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Fiducial markers are utilized for image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) alignment during the delivery of liver stereotactic body radiosurgery (SBRT). There are limited data demonstrating the impact of matching fiducials on the accuracy of liver SBRT. This study quantifies the benefit of fiducial-based alignment and improvements in inter-observer reliability. Nineteen patients with 24 liver lesions were treated with SBRT. Target localization was performed using fiducial markers on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Each CBCT procedure was retrospectively realigned to match both the liver edge and fiducial markers. The shifts were recorded by seven independent observers. Inter-observer variability was analyzed by calculating the mean error and uncertainty for the set-up. The mean absolute Cartesian error observed from fiducial and liver edge-based alignment was 1.5 mm and 5.3 mm, respectively. The mean uncertainty from fiducial and liver edge-based alignment was 1.8 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. An error of 5 mm or greater was observed 50% of the time when aligning to the liver surface versus 5% of the time when aligning to fiducial markers. Aligning to the liver edge significantly increased the error, resulting in increased shifts when compared to alignment to fiducials. Tumors of 3 cm or farther from the liver dome had higher mean errors when aligned without fiducials (4.8 cm vs. 4.4 cm, p = 0.003). Our data support the use of fiducial markers for safer and more accurate liver SBRT.

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the properties of the nervous system of young martial artists. The aim is to study the properties of the nervous system of young martial artists to improve the effectiveness of the training process and increase the level of their sports skills (on the example of boxing).. The research was conducted on the basis of the Communal Extracurricular Educational Institution «Complex Children's and Youth Sports School for Boxing and Martial Arts» of the Dnipropetrovsk City Council during September-November 2022. The research involved 37 young athletes who trained in initial boxing training groups. Research methods: analysis of literary sources, E.P.Ilyin's method of express diagnosis of properties of the nervous system based on psychomotor indicators (tapping test) and methods of mathematical statistics. It was found that 8.1% of young athletes had an even type of nervous system, descending – 32.4%, intermediate – 18.9%, concave – 40.6%. No representatives of the convex (strong) type were found. 83.78% of young boxers had a weak nervous system and 16.22% had a strong one. Very high severity of weakness of the nervous system was observed in 59.5% of young athletes, high severity of the nervous system strength – 2,7%, high severity of the nervous system weakness - 5.4%, medium severity of the nervous system strength – 5, 4%, medium severity of the nervous system weakness – 13,5%, slight severity of the nervous system strength – 5,4% and average nervous system – 8,1% of young boxers.

The purpose of the study. To assess the relationship between Internet addictive behavior and clip thinking in schoolchildren Materials and methods. 59 students of both sexes of the 8th grade of secondary school № 84 of Krasnoyarsk took part in the study. A modified test based on the J.S. Bruner questionnaire was used to diagnose the clip type of thinking. The level of Internet addiction was assessed using the CIAS scale. Results. A pronounced and stable pattern of Internet addictive behavior on the CIAS scale was detected in 15,2% of the surveyed schoolchildren, among whom there were three times more girls compared to boys. The frequency of gambling addiction was higher in boys than in girls, while the frequency of dependence on social networks was 2 times higher among girls. The clip type of thinking was revealed in a third of the surveyed schoolchildren with the same frequency among both boys and girls. At the same time, persons with a theoretical type of thinking were more common among girls, and with a creative type of thinking – among boys. In Internet-addicted girls and boys, clip-type thinking was detected in half of the subjects in both groups. Conclusion. Among the identified students with the clip type of thinking, 50% belonged to people with Internet addictive behavior.

The income statement is an accounting form that reflects the financial results of the organization’s activities for the reporting period and contains data on revenue and expenses from ordinary activities, as well as other income and expenses. Accounting for financial results is necessary to assess the economic life of the enterprise. Information about the company’s financial results is important both for internal analysis and for interaction with potential partners. With the help of these indicators, it is possible to analyze the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole and develop a further strategy of behavior in the market, therefore, the correct accounting of financial results is very important from the point of view of the economy. The subject of the research is the report on financial results. The purpose of the report on financial results is formulated in the article, its characteristics are given, and the article also substantiates the necessity and importance of analyzing the financial results of the organization. So, in the conditions of escalating economic and political tension in the modern world, the procedure for the formation, analysis and application of financial results by organizations becomes even more relevant. For effective analysis, it is important to organize timely and accurate accounting of the financial results of the organization. Without a competent analysis of the results of the financial activity of the enterprise and the identification of factors affecting this activity, it is impossible to increase the level of profit and profitability.

Aim. To study the efficiency of inoculating spring barley with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Methods. 1) A field ex- periment on turfpodzolic sandy soil with different mineral fertilization regimes; 2) A greenhouse experiment on sand as substrate, with isotope dilution analysis using 15N; 3) A lysimetric experiment in a stationary lysimetric installation. Furthermore, chromatography to determine nitrogenase activity of bacteria in the root zone of plants, agrochemical, and statistical methods. Results. Under field conditions, the inoculation with A. brasilense 410 promoted a significant increase (37–103 %) in the nitrogenase activity in the “soil-plant” system without any mineral fertilization and (espe- cially) where N60P60K60 was used. A high fertilizer level (N120P120K120) lead to a long-term inhibition of the nitrogenase activity. In both cases (plants with and without inoculation with A. brasilense 410) this fertilization level showed an increase in the nitrogenase activity only at the end of the vegetation period. The highest increase in yield (0.7 t/ha, 27 %) in yield following A. brasilense strain 410 inoculation, occurred in plots with N60P60K60 fertilization; the least increase in yield (0.33 t/ha, 16.5 %) was observed in plots receiving no fertilizers. The pre-sowing inoculation led to an increase in the protein content of 0.3–1.0 % in the barley grain, especially when receiving high fertilization levels, enhancing its value for the use in cereals and feeds, but decreasing its value for its use in brewing. The green- house experiment with 15N established an increase 77.1 % in the nitrogen intake into the plants due to the activation of the nitrogen-fixation process and enhanced 29.5 % nitrogen consumption from fertilizers. The lysimetric studies demonstrated that inoculation of spring barley cv Nosivsky with A. brasilense 410 limited the vertical migration and leaching of nitrogen by 27–30 %, potassium by 13–30, calcium by 32–51 %, manganese by 33–100 %, and water-sol- uble organic matter by 46–75 %. Conclusions. The pre-sowing inoculation of spring barley cv. Nosivsky seeds with A. brasilense 410 intensifies nitrogen consumption by plants within 29.5 % due to active nitrogen-fixation and a better utilization of N from mineral fertilizers. The barley yield increase with 0.7 t/ha was in our limited experiment, using one cultivar roughly equivalent to the increase after mineral fertilization with N60P60K60. Thus, pre-sowing inoculation with A. brasilense 410 may lead to substantial reduction of the use of mineral fertilisers in practice.

