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A previously healthy boy of preschool age was brought to the emergency department by ambulance with respiratory distress following the accidental inhalation of food contact dust (cake decorating powder). Prehospital oxygen saturations were 80% in room air. Initial treatment was with oxygen, nebulised salbutamol, oral dexamethasone and intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Treatment was escalated to nasal high flow oxygen therapy and high dependency care within 8 hours. Lung fields on his initial chest X-ray were clear but the following day showed perihilar infiltrates extending into the lower zones in keeping with inflammation. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by a weaning dose of oral prednisolone over 14 days.He required oxygen therapy for 9 days and remained in hospital for 11 days. Outpatient follow-up, 24 days after the inhalation took place was reassuring with the child showing no signs of abnormal respiratory symptoms.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is one of the most commonly used warm-season turfgrasses in the southern areas and transition zone of the United States. Due to the increasing demand for water resources and periodic drought, it is important to improve the drought resistance of bermudagrass for water savings and persistence under drought stress. This study was conducted to determine whether experimental bermudagrass genotypes have improved drought resistance compared with the standard cultivars Tifway and Riley’s Super Sport (Celebration®) at Stillwater, OK. The trials were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications in Expt. I and three replications in Expt. II. In each experiment, genotypes were subjected to progressive acute drought conditions using polyethylene waterproof tarps to exclude precipitation over a period of at least 72 d. Bermudagrass entries were evaluated for turfgrass quality, leaf firing, normalized difference vegetation index, and live green cover at least once each week during the dry-down. Substantial drought response variations were found in this study, and all parameters were positively and highly correlated. A turf performance index (TPI) was assembled based on the number of times an entry ranked in the top statistical group across all testing parameters on each date. ‘DT-1’ (TifTuf®) and OSU1221 had the top TPI in both experiments. Most of bermudagrass experimental genotypes had equal or greater TPI than the standard Tifway, showing improved drought resistance through breeding effects. The identification of superior drought resistance experimental genotypes provided useful information to breeders on cultivar release.

Composite materials and especially those made from pre-impregnated (prepreg) material are widely used in the aerospace industry. To achieve the tight assembly dimensional tolerances required, manufacturers rely on additional manufacturing steps like shimming or machining, which generate extra waste, which are time-consuming and expensive. Prepreg sheets come naturally with fiber and resin volume content variability that leads manufacturers to guarantee cured ply thicknesses within a typical +/−5% margin of their nominal values. For thick laminates, this can equate to a thickness variability of as much as a few millimeter. To solve the issue, it is proposed to twin in situ laser measurements of the uncured prepreg thickness with numerical simulations of the laminate autoclave consolidation and cure process and to adjust the number of additional sacrificial plies in the laminate based on the model predictions. This reduces the need for expensive and time-consuming trial and error approaches, extra machining operations, and results in the production of a part with high accuracy dimensions. Data for IM7/8552 and IM7/977-3 are presented to demonstrate the potential of the method to reach an almost exact target thickness for flat panels.

It is now well established that human-induced species extinctions and habitat degradation are currently occurring at unprecedented rates. To halt and reverse this decline, the international community adopted the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), as part of the Kunming–Montreal Biodiversity Package, in December 2022. We clarify what this new framework means for conservation zoos and aquariums in their mission to prevent species extinction by highlighting areas of focus. We explain why it is necessary that conservation zoos and aquariums establish the appropriate mechanisms for contributing towards such a framework to help validate their role in the 21st Century. Conservation zoos and aquariums should be reassured that much of their work already fits within the GBF. However, the current mechanisms for individual zoos and aquariums to directly contribute to the implementation of the GBF mostly rely on close collaboration with individual national governments and/or are only possible at a national level. It is therefore critical that national, regional, and global zoo membership organisations take a leading role in championing the work of their members. Equally, adequately linking the efforts of zoos and aquariums to the national implementation of international instruments, such as the GBF, is imperative to ensure that these organizations’ contributions feed into the understanding we have of global progress towards the implementation of international instruments.

