Search

Enzyme is one of the ingredients used in several tanning processes such as bating. Bating is generally conducted under alkaline conditions, but it can also be carried out under acidic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate mechanical and physical properties of wet blue following bating conducted under acidic conditions treated with enzymes synthesized by R. oligosporus compared to those of the conventional process. This study was arranged on a completely randomized design with a single factor, i.e., five levels of enzyme activity (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 U mL-1). The results showed that the use of enzymes from R. oligosporus influenced positively mechanical properties of the wet blue produced. Increasing levels of enzyme activity produced significantly higher tear strength and lower elongation at break values. No significant differences in tensile strength were observed following applications of both the synthesized and conventional enzymes. The synthesized enzyme was best applied at an activity level of 5 U mL-1 producing leather with good tear strength (55.40 ± 5.49 N mm-1) and elongation at break (45.63 ± 4.17 %) values, which were significantly different from those of 0 U mL-1, but not significantly different from those of 10 U mL-1 and the conventional process. Mechanical properties of the leather produced met the standard values for goat/sheep leather jacket as specified in Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 4593:2011. The results suggest that the synthesized enzyme from R. oligosporus can potentially replace the conventional enzyme commonly used in the bating process.

Permasalahan kesulitan keuangan yang bisa menyebabkan kebangkrutan terjadi pada industri penyamak kulit di Sukaregang-Garut. Kondisi ini terlihat dari menurunnya jumlah industri penyamak kulit. Disisi lain jumlah industri penyamak kulit yang menggunakan fasilitas pinjamann dengan sistem bunga jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi keberlanjutan industri penyamak kulit dengan struktur modal pinjaman sistem bunga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kebangkrutan Altman Z-Score . Rasio Modal Kerja Terhadap Total Asset (X1), Rasio Laba di Tahan Terhadap Total Asset(X2), Rasio Laba Terhadap Total Asset (X3) dan Rasio Equitas Terhadap Hutang (X4) semakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya struktur modal pinjaman sistem bunga. Jumlah pinjaman dengan sistem bunga tidak mempengaruhi nilai Rasio pendapatan terhadap total asset (X5). Rasio Pinjaman di atas 50 peresen pada industri penyamak kulit akan menurunkan potensi keberlanjutan usaha atau menaikan potensi kebangkrutan

Chicken meat agroindustry is one of the industries that produce unmeasured and unmonitored environmental impacts. These problems are a challenge for the industry to analyze how to measure and monitor environmental impacts. So, it is necessary to create a system that can measure and monitor environmental impacts through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The development of system design based on the Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE) can facilitate interaction between the stakeholders involved. This study aimed to analyse system components, system modeling, and develop an LCA system design of chicken meat. The system design model wasbuilt by UML (Unified Modeling Language). The system design was developed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method to predict the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to determine the most significant contributor. The study's results showed that this system produceed a model that can predict the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by 96.22 % of the actual value, and feed was the most significant contributor. Recommendations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions were increasing feed efficiency, installing an inverter on an ammonia compressor, using environmentally friendly fuels, and utilizing litter and manure as organic fertilizer accompanied by better manure storage management.Keywords: artificial neural network, chicken meat, ordinary least square, life cycle assessment system

Financing risk is a condition of uncertainty that affects the success of a business to gain profit. Meanwhile, profitability is the ability to generate profits based on the capital owned. This study aims to analyze the risk and profitability of financing in the tapioca agro- industry using an interest-free calculation basis. The data used are primary data from field observations at the center of tapioca agro-industry in Ciluar, Bogor Regency, and secondary data from literature studies. The analysis is carried out by calculating the risk of loss and profitability of financing using the assumption of an acceptance rate of 10% of the total capital and when the level of acceptance falls -10% of the total capital owned. Furthermore, a comparison is made between tapioca agro-industries that use an interest-bearing financing scheme and an interest-free financing scheme which includes variables of risk of loss, income level, and profitability level. The research results prove that the bigger the loan used, the greater the risk to be borne. Another finding, interest-free financing in the tapioca agro- industry has a higher rate of return and income than interest-bearing financing

