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40 results on '"National Institute of Polar Research"'

1. Modeling of Diffuse Auroral Emission at Mars: Contribution of MeV Protons

Author: Yuki Nakamura, Naoki Terada, François Leblanc, Ali Rahmati, Hiromu Nakagawa, Shotaro Sakai, Sayano Hiruba, Ryuho Kataoka, Kiyoka Murase, Graduate School of Science [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center [Sendai] (PPARC), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Graduate University for Advanced Studies [Hayama] (SOKENDAI), and ANR-09-BLAN-0223,HELIOSARES,Relation Soleil ? Mars: description et analyse des échanges présents et passés entre magnétosphère et atmosphère(2009)
Subjects: Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Solar Energetic Particle and Imaging UltraViolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instruments onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft discovered diffuse aurora that span across the nightside of Mars due to the interaction of solar energetic particles (SEPs) with the Martian atmosphere. However, it is unclear whether the diffuse aurora originates from energetic electrons or protons. We have developed a Monte Carlo model to calculate the limb intensity profile of the CO2+ ultraviolet doublet (UVD) due to precipitation of energetic electrons and protons with energy ranges from 100 eV to 100 keV and from 50 keV to 5 MeV, respectively. We used electron and proton fluxes observed by MAVEN during the December 2014 SEP event and the September 2017 SEP event. Our results showed that proton-induced CO2+ UVD emission has a lower peak altitude than electron-induced CO2+ UVD emission. The calculated peak altitudes of the CO2+ UVD limb profiles are 76 km and 68 km in the December 2014 event and the September 2017 event, respectively. Extending the energy to 500 keV for electrons and 20 MeV for protons further improved our comparison to the IUVS observations. We have succeeded in reproducing peak altitudes and shapes of the observed CO2+ UVD limb profiles using the SEP flux observed by MAVEN. This was possible by taking into account the contribution of energetic protons, indicating that both energetic electrons and protons contribute to producing the observed diffuse aurora.
Published: 2022

2. Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds

Author: Olivier Chastel, Jérôme Fort, Joshua T. Ackerman, Céline Albert, Frédéric Angelier, Niladri Basu, Pierre Blévin, Maud Brault-Favrou, Jan Ove Bustnes, Paco Bustamante, Jóhannis Danielsen, Sébastien Descamps, Rune Dietz, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Igor Eulaers, Alexey Ezhov, Abram B. Fleishman, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Maria Gavrilo, Grant Gilchrist, Olivier Gilg, Sindri Gíslason, Elena Golubova, Aurélie Goutte, David Grémillet, Gunnar T. Hallgrimsson, Erpur S. Hansen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Scott Hatch, Nicholas P. Huffeldt, Dariusz Jakubas, Jón Einar Jónsson, Alexander S. Kitaysky, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Robert J. Letcher, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Mark Mallory, Flemming Ravn Merkel, Børge Moe, William J. Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Rachael A. Orben, Jennifer F. Provencher, Sunna B. Ragnarsdottir, Tone K. Reiertsen, Nora Rojek, Marc Romano, Jens Søndergaard, Hallvard Strøm, Akinori Takahashi, Sabrina Tartu, Thorkell L. Thórarinsson, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Alexis P. Will, Simon Wilson, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Glenn Yannic, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Ecological Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences [Canada], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Akvaplan niva AS (APN) [Norway], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Faroe Marine Research Institute, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Aarhus University - Department of Ecoscience [Roskilde, Denmark], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences [Iceland], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], South Iceland Nature Research Centre [Iceland], Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation, Department of Ecoscience - Aarhus University [Denmark], Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Arctic Biology, Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre [Húsavík], Murmansk Marine Biological [Russia], Institute Russian Academy of Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada [Canada], National Wildlife Research Centre, Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador, Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute [Faroe Islands], Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Icelandic Institute of Natural History, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat [Norway], Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France, ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016), and ANR-20-CE34-0006,ARCTIC-STRESSORS,Effets combinés des stresseurs environnementaux multiples sur les oiseaux marins Arctiques(2020)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Arctic Regions, Toxicological effects, Mercury, Feathers, Pollution, Birds, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Toxicity benchmarks, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as a global pollutant.
Published: 2022

3. Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications

Author: Heck, Philipp R., Herd, Christopher, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Badjukov, Dmitry, Bouvier, Audrey, Bullock, Emma, Chennaoui-Aoudjehane, Hasnaa, Debaille, Vinciane, Dunn, Tasha L., Ebel, Denton S., Ferriere, Ludovic, Garvie, Laurence, Gattacceca, Jerome, Gounelle, Matthieu, Herd, Richard, Ireland, Trevor, Jacquet, Emmanuel, Macke, Robert J., McCoy, Tim, McCubbin, Francis M., Mikouchi, Takashi, Metzler, Knut, Roskosz, Mathieu, Smith, Caroline, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Welzenbach-Fries, Linda, Yamaguchi, Akira, Zeigler, Ryan A., Zolensky, Michael, Yada, Toru, NASA Headquarters, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), American Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of Chicago, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Earth Sciences [Casablanca], Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock [Casablanca] (FSAC), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium), Colby College, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Retired, Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Specola Vaticana/Vatican Observatory, Department of Mineral Sciences [Washington], Smithsonian Institution, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de minéralogie du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (LMMNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Best practice, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Library science, Généralités, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Geophysics, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This document contains suggestions for best practices by authors who refer to meteorites in publications. It can also be taken as a guide for publishers in establishing guidelines for authors. The following best practices are recommended in addition to acknowledging the loaning institution or loaning individual (unless required otherwise). The main motivations are to: help ensure that research on meteorites is reproducible, prevent confusion in the literature, and enhance tracking of specimens and related data., SCOPUS: le.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019

4. The surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy

Author: Fuyuto Terui, Davide Perna, Tomoki Nakamura, Takahiro Iwata, Deborah L. Domingue, Shingo Kameda, Hirotaka Sawada, H. Suzuki, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Lucie Riu, A. Galiano, Hiroki Senshu, Faith Vilas, Takahito Osawa, Yukio Yamamoto, R. Honda, Moe Matsuoka, Yuto Takei, Manabu Yamada, Yoshiyuki Tsuda, Akira Yamaguchi, Kohei Kitazato, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Kosuke Yoshioka, K. Ogawa, Y. Takagi, Kohji Tsumura, Makiko Ohtake, J. P. Bibring, Y. Yokota, Satoshi Tanaka, N. Takato, M. A. Barucci, Makoto Yoshikawa, Naoya Sakatani, Takehiko Arai, Mutsumi Komatsu, Ralph E. Milliken, C. Pilorget, Rosario Brunetto, Masahiro Hayakawa, Yuichiro Cho, Aiko Nakato, Satoru Nakazawa, Toru Kouyama, Yuri Shimaki, Kei Shirai, Shuji Matsuura, Takanao Saiki, Masanao Abe, Ernesto Palomba, Naru Hirata, Takahiro Hiroi, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Driss Takir, Eri Tatsumi, François Poulet, S. Sugita, Koji Matsumoto, Naoko Ogawa, C. Honda, Tomokatsu Morota, Tatsuaki Okada, Yusuke Nakauchi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo] (TMU), RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science [Wako] (RIKEN RNC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Tsukuba Space Center (TKSC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo] (JAXA), Brown University, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEOMA, Université de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Physics, Tokyo, Waseda University, IHP Microelctronics, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University-Tallinn University, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of Electro-Communications [Tokyo] (UEC), Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL SLAC), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Advanced Materials Institute and Department of Chemistry, Fukuoka University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Institute for Research on Earth Evolution [Yokosuka] (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Plasma Research Center, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo], RIKEN Nishina Center (for Accelerator-Based Science), Universidate de Vigo, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and University of Tsukuba
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Materials science, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectrometer, Near-infrared spectroscopy, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Meteorite, Asteroid, Carbonaceous chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 66名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所 (JAXA)(ISAS): 岩田, 隆浩; 安部, 正真; 大竹, 真紀子; 仲内, 悠佑; 松岡, 萌; L. Riu; 中藤, 亜衣子; 横田, 康弘; 坂谷, 尚哉; 山本, 幸生; 岡田, 達明; 澤田, 弘崇, 早川, 雅彦; 白井, 慶; 嶌生, 有理; 尾川, 順子; 照井, 冬人; 竹井, 洋; 佐伯, 孝尚; 中澤, 暁; 田中, 智; 吉川, 真; 渡邊, 誠一郎; 津田, 雄一), Accepted: 2019-03-07, 資料番号: SA1180385000
Published: 2019

5. New technique for high-precision, simultaneous measurements of CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; isotopic and elemental ratios of N-2, O-2 and Ar; and total air content in ice cores by wet extraction