Purpose. The purpose of the experimental study is to identify the tendencies of the global bilingualism development in the Ukrainian and Slovak languages based on the English loanwords functioning in the individual consciousness of their speakers. The novelty of the research is setting up the main features of the global bilinguialism where the young people are the social stratum that represents the basis of the language changes and reacts to the social processes leading to the new perception of the English loanwords that is relevant nowadays. The main hypothesis of the research is the statement about the expansion of the global bilingualism trends connected with the intensive use of the digital technologies. It causes language code switching and the blurring of the languge pictures of the world. Methods. The main method of the research is psycholinguistic, more precisely, the free associative experiment and its essence to offer the respondent the stimuli, in our case, the English loanwords, with the aim of evoking appropriate associations. Presedure. The respondents were given a written list of the stimulus words and they had to write down the first word that comes to their mind when responding to the stimuli. For the Ukrainian and Slovak respondents the list consisted of such English loanwords from the area of the social networking: Ukr. контент, Sl. kontent (content); Ukr. скріншот, Sl. skrinshot (screenshot); Ukr. iнтерфейс, Sl. interfeis (interface); Ukr. xештег, Sl. haštag (hashtag); Ukr. чат, Sl. čat (chat); Ukr. клік, Sl. klik (click); Ukr. лайк, Sl. like (like); Ukr. паблік, Sl. public (public).The experiment was conducted two times in 2019 and in 2022 in the Ukrainian and Slovak universities at non-language faculties where the respondents at the age of 17–21 took part: 200 Ukrainian and 200 Slovak students, 100 women and 100 men. Results. There have been four groups of the associations given by the Ukrainians and Slovaks: the same loanword, the other English loanword, the unassimilated English word, the word of the native language. The number of the associations in different groups is dissimilar. The Slovaks gave more associations in English, the Ukrainians had more associations in Ukrainian. The both groups have the tendency to increase the number of the associations expressed with the English words, which are connected with the process of the global bilingualism development caused by the society digitalization era. Conclusions. Due to the globalization processes that are taking place all over the world, the perception of the loanwords is changing. The English language is perceived as an integral part of everyday life. According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2019 and 2022 we can observe the emergence of the associations in English, which indicates the development of a special type of bilingualism, namely global, which is connected with the internationalization of the English language in the world, as well as the peculiarities of its perception. The development of the global bilingualism causes the interaction of two language codes in the consciousness of the individual. The English language is penetrating into the speech of the Ukrainian and Slovak people, changing thinking in the globalizing society. Thus, the shift in the self-concept can affect the transformation in the language picture of the world, that confirms the research hypothesis.

Results There were no severe radiation-induced morbidity in the SBRT group, only 9,5% of patients developed grade 1 toxicity. In the surgery group complication rate was 18%, 1 lethal outcome was noted. The median follow-up was 24.6 months in the radiotherapy group and 22.8 months in the surgery group (p>0,05). 2 year LC rates was 62% in the SBRT group and 80% in the surgery group (p=0,019), and the 2-year OS was69.5% in the SBRT group and 84.7% in the surgery group (p = 0,03). The median mean dose was 54 Gy. Dose ≥51 Gy, was s a significant factor of improved local control. Conclusion SBRT is a safe and effective method of providing local control of colorectal cancer liver oligometastases. High-dose SBRT in hypofractionation regimen in selected patients with colorectal liver oligometastaseses comparable in terms of local control with surgery. Further studies are required to individualize the indications for this treatment method and optimize its methodology. Key words: Stereotactic radiation therapy, colorectal cancer, oligometastatic liver disease, hepatic resection

The article is devoted to the study of approaches to the concept of investment attractiveness of an enterprise used in Russian practice. Special attention is paid to the study of tools and methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of an enterprise in modern conditions. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the fact that not all enterprises pay due attention to the investment climate, which leads to a decline in the efficiency of operational, investment and financial activities. Investment attractiveness is the main criterion that can attract investors, and as a result, increase the company’s profit.The subject of the research in the article are methods and techniques for assessing the investment attractiveness of economic entities. The research results consist in the development of proposals to increase the investment attractiveness of enterprises on the basis of indicators characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise in conjunction with the probability of bankruptcy of the Altman model and accounting for the external environment of the enterprise.