This trial determined the effect of compost on mixed species pasture. Existing (five year old) perennial ryegrass provided the control. A mixture of perennial ryegrass, white clover and plantain was sown into sprayed-out treatment plots, giving five replicates of six treatments. One treatment was direct drilled another was cultivated and drilled. The remaining three were spread with compost (50, 100 or 150 t/hawet weight) and cultivated. Plots were mown at 35 d intervals for two years with clippings returned to the sward. Although grass established well at 500 plants/m2 plantain quickly came to dominate in all renewed plots, at 55-61% of DM in year 1 and 57-79% of DM in year 2. Grass contributed 29-35% of DM in year 1 and 10-30% in year 2, with clover 5-8% in year 1 and 10-14% in year 2. Grass dominated control plots (73and 82% DM, respectively), while clover contributed more DM in absence of plantain (22% and 17%). Compost did not affect production. Cultivation gave a slight advantage over direct drilling, but new swards produced

Purpose of Review Elevated prevalence of autism characteristics is reported in genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability. This review summarises recent evidence on the behavioural heterogeneity of autism in the following syndromes: Fragile X, Cornelia de Lange, Williams, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Down, Smith-Magenis, and tuberous sclerosis complex. Key considerations for assessment and support are discussed. Recent Findings The profile and developmental trajectory of autism-related behaviour in these syndromes indicate some degree of syndrome specificity which may interact with broader behavioural phenotypes (e.g. hypersociability), intellectual disability, and mental health (e.g. anxiety). Genetic subtype and co-occurring epilepsy within syndromes contribute to increased significance of autism characteristics. Autism-related strengths and challenges are likely to be overlooked or misunderstood using existing screening/diagnostic tools and criteria, which lack sensitivity and specificity within these populations. Summary Autism characteristics are highly heterogeneous across genetic syndromes and often distinguishable from non-syndromic autism. Autism diagnostic assessment practices in this population should be tailored to specific syndromes. Service provisions must begin to prioritise needs-led support.

Phosphorylated biomarkers are crucial for our understanding of drug mechanism of action and dose selection during clinical trials, particularly for drugs that target protein kinases, such as DNA-damage-response (DDR) inhibitors. However, tissue fixation conditions needed to preserve DDR-specific phospho-biomarkers have not been previously investigated. Using xenograft tissues and tightly controlled formalin fixation conditions, we assessed how preanalytical factors affect phosphorylated DDR biomarkers pRAD50(Ser635), ɣH2AX(Ser139), pKAP1(Ser824), and non-phosphorylated biomarkers cMYC and ATM. Cold ischemia times ranged from 15 min to 6 hr, and the fixation duration ranged from 24 hr to 4 weeks. Epitopes pRAD50 and pKAP1 appeared the most labile assessed with staining loss after just 15 min of cold ischemia time, while ATM was more robust showing consistent expression up to 1 hr of cold ischemia. Notably, ɣH2AX expression was lost with formalin fixation over 48 hr. The use of core needle biopsies where possible and novel fixation methods such as the 2-step temperature-controlled formalin approach may improve phosphorylated biomarker preservation; however, practical challenges may affect wider clinical application. The most essential tissue-processing step when downstream analysis includes DDR phosphorylated biomarkers is immediate tissue submersion in formalin, without delay, upon excision from the patient, followed by room temperature fixation for 24 hr.

O presente artigo aborda um tema essencial para a compreensão dos princípios que regem a Administração Pública no Brasil. Tais princípios possuem valor normativo constitucional, sendo estes representados, principalmente, no caput do artigo 37 da Constituição Federal de 1988, como os princípios da legalidade, efetividade, moralidade, publicidade e impessoalidade. Por outro lado, outros são expressos em outras normas constitucionais e/ou infraconstitucionais, como o princípio da razoabilidade e do interesse público, os quais possuem uma alta relevância para o entendimento quanto à função da Administração Pública e são inseridos em diversos contextos da lei. O artigo busca mostrar os conceitos de referidos princípios e como estes são observados no ordenamento jurídico, utilizando argumentos doutrinários para estabelecer um conteúdo explicativo e informativo.