Author: Oyabu, Ikumi, Kawamura, Kenji, Kitamura, Kyotaro, Dallmayr, Remi, Kitamura, Akihiro, Sawada, Chikako, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Beaudette, Ross, Orsi, Anaïs, Sugawara, Satoshi, Ishidoya, Shigeyuki, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Goto-Azuma, Kumiko, Aoki, Shuji, Nakazawa, Takakiyo, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), IT University of Copenhagen, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Tohoku University [Sendai], University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IT University of Copenhagen (ITU)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, MIXING RATIOS, TRACE GASES, TRAPPED AIR, NITROUS-OXIDE, POLAR ICE, GREENLAND, ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE, ANTARCTIC ICE, Atmospheric Sciences, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ATMOSPHERIC METHANE CONCENTRATION, SIPLE DOME, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Air in polar ice cores provides unique information on past climatic and atmospheric changes. We developed a new method combining wet extraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for high-precision, simultaneous measurements of eight air components (CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; δ15N, δ18O, δO2∕N2 and δAr∕N2; and total air content) from an ice-core sample of ∼ 60 g. The ice sample is evacuated for ∼ 2 h and melted under vacuum, and the released air is continuously transferred into a sample tube at 10 K within 10 min. The air is homogenized in the sample tube overnight at room temperature and split into two aliquots for mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic measurements. Care is taken to minimize (1) contamination of greenhouse gases by using a long evacuation time, (2) consumption of oxygen during sample storage by a passivation treatment on sample tubes, and (3) fractionation of isotopic ratios with a long homogenization time for splitting. Precision is assessed by analyzing standard gases with artificial ice and duplicate measurements of the Dome Fuji and NEEM ice cores. The overall reproducibility (1 SD) of duplicate ice-core analyses are 3.2 ppb, 2.2 ppb and 2.9 ppm for CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; 0.006 ‰, 0.011 ‰, 0.09 ‰ and 0.12 ‰ for δ15N, δ18O, δO2∕N2 and δAr∕N2; and 0.63 mLSTP kg−1 for total air content, respectively. Our new method successfully combines the high-precision, small-sample and multiple-species measurements, with a wide range of applications for ice-core paleoenvironmental studies.
Published: 2020

6. Carbon isotopic variation in ureilites: Evidence for an early, volatile-rich Inner Solar System

Author: Pierre Sansjofre, Richard C. Greenwood, Akira Yamaguchi, Jean-Alix Barrat, Philippe Gillet, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), University of Portsmouth, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: planetary differentiation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Ureilite, engineering.material, ureilite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Olivine, volatiles, Geophysics, carbon isotopes, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Isotopes of carbon, engineering, Terrestrial planet, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Planetary differentiation, Geology
Abstract: We analyzed the C isotopic compositions of 32 unbrecciated ureilites, which represent mantle debris from a now disrupted, C-rich, differentiated body. The δ 13 C values of their C fractions range from −8.48 to +0.11‰. The correlations obtained between δ 13 C, δ 18 O and Δ 17 O values and the compositions of the olivine cores, indicate that the ureilite parent body (UPB) accreted from two reservoirs displaying distinct O and C isotopic compositions. The range of Fe/Mg ratios shown by its mantle was not the result of melting processes involving reduction with C (“smelting”), but was chiefly inherited from the mixing of these two components. Because smelting reactions are pressure-dependent, this result has strong implications for the size of the UPB, and points to a large parent body, at least 690 km in diameter. It demonstrates that C-rich primitive matter distinct from that represented by carbonaceous chondrites was present in some areas of the early inner Solar System, and could have contributed to the growth of the terrestrial planets. We speculate that differentiated, C-rich bodies, or debris produced by their disruption, were an additional source of volatiles during the later accretion stages of the rocky planets, including Earth.
Published: 2017

7. Large-scale population assessment informs conservation management for seabirds in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean: A case study of Adélie penguins

Author: Colin Southwell, Akinori Takahashi, Karine Delord, Louise Emmerson, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Barbraud, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Krill, Foraging, Population, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Abundance, Fisheries management, lcsh:QH540-549.5, biology.animal, Area protection, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Whale, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Adelie penguin, Seabird, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are increasingly affected by fisheries, climate change and human presence. Antarctic seabirds are vulnerable to all these threats because they depend on terrestrial and marine environments to breed and forage. We assess the current distribution and total abundance of Adelie penguins in East Antarctica and find there are 3.5 (95% CI 2.9–4.2) million individuals of breeding age along the East Antarctic coastline and 5.9 (4.2–7.7) million individuals foraging in the adjacent ocean after the breeding season. One third of the breeding population numbering over 1 million individuals breed within 10 km of research stations, highlighting the potential for human activities to impact Adelie penguin populations despite their current high abundance. The 16 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas currently designated in East Antarctica offer protection to breeding populations close to stations in four of six regional populations. The East Antarctic breeding population consumes an average of 193 500 tonnes of krill and 18 800 tonnes of fish during a breeding season, with consumption peaking at the end of the breeding season. These findings can inform future conservation management decisions in the terrestrial environment under the Protocol on Environmental Protection to develop a systematic network of protected areas, and in the marine environment under the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources to allow the consumption needs of Adelie penguins to be taken into account when setting fishery catch limits. Extending this work to other penguin, flying seabird, seal and whale species is a priority for conservation management in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.
Published: 2017

8. Recent studies overestimate colonization and extinction events for Adelie Penguin breeding colonies

Author: Karine Delord, Colin Southwell, Akiko Kato, Christophe Barbraud, Akinori Takahashi, Henri Weimerskirch, Louise Emmerson, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Metapopulation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Seasonal breeder, Satellite imagery, Colonization, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, occupancy, Extinction event, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Adelie penguin, metapopulation dynamics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, high-resolution satellite imagery, Pygoscelis, Geography, historical data, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Antarctica, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: International audience; Modeling metapopulation dynamics is potentially a useful and powerful tool for ecologists and conservationbiologists. However, the key processes driving metapopulation dynamics are colonization and extinction events, whichare notoriously difficult to study. A recent global assessment of Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) breedingpopulations reported multiple potential colonization and extinction events from occupancy observations using recenthigh-resolution satellite imagery and examination of historical occupancy literature, but emphasized that the eventsshould be confirmed with direct observations. We evaluated these conclusions by developing a comprehensivedatabase of direct observations of Adelie Penguin breeding site occupancy across East Antarctica. The databaseallowed 16 of 19 proposed colonization and extinction events in this region to be evaluated using direct observationsthat were concurrent in space and time (same breeding season) with observations from satellite imagery. Weconcluded that none of the 16 proposed colonization and extinction events had occurred. One true extinction eventmay have been correctly identified from satellite imagery, but a conclusive evaluation was not possible because thedirect and satellite observations were not concurrent in time. The evaluation identified several sources of error inobservations from satellite imagery, including errors of omission through failure to detect small colonies and errors ofcommission through misidentification of other biological and physical features as Adelie Penguin guano. Theoccupancy database corrected issues of poor precision and accuracy in locations of historical occupancy data. Ourresults improve understanding of key parameters for Adelie Penguin metapopulation dynamics and facilitateimproved interpretation of satellite imagery in the future.
Published: 2017

9. Diel shift of king penguin swim speeds in relation to light intensity changes

Author: Katsufumi Sato, Kozue Shiomi, Charles-André Bost, Yves Handrich, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The University of Tokyo, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Vision, Mesopelagic zone, Movement, Foraging, Prey detection, Dusk, Penguins, Aquatic Science, Nocturnal, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Diel cycle, Daylight, 14. Life underwater, Diel vertical migration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bio-logging, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Diving behaviour, Light intensity, Oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: It is generally expected that animals, including marine organisms, travel at speeds achieving the minimum energetic cost of transport. However, several factors cause variation in speeds within the energetically acceptable range. Light intensity is known to affect movement speeds in some flying and walking insects, which reduce speeds at low light levels. This is explained as compensation for degraded temporal resolution of vision in dim light by maintaining the rate of information gained per unit of travelling distance. Such a relationship between ambient light intensity and movement speeds is expected for any visual system in principle, but has not been examined in any marine species. As a mesopelagic forager, king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus regularly commute between their breeding colonies and productive foraging areas over several hundreds of kilometres. During these trips, they experience a wide variation in light intensity between day and night, as well as within daylight hours, as dives often reach deeper than 100 m. The present study investigated diel patterns in the swim speeds of king penguins in relation to light intensity experienced within dives. King penguins gradually decreased their cruising speeds around dusk and increased them again around dawn. This resulted in consistently slower speeds in nocturnal dives. Correspondingly, the underwater light levels estimated were always higher in diurnal dives, even at depths greater than 100 m. The slower swim speeds after dusk may facilitate travelling and occasional prey detection in the dark. These results suggest that a common behavioural response to ambient light levels has evolved in different taxa of animals.
Published: 2016

10. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project

Author: Luciano Dalla Rosa, Henri Weimerskirch, Kerstin Jerosch, Sébastien Descamps, Marthán N Bester, Klemens Pütz, Charles-André Bost, Phil O'b. Lyver, Christophe Guinet, Akiko Kato, Horst Bornemann, John L. Bengtson, Jaimie Cleeland, Mary-Anne Lea, Silvia Olmastroni, Rochelle Constantine, Richard A. Phillips, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Peter G. Ryan, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Roger Kirkwood, Louise Emmerson, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Christian Lydersen, Ben Raymond, Mark A. Hindell, Dominik A Nachtsheim, Jefferson T. Hinke, Nick Gales, Arnaud Tarroux, Simon Wotherspoon, Robert J. M. Crawford, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Pierre A. Pistorius, Kimberly T. Goetz, Andrew D. Lowther, David R. Thompson, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Ian D. Jonsen, M. E. I. Marquez, Clive R. McMahon, Karine Delord, Mike Double, Gerald L. Kooyman, Kit M. Kovacs, José C. Xavier, Anton Van de Putte, Colin Southwell, Ewan D. Wakefield, Erling S. Nordøy, Barbara Wienecke, Mercedes Santos, Birgitte I. McDonald, Daniel P. Costa, Lars Boehme, Norman Ratcliffe, Ryan R. Reisinger, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Michael A. Fedak, Peter L. Boveng, Rachael Alderman, Robert Harcourt, Iain J. Staniland, Leigh G. Torres, Ari S. Friedlaender, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Azwianewi B. Makhado, M. Goebel, Kieran Lawton, Philip N. Trathan, P J Nico de Bruyn, Luis A. Hückstädt, Keith W. Nicholls, Grant Ballard, Bruno Danis, Joachim Plötz, Knowles Kerry, David G. Ainley, Ben Arthur, Akinori Takahashi, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BEDIC, OD Nature [Brussels, Belgium], Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences [Belgium], Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Biological Sciences [Sydney, Australia] (Macquarie University), Macquarie University, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Hatfield Marine Science Center [Newport, USA], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), H.T. Harvey & Associates [CA, USA), Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, PRBO Conservation Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), University of Tromsø (UiT), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand], University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Environmental Affairs [South Africa] (Oceans and Coasts), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), South Australian Research and Development Institute, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine [La Jolla], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Biodiversity Section [Norway], Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Oceans & Coasts Branch, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Siena, Italy] (Università di Siena), Università di Siena, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Antarctic Research Trust, British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biological Sciences [Sydney], Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), and Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, bird, Ecosystem ecology, animal experiment, Library and Information Sciences, Biodiversity informatics, animal experiment, Antarctica, biodiversity, bird, climate data,ecosystem, Southern Ocean, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Education, Information system, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Tracking data, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, lcsh:Science, Life Below Water, biodiversity, Apex predator, ecosystem, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, business.industry, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, MODEL, Ocean Biogeographic Information System, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Antarctica, Science & Technology - Other Topics, ECOSYSTEM, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, business, climate data, Information Systems, Sciences exactes et naturelles, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract: The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations., Measurement(s)geographic locationTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)temporal interval • geographic locationSample Characteristic – OrganismAptenodytes forsteri • Lobodon carcinophaga • Eudyptes chrysolophus • Thalassarche melanophrys • Phoebetria palpebrata • Aptenodytes patagonicus • Pygoscelis adeliae • Leptonychotes weddellii • Megaptera novaeangliae • Mirounga leonina • Arctocephalus gazella • Thalassoica antarctica • Eudyptes schlegeli • Diomedea exulans • Phoebetria fusca • Diomedea chrysostoma • Procellaria aequinoctialisSample Characteristic – Environmentpolar biomeSample Characteristic – LocationAntarctica Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11688876
Published: 2018

11. Differentiating bubble-free layers from melt layers in ice cores using noble gases

Author: Anais Orsi, John M. Fegyveresi, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Melissa A. Headly, Kenji Kawamura, Richard B. Alley, Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Graduate University for Advanced Studies [Hayama] (SOKENDAI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clathrate hydrate, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, meltwater chemistry, Ice core, polar firn, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Gas composition, Meltwater, Dissolution, ice and climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Eemian, Firn, surface melt, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Martian polar ice caps, ice core, Geology
Abstract: Melt layers are clear indicators of extreme summer warmth on polar ice caps. The visual identification of refrozen meltwater as clear bubble-free layers cannot be used to study some past warm periods, because, in deeper ice, bubbles are lost to clathrate formation. We present here a reliable method to detect melt events, based on the analysis of Kr/Ar and Xe/Ar ratios in ice cores, and apply it to the detection of melt in clathrate ice from the Eemian at NEEM, Greenland. Additionally, melt layers in ice cores can compromise the integrity of the gas record by dissolving soluble gases, or by altering gas transport in the firn, which affects the gas chronology. We find that the easily visible 1 mm thick bubble-free layers in the WAIS Divide ice core do not contain sufficient melt to alter the gas composition in the core, and do not cause artifacts or discontinuities in the gas chronology. The presence of these layers during winter, and the absence of anomalies in soluble gases, suggests that these layers can be formed by processes other than refreezing of meltwater. Consequently, the absence of bubbles in thin crusts is not in itself proof of a melt event.
Published: 2015

12. Comment on 'The origin of eucrites, diogenites, and olivine diogenites: Magma ocean crystallization and shallow magma processes on Vesta' by B. E. Mandler and L. T. Elkins-Tanton

Author: Akira Yamaguchi, Jean-Alix Barrat, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Polar Science, and Graduate University for Advanced Sciences
Subjects: Olivine, Fractional crystallization (geology), Lithology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Trace element, Magma chamber, engineering.material, law.invention, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Space and Planetary Science, law, Asteroid, Magma ocean, engineering, Crystallization, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Mandler and Elkins-Tanton () recently proposed an upgraded magma ocean model for the differentiation history of the giant asteroid 4 Vesta. They show that a combination of both equilibrium crystallization and fractional crystallization processes can reproduce the major element compositions of eucritic melts and broadly the range of mineral compositions observed in diogenites. They assert that their model accounts for all the howardites, eucrites, and diogenites (HEDs), and use it to predict the crustal thickness and the proportions of the various lithologies. Here, we show that their model fails to explain the trace element diversity of the diogenites, contrary to their claim. The diversity of the heavy REE enrichment exhibited by the orthopyroxenes in diogenites is inconsistent with crystallization of these cumulates in either shallow magma chambers replenished by melts from a magma ocean or in a magma ocean. Thus, proportions of the various HED lithologies and the crustal thickness predicted from this model are not necessarily valid.
Published: 2014

13. The oxygen isotope composition of diogenites: Evidence for early global melting on a single, compositionally diverse, HED parent body

Author: Jean-Alix Barrat, Akira Yamaguchi, J. M. Gibson, Ian A. Franchi, Edward Scott, William F. Bottke, Richard C. Greenwood, PSSRI, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), and Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI)
Subjects: education.field_of_study, oxygen isotopes, magma oceans, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, HEDs, Population, Geochemistry, Crust, Parent body, Isotopes of oxygen, Astrobiology, Vesta, diogenites, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Asteroid, Homogeneous, Magma ocean, Magmatism, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), education, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Oxygen isotope measurements of a suite of 22 diogenites demonstrate that they have a restricted range of Δ17O values: View the MathML source−0.246±0.014(2σ). These results indicate that the diogenites form a single population consistent with a single parent body source, rather than multiple sources as has recently been suggested. Our previously published analysis of eucrites and cumulate eucrites (n=34n=34) give very similar results to the diogenites, with View the MathML sourceΔO17=−0.241±0.016‰(2σ) and confirm that diogenites and eucrites are from the same parent asteroid. The isotopic homogeneity displayed by diogenites, eucrites and cumulate eucrites, provides strong evidence for an early large-scale melting event on the HED parent body, possibly resulting in the formation of a magma ocean. The paradox, whereby diogenites show isotopic evidence in favor of global melting, but also geochemical features indicative of late stage interaction with eucritic crust, may reflect a rapid transition from global to serial magmatism on their parent body. The fact that all the lithologically varied HED units have an isotopically homogeneous composition supports the proposal that they are derived from a single, large, diverse asteroid, most likely 4 Vesta. The recent suggestion that the HEDs are not from Vesta, but instead represent material from the same asteroidal source as the main-group pallasites and IIIAB irons can be excluded by our oxygen isotope data.
Published: 2014