The article reveals the peculiarities of certain aspects of the protection of the rights of railway passengers. Protection of the rights of consumers - passengers of railway transport is currently an important direction of state policy. At the same time, the problem of protecting the rights of railway passengers remains insufficiently researched today. In the conditions of instability caused by the pandemic, the introduction of martial law, and the economic situation in the country, the problems of consumer rights protection have gained special importance. It is worth noting that attention to the protection of consumer rights is also connected with the rapid development of digital technologies, which significantly change traditional approaches to understanding consumer relations. Today, the sale of goods and services using the Internet (e-commerce) is gaining more and more popularity, which is primarily due to the low price of goods and services, as well as the convenience of obtaining them. At the national level of consumer rights protection, in general, the following main factors that affect the level of consumer rights protection can be identified: imperfect legislation; insufficient funding, material, technical and personnel base; lack of consumer education; uninformed consumers about their rights; inactivity of central and local authorities and local self-government bodies regarding the implementation of consumer rights and interests; corruption in authorities; distrust of citizens. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal status of consumers - passengers of railway transport and to provide proposals for eliminating gaps in national legislation in the specified area. Various aspects of the institute for the protection of consumer rights were reflected in the works of national and foreign scientists. It is worth noting that the protection of consumer rights in the digital age is the least developed area of legislation at the national level. Effective protection of consumer rights is crucial for the formation of a fair, transparent and competitive social and economic system of any state in particular and the world system in general. In recent years, the issue of separation in the legal structure of consumer law has been actively discussed. It requires a detailed analysis of the legal status of the passenger of railway transport and the elimination of gaps in the national legislation in the specified area. In addition, the consumer's right to receive a service is insufficiently implemented. Today, it is expedient to create an electronic database of passengers and railway transport. Taking into account the fact that the passenger's data is already entered when buying a ticket, there is no need to accumulate extra information. This will allow to protect the rights of passengers, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it will lead to a reduction of corruption risks in the transport industry. This will allow, in particular, to restore tickets in case of their loss; to confirm the fact of passenger travel, ticket purchase, etc.

At the current stage of the development of martial arts in Ukraine and in the world, urgent issues of scientific and methodological support of the system of multi-year training of martial arts athletes, starting from the early stages of training, are gaining importance. Martial arts specialists need to search for the most rational and effective means and methodical approaches to the formation and improvement of the technical and tactical arsenal of athletes. The purpose of such an approach will be to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the competitive activity of martial arts athletes. The stage of specialized basic training in sports martial arts acquires great importance in connection with the creation of prerequisites for the further improvement of sports skills of young athletes, increase of the level of special work capacity. Also, at this stage, the individual fighting style is formed, as well as the technique and tactics of the Taekwondo WTF are improved. Technical and tactical training in Taekwondo WTF is a process of forming the technique of performing special exercises, techniques and their various combinations. Technical training is aimed at studying the widest range of technical actions and forming the skills of performing actions necessary for Taekwondo WTF, different in direction, amplitude and other characteristics. The means of technical training are the technical actions of Taekwondo WTF (according to the classification of techniques), which include offensive, defensive and contact-attacking technical-tactical actions. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using training methods and improving counterattacking technical and tactical actions using the example of Taekwondo WTF. The following research methods were used during the study: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, modeling, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, analysis of competitive activity, methods of mathematical statistics. As a result of the analytical and research work, the effectiveness of the training methodology and improvement of counterattacking technical and tactical actions of taekwondo athletes at the stage of specialized basic training was established. The most effective schemes for complicating training and improving counter-attacking technical actions, which are performed in response to the opponent's attacking technical actions from different distances and at different speeds, have been determined. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research consist in the development of a program for improving the counterattacking actions of taekwondo athletes, taking into account the individual style of conducting a competitive match.

Despite the significant number of works in the specified direction of scientific intelligence, the issue of expanding the arsenal of service-applied hand-to-hand combat (with an accented use of technical and tactical combat sambo combinations) future officers of institutions of the security and defense sector of Ukraine – an insufficient number of scientific works is devoted to it, which emphasizes the relevance of the chosen direction of scientific research. The main goal of the study is the development and testing of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU) to engage in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in various conditions of service-combat activities with an emphasis on the use of combat sambo arsenal. During the empirical research, the following methods were used: axiomatic, idealization, historical and logical, descent from the concrete, mathematical and statistical formalization (criterion χ2). Based on the results of the conducted empirical research, the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine to engage in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in various conditions of service and combat activity were developed and tested (with an accented use of the combat sambo arsenal). The above-mentioned organizational and pedagogical conditions are implemented during 3 main blocks: organizational and diagnostic, corrective and constant. Summarizing the results obtained during the pedagogical experiment, it was established that all the conditions for conducting an empirical study were met. The experimental work had a positive effect on increasing the level of physical and special physical fitness of future NGU officers, which contributed to the increase in the efficiency of their performance of assigned tasks. It is noted that these changes occurred to a greater extent in Eg cadets compared to Kg, and these changes are statistically reliable. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific intelligence provide for the improvement of the system of sectional work of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine from service-applied martial arts.

The article is devoted to a complex research of interdependence of subjective indices of women's satisfaction during fitness training on differentiated planning of such training taking into account phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle (OMC) and individual peculiarities of personal psychophysiological profile of participants. The study involved 93 women aged 22–27 engaged in fitness at the sports club "Spartak" in Kamianske. Women were divided into two groups: EG – experimental group (n=51) and CG – control group (n=42). The first group was studied taking into account the phases of OMC, the second group – without it. To achieve the objectives we used the following scientific methods: theoretical, empirical, psycho-diagnostic, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.It was determined that the manifestation of physical skills is closely related to women's general physical well-being and mental parameters in different phases of ОMC. Comparative analysis of the data shows that the indicators of functional and psycho-emotional states of EG women significantly exceed the results of CG. The results of the article proved the importance of subjective markers of satisfaction and their determinant effects on the overall effectiveness of fitness and also proved the possibility to take into account the phases of OMC and the individual characteristics of the psychophysiological profile of women in the planning of fitness programs and changes in marketing policy of fitness centers.