PURPOSE: The uninsured rate began rising after 2016, which some have attributed to health policies undermining aspects of the Affordable Care Act. Our primary objectives were to assess the changes in insurance coverage and forgoing medical care because of cost in cancer survivors from pre-enactment (2016) through postenactment of those policies (2019) and determine whether there were subgroups that were disproportionately affected. METHODS: The 2016-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys were queried for 18- to 64-year-old cancer survivors. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to assess temporal changes in (1) insurance coverage and (2) forgoing medical appointments because of cost in the preceding 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 62,669 cancer survivors were identified. The percentage of insured cancer survivors decreased from 92.4% in 2016 to 90.4% in 2019 (odds ratio for change in insurance coverage or affordability per one-year increase [ORyear], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.98; P = .01), translating to 161,000 fewer cancer survivors in the United States with insurance coverage. There were decreases in employer-sponsored insurance coverage (ORyear, 0.89) but increases in Medicaid coverage (ORyear, 1.17) from 2016 to 2019. Forgoing medical appointments because of cost increased from 17.9% in 2016 to 20.0% in 2019 (ORyear, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.1; P = .025), affecting an estimated 169,000 cancer survivors. The greatest changes were observed among individuals with low income, particularly those residing in nonexpansion states. CONCLUSION: Between 2016 and 2019, there were 161,000 fewer cancer survivors in the United States with insurance coverage, and 169,000 forwent medical care because of cost.

Renal reactivity to angiotensin II (ANG II) is mediated by superoxide signaling produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX)A1/NOX1. Acute vasoconstriction of renal arteries by ANG was blunted in Noxa1−/− compared with wild-type mice. NOXA1/NOX1/O2•− signaling was also observed in ANG II stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells and isolated mesenteric resistance arteries, indicating that it contributes to ANG II-induced hypertension. A NOXA1/NOX1 assembly inhibitor (C25) has been characterized that inhibits superoxide production and ameliorates the effects of ANG II.

See No Stranger: A Memoir and Manifesto of Revolutionary Love, by Valerie Kaur. London: One World, 2020. 416 pp. $15.99 ISBN: 0525509119

Objective The training competency of individual and cultural diversity is an advanced, fundamental competency to health service psychology since 2015. However, there is minimal instruction on how to integrate it into training curricula in neuropsychology, especially at the postdoctoral fellowship level. Our objective was to operationalize the individual and cultural diversity standard to provide a tangible application for educational programs on how to develop a competency-based training model for Latinx/a/o-Hispanic (L/H) cultural neuropsychology across the lifespan. Method The knowledge-based and applied-based competencies necessary to train to be a cultural neuropsychologist delivering services to L/H patients and families are defined. For learners to complete these competencies, training programs need to implement clinical, didactic, research, and professional development core guidelines grounded in cultural neuropsychology. We provide a framework on how to transform each core guideline, including a Didactics Core with foundational readings across a range of L/H topics, and a Report Template to guide the documentation of sociocultural information, language usage, normative data, and other relevant factors in a neuropsychological report. Conclusions These cultural neuropsychology competencies and core guidelines need to become a basic core requirement for all neuropsychologists in training. With focused education in culturally based competencies, training programs can cultivate a sense of responsibility, inclusion, justice, and equity to train a generation of neuropsychologists, who intentionally and consistently practice socially responsible neuropsychology.

Despite the ubiquity of campus food insecurity, it has often been an issue silent, faceless, and ignored. Only within the last decade has it received recognition as a national crisis (McCoy et al., 2022). Perhaps because college is widely regarded as a privileged endeavor, requiring substantial tuition dollars from students and their families, food insecurity has not received the attention or resources that it deserves. Although policy-level and administrative changes should take the lead in addressing the issue, student-led groups have played a role in initiating action. Campus Food Shed (CFS), a University of Wisconsin-Madison student organization, seeks to address these concerns. Spearheaded by students, the organization partners with local grocery stores and research farms to distribute leftover food items, assisting peers across the UW-Madison campus with access to free, nutritious food. As UW-Madison alumni, our experiences through CFS have brought to our attention nationwide concerns regarding food insecurity (Goldrick-Rab et al., 2017). In addition, studies across the country over the last five years have demonstrated the severity of food insecurity for many college and university students (Baker-Smith et al., 2020; Broton & Cady, 2020; Broton & Goldrick-Rab, 2017; Laska et al., 2020; Watson et al., 2017). . . .