Interest-free financing in agro-industry is an exciting topic that has been developed by many researchers, but there is no clarity regarding the road map for future research. Therefore, formulations such as concepts, theories, methods, and research gaps, focusing on interest-free financing in agro-industry, are essential. This literature study was conducted using a systematic literature review method. The data used are secondary data from textbooks, theses/dissertations, conference papers, journals, scientific articles, and working papers. This study resulted in the formulation of the theory, concepts, and methods studied in the form of an explanation of 8 sub-topics of research gaps supported by references and explanations of state of the art. They are making it easier for researchers who have the same interest in developing and looking for novelties with the topic of interest-free financing research in the agro-industry.

Leather is a product obtained from the conversion process of raw skin/hide into leather. The process generate a number of wastes with a high pollutant content, especially waste water. The waste contributes to the formation of carbon emission. Awareness on environmental sustainability also requires the industry to improve its production system to make it more eco-friendly. Improvements will increase production and the industry reputation. Before making improvements to the production system, it is necessary to carry out an analysis related to the carbon emissions produced in producing a product. The objectives of this study were to calculate carbon emission (carbon footprint) that generates in the leather tannery process and to give alternative strategy for the environmental improvement. The research used primary data and secondary data. This research was carried out with the processes identification, carbon emission sources identification, an analysis of the carbon emission potential amount, and a study of strategies to minimize carbon formation in the tannery. The results of the analysis showed that electricity and wastewater were sources of carbon in the production process of leather. The total of carbon emission formed in the leather tanning process was 1,692.17 kg CO2 eq per batch, where wastewater contributed more than electricity. Further analysis showed that 1 m2 of leather produced 8.08 kg CO2 eq of carbon. The strategies that can be taken to reduce carbon emissions are engineering processes, material substitution, and using eco-friendly materials. Keywords: carbon footprint, leather, tannery

Kinerja KarbonAktif dari Kulit Singkong............180Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 30 (2): 180-189KINERJA KARBONAKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG DALAM MENURUNKAN KONSENTRASI FOSFAT PADA AIR LIMBAH LAUNDRY PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATEDCARBONFROM CASSAVA PEEL IN REDUCING PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION IN LAUNDRY LIQUID WASTEIllah Sailah*, Fitri Mulyaningsih, Andes Ismayana, Tyara Puspaningrum, Anis Annisa Adnan, Nastiti Siswi IndrastiDepartemenTeknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian BogorKampus IPB Darmaga PO Box 220, Bogor 16002E-mail: illahsailah@apps.ipb.ac.id, Makalah: Diterima 1Juni2020; Diperbaiki 30 Juli2020; Disetujui 10 Agustus2020ABSTRACTCassava peelhas high carboncontent.It becomes potential as an adsorbent in adsorbing laundry phosphate compounds. Utilization of cassava peel into activated charcoal is an effort to reduce waste from the cassava processing industries. This study usedtwo types of activated carbonfrom cassava peel, i.e. acid activated charcoal usingHCl 0.4 M and alkaline activated charcoal using KOH 0.4 M. The objectives of this research were to determine: (1) the optimum contact time of adsorption at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min treatment time; (2) the optimum pH value of adsorption at pH 4, 6, 8, and 10; and (3) the adsorption capacity using adsorbent concentration treatmentof 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (w/v). The experimental design used was a Single Factor Randomized Block Trial Design, ANOVA-DNMRT statistical analysis, and linear graphic fordescriptiveanalysis. The analysis of the activated charcoal showed that water contentsof the acid activated charcoal and the alkaline activated charcoal were3.49% and2.89%, respectively; the ash contentswere 6.78% and 9.03%, respectively. The water content andash content meet the standard of SNI 06-3730-1995. The performance test showed that the optimum contact time and pH of acid activated charcoal were 30 min and pH 4, while the alkaline activated charcoal was 90 min and pH 6. The adsorption capacity of acidactive charcoal was 0.26 mg/g and the adsorption capacity of alkaline active charcoal was 0.49 mg/g. Activated carbon from the cassava skin can be used as an adsorbent to reduce phosphate concentrations in laundry waste.