A common task in computer forensics is to recover files that lack file system metadata. In the case of searching for file fragments in unallocated space, file carving is the most often used method, which is ideal for unfragmented data. However, such methods and the tools based on them are ineffective for recovering OOXML files with a high fragmentation level. These methods do not provide reliable determination of the correct order of fragments. Techniques for reconstructing documents based on the analysis of words and phrases are also ineffective in fragmented OOXML documents. The main reason is that OOXML files are ZIP archives and, as a result, store data on disk space in a compressed form. This paper proposes a syntactical method for reconstructing OOXML documents based on knowledge about the internal structure of this file type, regardless of their content. The details of the implementation of the reconstruction algorithm and the peculiarities of restoring certain types of local elements of the document were considered. The efficiency of the algorithm was tested on the Govdocs1 and NapierOne datasets. The proposed method was applied to 4096-byte data blocks, which correspond to the standard cluster size in different file systems. The experimental results confirmed the method's suitability for practical use with 82.97 % of recovered files, including 34.38 % reconstructed completely, 0.43 % excluding the last 21 bytes at most, and another 48.16 % excluding embeddings that require other approaches. In the latter case, obtaining a fully working document without displaying graphic images and other contents of different embeddings is possible. The presence in OOXML files of CRC-32 hashes of the uncompressed data stream of each local element allows us to confirm the correctness of information recovery and its integrity unambiguously. Simultaneously, the method's effectiveness depends mainly on data verification methods during the reconstruction of local elements that occupy at least three clusters in the file. Therefore, this method is supposed to be improved by developing new mechanisms for verifying XML elements.

Статья посвящена метаморфозам тувинского поля исследования. В настоящее время в предметной области антропологии произошли существенные изменения, в особенности в отношениях между субъектом и объектом исследования. Коснулись они и тувинского поля. На наш взгляд, стратегия поиска и обработки информации, форма взаимоотношения антрополога с респондентом целиком определяется местом и временем. Существуют различные модели этих отношений: модель чиновника и респондента, где отношения субъекта и объекта исследования строго регламентированы; модель антрополога как «доброго друга», когда этнограф (антрополог) «помогает» своему информанту постичь свою культуру — посмотреть со стороны; модель ученика, когда исследователь обучается на месте и становится в позицию «вечного послушника, ученика», в том числе и по отношению к своим собеседникам (информантам). Именно в модели «ученика» появляется и бережно охраняется «ключевой информант». Кем становится антрополог для своего информанта — «администратором», «добрым другом», помощником в решении собственных проблем, гостем, лишним нахлебником или родственником? Каждая из этих стратегий определяется взаимностью отношений и подлинным диалогом между людьми. Метаморфозы тувинского поля — это скорее не только изменение в предметной области антропологии, но и переосмысление отношения исследователя к объекту изучения, они навеяны современными глобальными процессами. В статье делается вывод, что в современном антропологическом поле исследования появляется уникальная возможность вести «новый диалог» и этот диалог позволяет точно сфокусировать внимание, проникнуть более глубоко в предметную область исследования. Статья основана на собственных наблюдениях и впечатлениях, собранных в разные годы во время полевых исследований в Туве. The article demonstrates the metamorphoses of the Tuvan field of study. Currently, there have been significant changes in the object of research in Tuva, including the relationship between the subject and the object of the study. There are different strategies for the relationship between the anthropologist and the respondent. One is a model of an official and a respondent, where the relationship between the subject and the object of research is strictly regulated. The other is the model of anthropologist being a “good friend” when he or she “helps his/her local source of information to comprehend their own culture”. The third one is the model where the researcher learns on the spot and takes the position of an “eternal student”, including in relation to his or her interlocutors (local sources). It is here, that “the key source” of information appears and is carefully guarded. What does an anthropologist become for his key source — an administrator, a “good friend”, an assistant in solving problems, a guest, an extra freeloader or a relative? Each of these strategies requires reciprocity and genuine dialogue. The metamorphosis of the Tuvan field is rather not a change in the focus of the study, but a transformation of the scientist, and also of time. The article concludes that in the modern anthropological field, a unique opportunity is given to scholars to open a new, valuable dialogue. The article is written in the genre of an anthropological essay, and is based on my own observations and impressions, collected in the course of many years of expeditions in Tuva.

This article covers the main approaches to implementing tourism local lore in the course of education. The problem is relevant due to the demand for competent specialists who are capable to form contemporary children`s competence in the course of education. Therefore, the theoretical-methodological analysis of the researchers of the problem identified, who became the rationale for the main results of the research to be determined, is provided in this paper. It is also ascertained that it is necessary to form a structured part of the professional competence of a rising geography teacher – local lore competence. There is some dependence of the level of qualification of rising teachers on an accurately planned process of formation of not only knowledge, skills and capabilities, but also personal traits of students formed at a higher educational institution. The concepts of native land, local lore and tourism, their correlation, conduction forms, functions are studied in the researches of scholars and according to the results of this theoretical research. In addition, the local lore principle is set as competency-based learning. The method of analysis, scientific, descriptive and research methods are used for studying tourism local lore in the contemporary system of education. Analysing the role of tourism local lore proves the demand for searching and gaining knowledge about a native land, optimising the study of major subjects, forming an individual cognitive experience of students-geographers. Such conclusions are the results of this research.

The purpose of the study. To evaluate the role of chronobiological personality type in the formation of Internet-addictive behavior in schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The study involved 25 students of both sexes of the 6th grade of secondary school No. 84 in Krasnoyarsk. The chronobiological personality type was determined using the Morningness-Evningness Questionnaire. The Chen Internet addiction Scale was used to assess the level of Internet addiction. Results. The most common chronobiological type among students was the daytime chronotype. A pronounced and stable pattern of Internet addictive behavior on the CIAS scale was detected in 8,0% of the surveyed schoolchildren, among whom there were only girls. The frequency of gaming addiction was higher in boys, while the frequency of social media addiction was 3 times higher among girls compared to boys. Internet addiction was observed mainly in adolescents with a daytime chronotype. The frequency of gambling addiction was twice as high among the representatives of the evening chronotype, while dependence on social networks was twice as common among schoolchildren of the daytime chronobiological type. Conclusion. It was found that Internet addiction was observed mainly in students with a daytime chronobiological type.