SummaryProtein microarrays are a promising technology that measure protein levels in serum or plasma samples. Due to the high technical variability of these assays and high variation in protein levels across serum samples in any population, directly answering biological questions of interest using protein microarray measurements is challenging. Using within-array ranks of protein levels for analysis can mitigate the impact of between-sample variation on downstream analysis. Although ranks are sensitive to pre-processing steps, ranking methods that accommodate uncertainty provide robust and loss-function optimal ranks. Such ranking methods require Bayesian modeling that produces full posterior distributions for parameters of interest. Bayesian models that produce such outputs have been developed for other assays, for example DNA microarrays, but those modeling assumptions are not appropriate for protein microarrays. We develop and evaluate a Bayesian model to extract a full posterior distribution of normalized fluorescent signals and associated ranks for protein microarrays, and show that it fits well to data from two studies that use protein microrarrays from different manufacturing processes. We validate the model via simulation and demonstrate the downstream impact of using estimates from this model to obtain optimal ranks.

Next-generation oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (ngSERDs) are aiming to become the backbone endocrine therapy (ET) for patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) by achieving greater ER signaling blockade than current therapies and tackling key mechanisms of resistance. Camizestrant (AZD9833) is an ngSERD for the treatment of ER+ BC which has demonstrated selective ERα degradation, pure ER antagonism and significant anti-tumor activity in ESR1 wild-type (ESR1wt) and mutant (ESR1m) tumors, as well as encouraging clinical activity in early phase trials. ER+ BC is responsive to therapies targeting ER and CDK4/6 signaling in the adjuvant and metastatic settings. To explore camizestrant combination potential as a backbone ET, camizestrant was partnered with either palbociclib or abemaciclib in CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) naïve and resistant in vitro and in vivo models. Combination benefit was observed in vitro in 3 parental ER+ BC cell lines, moreover camizestrant plus abemaciclib showed activity in palbociclib-resistant cell lines including lines harboring CCNE1amp and RB1 loss. In vivo, combination of camizestrant and either CDK4/6i was well tolerated with the combinations promoting improved efficacy in ESR1wt and ESR1m PDX tumor models compared to monotherapy arms. ER+ BC has a high prevalence of alterations in the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway which provides opportunities for treatment with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors. Camizestrant delivered enhanced efficacy when combined with mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus and AKT inhibitor capivasertib in CTC-174, an ESR1m and PI3KCAm tumor model. Additionally, combination with capivasertib was more efficacious than single treatments, at clinically relevant dose and schedules, in both PI3Kwt and mutated pathway in PDX models. These data demonstrate the interplay between PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway inhibition and camizestrant mechanism of action. Finally, we explored a potential triple combination of camizestrant, capivasertib and palbociclib in Palbociclib-resistant models representative of PI3KCA/AKT/PTEN wt and altered tumors. This strategy delivered robust efficacy across these models comparing to single treatments and double combinations. The triplet led to durable regressions at clinically achievable doses of all compounds, irrespective of genetic background and aligned to biomarker modulation of the three signaling axis. These preclinical data demonstrate the potential of camizestrant to become the backbone ET, with high combinability in vivo with inhibitors of CDK4/6, mTOR and AKT. These combinations demonstrate the opportunity to impact care of patients with early and metastatic ER+BC, delivering benefit to broad patient populations including those with ESR1wt or ESR1m tumors, independent of PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway mutation status, and in patients with both CDK4/6i sensitive and resistant tumors. Citation Format: Larissa Carnevalli, Susana Ros, Jelena Urosevic, Natalie Cureton, Sophie Darcy, Mandy Lawson, Stuart Williamson, Pablo Morentin Gutierrez, Azadeh Bashi, Jennifer Moss, Christopher Morrow, Barry Simon, Teresa Klinowska. PD10-04 Combination of the next generation oral SERD camizestrant (AZD9833) with CDK4/6 and mTOR/AKT inhibitors delivers robust efficacy in a broad range of ER+ breast tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-04.