14. What controls the isotopic composition of Greenland surface snow?

Author: Arny E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, Marie Dumont, Camille Risi, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Frédéric Prié, Kazuhide Satow, Myriam Guillevic, Amaelle Landais, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Eric Brun, Renato Winkler, Kurt M. Cuffey, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Nicolas Bayou, Konrad Steffen, Trevor Popp, Barbara Stenni, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, H. C., Steen Larsen, V., Masson Delmotte, M., Hirabayashi, R., Winkler, K., Satow, F., Prié, N., Bayou, E., Brun, K. M., Cuffey, D., Dahl Jensen, M., Dumont, M., Guillevic, S., Kipfstuhl, A., Landai, T., Popp, C., Risi, K., Steffen, Stenni, Barbara, A. E., Sveinbjörnsdottír, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center (BASC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Institute of Earth Sciences [Reykjavik], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Università degli studi di Trieste
Subjects: water stable isotopes, water vapor, Greenland, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Ice core, lcsh:TD169-171.8, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, water stable isotope, Global and Planetary Change, Atmospheric models, Stable isotope ratio, Paleontology, Snow, Deuterium, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Sublimation (phase transition), Geology, Water vapor
Abstract: Water stable isotopes in Greenland ice core data provide key paleoclimatic information, and have been compared with precipitation isotopic composition simulated by isotopically enabled atmospheric models. However, post-depositional processes linked with snow metamorphism remain poorly documented. For this purpose, monitoring of the isotopic composition (δ18O, δD) of near-surface water vapor, precipitation and samples of the top (0.5 cm) snow surface has been conducted during two summers (2011–2012) at NEEM, NW Greenland. The samples also include a subset of 17O-excess measurements over 4 days, and the measurements span the 2012 Greenland heat wave. Our observations are consistent with calculations assuming isotopic equilibrium between surface snow and water vapor. We observe a strong correlation between near-surface vapor δ18O and air temperature (0.85 ± 0.11‰ °C−1 (R = 0.76) for 2012). The correlation with air temperature is not observed in precipitation data or surface snow data. Deuterium excess (d-excess) is strongly anti-correlated with δ18O with a stronger slope for vapor than for precipitation and snow surface data. During nine 1–5-day periods between precipitation events, our data demonstrate parallel changes of δ18O and d-excess in surface snow and near-surface vapor. The changes in δ18O of the vapor are similar or larger than those of the snow δ18O. It is estimated using the CROCUS snow model that 6 to 20% of the surface snow mass is exchanged with the atmosphere. In our data, the sign of surface snow isotopic changes is not related to the sign or magnitude of sublimation or deposition. Comparisons with atmospheric models show that day-to-day variations in near-surface vapor isotopic composition are driven by synoptic variations and changes in air mass trajectories and distillation histories. We suggest that, in between precipitation events, changes in the surface snow isotopic composition are driven by these changes in near-surface vapor isotopic composition. This is consistent with an estimated 60% mass turnover of surface snow per day driven by snow recrystallization processes under NEEM summer surface snow temperature gradients. Our findings have implications for ice core data interpretation and model–data comparisons, and call for further process studies.
Published: 2014

15. Characteristic atmosphere–ocean–solid earth interactions in the Antarctic coastal and marine environment inferred from seismic and infrasound recording at Syowa Station, East Antarctica

Author: Yoshiaki Ishihara, Alessia Maggi, Eléonore Stutzmann, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Genti Toyokuni, Masaki Kanao, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Sismologie (IPGS) (IPGS-Sismologie), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Astronomical Observatory, National Institutes of Natural Sciences [Tokyo] (NINS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KUT, Kochi University of Technology (KUT), Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Tohoku University [Sendai], and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seismometer, Microseism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Infrasound, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geology, Ocean Engineering, Storm, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Microbarom, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Wind wave, 14. Life underwater, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Several characteristic waves detected by seismographs in Antarctic stations have been recognized as originating from the physical interaction between the solid earth and the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere system surrounding the Antarctic and may be used as a proxy for characterizing ocean wave climate. A Chaparral-type infrasound sensor was installed at Syowa Station (SYO; 39.6E, 69.0S), East Antarctica, in April 2008 during the International Polar Year (IPY2007-2008). Matching data are also available for this time period from the existing broadband seismic recorder located close by. Continuous infrasound data for 2008-2009 include background signals (microbaroms) with a broad peak in the wave period between the values of 4 and 10 s. Signals with the same period are recorded by the broadband seismograph at SYO (microseisms). This period band is identified as double-frequency microseisms/baroms (DFM). The DFM have relatively lower amplitudes during winter. We suggest that this is due to the sea-ice extent around the coast causing a decreased ocean loading effect. In contrast, the single frequency microseisms/baroms with a peak in period between 12 and 30 s are observed under storm conditions, particularly in winter. On the infrasound data, stationary signals are identified with harmonic overtones at a few Hertz to lowermost human audible band, which we suggest is due to local effects such as sea-ice cracking and vibration. Microseism measurements are a useful proxy for characterizing ocean wave climate, complementing other oceanographic and geophysical data. At SYO, continuous monitoring by both broadband seismograph and infrasound contributes to the Federation of Digital Seismographic Networks, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in the high southern latitudes and the Pan-Antarctic Observations System under the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
Published: 2013

16. Low-Mg rock debris in howardites: Evidence for KREEPy lithologies on Vesta?

Author: Jean-Alix Barrat, Akira Yamaguchi, Claire Bollinger, Albert Jambon, Omar Boudouma, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, KREEP, Hyalophane, Pyroxene, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Baddeleyite, Symplectite, Geochemistry and Petrology, Pigeonite, engineering, Pyroxferroite, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; The Northwest Africa (NWA) 1664 and 1769 howardites contain fragments of low-Mg lithologies. These clasts consist of plagioclase, Fe-rich pyroxenes (high-Ca pyroxene and an Fe-rich pigeonite (or pyroxferroite) partially to totally converted to a silica-fayalite-hedenbergite symplectite), K-Ba-feldspars (hyalophane), silica, troilite, phosphates (merrillite and apatite), ilmenite, baddeleyite and zircon. Textural considerations and phase compositions show that these clasts cannot be unrepre- sentative debris of mesostasis-rich areas from eucrites, but are instead remnants of evolved rocks. The occurrence of hyalo- phane and the modal abundances of phosphates in the largest of them suggest that their source rocks were much more K- and P-rich than regular HEDs. Moreover, the rare earth element abundances of the pyroxenes indicate that their parental melts were rich in incompatible trace elements (possibly at the level of 100 ﰀ CI or much higher for heavy REEs), with variable negative Eu anomalies. Although, their petrogenesis is uncertain, they demonstrate that magmatic activity on Vesta has been able to generate a diversity of rocks greater than generally thought, and local lithologies with possible KREEP affinities.
Published: 2012

17. State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling

Author: Toshitaka Suzuki, Shuhei Takahashi, Ralf Greve, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Shinichiro Horikawa, Yoshinori Iizuka, Ryu Uemura, Atsushi Furusaki, Takayuki Kuramoto, Akira Oka, Masakazu Yoshimori, Shuji Fujita, Kimikazu Sasa, Jun'ichi Okuno, Makoto Igarashi, Takeo Hondoh, Takeshi Saito, Takashi Saito, Keisuke Suzuki, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Akira Hori, Hideaki Motoyama, Rumi Ohgaito, Teruo Furukawa, Yuki Matsushi, Koji Fujita, Fuyuki Saito, Yoshiki Nakayama, Kenji Kawamura, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Frank Pattyn, Nobuhiko Azuma, Fumio Nakazawa, Shuji Aoki, Mika Kohno, Ichio Obinata, Atsushi Miyamoto, Morihiro Miyahara, Okitsugu Watanabe, Yasuo Nagashima, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Kazuho Horiuchi, Kunio Shinbori, Kotaro Fukui, Takao Kameda, Ikumi Oyabu, Yoichi Tanaka, Takayasu Yoshimoto, Kunio Takahashi, Hiroshi Kanda, Frédéric Parrenin, Junichi Okuyama, Fumihiko Nishio, Takayuki Miyake, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Hakime Seddik, Kotaro Yokoyama, Yutaka Ageta, Yasuyuki Shibata, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Morimasa Takata, Genta Watanabe, Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, japan (SOKENDAI), Tateyama Caldera Sabo Museum, Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Kitami Institute of Technology (KIT), Kitami Institute of Technology, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Glaciologie [Bruxelles], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Graduate School of Science and Engineering [Yamagata], Yamagata University, University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Kyoto University
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleoclimate, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, climate model, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Ice age, Sea ice, Cryosphere, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, abrupt climate change, Antarctica ice sheet, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Climate oscillation, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, SciAdv r-articles, Généralités, Ice-sheet model, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Abrupt climate change, Ice sheet, ice core, Geology, Research Article
Abstract: Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720,000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instability with bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration via global cooling and sea ice formation in the North Atlantic, in addition to extended Northern Hemisphere ice sheets., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

18. CEAMARC, the Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census for the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (IPY # 53): An overview

Author: Anne Goffart, Takashi Ishimaru, Masato Moteki, Martin J. Riddle, Philippe Koubbi, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Graham W. Hosie, Mitsuo Fukuchi, Nadia Améziane, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Marine life, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, 14. Life underwater, Marine biodiversity, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Census, Plankton, CEAMARC, Oceanography, Geography, Pelagic, 13. Climate action, CAML, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, %22">Fish
Abstract: The Census for Antarctic Marine Life (CAML, IPY Project 53) aimed to investigate the distribution and abundance of Antarctic marine biodiversity and how it will be affected by climate change. It was a major ship-based research programme in the austral summer of 2007-2008 involving scientists from 30 countries and 19 vessels. The Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census (CEAMARC) was a multinational contribution to CAML involving scientists and students from several nations using three ships from Australia, Japan and France surveying the one area. This collaboration was a highly coordinated and comprehensive survey of the plankton, fish, benthos, oceanography and geophysical conditions of the waters north of Terre Adelie and George V Land of Eastern Antarctica. CEAMARC has provided a robust benchmark of the marine life in this poorly studied sector and will help to establish the monitoring of future changes in this region. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011
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19. Relative chronology of crust formation on asteroid Vesta: Insights from the geochemistry of diogenites

