic susceptibility. These correlations extend over the length of two tetrahedra edges and grow to six nearest neighbors with the application of a 20-kOe magnetic field. Magnetic heat capacity revealed a correlation peak at 2 K, but no Pauling's residual entropy was observed. We propose that the disorder precludes the development of spin-ice correlations seen in the chemically ordered Dy2Ti2O7 compound, with fluctuating spins in a disordered, liquidlike state (albeit slow) which do not freeze into a canonical spin-glass state that one might intuitively expect CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

Agradecimentos: We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR and RAEP (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.) Abstract: A search is presented for the decays of heavy exotic long-lived particles (LLPs) that are produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV at the CERN LHC and come to rest in the CMS detector. Their decays would be visible during periods of time well separated from proton-proton collisions. Two decay scenarios of stopped LLPs are explored: a hadronic decay detected in the calorimeter and a decay into muons detected in the muon system. The calorimeter (muon) search covers a period of sensitivity totaling 721 (744) hours in 38.6 (39.0) fb(-1) of data collected by the CMS detector in 2015 and 2016. The results are interpreted in several scenarios that predict LLPs. Production cross section limits are set as a function of the mean proper lifetime and the mass of the LLPs, for lifetimes between 100 ns and 10 days. These are the most stringent limits to date on the mass of hadronically decaying stopped LLPs, and this is the fi rst search at the LHC for stopped LLPs that decay to muons CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES FUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - FAPERJ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Aberto

Agradecimentos: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, Argentina, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, the Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil, Grants No. MSMT CR LG15014, No. LO1305 and No. LM2015038 and the Czech Science Foundation Grant No. 14-17501S, Czech Republic, Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), and Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, and Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), Italy, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Grant No. 167733, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Mexico, Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), and Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands, National Centre for Research and Development, Grants No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, and National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and No. HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland, Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal, Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects Grants No. 20/2012, No. 194/2012 and No. PN 16 42 01 02, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, Comunidad de Madrid, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, and European Community 7th Framework Program, Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom, Department of Energy Awards No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, and The Grainger Foundation, USA, NAFOSTED, Vietnam, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806, and UNESCO. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-1412261 and by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through Grant No. NSF PHY-1125897 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. T. F. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship for Research Abroad Grant No. H25-339 Abstract: We present a search for ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles with the Pierre Auger observatory. Such particles, possibly a relic of phase transitions in the early Universe, would deposit a large amount of energy along their path through the atmosphere, comparable to that of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The air-shower profile of a magnetic monopole can be effectively distinguished by the fluorescence detector from that of standard UHECRs. No candidate was found in the data collected between 2004 and 2012, with an expected background of less than 0.1 event from UHECRs. The corresponding 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the flux of ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles range from 10(-1)9 (cm(2) sr s)(-1) for a Lorentz factor gamma = 10(9) to 2.5 x 10(-21) (cm(2) sr s)(-1) for gamma = 10(12). These results-the first obtained with a UHECR detector-improve previously published limits by up to an order of magnitude CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOS - FINEP FUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - FAPERJ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Aberto

Agradecimentos: The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The authors are grateful to the local support staff at the SNS and at the ILL Abstract: The magnetic properties of Ho2Sn2O7 have been investigated and compared to other spin ice compounds. Although the lattice has expanded by 3% relative to the better studied Ho2Ti2O7 spin ice, no significant changes were observed in the high temperature properties, T greater than or similar to 20 K. As the temperature is lowered and correlations develop, Ho2Sn2O7 enters its quantum phase at a slightly higher temperature than Ho2Ti2O7 and is more antiferromagnetic in character. Below 80 K a weak inelastic mode associated with the holmium nuclear spin system has been measured. The hyperfine field at the holmium nucleus was found to be approximate to 700 T Fechado