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Plants need different macro and micro nutrient elements to grow and reproduce. Their malnutrition results in unhealthy growth. The soils of Naqadeh area, Iran are deficient in micronutrient elements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of micronutrients application on some qualitative and quantitative parameters of economically important monogerm sugar beet cv. Sonja. The plants were foliar sprayed with iron, boron, zinc, and manganese. The studied traits were potassium, sodium, nitrogen, extraction coefficient, sugar percent, recoverable sugar, alkalinity, molasses, root yield, and white sugar recovery yield. The effect of micronutrients was significant on all studied traits. The highest extraction coefficient of 89.31 was related to the foliar application of iron (Fe) and the highest recoverable sugar percent (16.91%) was obtained from Zn application. Also, the highest mean root yield (74.120 t ha-1) and white sugar yield (12.137 t ha-1) were noted after foliar treatments of boron (B) and Fe, respectively.

Bu calisma; farkli gibberellik asit (GA 3 ) dozlarinin farkli tohum yaslarindaki anason bitkisi ( Pimpinella anisum L.) tohumlarinin cimlenmesine olan etkisini belirlemek uzere yapilmistir. Calismada; Burdur yoresinden; anason ekimi yapilan yerlerden temin edilen anason bitkisi tohumlari materyal olarak kullanilmistir. Yorede her yil ekilen ve hasat edilen bitkilerden bir sonraki yil tekrardan ekilmek uzere tohumluk olarak ayrilan tohumlardan 4 yil boyunca Dort ayri yasta anason tohumu (1, 2, 3 ve 4 yasindaki) elde edilmis ve materyal olarak kullanilmistir. Denemede; 4 farkli yastaki anason tohumlarina 24 saat sureyle 50, 100, 200, 400 ve 800 mg/l GA 3 ve kontrol tohum gruplarinda sadece su uygulamasi yapilmistir. Daha sonra; kâgit havlu ile kurutulan tohumlar, petri kutularinda, kagit arasinda 25 o C’de oda sicakliginda cimlendirmeye alinmistir. Deneme 4 tekrarlamali olarak tesaduf parselleri deneme desenine gore kurulup yurutulmustur. Her uygulamada 100’er adet tohum kullanilmistir. Sayimlar ISTA kurallarina gore 7. ve 21. gunde yapilmistir. Ayrica cimlenen bitkilerde kok uzunlugu (mm) gibi karakterlerde olcumler yapilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, cimlenme yuzdesi tohum yaslarina gore % 36.3 ile 69.0 arasinda degismis ve 4 yasindaki tohumlarda cimlenme orani en dusuk olmustur. Hormon dozlarina gore cimlenme % 32.3 ile 58.3 arasinda degismistir. En dusuk cimlenme 800 mg/l hormon dozundan elde edilmistir. Tohum yasi ve hormon dozlari birlikte degerlendirildiginde 2 yasindaki tohumlara uygulanan 100 mg/l hormon dozunda en yuksek cimlenme (%83.5) elde edilmistir.

The study evaluated effects of corm circumference and storage temperatures on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) at two elevations (Kırkhan and Yayladağı) during 2011 and 2012 in two separate experiments. The first experiment made use of saffron corms divided into three categories based on circumference: (i) large >8 cm, (ii) medium: 6-8 cm and (iii) small: 4-6 cm. The second experiment made use of large saffron corms stored at 4 and 25°C. Each of these corms were planted using three replications at Kırıkhan (100 m a.s.l.) and Yayladağı (678 m a.s.l.) districts using split plot in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The maximum positive effects on yield and yield components was noted due to large corms at two locations. A significant decrease in number of days to flower was noted at lower elevations (Kırıkhan) whereas cold stored corms showed improved yield and had positive effects on all plant components with induction of early flowering.

Drought stress limits yield severely in most of the crops. Plants utilize complex gene regulation mechanisms to tolerate water deficiency as well as other abiotic stresses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are progressively recognized as important regulators of gene expression acting at post-transcriptional level. miR408, conserved in terrestrial plants, targets copper related genes. Although, expression level of miR408 is influenced by various environmental factors including drought stress, the biological action of miR408 is still unclear. To examine the miR408 function upon drought stress in chickpea, transgenic lines overexpressing the miR408 were generated. Induced tolerance was observed in the plants with enhanced miR408 expression upon 17-day water deficiency. Expression levels of miR408 target gene together with seven drought responsive genes were measured using qRT-PCR. Here, the involvement of miR408 in drought stress response has been reported. The overexpression leading plantacyanin transcript repression caused regulation of DREB and other drought responsive genes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In plant tissue culture studies, obtaining new plantlets from different parts of plant is a very important feature with direct or indirect ways of regeneration. The plant show different regeneration capacities from species to species. In this present study, in-vitro direct shoots development from embryonic axis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Lashata) were comparatively studied. Embryonic axis, embryonic hypocotyl and plumule obtained from five days old in-vitro grown seeds. All explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 1- 4 mg/l Benzyl amino purine (BAP) + 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 3 mg/l activated charcoal. Cultured explants were kept at growth chamber with photoperiod for 16 hours light and 8 hours dark, at 25oC. Reproducible in-vitro plant regeneration was obtained from embryonic axis when cultured onto MS medium supplemented 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3 g/l Activated charcoal. Shoot induction was to be noted 53.3%, 36.7% and 12.3 in embryonic axis, plumule and embryonic hypocotyl respectively. All these shoots were capable of rooting on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA, and establishing in soil 3-4 weeks.

bZIP proteins are one of the largest transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Despite the availability of recently published draft genome sequence of Cucumis sativus, no comprehensive investigation of these family members has been presented for cucumber. We have identified 64 bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes in the cucumber genome. Based on structural features of their encoded proteins, CsbZIP genes could be classified into 6 groups. Cucumber bZIP genes were expanded mainly by segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication. Although segmental duplication rate of the CsbZIP genes was lower than that of Arabidopsis, rice and sorghum, it was observed as a common expansion mechanism. Some orthologous relationships and chromosomal rearrangements were observed according to comparative mapping analysis with other species. Genome-wide expression analysis of bZIP genes indicated that 64 CsbZIP genes were differentially expressed in at least one of the ten sampled tissues. A total of 4 CsbZIP genes displayed higher expression values in leaf, flowers and root tissues. The in silico micro-RNA (miRNA) and target transcript analyses identified that a total of 21 CsbZIP genes were targeted by 38 plant miRNAs. CsbZIP20 and CsbZIP22 are the most targeted by miR165 and miR166 family members, respectively. We also analyzed the expression of ten CsbZIP genes in the root and leaf tissues of drought-stressed cucumber using quantitative RT-PCR. All of the selected CsbZIP genes were measured as increased in root tissue at 24th h upon PEG treatment. Contrarily, the down-regulation was observed in leaf tissues of all analyzed CsbZIP genes. CsbZIP12 and CsbZIP44 genes showed gradual induction of expression in root tissues during time points. This genome-wide identification and expression profiling provides new opportunities for cloning and functional analyses, which may be used in further studies for improving stress tolerance in plants.