The article is devoted to the specifics of physical training of athletes in the conditions of the remote training process. In recent years, the issue of organizing remote forms of the educational process has gained some relevance. This is due to the introduction of quarantine restrictions throughout Ukraine in March 2020, as well as the introduction of martial law in February 2022. This led to increased attention of scientists to the issues of scientific and methodological substantiation of the organization and planning of the process of physical training of young athletes in the conditions of the remote training process. The purpose of the study is to consider the issue of planning the physical training of athletes. in the conditions of the remote training process (on the example of the training of boxers who train at the stage of initial training) based on the analysis of literary sources. Research was conducted during 2022. In the course of the study, the means of physical education were established, which are recommended to be used in the process of general and special physical training of young boxers during online training. The advantages and disadvantages of online distance learning are revealed. The main conditions for the application of general and special physical training at home are defined. Received further development of knowledge regarding the substantiation of practical recommendations for holding classes with young boxers in conditions of remote training. Scientific data have been confirmed that prove that the special physical training of boxers is a leading factor among a number of indicators of achieving high sports results in the future. In turn, their general physical training should have a predominant health-improving focus

The article covers topical issues of organizing intensive training of artillery cadets in wartime based on the remote use of 3D simulators. In such an educational process, there is a need to coordinate dynamically the speed of developing detailed 3D models with the speed of information perception by cadets. The authors describe the process of infor-mation exchange in training system and they propose a mathematical model of information transmission. In addition, they offer a mathematical model of information perception by cadet and conduct a pedagogical experiment. Finally, they draw conclu-sions regarding the implementation of the developed models within the educational process. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirm theoretical formulations and make it possible to synchronize the speed of 3D models development with the speed of their study, considering the intensity of perception by cadets of a huge information vol-ume within a short time

Modern methods of image recognition are sensitive to various types of disturbances, which actualize the development of resilient intelligent algorithms for safety-critical applications. The current article develops a model and method of training a classifier that exhibits characteristics of resilience to adversarial attacks, fault injection, and concept drift. The proposed model has a hierarchical structure of prototypes and hyperspherical boundaries of classes formed in the space of high-level features. Class boundaries are optimized during training and provide perturbation absorption and graceful degradation. The proposed learning method involves the use of a combined loss function, which allows the use of both labeled and unlabeled data, implements the compression of the feature representation to a discrete form and ensures the compactness of the distribution of classes and the maximization of the buffer zone between classes. The main component of the loss function is the value of the normalized modification of Shannon's information measure, averaged over the alphabet of the classes, expressed as a function of accuracy characteristics. Simultaneously, accuracy characteristics are calculated on the basis of smoothed versions of the distribution of statistical hypothesis testing results. It is experimentally confirmed that the proposed approach provides a certain level of disturbance absorption, graceful degradation and recovery. During testing of the proposed algorithm on the Cifar10 data set, it was established that the integral metric of resilience to tensor damage by inversion of one randomly selected bit is about 0.95 if the share of damaged tensors does not exceed 30%. Also, during testing of the proposed algorithm, it was established that an adversarial attack with a disturbance that does not exceed the L∞-norm threshold equal to 3 provides resilience that exceeds the value of 0.95 according to the integral metric. Additionally, the integral metric of resilience during adaptation to the appearance of two new classes is 0.959. The integral metric of resilience to the real drift of concepts between the two classes is 0.973. The ability to adapt to the appearance of new classes or the concept drift has been confirmed 8 times faster than learning from scratch.

On November 21, 2022, Dr. Sophia Moskalenko presented on Deadly Disinformation: LGBTQ Contagion Narratives as Radicalizing Disinformation in Russian Propaganda for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the historical uses of disinformation and how it relates to modern disinformation, the three categories which disinformation aims to target, and the disinformation campaign in Russia. Received: 2023-01-05Revised: 2023-01-10

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and aff ects 1% of the population above 60 years. The leading pathological features of PD include degeneration of neuromelanin (NM) containing dopaminergic neurons and iron deposition in the substantia nigra (SN) of the midbrain. Various neuroimaging methods sensitive to NM and iron can be clinically important for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression. Examples of such neuroimaging methods include transcranial sonography (TCS) and neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) fi rst and foremost.Aims. To compare the diagnostic signifi cance and eff ectiveness of TCS and NM-MRI in diff erentiating patients with PD from the norm and to elucidate the magnetic resonance- (MR-) morphological representation of the hyperechogenicity (HE) on midbrain during TCS by NM-MRI.Material and methods. 40 patients with PD were included in the main group, and 20 healthy volunteers of gender and age comparable with the main group were included in the control group. In the case of HE detection during TCS, this area was manually traced and automatic calculated. NM-MRI images were pre-processed using image processing program Image-J (USA) with subsequent automatic calculation of SN area. Based on the data obtained, clinical, demographic and neuroimaging correlations were estimated.Results. The sensitivity and specifi city of TCS in diff erentiating PD from the norm were 70 and 100% respectively, the sensitivity and specifi city of NM-MRI were 90.0 and 92.5% respectively. An analysis of the relationship between the HE area and the area of the SN according to NM-MRI data on the ipsilateral side showed a noticeable inverse correlation (for the right side: ρ = –0.606, p < 0.001; for the left side: ρ = –0.550; p < 0.001). Thus, in the case of an increase in the HE area, a decrease in the area of SN measured using NM-MRI is expected.Conclusion. TCS and NM-MRI are reliable biomarkers allowing highly eff ective diff erentiation of PD from normal. The pathophysiological and neuroimaging correlates of PD changes in neurodegenerative process remain not completely clear and require further clarifi cation in multicenter prospective studies.

The paper presents the results of ballistic experiments to study the possibility of reducing the drag of small-sized aircraft, for example, bullets of the Match type for pneumatic weapons by upgrading their shape. The authors proposed the creation of a through cylindrical channel along the longitudinal axis, which ensures the flow of gas from the high-pressure zone in front of the bullet head to the low-pressure zone in the tail track. 5 types of bullet modifications with channels of different diameters are considered. The studies were carried out both with the admission of reversible air flow at the time of the shot, and with its exclusion. As a result, positive effects were identified for certain variants and a decrease in drag of the proposed modifications was estimated.