This study used an experimental method in the laboratory with a randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The parameters examined were cholinesterase (ChE), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) of blood in the first and second treatment stages. Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVA test and LSD multiple comparison test with 95% confidence level with R software version 3.6.2. Wistar rats were given chlorpyrifos (6.75, 13.5, 27, 54) mg/kg BW/day orally once a day for 28 consecutive days, then further intervention with curcumin (27, 54, 108 and 216) mg/kg BW/day once a day for 14 consecutive days. A significant increase in ChE activity and a significant decrease in AST and ALT activity. This study shows that curcumin from Curcuma longa Linn rhizome extract provides a protective effect against chlorpyrifos poisoning in Wistar rats.

Interest-free financing in agro-industry is an exciting topic that has been developed by many researchers, but there is no clarity regarding the road map for future research. Therefore, formulations such as concepts, theories, methods, and research gaps, focusing on interest-free financing in agro-industry, are essential. This literature study was conducted using a systematic literature review method. The data used are secondary data from textbooks, theses/dissertations, conference papers, journals, scientific articles, and working papers. This study resulted in the formulation of the theory, concepts, and methods studied in the form of an explanation of 8 sub-topics of research gaps supported by references and explanations of state of the art. They are making it easier for researchers who have the same interest in developing and looking for novelties with the topic of interest-free financing research in the agro-industry. &nbsp

The antistatic bionanocomposites could be synthesised using mono-diacylglycerols (M-DAG) as a antistatic agent, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a reinforcement, and polypropylene (PP) as an termoplastic matrix. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of the raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bionanocomposites. Characteristics of the raw materials consists of morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degree of crystallinity and particle size analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectrum analysis using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal properties analysis using differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and chemical characteristics analysis using Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results of this research shows that the morphology analysis shows the particle distribution of M-DAG is uniform and not separated from each other, while the particle distribution of CNC is not uniform and separated from each other. The XRD diffractogram of M-DAG shows that the peaks at 19,508°, 20,401°, 22,607°, and 23,973° representing the diffraction structure of glycerol monostearate, particle sizes ranging between 0.1050 to 1.7814 nm with an average was 1.0460 nm, 92.85 % degree of crystallinity, and 7.15 % amorphous components. The XRD diffractogram of CNC shows that the peaks at 5.8530° and 22.58° representing the diffraction structure of cellulose I, particle sizes ranging between 4.7364 to 79.0949 nm with an average was 41.9157 nm, 98.95 % degree of crystallinity, and 1.05 % amorphous components. The FT-IR spectrum of M-DAG shows that the most significant changes in spectrum were in the region between 3500 cm-1 to 2800 cm-1 and 1850 cm-1 to 1650 cm-1. The FT-IR spectrum of CNC shows that the most significant changes in spectrum were in the region between 3700 cm-1 to 2500 cm-1, 1700 cm-1 to 1550 cm-1, and 900 cm-1 to 800 cm-1. The thermal properties of M-DAG, CNC, and PP shows that the melting temperature (Tm) were 48.41 – 72.78, 241.65 – 323.74, 163 °C respectively. The chemical characteristics of M-DAG obtained 33.86 % MAG, 27.99 % DAG, 2.01 % TAG, 2.85 % FFA, 3.37 % water, and 0.15 ash. The supporting materials consists of maleic anhydrate polypropylene (MAPP), antioxidant (AO), dan mineral oil (MO) were also identified.

