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Additional file 1: Table S1. Profiles of Drug-Resistant TB patients. Fig. S1. Representative flow cytometric analysis of PBMC in subjects with DS-TB and DR-TB. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by flow cytometry, representative analysis of one subject is showed. Cells gate was selected on the base of forward scatter (FSC)/side scatter (SSC). Then, singles FSC ad SSC dot plot were realized, posteriorly live cells gate was restricted (Pe-Texas Red negative), and CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes cells were identified. From the CD3+CD4+ gate, the co-expression of CD25+ and FOXP3 was measured to identify four subpopulations; activated CD4+ T cells (Q1: CD4+CD25+FOXP3-), conventional Treg cells (Q2: CD4+CD25+FOXP3+), unconventional Treg cells (Q3: CD4+CD25-FOXP3+), and others CD4+ T cells (Q4: CD4+CD25-FOXP3-) (A). Then, the expressions of tmTNF, tmTNFR1, and tmTNFR2 were measured in each CD4+ subpopulation (black histogram), FMO was used to identify the background signal (gray histogram) (B). Finally, from live cells gate, CD3+CD4+ cells were identified, and then the expressions CD45RA and CCR7 expression were evaluated: Naïve (CD45RA+/CCR7+), central memory (TCM, CD45RA-/CCR7+), effector memory (TEM, CD45RA-/CCR7-), and effector memory RA (TEMRA, CD45RA+/CCR7-) (C). Fig. S2. TEMRA and Naïve CD4+ T cells subpopulations are lower in DR-TB than in DS-TB after anti-TB therapy. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) from DS-TBand DR-TB patients were obtained at diagnosis time (basal), 2 months (2m) and 6 months (6m) of starting the anti-TB therapy, PBMC were prepared for flow cytometry. Then, frequency of CD4+ cell populations were measured: TEMRA cells (CD4+CD45RA+CCR7-) (A), Naïve cells (CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+) (B), EM cells (CD4+CD45RA-CCR7+)(C), and CM cells (CD4+CD45RA-CCR7-) (D). DS-TB=11, DR-TB=7. Bar graphs showing means ± SEM. One Way ANOVA with Dunn's post-test multiple comparisons tests.