The aim: To study the current regulation on egg donation in Ukraine as one of the most attractive destinations for reproductive tourism, establish the current loopholes in the legal framework to be addressed when amending Ukrainian legal rules. Materials and methods: The article is based on studying international and regional legal acts, jurisprudence of European Court of Human rights, pieces of national Ukrainian legislation, law drafts submitted to Ukrainian parliament and legal doctrine. The methodology of the article includes dialectical, comparative method and the method of systematic and structural analysis. Conclusions: Existing legal framework in Ukraine has some serious lacunas that can result in violation of rights and interests of donors and of the children. Firstly, the state does not keep the unique state register of donors. Secondly, there are no rules on compensation for egg donor. Lastly, the current Ukrainian legislation does not contain provisions ensuring protection of the child`s right to know about one`s genetic origin, and thus to obtain the identifying infor-mation about the donor. All these issues should be addressed in order to establish a fair balance between the rights and the interests of donors, recipients, the child and the society.

The object of this study was the concrete structures of a chemical enterprise for the production of titanium dioxide. In this case, the ore is decomposed with sulfate acid according to the sulfate production technology. In an aggressive environment, chemical corrosion of concrete occurs, prolonged over time. Using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods, the mineral composition of two prototypes of concrete was determined. It was found that the sample obtained from the workshop for processing ore with sulfate acid showed an increased content of sulfur oxide (SO2) on the surface, by 33%, with a reduced content of carbonates (CaCO3) on the surface, by 52.9%, at a depth of 2cm – by 53.65, compared to another (control) sample. At the same time, iron oxide (Fe2O3) was found on the surface in a sample of concrete from the ore storage room (control), the content of which decreased by 10.4% at a depth of 2cm, and by 12.4% at a depth of 4cm. The results of electron microscopy show sulfur crystals on the surface of a concrete sample. It was also found that the microstructure of concrete was changed under the influence of sulfate corrosion, depending on the intensity of the exposure to a depth of 2 to 4cm. By the method of thermoprogrammed mass spectrometry, it was established that when a sample of concrete exposed to sulfate acid is heated to a temperature of 400°C, sulfur dioxide SO2is released mainly from the surface. From the surface of the control sample, which contains a significant amount of CaCO3, which is easily destroyed by sulfate acid, there is probably a smaller amount of the product of thermal destruction of calcium carbonate carbon dioxide (CO2). The results of the experiment can be used to study the mechanism of development of sulfate corrosion of concrete prolonged over time.

Sustainable development requires implementation of relevant green transformation of countries by providing green policies and extending green technologies and renewable energies. Withal, it requires attracting additional knowledge, human, financial, and natural resources. In this case, countries with higher investment attractiveness have a higher capability to attract additional knowledge and resources to implement mechanisms and policies to achieve sustainable development goals. The effectiveness of public governance is a basic condition for the successful modernization of the economy to develop a positive business climate and attract investment. The paper aims at analysing the impact of institutions’ quality on a country’s investment attractiveness. The objects of research are Ukraine and the EU countries. The study applies correlation and regression analysis to achieve the purpose of the research. The findings show that institutions’ quality has a positive and statistically significant effect on a country’s investment attractiveness in the EU countries. However, in political stability, freedom and quality of governance positively influence a country’s investment attractiveness. Improving political stability by one point promotes the integrated index of a country’s investment attractiveness for the EU country by 0.086 and for Ukraine by 0.016. The impact of the rule of law on a country’s investment attractiveness is not statistically significant. This means that Ukraine has not formed an appropriate and affordable legislation base for attracting investors to the country. Thus, the Ukrainian government should pay attention to legislation for the regulation of social and economic development and energy and resource use.

The article examines the latest modern learning technologies for the training of mathematics teachers in the conditions of digitalization of education. Emphasis is placed on models of the latest didactic technologies in combination with digital ones during the training of mathematics teachers in institutions of higher education: instructional distance learning, resource-oriented learning, innovative project-based learning using digital tools, online learning in collaboration, learning with the help of online - trainings, knowledge control using a digital portfolio., У статті розглядаються сучасні новітні технології навчання при підготовці вчителів-математиків в умовах цифровізації освіти. Акцент робиться на моделях новітніх дидактичних технологій у поєднанні з цифровими під час підготовки вчителів-математиків у закладах вищої освіти: інструктивне дистанційне навчання, ресурсно-орієнтоване навчання, інноваційно-проєктне навчання з використанням цифрових інструментів, онлайн-навчання у співробітництві, навчання за допомогою онлайн-тренінгів, контроль знань за допомогою цифрового портфоліо.

During the COVID-19 pandemic number of patients suffering from symptoms, decreased work ability and the deterioration in quality of life for several weeks and even months after the onset of the disease is increasing. The aim of the literature review is to search and study the existing literature data regarding the lung impairment features in COVID-19, as well as the morphological and pathophysiological prerequisites for the long-term respiratory disorders in patients who have had this disease. The most common complaints of patients after acute COVID-19 are fatigue, dyspnea, cough and chest discomfort. In these cases restrictive pattern in the pulmonary function test, a reduced gas transfer and persistent changes in computed tomography often in the form of fibrosis are observed, less often in the form of bullous-emphysematous changes, bronchiectasis and pleural effusion. The main pathophysiological mechanisms of acute lung impairment in COVID-19 are direct viral toxicity, impaired function of the immune system, hyperinflammatory response, endotheliopathy, microcirculatory disorders and increased blood clotting with small and large vessels thrombosis, which can lead to pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. After the acute phase of COVID-19 the pathology of the lung can be caused by an immunogenic and hyperinflammatory response, hypercoagulability and lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The possible mechanisms of the pulmonary fibrosis are thrombotic processes, hemosiderosis, necrotic capillaritis, angiogenesis, hypoxia, cytokine storm. Thus abnormal immune response, hyperinflammation, endothelial dysfunction and excessive coagulation not only cause pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome in acute COVID-19, but also may persist for a long time and contribute to pulmonary fibrosis in some patients. The causes of a longer duration and increased severity of the lung impairment in some people compared to others are the subject of current investigations.

