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Notre article analyse les déterminants et le processus d’émergence d’un regroupement entre des acteurs publics et privés dans l’enseignement supérieur sur un territoire. Nous retenons comme cadre théorique celui de la nouvelle gouvernance publique et présentons une revue de la littérature sur les partenariats public-privé, instruments de l’action publique et sur la coopétition, concept mobilisé en stratégie. Nous montrons enfin que le processus de structuration de la ComUE UCA relève d’une stratégie de coopétition public-privé et s’insère dans le cadre conceptuel de la nouvelle gouvernance publique., We analyse the key factors and mechanisms controlling the creation of local clusters between public and private actors in higher education. Using the new public governance framework, we present a literature review on public-private partnerships, public policy instruments, and “coopetition”, a concept borrowed from strategic management. We show that the processes undelying ComEU UCA reflect a strategy of public-private coopetition, consistent with the new public governance framework., Nuestro artículo analiza las determinantes y los procesos de surgimiento de agrupamientos en un territorio determinado entre actores públicos y privados en la enseñanza superior. Retenemos aquí como marco teórico el de la nueva gobernancia pública y pasamos revista de la literatura sobre las colaboraciones público-privado, sobre los instrumentos de la acción pública y sobre la coopetición, concepto utilizado en estrategia. Y por fin, mostramos que el proceso de estructuración de la ComUE UCA es el fruto de una estrategia de coopetición público-privado y que entra dentro del marco conceptual de la nueva gobernancia pública.

The rapid accumulation of numerous sequenced genomes has provided a golden opportunity for ancestral state reconstruction studies, especially in the whole genome reconstruction area. However, most ancestral genome reconstruction methods developed so far only focus on gene or replicon sequences instead of whole genomes. They rely largely on either detailed modeling of evolutionary events or edit distance computation, both of which can be computationally prohibitive for large data sets. Hence, most of these methods can only be applied to a small number of features and species. In this dissertation, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of an ancestral genome reconstruction system (REGEN) for bacteria. It is the first bacterial genome reconstruction tool that focuses on ancestral state reconstruction at the genome scale instead of the gene scale. It not only reconstructs ancestral gene content and contiguous gene runs using either a maximum parsimony or a maximum likelihood criterion but also replicon structures of each ancestor. Based on the reconstructed genomes, it can infer all major events at both the gene scale, such as insertion, deletion, and translocation, and the replicon scale, such as replicon gain, loss, and merge. REGEN finishes by producing a visual representation of the entire evolutionary history of all genomes in the study. With a model-free reconstruction method at its core, the computational requirement for ancestral genome reconstruction is reduced sufficiently for the tool to be applied to large data sets with dozens of genomes and thousands of features. To achieve as accurate a reconstruction as possible, we also develop a homologous gene family prediction tool for preprocessing. Furthermore, we build our in-house Prokaryote Genome Evolution simulator (PEGsim) for evaluation purposes. The homologous gene family prediction refinement module can refine homologous gene family predictions generated by third party de novo prediction programs by combining phylogeny and local gene synteny. We show that such refinement can be accomplished for up to 80% of homologous gene family predictions with ambiguity (mixed families). The genome evolution simulator, PEGsim, is the first random events based high level bacteria genome evolution simulator with models for all common evolutionary events at the gene, replicon, and genome scales. The concepts of conserved gene runs and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are also built in. We show the validation of PEGsim itself and the evaluation of the last reconstruction component with simulated data produced by it. REGEN, REconstruction of GENomes, is an ancestral genome reconstruction tool based on the concept of neighboring gene pairs (NGPs). Although it does not cover the reconstruction of actual nucleotide sequences, it is capable of reconstructing gene content, contiguous genes runs, and replicon structure of each ancestor using either a maximum parsimony or a maximum likelihood criterion. Based on the reconstructed genomes, it can infer all major events at both the gene scale, such as insertion, deletion, and translocation, and the replicon scale, such as replicon gain, loss, and merge. REGEN finishes by producing a visual representation of the entire evolutionary history of all genomes in the study. Ph. D.

Comunicação apresentada no XXII Congresso Internacional do Centro Latino Americano para el Desarollo (CLAD) sobre a Reforma do Estado e da Administração Pública, no painel "Boa governança e desenvolvimento sustentável instrumentos de reforma da capacitação do Estado", realizado em Madrid, 14 a 17 de novembro de 2017