Financial distress that could lead to bankruptcy occurred in the leather tanning industry in Sukaregang-Garut. This condition can be observed from the decline in the number of the leather tanning industry. This study aimed to analyze the impact of loans with the interest system on the financial performance (profitability ratio) of the leather tanning industry. The research data were obtained by interview and analyzed using profitability ratio analysis, namely Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Investment (ROI), and Return on Equity (ROE). The analysis showed that GPM decreased by 3.65 percent, NPM decreased by 8.25 percent, and ROI decreased by 8.05 percent along with the increase in capital structure due to the increase in the number of loans with the interest system. ROE increased to 227 percent with the increasing capital structure due to the increasing number of loans with the interest system. DuPont ROE analysis shows that the increase in ROE was not caused by an increase in profitability but by an increase in the capital structure due to an increase in the number of loans with the interest system. &nbsp

Leather industry is known as industry that unfriendly to the environtment, since it produces a lot of wastes in its processes. The objectives of this study were to analyze material, energy and toxicity (MET) and to identify cleaner production strategies which can be applied in leather tannery. This study was survey research. The method used were purposive sampling, MET matrix, wastewater analysis, literature review, dan expert discussion. The study showed some chemical materials which used in processing were irritant, corrosive, and carcinogenic; wastewater of 29.5 m 3 and solid wastes of 1,749.14 kg. Hazardous pollutans in the waste water and solid wastes were sulfide, ammonia, and chrome. Ammonia-N produced in deliming and bating process was 4,701.48 mg/L. Cr 6+ produced in the retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring processes was 2.09 mg/L. Sulfide produced in liming process was 646.4 mg/L. Setting out was the highest step to consumed energy, namely 336.37 kWh from 632.08 kWh of total energy consumed. The result of identification showed there were some cleaner production strategies which could be applied in the leather processing. The priority strategies which could be applied were water control and water reuse. Key words: cleaner production, MET, toxicity, wastes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a spatial intelligent decision support system (SIDSS) for increasing productivity in the rubber agroindustry by green productivity (GP) approach. The SIDSS was used to measure the productivity of rubber plantation and rubber agroindustry by GP approach, and select the best strategies for increasing the productivity of rubber agroindustry. Design/methodology/approach This system was developed by combining spatial analysis, GP, and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) with the model-based management system, which is able to provide comprehensive and meaningful decision alternatives for the development of natural rubber agroindustry. Rubber plantation productivity measurement model was used to find the productivity level of rubber plantation with fuzzy logic, and also to provide information and decision alternatives to all stakeholders regarding spatial condition of rubber agroindustry, production process flow, and analysis of the seven green wastes at each production process flow using the geographic information system. GP measurement model was used to determine the productivity performance of the rubber agroindustry with the green productivity index (GPI). The best strategy for increasing the productivity was determined with fuzzy ANP. Findings Rubber plantation measurement model showed that the average of plantation productivity was 6.25 kg/ha/day. GP measurement model showed that the GPI value of ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) was 0.730, whereas of crumb rubber (CR) was 0.126. The best strategy for increasing the productivity of rubber agroindustry was raw material characteristics control. Based on the best strategy, the GPI value of RSS was 1.340, whereas of CR was 0.228. Research limitations/implications This decision support system is still limited as it is based on static data; it needs further development so that it can be more dynamically based on developments in the rubber agroindustry related levels of productivity and environmental impact. In addition, details regarding the decision to increase the productivity of the rubber section by benchmarking efforts should be studied further, both among plantation as well as among countries such as Thailand so that the productivity of rubber plantation and agroindustry can be integrated. Practical implications This research can help the planters to select superior clones for rubber trees, to improve the technique of tapping latex, and to use a better coagulant. The good quality and quantity of raw material is a key factor in increasing the productivity of rubber agroindustry; if the quality of latex is good then the resulting product will also have a good quality and production cost can be reduced. In addition, the application of GP through the calculation of GPI value using improvement scenarios can be used as a reference and comparison for evaluating the performance of rubber agroindustry to reduce the waste generated by the activities of rubber processing plant. Social implications Reduction of waste generated by production activities can improve the quality of life of the workforce and the environment. The calculation of GPI value can also be used as a basis to use raw materials, water, and electricity more efficiently. Originality/value This system was developed by combining spatial analysis, GP, and fuzzy ANP with the model-based management system, which is able to provide comprehensive and meaningful decision alternatives for the development of natural rubber agroindustry.

The palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generally treated using biological anaerobic treatment and then utilized for POME land application. This research aimed to study the effect of treated POME land application on soil microbial community structure in oil palm plantation and their impact to the oil palm productivity. The results showed that ubiquinone (UQ) and menaquinone (MK) contents in soils without treated POME application were 0.045 and 0.204 μmol/kg-dry soils, respectively. These were much lower than the UQ and MK contents in soils with treated POME application which were 0.074 and 0.301 μmol/ kg-dry soils, respectively. The diversity quinone (DQ) and bioenergetic divergence quinone (BDq) in soils without treated POME application were 11.21 and 0.86, respectively, while in soils with treated POME application were 11.32 and 0.87, respectively. These results indicate that the treated POME application increased the amount of microorganisms but did not change the diversity of microorganisms. Treated POME application also increased the domination of aerobic bacteria in soils. The total UQ, MK, and UQ/MK ratio of soils with treated POME application are higher than those of soils without treated POME application and the application of POME is generally able to increase oil palm productivity.

This study aimed to audit environmental performance in gondorukem (resina colophonium) industry, analyze the main problem of waste and formulate the direction of industry development by cleaner production method. Data collection was conducted by field observation, interview and expert surveys. The analysis method used in this research is cleaner production audit which consist quick scan on stages of production process and formulation the cleaner production option, continued prioritization with Analytic Hierarchy Process. This study was case study take place in nagreg west java. Results of the analysis showed that scheduling sap delivery to be a priority based alternative with the largest value analysis id 0,216 compared with other alternatives.

As the evolving of environmental issues over time, the development of environmental management approaches in industries began to shift to the prevention of pollution to reduce environmental impact. However, in practice, many obstacles encountered during the environmental management change to be more proactive. This study aims to explore the barriers of achieving the proactive environmental strategy in a rubber processing industry. Used a case study approach in a natural rubber processing factory, the data was collected through interviews with experts and sources as well as observation in the field. This study shows main barriers that faced by the company consist of financial issue, human resources, communities’ pressure, technological change and communication with environmental experts. The results of this study suggest conducting cooperation with research institutions or environmental experts especially for skills that cannot be controlled by the manager or employees in the company.

Boiler ash is a second layer by-product of the combustion of fuel, usually an agro-waste, in any industry. In the sugarcane industry, boiler ash is obtained from the combustion of bagasse. The boiler ash of the sugarcane industry contains 49.69% silica, which can be transformed into nano-silica using the precipitation method, which is easier and cheaper than other methods. Precipitation pH and aging time are the main factors that influence nano-silica’s characteristics. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of various precipitation pH levels and aging times on the characteristics of nano-silica and to identify the potential applications of nano-silica based on these characteristics. An increase in precipitation pH affected the number of the crystal phase and the intensity of the diffraction peaks. An increase in aging time also affected the intensity of the diffraction peaks and the number of crystal phases. The degree of crystallinity varied from 66.40% to 93.53%, the crystal size ranged from 37.77 nm to 56.87 nm, the particle size ranged from 214.04 nm to 698.24 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) ranged from 0.21 to 0.83. The nano-silica in this research had polygonal morphology. Increases in precipitation pH and aging time increased the number of siloxane groups, creating nano-silica dominated by a crystalline form with three crystal phases: tridymite, quartz, and cristobalite. Nano-silica have various potential applications based on their characteristics, including as filler for membranes, composite resin, rubber airbags, and supplementary cementitious material.

Tapioca agro-industry is one sector that needs to be developed into a competitive industry as currently there are many users of its derivative products. However, its development deals with limited access to finance. The purpose of this study is to describe condition of tapioca agro-industry and its prospect of interest-free financing. This research is a review of previous studies discussing about the relevant topic. Review was undertaken through descriptive analysis on a number of related literature and was in accordance with availability of secondary data. Results of the study have provided information on condition of tapioca agro-industry and prospect of reinstating the interest-free financing through development of a partnership-financing model of tapioca agro-industry. This partnership model has some other advantages in addition to interest-free, such as collateral-free and profit-and-loss agreements that are mutually agreed among involved parties to minimize the gap between capital owners and business owners.