BACKGROUND. The mechanism of development of post-COVID syndrome is not fully understood. Long-term retention of complaints in patients is associated with long-term persistence of the virus, hyperinflammatory response of the body, as well as with the peculiarities of the patient’s cellular and humoral immunity. Secondary infectious complications in the post-COVID period are due not only to the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to damage erythrocytes and attack the red bone marrow in the acute phase of the disease. It has been proven that the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to the disappearance of white pulp cells in the spleen, the tissue where cells of the immune response, in particular T- and B-lymphocytes responsible for infectious immunity, mature. OBJECTIVE. To investigate the frequency of secondary infectious complications of the respiratory tract and lungs in patients with post-COVID syndrome who underwent inpatient treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data of 90 patients with post-COVID syndrome who were undergoing inpatient treatment in the clinical departments of the SI “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky of the NAMS of Ukraine”. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was established in accordance with the current national protocol for the treatment. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest organs was performed on the Aquilion TSX-101A scanner (Toshiba, Japan). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Complications of COVID-19 were determined according to the clinical and functional, laboratory examination and CT scan of the chest. Some patients had two or more complications at the same time. Patients with post-COVID syndrome were most often hospitalized for progression or slight positive dynamics of the pathological process of the respiratory tract and lungs, disappearing lung syndrome, fibrotic changes in the lungs, exacerbation of bronchoobstructive lung diseases and infectious complications. The latter were observed most often – in 53,3 % of patients. Fungal and bacterial complications occurred secondarily, mainly in patients with disappearing lung syndrome, in places where cystlike cavities were formed. The most common concomitant diseases in patients with post-COVID syndrome were cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS. The proportion of infectious complications of the respiratory tract and lungs in patients with post-COVID syndrome, who are indicated for inpatient treatment in the pulmonology department, is 53.3 %. The most frequent causes of infectious complications of the respiratory tract and lungs in patients with post-COVID syndrome are the reactivation of the Epstein – Barr virus infection – in 30.0 %, which in 2.2 % of patients is combined with the reactivation of the hepatitis C virus, and bacterial infections – in 15.6 %. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis occur in 1.1 and 3.3 % of patients respectively.

Relevance of the study. The development of musical culture takes place in the commonwealth of creative processes of the composer, musician-performer and listener. At the same time, to the last of the listed categories is not given enough attention in modern musicology. This especially applies to music-theoretical explorations of the music listener's participation in the formation of the semantic space of a musical work. The focus is on the category of the mass (average) listener, the vast majority of whom do not know much about music. The purpose of the article is to consider the function of the average music listener in the integral communicative structure of a musical work, which is expressed by the sequence: composer — performer — listener. The methodology. The theoretical position proposed in the article is based on the key points of the concept of musical interpretation by V. G. Moskalenko. It is about the understanding of intonation, the music-intonation triad, in which the movement of musical thinking from the intonation model to the intonation-result is symbolically presented, as well as three types of the text of a musical work. To analyze the creative function of the listener in the semantic field of a musical work, a musical-genetic approach is used, which is indicative of the movement of musical thought from its ancestral foundations to the final result. In this aspect, the following are developing: A) M. Mykhaylov's theoretical approach regarding intonation bases of creative activity of musical thinking; B) terminological differentiation of the principle of musical intonation in relation to the composer, musician-performer and listener. Results and conclusions. The formation of the semantic space of a musical work is considered in the trinity of the creative action of the composer, musician-performer and listener. In the category of music listeners, two types are distinguished: professional and average (mass) listener. The focus is on the average listener. The research uses the musical-genetic method, which involves the sequential movement of musical or cognitive thought from the ancestral foundations through the stage of formation to the final result. Three groups of texts of a musical work are identified, which are informants about its artistic identity: sheet music, text-sound and psychological text. The role of the psychological text in the formation of the semantic field of a musical work is emphasized. In the development of M. Mykhaylov's intonation concept of musical thinking, the effect of the three-link structure of the formation of the musical thought of the composer, the musician-performer, and the average listener is separately traced. The importance of the relatively independent function of the average listener in the social "biography" of the interpretive life of a musical work is emphasized, which ultimately affects the variant renewal and even the development of its semantic field. The conclusion is made about the need to support the development of the intonation-creative initiative of the average listener in any possible way conditions of modern forms.

Purpose: review of domestic and foreign studies in the field of Internet addiction. Materials and methods. A review of the literature is presented and scientific studies on the prevalence of Internet addiction according to researchers from various countries are analyzed. The authors conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI (eLIBRARY.RU) and others databases. Results. Internet addiction is widespread among children, adolescents and adolescents, and every year their number is increasing. In most of the studies conducted to identify internet addiction, the most accessible research methods were used – questionnaires, questionnaires. Individuals of early adolescence who are prone to Internet addiction have anxiety-depressive states, difficulties in doing work, and high excitability. Conclusion. The results of studies of Internet addiction conducted in different countries of the world prove that this phenomenon has a worldwide prevalence and currently there are questions about the nosological affiliation, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, and especially the prevention of Internet addiction.

В статье раскрывается методологическая функциональность и область применения мир-системного подхода в анализе документально-исторических и литературных текстов и определяется роль образов власти в актуализации хронотопа литературных произведений о «Других» в рамках имагологии как науки, изучающей не просто образы Других с сопоставительной точки зрения, а в их манипулятивной, социально-идеологической функции в качестве средства формирования и трансформации национально-культурной идентичности. Образ лидера, т.н. «властителя эпохи» (субъект структурирования пространства и времени) как интерпретационной точки отсчета оживляет политическое время и отражает геополитические реалии. The article reveals methodological functionality and area of application of the world-system approach in analysis of historical non-fiction and fiction and determines the role of images of power for actualization of the chronotope of literary works on Others within the framework of imagology as a branch of science that studies images of Others not only in their comparative meaning but also from the point of view of their manipulative potential that builds and transforms national and cultural identity. The image of a leader, a so-called Ruler of Era (subject of space and time structuring) as an interpretive reference point revives political time and reflects geopolitical realities.