Author: Akira Yamaguchi, Brigitte Zanda, Marcel Bohn, Jean-Alix Barrat, Claire Bollinger, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Sciences, Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Muséum (LMCM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Basalt, Diogenite, Lithology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Partial melting, Geochemistry, Crust, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Meteorite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, Asteroid, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The eucrites and diogenites are meteorites that probably originate from asteroid 4-Vesta. The upper part of the crust of this body is certainly composed of eucrites which are basaltic or gabbroic rocks. Diogenites are ultramafic cumulates whose relationships with eucritic lithologies are unknown. Here, we show that the orthopyroxenes of some diogenites display very deep negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* close to 0.1 or lower). The contamination of the parental magmas of diogenites by melts derived by partial melting of the eucritic crust can satisfactorily explain the range of the Eu anomalies displayed by diogenites. Thus, these anomalies are the first firm indication that parental melts of diogenites have intruded the eucritic crust, and consequently are younger than eucrites.
Published: 2010

20. Trace element geochemistry of K-rich impact spherules from howardites

Author: Richard C. Greenwood, Akira Yamaguchi, Claire Bollinger, Ian A. Franchi, Jean-Alix Barrat, Marcel Bohn, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), and The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Trace element, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Meteorite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Asteroid, Breccia, Achondrite, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) achondrites are a group of meteorites that probably originate from the asteroid Vesta. Howardites are complex polymict breccias that sometimes contain, in addition to various rock debris, impact melt glasses which show an impressive range of compositions. In this paper we report on the geochemistry and O isotopes of a series of 6 Saharan polymict breccias (4 howardites and 2 polymict eucrites), and on the trace element abundances of high-K impact spherules found in two of them, Northwest Africa (NWA) 1664 and 1769, which are likely paired. The high-K impact spherules found in the howardites NWA 1664 and NWA 1769 display remarkable trace element patterns. Compared to eucrites or howardites, they all show prominent enrichments in Cs, Rb, K, Li and Ba, strong depletion in Na, while the REE and other refractory elements are unfractionated. These features could not have been generated during impact melting of their host howardites, nor other normal HED target materials. The involvement of Na-poor rocks, and possibly rocks of granitic composition, appears likely. Although these lithologies cannot be well constrained at present, our results demonstrate that the surface of Vesta is certainly more diverse than previously thought. Indeed, despite the large number of available HED meteorites (about 1000 different meteorites), the latter are probably not sufficient to describe the whole surface of their parent body.
Published: 2009

21. REGULATION OF TRIP DURATION BY AN INSHORE FORAGER, THE LITTLE PENGUIN (EUDYPTULA MINOR), DURING INCUBATION

Author: Akiko Kato, Yan Ropert-Coudert, André Chiaradia, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Foraging, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, prey-encounter rate, 14. Life underwater, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Eudyptula minor, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Duration (music), Little Penguin, TRIPS architecture, Animal Science and Zoology, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, trip duration, human activities, Dove, Body condition
Abstract: International audience; Both sexes of central-place-foraging seabirds usually share the task of incubation and alternate fasting bouts on the egg with foraging trips at sea. Because foraging strategies during incubation are poorly known, compared with strategies during chick rearing, we examined the foraging behavior of incubating Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor), together with nest-attendance behavior. The duration of foraging trips varied greatly (1–9 days). Birds with lower initial body condition made longer foraging trips, and the increase in body condition after multi-day trips was higher than that after single-day trips. During trips of >1 day, females dove more times each day but total underwater time did not differ between the sexes. By contrast, during one-day trips, foraging males made as many dives as females and spent more time underwater. Birds making longer trips spent more time diving on the second day than on the first day. The proportion of dives in which prey was encountered was lower during single-day than multi-day trips; during the latter, the proportion was lower on the first day than on the second and subsequent days. Body condition of Little Penguins seems to be an important factor influencing trip duration during incubation. Little Penguins apparently undergo long trips to target more profitable, distant prey patches. Incubating Little Penguins benefit from combining short and long trips at sea to optimize both reproduction and survival.
Published: 2008

22. The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice core

Author: Valérie Masson-Delmotte, L. Loulergue, Bianca Maria Narcisi, Jean-Marc Barnola, J. R. Petit, Anders Svensson, J. Beer, Hubertus Fischer, Grant M. Raisbeck, U. Ruth, Jean Jouzel, Frédéric Parrenin, Eric W. Wolff, Kenji Kawamura, Claire Waelbroeck, Jérôme Chappellaz, Dominique Raynaud, Bénédicte Lemieux-Dudon, Thomas Blunier, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Mirko Severi, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Roberto Udisti, Emiliano Castellano, Jakob Schwander, Shuji Fujita, Renato Spahni, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Chemistry, Univ. Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], ENEA - Casaccia, Roma, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), EGU, Publication, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Surface Waters, Department of Chemistry, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies [Sendai], Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), University of Florence (UNIFI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: timescale, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Glaciology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 530 Physics, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, drilling, Dome (geology), Paleontology, Meteorology and Climatology, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Ice core, paleoclimate, Earth Science, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, Drilling, East Antarctica, chronology, Snow, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Chemistry, snow accumulation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Antarctica, bedrock, LAST GLACIAL PERIOD, ANTARCTIC ICE, LATE PLEISTOCENE, EAST ANTARCTICA, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, OXYGEN-ISOTOPE, RECORD, GREENLAND, AGE, CYCLES, ice core, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: The EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C drilling in East Antarctica has now been completed to a depth of 3260 m, at only a few meters above bedrock. Here we present the new official EDC3 chronology, which is based on the use of 1) a snow accumulation and mechanical flow model, and 2) a set of independent age markers along the core. These are obtained by pattern matching of recorded parameters to either absolutely dated paleoclimatic records, or to insolation variations. We show that this new time scale is in excellent agreement with the Dome Fuji and Vostok ice core time scales back to 100 kyr within 1 kyr. Discrepancies larger than 3 kyr arise during MIS 5.4, 5.5 and 6, which points to anomalies in either snow accumulation or mechanical flow during these time periods. We estimate that EDC3 gives accurate event durations within 20% (2σ ) back to MIS11 and accurate absolute ages with a maximum uncertainty of 6 kyr back to 800 kyr.
Published: 2007

23. The Stannern trend eucrites: Contamination of main group eucritic magmas by crustal partial melts

Author: Akira Yamaguchi, Ian A. Franchi, Richard C. Greenwood, Mathieu Benoit, Jean-Alix Barrat, Marcel Bohn, J. Cotten, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), and The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)
Subjects: Diogenite, Eucrite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Partial melting, Trace element, Geochemistry, Crust, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (geology), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Group (stratigraphy), Clastic rock, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We report on the petrology of a new eucrite belonging to the Stannern trend and discuss the origin of this trend. The eucrite Northwest Africa 4523 (NWA 4523) is an equilibrated eucrite consisting of dark clasts embedded in a fine-grained crystallized matrix. Two types of clasts have been observed: medium-grained ophitic/subophitic clasts, and very fine-grained clasts. Despite textural differences, the clasts display the same mineralogy, in particular the same kind of pyroxenes with pigeonitic cores containing sparse exsolution lamellae, and augitic rims, zoned plagioclases and the occurrence of K-feldspar. The major and trace element abundances of a large medium-grained clast are very similar to Stannern or Bouvante. The Stannern trend eucrites are characterized by high incompatible trace element abundances. Their trace element patterns normalized to a representative Main Group eucrite, exhibit significant Eu, Sr and Be negative anomalies. In this paper, we show that contamination of Main Group eucritic magmas by melts derived by partial melting of the asteroid's crust can successfully explain both the high incompatible trace elements concentrations and the distinctive Eu, Sr, Be anomalies shown by the Stannern trend eucrites. This model is in agreement with the view that Stannern and some Main Group-Nuevo Laredo trend eucrites have been contemporaneously erupted, and with the probable assumption that Stannern trend eucrites formed rather late in the history of the 4-Vesta's crust.
Published: 2007