Coconut fiber is a natural fiber extracted from coconut coir, a by-product of coconut based product. It is a potential material for fiberboard because it contains high cellulose and lignin which is similar to wood. Binderless medium density fiberboard (MDF) from coconut fiber was produced to reduce the consumption of wood and the emmission of synthetic adhesives such as urea formaldehyde using lignin as natural binder. The purpose of this research were to determine the physical and mechanical properties of MDF from coconut fiber based on SNI 01-4449-2006 and JIS A 5905:2003 and to investigate the effect of oxidation treatment, additional paraffin, and pressing time to the physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboard. The results showed that the fiberboards produced on this research had medium density of 0.44-0.56 g/cm3 which met the standard for MDF. Most of fiberboards from coconut fiber obtained in this study met the standard for physical properties such as density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and screw holding power. However, the mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond of the fiberboards had not met the SNI 01-4449-2006 and JIS A 5905:2003 because of the lack of materials strength.

Small scale tapioca industry in Bogor uses simple technology and equipment with a production capacity around 5 tons per day. The tapioca industry uses large amount of water to process the raw materials and to produce a large amount of liquid waste. The tapioca production consists of various processes, such as washing, extraction and settling process which produce a lot of liquid waste. This liquid waste contributes to the environmental pollution because it contains a lot of organic materials. The wastewater of tapioca industry generally has a high BOD, COD and TSS materials. The objective of this research is to calculate the potential waste water recycling in small scale tapioca industries in Bogor. Recycling this waste water can be done in two ways such as onsite recovery (reuse of waste water in the same process) and reuse (waste water uses for other process). Small scale tapioca industry in Bogor has an average production of 2.5 tons per day and produces liquid waste of 5070 litres/ton cassava. The identified potential usage of recycling waste water is recycling waste water for other process such as washing, milling, settling process and the conversion of waste into valuable product such as methane as a fuel. With this waste water recycling process, the tapioca industry will have a benefit in form of cost saving, and environmental benefit.

There were around 330 leather tanning industries in Garut in 2011. Currently, there are only 220 tanning industries left. Contrarily, in 2011 credit facility users from the tanneries were only 15% then increased to 95% in 2019. Loans with an interest system will incur new costs that can cause price increases or reduce incomes, this is what is thought to be the cause of the reduced number of the leather tanning industry. This study aims to calculate the impact of credit on the price and profitability of the leather tanning industry in Sukaregang, Garut. Capital structure is the ratio between external capital and internal capital. This study uses the Financial Management Canvas approach to overcome the analysis complexity because in general SMEs do not have adequate financial reports. The results showed that changes in the capital structure causes unbalanced in the income statement. An increase in product price is performed to obtain a balanced income statement. Another way is by reducing the profits to pay the loan interest. The existence of external funds in the form of loans with an interest system causes an increase in selling prices and or reduces profitability.

Cibanten river is one of the most potential to be developed as a source of raw water. Crucial issues at Cibanten river is the increasing load of water pollution as indicated by parameter BOD, COD and TSS. This study aimed to estimate the amount of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) in Cibanten river, analyze the quality Status of the Cibanten river water, analyze the capacity of assimilation, and determine management strategy of Cibanten river of Banten Province. TMDL of BOD were determined by modeling Qual2KW and the results were compared with the second class water quality standards to regulation No. 82/2001. Management strategy of Cibanten river determined by analysis of the results of an expert survey method with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Quality Status of the Cibanten river water with pollution index was light raiment and storet method of Raw Water Quality class II belong was heavy raiment. Results of the simulation calculation of TMDL, the total load of pollution in the Cibanten BOD was730 tons/month while the TMDL of BOD was 146.801 tons/month. Results of the analysis of assimilation capacity COD was 24208 tons/month. Results of the analysis methods of survey expert with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) is monitoring and surveillance as an alternative management strategies with the highest priority of the Cibanten river (agregate value 0.202)and following up the monitoring results.