Diffractograms of rotated polyaniline fiber grating were studied experimentally. Based on the obtained results, the diffraction patterns were analyzed and set of experimental data obtained after image digitization was approximated by the least squares method. The angle of rotation of the diffraction grating was calculated using the determined coefficients of the second-order curves.

These studies deal with analysis and selection of neural networks with various architectures and hybrid models, which include neural networks, to predict the market value of shares in the stock market of a country that is in the process of unstable development. Analysis and forecasting of such stock markets cannot be carried out using classical methods. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop software systems that implement algorithmic support for predicting the market value of shares in Ukraine. The introduction of such software systems in the circuit of investment decisionmaking in companies that are interested in increasing the information transparency of the Ukrainian stock market will improve the forecasts of the market value of shares. This, in turn, will help improve the investment climate and ensure the growth of investment in the Ukrainian economy. The analysis of the results of existing studies on the use of neural networks and other methods of computational intelligence for modeling the behavior of stock market participants and market forecasting has been carried out. The article presents the results of a study for the using of neural networks with various architectures for predicting the market value of shares in the stock markets of Ukraine. Four shares of the Ukrainian Stock Exchange were chosen for forecasting: Centrenergo (CEEN); Ukrtelecom (UTLM); Kriukivs’kyi Vahonobudivnyi Zavod PAT (KVBZ); Raiffeisen Bank Aval (BAVL). The following models were chosen for the experimental study: long short-term memory LSTM; convolutional neural network CNN; a hybrid model combining two neural networks CNN and LSTM; a hybrid model consisting of a variational mode decomposition algorithm and a long-term memory neural network (VMD-LSTM); hybrid VMD-CNN-LSTM deep learning model based on variational mode (VMD) and two neural networks. Estimates of forecast quality based on various metrics were calculated. It is concluded that the use of the hybrid model VMD-CNN-LSTM gives the minimum error in predicting the market value of the shares of Ukrainian enterprises. It is also advisable to use the VMD-LSTM model to predict the stock exchanges of countries with an unstable economy.

Due to the increase in cargo turnover, cargo operations and the number of ships transit through the Northern Sea Route, a great increase in the number and total amount of oil pollution from ships in the polar region is predicted. The article provides information about the distance of oil pollution places from the bases of forces and means for oil spill cleanup. The data on the command structure and their equipment are presented. The necessity of taking measures to eliminate oil pollutions as soon as possible is represented. For the implementation of prompt response to oil pollution, a system for supplying an active substance to the pollution zone is proposed, its composition and principle of operation are described. The STRG brand sorbent was chosen as the active substance. The authors express an opinion about the required use of such systems on icebreakers, supplier ships in the oil fields and rescue ships.

This article is about how crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems can be used during crises and hostilities. This article provides examples of different types of possible crowd-system. Research subject. Crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems as the institutional instruments (P2P) which are used during crises and hostilities, among them are as follows: Violence Crowdfunding systems, General Crowdfunding Systems, and Crowdinvesting Systems alike. Methodology. The authors used a complex of research methods and approached as interdisciplinary approach, evidence-based approach, and practical business cases. Also, general scientific research methods were used (analysis and synthesis of information), as well as an inductive and deductive research methods. The goal of the article is to consider the prospects for the use of crowdfunding platforms as an element of solving the military crisis on the territory of Ukraine. Conclusions. The Special attention was paid to the war crises in Ukraine and the situation of the crowdfunding and crowdinvesting systems in Ukrainian society. It is provided detailed examples of the use of crowdsourcing systems in Ukraine during the war nowadays and explained the need for the creation of an independent Ukrainian crowdfunding platform. Additionally, the ways of the creation of such a platform are clarified. Ukrainian society during the military crisis gained experience in crowdfunding that was not familiar or even available. However, Ukrainian society is very actively popularizing crowdfunding or rather its foundations. Crowdfunding is currently most common when looking for funding for military needs: from mass arms purchases to financing individual soldiers. In a short time, thanks to the stress of war, many people have made crowdfunding a part of their lives and instilled this habit in society. The first crowdfunding platforms are already appearing to give Ukrainians the opportunity to fund some Ukrainian startups, companies, and ideas. One of the most difficult elements in creating and launching a crowdfunding platform is not building the platform itself, but integrating it. A decade ago, the creation of a crowdfunding platform and integration of the entire crowdfunding system, was a complicated and costly procedure. The most difficult thing is to integrate the platform into society so that mass use can begin.

Introduction. The problem of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remains an urgent issue of modern medicine, and arterial stiffness is its independent predictor. Lively discussions about the correct approach to the prevention and treatment of comorbid conditions – increased vascular stiffness as an influential factor of the cardiovascular events and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis), primarily arise against the background of the need and safety of calcium and vitamin D supplements. The purpose was to search for literature data as for possible common pathogenetic links in the progression of arterial stiffness and the development of osteoporosis in order to assess the safety of the use of drugs to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Results. Analysis of literature sourses had showed that possible osteogenic factors affecting arterial stiffness may be: secondary hyperparathyroidism, disbalance of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, inhibition of vitamin K-dependent matrix proteins (Gla-protein), osteopontin, etc. Conclusions. Today, there are many hypotheses confirming the possible influence of osteogenic factors on vascular stiffness and arterial calcification. Therefore, the search for sensitive markers and the development of screening protocols for the patients with risk factors for both osteoporosis and vascular changes are extremely relevant. A special issue is the possibility of using monotherapy for these comorbid pathologies, which can safely and efficiently influence the prevention of complications – both low-energy osteoporotic fractures and cardiovascular catastrophes. This will be the focus of our further research.