24. Dispersal and dive patterns in gravid leatherback turtles during the nesting season in French Guiana

Author: Yasuhiko Naito, Sabrina Fossette, Sandra Ferraroli, Katsufumi Sato, Y. Le Maho, Nobuaki Arai, Hideji Tanaka, Jean-Yves Georges, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Social Informatics Graduate School of informatics, Kyoto University [Kyoto], National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Satellite tracking, media_common.quotation_subject, Foraging, Aquatic Science, Dermochelys coriacea, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Critically endangered, Coastal zone, 14. Life underwater, Guiana's continental shelf, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Nesting season, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Shore, Benthic behaviour, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Continental shelf, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Diving behaviour, Fishery, Geography, Oceanography, FOS: Biological sciences, Biological dispersal, Reproduction
Abstract: We present the first combined analysis of diving behaviour and dispersal data collected from gravid leatherback turtles during 3 consecutive nesting seasons in French Guiana. In total, 23 turtles were fitted with Argos satellite transmitters and 16 individuals (including 6 that were concur- rently satellite-tracked) were equipped with an electronic time-depth recorder for single inter- nesting intervals, i.e. between 2 consecutive ovi-positions. The leatherbacks dispersed over the con- tinental shelf—from the coastal zone to the shelf break—and moved over 546.2 ± 154.1 km (mean ± SD) in waters of French Guiana and neighbouring Suriname. They mostly performed shallow (9.4 ± 9.2 m) and short (4.4 ± 3.4 min) dives with a slight diurnal pattern. They dived deeper as they moved away from the coast, suggesting that they were predominantly following the seabed. Inter-nesting intervals could be divided into 2 phases: the first comprised 75% of the time turtles spent at sea, dur- ing which they dived on average 47 min h -1 , while the second was characterised by lower and more variable diving effort as the turtles returned to shore. The extended movements of leatherbacks and the fine analysis of dive shapes suggest that, in French Guiana, leatherbacks may feed during the inter-nesting interval, probably to compensate for the energy costs associated with reproduction. Consequently, this critically endangered species is exposed to a high risk of interaction with local fisheries over the continental shelf.
Published: 2007

25. Inter-colony and sex differences in the effects of parental body condition and foraging effort on the brood growth of Ad�lie penguins

Author: Akiko Kato, Akinori Takahashi, Yutaka Watanuki, Charles A. Bost, Katsufumi Sato, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, Body condition, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Foraging, Seabird, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Brood, Sexual dimorphism, Animal ecology, biology.animal, Diving time, Sea ice, Food provisioning, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Foraging distance, Parental investment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; Among colonies with different foraging distances, central-place-foraging seabirds may change their foraging and reproductive efforts. We compared the body condition, meal frequency, and diving behavior of male and female Adélie penguins at two locations: Dumont d'Urville, where there was little sea ice and they foraged in open waters far from the colony; and Syowa, where there was heavy, fast sea ice and they foraged in ice cracks close to the colony. The parental mass decrease rate during the chick-rearing period was similar between colonies and between sexes. A large individual variation in meal frequency positively affected the brood growth rate, but daily underwater time did not. A weak but significant positive effect of body condition on brood growth rate was found only in males at Syowa. It was suggested that males work with better body condition than females. We propose the hypothesis that the regional difference in the distance to the feeding sites and the sex difference in body energy reserve might constrain the capacity to regulate reproductive effort.
Published: 2004

26. Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins

Author: Akiko Kato, Yutaka Watanuki, Y. Le Maho, Yasuaki Niizuma, Yasuhiko Naito, Katsufumi Sato, Yves Handrich, Charles-André Bost, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Hokkaido Information University, Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'écologie et physiologie énergétiques (CEPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Buoyancy, Air volume, Meteorology, Physiology, Potential risk, Lung volume measurement, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, engineering.material, medicine.disease, Positive correlation, Decompression sickness, Oceanography, Insect Science, medicine, engineering, Animal Science and Zoology, Flipper, Diving physiology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology
Abstract: SUMMARYUsing a newly developed data logger to measure acceleration, we demonstrate that free-ranging king and Adélie penguins only beat their flippers substantially during the first part of descent or when they were presumed to be chasing prey at the bottom of dives. Flipper beating stopped during the latter part of ascent: at 29±9 % (mean ± S.D.) of dive depth(mean dive depth=136.8±145.1 m, N=425 dives) in king penguins,and at 52±20 % of dive depth (mean dive depth=72.9±70.5 m, N=664 dives) in Adélie penguins. Propulsive swim speeds of both species were approximately 2 m s-1 during dives; however, a marked increase in speed, up to approximately 2.9 m s-1, sometimes occurred in king penguins during the passive ascending periods. During the prolonged ascending, oblique ascent angle and slowdown near the surface may represent one way to avoid the potential risk of decompression sickness. Biomechanical calculations for data from free-ranging king and Adélie penguins indicate that the air volume of the birds (respiratory system and plumage) can provide enough buoyancy for the passive ascent. When comparing the passive ascents for shallow and deep dives, there is a positive correlation between air volume and the depth of the dive. This suggests that penguins regulate their air volume to optimize the costs and benefits of buoyancy.
Published: 2002

27. Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota

Author: Philippe Ziegler, Philip W. Boyd, Christophe Barbraud, Stuart Corney, Andrew J. Constable, Kate Richerson, Robert A. Massom, Daniel P. Costa, Julian Gutt, Nobuo Kokubun, Stephen Nicol, Mary-Anne Lea, Karen J. Westwood, Keith Reid, Dieter Wolf-Gladrow, Eileen E. Hofmann, Phil Trathan, Takahiro Iida, So Kawaguchi, Kerrie M. Swadling, Eugene J. Murphy, Kevin R. Arrigo, Walker O. Smith, Kunio T. Takahashi, Azwianewi B. Makhado, David K. A. Barnes, Hugh W. Ducklow, Philippe Koubbi, Nadine M. Johnston, Sarah Jacob, Michael D. Sumner, Graham Hosie, Michael P. Meredith, José C. Xavier, Andrew T. Davidson, Dirk Welsford, Klaus M Meiners, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, Louise Emmerson, Colin Southwell, Stephen R. Rintoul, Mitsuo Fukuchi, Jonathon S. Stark, Barbara Wienecke, Henri Weimerskirch, Angelika Brandt, Mark A. Hindell, Martin J. Riddle, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Simon W. Wright, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Economics, and University of Sussex
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, Krill, Climate Change, Oceans and Seas, Climate change, Antarctic Regions, ocean acidification, Wind, Physical oceanography, Sea ice, Water Movements, Environmental Chemistry, Marine ecosystem, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, marine ecosystems, marine mammals, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, sea-ice, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, plankton, Marine habitats, benthos, Ocean acidification, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biota, penguins, Oceanography, Antarctic krill, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Antarctica, krill
Abstract: International audience; Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea-ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This paper reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea-ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms, but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

28. Electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of Sn doped α-Ga2O3 thin films

Author: K. Akaiwa, Ei Shigematsu, H. J. von Bardeleben, Sz. Fujita, E. Chikoidze, Yves Dumont, Kentaro Kaneko, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Couches nanométriques : formation, interfaces, défauts (INSP-E5), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Direct and indirect band gaps, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Shallow donor
Abstract: We investigated the effect of Sn doping on the optical, electrical, and magneto transport properties of epitaxial α-Ga2O3 thin films grown by mist-Chemical Vapour Deposition. Sn introduces a shallow donor level at ∼0.1 eV and has a high solubility allowing doping up to 1020 cm−3. The lowest obtained resistivity of the films is 2.0 × 10−1 Ω cm. The Sn doped films with a direct band gap of 5.1 eV remain transparent in the visible and UV range. The electrical conduction mechanism and magneto-transport have been investigated for carrier concentrations below and above the insulator-metal transition. The magnetic properties of the neutral Sn donor and the conduction electrons have been studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A spin S = 1/2 state and C3V point symmetry of the neutral Sn donor is found to be in good agreement with the model of a simple SnGa center.
Published: 2016

29. Dive efficieny versus depth in foraging emperor penguins

Author: Ilka Zimmer, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Akiko Kato, Michaël Beaulieu, André Ancel, Joachim Plötz, Rory P. Wilson, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Swansea University, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, and National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dive efficiency, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aptenodytes, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Foraging, Prey capture, Foraging depth, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Bottom dive duration, Emperor penguins, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Maximum rate
Abstract: International audience; Dive duration generally decreases with dive depth in air-breathing vertebrates. In most penguin species, this occurs due to increasing transit (descent and ascent) durations. However, in U-shaped dives, this is also because the duration of the bottom phase of the dive increases with increasing depth. We considered the time-based efficiency with which birds can use different diving depths by using depth recorders on 9 foraging emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri, studied during the early and late chick-rearing period in Adélie Land, Antarctica. Dive and post-dive duration positively correlated with diving depth, but particularly long recovery durations were apparent for dives longer than 456 s. This inflection point (i.e. 456 s) corresponded to a theorized maximum rate of gain of prey per dive cycle. By using the number of undulations in the bottom phase of the dive as a proxy for prey capture success, we conclude that the most lucrative dive depths for the birds studied were between 50 and 225 m. Since these depths were also those most often visited, we think that foraging emperor penguins focus on depths where profitability is highest.
Published: 2010