Rice is a food crop which is grown in Indonesia widely and used as a staple food crop for filling domestic food needs. Rice husk is a solid waste that formed from rice grain milling. Along with the increase in national rice production per year, the rice husk also increase. There is silica content in rice husk have a potency that used as a tanning agent. It can be used as a material substitution of chrome sulfate as conventional tanning agent that have carcinogenic properties. This article will explain about tanning process, the potency of rice husk in Indonesia, rice husk utilization, and silica extraction process also nano-silica processing from rice husk. Besides that, it will describe silica and nano-silica usage in the tanning process, mechanism tanning nano-silica and leather properties that produced from the tanning process with nano-silica.

Nanosilica from boiler ash sugar cane industry can be utilized asfiller electrolyte membrane ofDirect Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The aim of the study was to determine the influenceof ammonium sulfate addition on chitosan and nanosilica addition to performance of chitosan sulfate membrane. This research was conducted through three stages: synthesisof nanosilica using presipitation method, synthesis of chitosan sulfate with ammonium sulfate in various concentration of 0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M, and synthesisof chitosan sulfate membrane by adding nanosilica of 1%, 3%, 5% level. The result showed that nanosilica produced had characteristicsof amorphous, 330 nm of particles size, 47.49 nm of crystal size, 64% of crystalinization degree, and 0.3 of Podispersity Index (PDI). The degree of sulfonation produced by chitosan sulfate was 15.86%, 19.00%, 22.84%, and 24.75%. The sulfonation chitosan and nanosilica addition gave significant effect (α = 0,05) of membrane characteristics. Membrane with 0.1 M of ammonium sulfate and 3% of nanosilica had the highest performance with 40.75% of water absorption, 44.22% of methanol absorption, 0.66meq/g of ion exchange capacity, and 6.48 × 10−4 S/cm of ion conductivity. The composite membrane can be applied for DMFC.

The oil palm industry significantly contributes to environmental degradation if without waste management properly. The newest alternative waste management that might be developed is by utilizing the effluent of POME anaerobic digestion with EFB through integrated anaerobic decomposition process. The aim of this research was to examine and evaluate the integrated solid-liquid waste treatment technology in the view point of greenhouse gasses emission, compost, and biogas production. POME was treated in anaerobic digester with loading rate about 1.65 gCOD/L/day. Treated POME with dosis of 15 and 20 L/day was sprayed to the anaerobic digester that was filled of 25 kg of EFB. The results of research showed that after 60 days, the C/N ratio of EFB decreased to 12.67 and 10.96 for dosis of treated POME 15 and 20 L/day, respectively. In case of 60 day decomposition, the integrated waste treatment technology could produce 51.01 and 34.34 m3/Ton FFB which was equivalent with 636,44 and 466,58 kgCO2e/ton FFB for dosis of treated POME 15 and 20 L/day, respectively. The results of research also showed that integrated solid-liquid wastes treatment technology could reduce GHG emission about 421.20 and 251.34 kgCO2e/ton FFB for dosis of treated POME 15 and 20 L/day, respectively.

Seng dross merupakan hasil samping dari industri pelapisan logam (galvanis) dengan proses hot-dip dan mempunyai kandungan seng yang cukup tinggi. Hasil samping ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku seng asetat. Seng asetat digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan, suplemen, obat-obatan, precursor, dan pelega tenggorokan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kembali seng dari seng dross untuk menghasilkan seng asetat. Seng asetat tersebut akan digunakan sebagai precursor. Proses ekstraksi seng dross dilakukan dengan asam asetat glasial pada kondisi proses, yaitu waktu ekstraksi 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam, suhu ekstraksi 130 oC, 150 oC, dan 170 oC, serta konsentrasi asam asetat glasial 20%, 40%, dan 60%. Hasil ekstraksi berupa seng asetat dianalisis untuk mengetahui kadar seng dan karakteristik kristal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi proses ekstraksi yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 130 oC, konsentrasi asam asetat glasial sebesar 60%, dan waktu proses ekstraksi selama 1 jam. Seng asetat yang diperoleh mengandung 75,39% seng dan kristal seng asetat mempunyai intensitas 5800 counts.

Dari jumlah penjualan barang elektronik yang terus meningkat, Indonesia memiliki potensi limbah elektronik yang cukup besar dan setiap tahun terus bertambah. Dari jumlah tersebut, perangkat elektronik bekas sebagian besar diolah oleh sektor informal dengan cara yang tidak ramah lingkungan karena ketiadaan kebijakan khusus tentang limbah ini. Jika hal ini terus terjadi, banyak pihak yang akan memanfaatkannya untuk menjadikan Indonesia menjadi salah satu tujuan pembuangan limbah elektronik ilegal di masa yang akan datang. Untuk mengatasinya, pemerintah harus memulai menjalankan sejumlah strategi pengelolaan limbah elektronik dengan dukungan berbagai stakeholder. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT dan QSPM dengan responden yang berasal dari beberapa pihak yang terkait dengan pengelolaan limbah elektronik, maka diketahui bahwa strategi prioritas yang harus dilakukan saat ini adalah mengembangkan infrastruktur pengelolaan limbah elektronik ramah lingkungan sehingga sistem pengolahan dan daur ulang dapat berjalan dengan skema ramah lingkungan.

Given the crucial role of knowledge creation in contemporary business enterprises, a fundamental question arises: what processes are facilitating knowledge creation? This study aims to find the answer.This study investigates the interrelations among four categories of knowledge assets (experiential, conceptual, systemic, and routine) and four categories of SECI model for knowledge creation processes (socialization, externalization, combination , and internalization). In our framework, we argue that different types of knowledge assets may have differing influences on knowledge creation. In order to test the feasibility of this framework, we conducted an empirical research exercise. Data were collected from three dairy cooperations in Java, Indonesia through a survey instrument. A total of 105 usable responses were analysed. We employed regression analysis, ANOVA and canonical correlation analysis to examine the separate correlations. We identified four responses interrelationhips from this study. Compared to other knowledge assets, conceptual knowledge assets have a greater effect on socialization of knowledge creation process. Experiential knowledge assets have a greater effect on combination. Routine knowledge assets have a greater effect on externalization of knowledge creation process. Systemic knowledge assets have a greater effect on internalization of knowledge creation process.

Bagasse ashes have high silica content thus it can be used in nanosilicaproduction to increase its benefit value. This study aimed to get the best time for synthesis and to determine the optimum synthesis time and temperature. This study used the hydrothermal method, a simple method with relatively low reaction temperature and provide a good chemical homogeneity. Time varieties in synthesizing silica were 8,10 and 12 hours, at the temperature of 150 °C. But the results were not as expected. Moreover, optimization of synthesis temperature and time used 4 hours at the temperature of 150 °C based on previous studies. Optimization was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Later, a testusing PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) was performed to obtain particle sizes and PDI values (Polydispersity Index). The results showed that the prediction model of temperature synthesis was 152.67 °C synthesis time of 6 hours, particle size of 276.288 nm and PDI value of 0.189642. The tests showed that the size of particle obtained was 330.39 nm and PDI value at 0.3580. Actual results and predicted results were not significant different.

Application of lactic acid probiotic bacteria in health food diversification currently is progressing rapidly. It is encouraged the study of searching the potential strains from local resources (Ponorogo Residence) namely noni fruits (badeg pace) and noni wine. Aims of this study were to perform the isolation, identification, and production of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. JR64 fermentation process as a producer of Omega-6 (ω-6) lowering cholesterol and design of probiotic creamy product. Beginning stages of research was strains isolating and in-vitro testing, the best result were used in molecular identification technology development for the production of metabolites through the manipulation of environmental variation of glucose 20 g / l, 30 g / l and 40 g / l that influenced the substrate concentration of linoleic acid productivity. The result of new isolates isolation showed that isolates that obtained from noni wine, Lactobacillus plantarum JR64, was potential as probiotic condidate. The effieciency of fermentation substrates using Yx/s and Yp /s in the exponential phase was the highest value for the fermentation of 24 hours of Yx/ s; 17.03% and Y p/s; 74.72%, while the results of design and the best formulation for viability cells of lactobacillus plantarum probiotics JR64 was composed of 15 g and 50g butter 15 g icing sugar as well as during storage of the refrigerant temperature was 8.92 x 108 CFU / ml.