30. Evidence of dominant parasympathetic nervous activity of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo)

Author: Akiko Kato, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Shin-ichi Hayama, Maki Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Naito, Masayoshi Kuwahara, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Comparative Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The University of Tokyo
Subjects: Atropine, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, 030310 physiology, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Baroreflex, Intrinsic heart rate, Birds, Great cormorant, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Internal medicine, Heart rate, medicine, Heart rate variability, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, High frequency power, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Power spectral analysis, Power component, Propranolol, Electrocardiogram, Blockade, Autonomic nervous activity, Endocrinology, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; The characteristics of autonomic nervous activity were examined on captive great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae, using a power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Heart rates were calculated from recordings of the electrocardiograms of the birds via embarked data loggers. We investigated the effects of blockades of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems using the indices of autonomic nervous activity such as high frequency (0.061-1.5 Hz) component, low frequency (0.02-0.060 Hz) component and the low frequency power component to high frequency power component ratio. Resting heart rate (85.5 ± 6.1 bpm) was lower than the intrinsic heart rate (259.2 ± 15.3 bpm). The heart rate drastically increased after the injection of the parasympathetic nervous blocker, on the other hand it slightly decreased after the injection of the sympathetic nervous blocker. The sympathetic, parasympathetic and net autonomic nervous tones calculated from heart rate with and without blockades were 40.9 ± 27.6, -44.5 ± 7.4 and -29.5 ± 9.0%, respectively. The effect of the parasympathetic nervous blockade on low frequency and high frequency power was greater than that of the sympathetic nervous blockade. Those data suggested that the parasympathetic nervous activity was dominant for great cormorants.
Published: 2008

31. Stratomesospheric CO measured by a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer over Poker Flat, Alaska: Comparisons with Odin/SMR and a 2-D model

Author: Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Yasuhiro Murayama, Y. Kasai, Donal P. Murtagh, Miriam Sinnhuber, A. Kagawa, Nicholas B. Jones, P. Ricaud, E. Dupuy, Joachim Urban, Brice Barret, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Environmental Sensing and Network Group, National Institute of information and telecommunications technology, Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Futjitsu FIP Corporation, FIP Corporation, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Kyoto University [Kyoto]
Subjects: FTIR, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Correlation coefficient, Chemical transport model, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, Troposphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), mesosphere, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Radiometer, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, CO, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science, Polar, Thermosphere
Abstract: International audience; The interseasonal variability of stratomesospheric CO is reported from Poker Flat, Alaska, using spectra from a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (gb-FTS) for the time period from 2000 to 2004. The CO spectra were analyzed using an optimal estimation technique that separates the tropospheric and stratospheric/mesospheric components into partial columns. The distribution of CO in the polar winter is such that the gb-FTS retrieved partial column is weighted to the mesosphere. The gb-FTS data are compared with measurements of partial column CO from the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer on board the Odin satellite and shown to be in very good agreement despite the relatively small sample size. The mean difference of the two data sets indicates a small positive bias (7.6 ± 6%) in favor of the Odin data, with a correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.91. The gb-FTS data indicate that there is a strong seasonal dependence of the CO partial column that is consistent with known winter polar thermospheric descent of CO enriched air. Year-to-year variability is explained in terms of mesospheric wind dynamics, which show 2004 and components of 2002 were affected by earlier than expected breakdown (30 ± 13 d) of the winter polar circulation compared with 2000 to 2003. Finally, the measured CO data is compared with a 2-D chemical transport model that gives support to the idea that springtime polar mesospheric CO is driven by meridional winds.
Published: 2007

32. Ice flow modelling at EPICA Dome C and Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

Author: Parrenin, F., Dreyfus, G., Durand, Geoffroy, Fujita, S., Gagliardini, O., Gillet, F., Jouzel, Jean, Kawamura, K., Lhomme, N., Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Ritz, C., Schwander, J., Shoji, H., Uemura, R., Watanabe, O., Yoshida, N., Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Physics Institute, New Energy Resources Research Center, Frontier Collaborative Research Center (FCRC), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 1-D ice flow models are used to construct the age scales at the Dome C and Dome Fuji drilling sites (East Antarctica). The poorly constrained glaciological parameters at each site are recovered by fitting independent age markers identified on each core. We reconstruct past accumulation rates, that are larger than those modelled using the classical vapour saturation pressure relationship during glacial periods by up to a factor 1.5. During the Early Holocene, changes in reconstructed accumulation are not linearly related to changes in ice isotopic composition. A simple model of past elevation changes is developed and shows an amplitude variation of 110–120 m at both sites. We suggest that there is basal melting at Dome C (0.56±0.19 mm/yr). The reconstructed velocity profile is highly non linear at both sites, which suggests complex ice flow effects. This induces a non linear thinning function in both drilling sites, which is also characterized by bumps corresponding to variations in surface elevation with time.
Published: 2007

33. Huddling behavior in emperor penguins : dynamics of huddling

Author: André Ancel, Yasuhiko Naito, Caroline Gilbert, Graham Robertson, Yvon Le Maho, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, National Insitute of Polar Research, and National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR)
Subjects: Time budget, Male, Light, Climate, Individuality, Zoology, Antarctic Regions, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Research Support, Behavioral Neuroscience, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Feeding behavior, Seasonal breeder, Animals, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Social Behavior, Non-U.S. Gov't, Sex Behavior, Weather, Animal ethology, biology, Ecology, Animal, Aptenodytes, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Temperature, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Feeding Behavior, Thermoregulation, biology.organism_classification, Spheniscidae, Circadian Rhythm, Feather, visual_art, FOS: Biological sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Female, Social Behavior Spheniscidae/*physiology Temperature Weather
Abstract: International audience; Although huddling was shown to be the key by which emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) save energy and sustain their breeding fast during the Antarctic winter, the intricacies of this social behavior have been poorly studied. We recorded abiotic variables with data loggers glued to the feathers of eight individually marked emperor penguins to investigate their thermoregulatory behavior and to estimate their "huddling time budget" throughout the breeding season (pairing and incubation period). Contrary to the classic view, huddling episodes were discontinuous and of short and variable duration, lasting 1.6+/-1.7 (S.D.) h on average. Despite heterogeneous huddling groups, birds had equal access to the warmth of the huddles. Throughout the breeding season, males huddled for 38+/-18% (S.D.) of their time, which raised the ambient temperature that birds were exposed to above 0 degrees C (at average external temperatures of -17 degrees C). As a consequence of tight huddles, ambient temperatures were above 20 degrees C during 13+/-12% (S.D.) of their huddling time. Ambient temperatures increased up to 37.5 degrees C, close to birds' body temperature. This complex social behavior therefore enables all breeders to get a regular and equal access to an environment which allows them to save energy and successfully incubate their eggs during the Antarctic winter.
Published: 2007
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34. Spatially Extensive Standardized Surveys Reveal Widespread, Multi-Decadal Increase in East Antarctic Adélie Penguin Populations

Author: John McKinlay, Henri Weimerskirch, Kym Newbery, Louise Emmerson, Akiko Kato, Colin Southwell, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Akinori Takahashi, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Peninsula, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, geography, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Adelie penguin, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, sense organs, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Seabirds are considered to be useful and practical indicators of the state of marine ecosystemsbecause they integrate across changes in the lower trophic levels and the physicalenvironment. Signals from this key group of species can indicate broad scale impacts orresponse to environmental change. Recent studies of penguin populations, the most commonlyabundant Antarctic seabirds in the west Antarctic Peninsula and western Ross Sea,have demonstrated that physical changes in Antarctic marine environments have profoundeffects on biota at high trophic levels. Large populations of the circumpolar-breeding Adéliepenguin occur in East Antarctica, but direct, standardized population data across much ofthis vast coastline have been more limited than in other Antarctic regions. We combineextensive new population survey data, new population estimation methods, and re-interpretedhistorical survey data to assess decadal-scale change in East Antarctic Adélie penguinbreeding populations. We show that, in contrast to the west Antarctic Peninsula andwestern Ross Sea where breeding populations have decreased or shown variable trendsover the last 30 years, East Antarctic regional populations have almost doubled in abundancesince the 1980’s and have been increasing since the earliest counts in the 1960’s.The population changes are associated with five-year lagged changes in the physical environment,suggesting that the changing environment impacts primarily on the pre-breedingage classes. East Antarctic marine ecosystems have been subject to a number of changesover the last 50 years which may have influenced Adélie penguin population growth, includingdecadal-scale climate variation, an inferred mid-20th century sea-ice contraction, andearly-to-mid 20th century exploitation of fish and whale populations.
Published: 2015

35. Step Frequency Radar Experiments On The Antarctic Sea Ice

Author: Shinji Mae, Ken-ichi Okamoto, H. Mlneno, Fumihiko Nishio, Seiho Uratsuka, Communications Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, National Institute of Polar Research, Kimitsu Satellite Control Center, Telecommunication Satellite Corporation of Japan, and Department of Applied Physics,Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Antarctic sea ice, Snow, Physics::Geophysics, law.invention, law, Phase (matter), Sea ice thickness, Sea ice, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Radar, Sea ice concentration, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geology, Remote sensing, Measurement of sea ice
Abstract: Step frequency radar experiments have been carried out on sea ice near Syowa Station as part of the 27th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition to develop an airborne sensor for measuring vertical sea ice structures. Step frequency radar has characteristics of high resolution and low frequency (UHF band), which is an advantage in measuring sea ice. The experiments are the first application of this radar for measuring sea ice thickness. The radar transmits 32 different frequencies in a stepwise fashion between 300 and 796 MHz and measures the amplitude and phase of reflected waves at each frequency. The discrete Fourier transform of the 32 complex values of signals indicates the distance of vertical sea ice structures. The range resolution is about 15cm in sea ice. The experimental results showed that the radar system could successfully measure vertical sea ice structures : (1) The distance between the surface and the snow/ice interface or between the surface and the sea ice bottom deduced by this method coincided with direct measurements in sample holes. (2) Snow depth was measured very clearly by the radar system.
Published: 2005

36. The three-dimensional flight of red-footed boobies: adaptations to foraging in a tropical environment?

Author: Akiko Kato, Francis Marsac, Henri Weimerskirch, Yan Ropert-Coudert, M. Le Corre, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de la Réunion, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, accelerometers, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Foraging, Wind, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Predation, Optimal foraging theory, Birds, Altitude, Indian Ocean Islands, biology.animal, global positioning system, Tropical climate, Animals, Telemetry, 14. Life underwater, General Environmental Science, Analysis of Variance, Tropical Climate, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Data Collection, General Medicine, Feeding Behavior, tracking, prey capture, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Adaptation, Physiological, Fishery, Geography, Productivity (ecology), Flight, Animal, Climb, Seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article
Abstract: In seabirds a broad variety of morphologies, flight styles and feeding methods exist as an adaptation to optimal foraging in contrasted marine environments for a wide variety of prey types. Because of the low productivity of tropical waters it is expected that specific flight and foraging techniques have been selected there, but very few data are available. By using five different types of high-precision miniaturized logger (global positioning systems, accelerometers, time depth recorders, activity recorders, altimeters) we studied the way a seabird is foraging over tropical waters. Red-footed boobies are foraging in the day, never foraging at night, probably as a result of predation risks. They make extensive use of wind conditions, flying preferentially with crosswinds at median speed of 38 km h �'1 , reaching highest speeds with tail winds. They spent 66% of the foraging trip in flight, using a flap-glide flight, and gliding 68% of the flight. Travelling at low costs was regularly interrupted by extremely active foraging periods where birds are very frequently touching water for landing, plunge diving or surface diving (30 landings h -1 ). Dives were shallow (maximum 2.4 m) but frequent (4.5 dives h -1 ), most being plunge dives. While chasing for very mobile prey like flying fishes, boobies have adopted a very active and specific hunting behaviour, but the use of wind allows them to reduce travelling cost by their extensive use of gliding. During the foraging and travelling phases birds climb regularly to altitudes of 20-50 m to spot prey or congeners. During the final phase of the flight, they climb to high altitudes, up to 500 m, probably to avoid attacks by frigatebirds along the coasts. This study demonstrates the use by boobies of a series of very specific flight and activity patterns that have probably been selected as adaptations to the conditions of tropical waters.
Published: 2005

37. Sources and processes influencing black carbon over Alaska during wintertime

Author: Eleftherios Ioannidis, Law, Kathy S., Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Slimane Bekki, Anna, B. D., Brice Temime-Roussel, Barret, B., Roberts, Tjarda J., Elisabeth Andrews, Sho Ohata, Tatsuhiro Mori, Yutaka Kondo, Youngseob Kim, Fumikazu Taketani, Yugo Kanaya, Claire Granier, Quinn, Patricia K., Pratt, Kerri A., Meeta Cesler‐maloney, Jingqui Mao, Simpson, William R., TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research [Nagoya] (ISEE), Nagoya University, Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Fairbanks], and University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience

38. Water soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Antarctic aerosols

Author: Yoshie Imai, Richard Seméré, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Kimitaka Kawamura, Hayashi Masahiko, Institute of Low-Temperature Science, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Earth System Science and Technology [Fukuoka] (ESST), Kyushu University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Kyushu University [Fukuoka]
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Homologous series, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Derivatization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Water extraction, Nitrogen, Geophysics, Dicarboxylic acid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Succinic acid, Pyruvic acid, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Antarctic aerosols collected at Syowa Station were studied for water soluble organic compounds by employing a water extraction and dibutyl ester derivatization and using a capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total carbon and nitrogen were also determined. A homologous series of c•,o•-dicarboxylic acids (C2-Cll), 0./-oxoc&rboxylic &cids (C2-C9), and c•dicarbonyls (C2-C3) were detected, as well as pyruvic acid and aromatic (phthalic) diecid. Succinic (C4) or oxalic (C2) acid was found to be the dominant diecid species, followed by azelaic (C9), adipic (C6), or malonic (C3) acid. Concentration range of the total diacids was 5.9-88 ng m-3, with an average of 29 ng m-3. Highest concentrations were observed in the summer sample with a predominance of succinic acid (61.5 ng m-3), which comprised approximately 70% of the total diacids and accounted for 3.5% of total aerosol carbon (1020 ng m-3). The succinic acid (C4) is likely produced by photooxidation of 4-oxocarboxylic acids, which are present in the atmosphere as intermediates of the photooxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. These results indicate that the Antarctic organic aerosols originate from marine-derived lipids and are transformed largely by photochemical oxidations. c•-Oxocarboxylic acids (C2-C9, 0.36-3.0 ng m-3) also showed the highest concentration in the summer sample, again suggesting a secondary production in the atmosphere of the Antarctic and in the Southern Ocean.

39. Regional aerosol optical properties and radiative impact of the extreme smoke event in the European Arctic in spring 2006

Author: Gunnar Myhre, Carlos Toledano, Ellsworth J. Welton, Max Frioud, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Mona Johnsrud, A. M. de Frutos, Heikki Lihavainen, Kerstin Stebel, Karl Espen Yttri, V. Aaltonen, Kjetil Tørseth, Victoria E. Cachorro, Masataka Shiobara, James R. Campbell, C. Lund Myhre, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica (GOA-UVA), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), ALOMAR/Andøya Rocket Range, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Single-scattering albedo, 010501 environmental sciences, Radiative forcing, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, AERONET, Aerosol, 010309 optics, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Lidar, Arctic, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In spring 2006 a special meteorological situation occurred in the European Arctic region giving record high levels of air pollution. The synoptic situation resulted in extensive transport of pollution predominantly from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe into the Arctic region and record high air-pollution levels were measured at the Zeppelin observatory at Ny-Ålesund (78°54' N, 11°53' E) in the period from 25 April to 12 May. In the present study we investigate the optical properties of the aerosols from this extreme event and we estimate the radiative forcing of this episode. We examine the aerosol optical properties from the source region and into the European Arctic and explore the evolution of the episode and the changes in the optical properties. A number of sites in Eastern Europe, Northern Scandinavia and Svalbard are included in the study. The observations show that the maximum AOD was from 2–3 May at all sites and varies from 0.52 to 0.87, and the corresponding Ångstrøm exponent was relatively large. Lidar measurements from Minsk, ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research at Andenes) and Ny-Ålesund show that the aerosol layer was below 3 km at all sites the height is decreasing from the source region and into the Arctic. For the AERONET sites included (Minsk, Toravere, Hornsund) we have further studied the evolution of the aerosol size. The single scattering albedo at Svalbard is provided for two sites; Ny-Ålesund and Hornsund. Importantly the calculated single scattering albedo based on the aerosol chemical composition and size distribution from Ny-Ålesund and the AERONET measurements at Hornsund are consistent. We have found strong agreement between the satellite daily MODIS AOD and the ground-based AOD observations. This agreement is crucial for accurate radiative forcing calculations. We calculate a strong negative radiative forcing for the most polluted days employing the analysed ground based data, MODIS AOD and a multi-stream model for radiative transfer of solar radiation. During this specific pollution event the forcing reached values as low as −35 W m−2 in the region. For comparison, the direct forcing of a corresponding aerosol layer with a typical AOD of 0.05 for the season is around −5 W m−2.

40. Comparison between CNA and energetic electron precipitation: Simultaneous observation by Poker Flat Imaging Riometer and NOAA satellite

Author: Akira Kadokura, H. Mori, Dirk Lummerzheim, David S. Evans, J. Desrochers, Mamoru Ishii, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Murayama, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Minoru Kubota, EGU, Publication, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Geophysical Institute, NOAA Space Environment Center, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Correlation coefficient, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Electron precipitation, 01 natural sciences, Relativistic particle, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Riometer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Pitch angle, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), lcsh:Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic noise, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, lcsh:QC1-999, Computational physics, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, business, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The cosmic noise absorption (CNA) is compared with the precipitating electron flux for 19 events observed in the morning sector, using the high-resolution data obtained during the conjugate observations with the imaging riometer at Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR; 65.11° N, 147.42° W), Alaska, and the low-altitude satellite, NOAA12. We estimate the CNA, using the precipitating electron flux measured by NOAA12, based on a theoretical model assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution, and quantitatively compare them with the observed CNA. Focusing on the eight events with a range of variation larger than 0.4dB, three events show high correlation between the observed and estimated CNA (correlation coefficient (r0)>0.7) and five events show low correlation (r0 Keywords. Energetic particles, precipitating – Energetic particles, trapped – Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions

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