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Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of lower abdominal pain leading patients to admit the emergency department. Besides those developed paraclinical tests, ultrasound is the priority to support the diagnosis. Objectives: To survey and update the ultrasonographic characteristics of acute appendicitis in diagnosis at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 115 acute appendicitis patients diagnosed at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from December 2021 to July 2022, using SPSS 20 software to analyze data. Results: Among 115 patients that were diagnosed with acute appendicitis by ultrasound, the right iliac fossa was the most frequent location of the appendix (98.3%) and 1.7% of patients with acute appendicitis located behind the cecum. The direction signs suggested acute appendicitis on ultrasound were described by target sign and finger sign at 100%, appendiceal diameter >= 6mm at 97.4% and the average appendiceal length was 7cm ± 2cm. The indirection signs were fluid around the appendix (9.6%), fluid around right iliac fossa (4.3%), fecal stones in the appendix (8.7%), fluid in the appendix (16.5%), infiltrating around the appendix (74.8%) and lymph nodes response (7.8%). Conclusion: Our study updates data about acute appendicitis ultrasonographic image characteristic figures as well as a reference for clinical doctors to diagnose acute appendicitis by ultrasonography.

Background: Shingles is caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus. The duration of hospitalization prolong will increase the risk of superinfection, costs for treatment, and quality of life. Objectives: (1) To describe clinical manifestations of herpes zoster inpatients at Can Tho Dermato-Venereology Hospital. (2) To survey some related factors related to the duration of hospitalization of herpes zoster by He-Ne laser therapy at Can Tho Dermato-Venereology Hospital. Materials and methods: the cross-sectional study on all shingles patients admitted to Can Tho Dermato-Venereology Hospital during the study period. Results: The proportion of group patients >60 years old was 54.9% higher than the group of patients ≤60 with 45.1%. Most shingles patients had secondary school degrees with 69%. The rate of patients admitted to the hospital early ≤5 days after symptom onset was 72.6%. Patients hospitalized for ≤7 days accounted for 77%. Patients with mild illness had the highest rate with 58.4%, and the rate of medium and severe illness with 36.3% and 5.3% respectively. Most patients had superinfection with 72.6%. The group of patients admitted to the hospital early ≤5 days had a shorter duration of hospitalization than the group of patients admitted to the hospital late after 5 days. In the patient's group with superinfection and more severe disease, the duration of hospitalization was longer than in the patient’s group without superinfection and the severity of the disease was milder. All differences were statistically significant, p

School violence has been an urgent issue in schools today. A questionnaire survey done by 700 students and many in-depth interviews with students, and school social workers who support students at school such as the teachers, school administrators, psychological counselors, etc. are conducted at 3 secondary schools in Hanoi. Since then, the article has analyzed the current situation of school social work activities in preventing school violence among students in Hanoi. The results show that the schools have implemented social work activities toward preventing and intervening with students on school violence, however, the implementation effectiveness of these activities is not high, which leads to the remaining uncontrolled school violence. As a result, the article proposes some solutions to promote professional school social work activities to prevent school violence for students in current secondary schools in Hanoi.

Dengue encephalitis is considered as a severe but unusual clinical presentation of dengue infection. Limited molecular information is available on the neurotropism of dengue virus (DENV), highlighting the need for further research. During a dengue outbreak in Vietnam in 2013, two DENV-3 strains were isolated, in which one was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a dengue encephalitis patient and another strain was isolated from a patient with classical dengue fever in Hai Phong, Vietnam. DENV serotype-3 (DENV-3) isolated from these samples belonged to genotype III, marking the first report of this genotype in the country at that time. Genetic variation between both strains was elucidated by using a full genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The infectivity of the isolated DENV-3 strains was further characterized using human and mouse neuronal cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated high homogeneity between the CSF-derived and serum-derived DENV-3, in which the full genome sequences of the CSF-derived DENV-3 presented a Thr-1339-Ile mutation in the nonstructural 2A (NS2A) protein. The CSF-derived DENV-3 isolate grew preferentially in human neuronal cells, with a significant proportion of cells that were positive for nonstructural 1 (NS1), nonstructural 4B (NS4B), and nonstructural 5 (NS5) antigens. These results suggest that NS2A may be a crucial region in the neuropathogenesis of DENV-3 and its growth in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a CSF-derived DENV-3 has unique infectivity characteristics for human neuronal cells, which might play a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of DENV infection., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2023, art. no. 2635383; 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) through the lens of the dynamic capabilities framework. Contrary to most existing research, this study chooses a cross-national viewpoint, exploring companies operating in two emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 80 company managers operating in eight industries in Vietnam and Bolivia. The chosen inductive analysis was supported by qualitative content analysis and data structure. Findings The analysis reveals 13 conceptual dimensions. For instance, sensing opportunities underlines tangible and intangible “direct prospects”, such as enhanced accuracy, speed and cost effectiveness, whereas “operational management pressures” (sensing threats) identify the dilemma of changing individuals’ mindset, recruitment and addressing financial needs. While there is an overall agreement in key dimensions, differences between managers from both countries also arise, including staff’s adaptation and constant upskilling. Originality/value Empirically, this study responds to calls for cross-national studies investigating I4.0 initiatives. In doing so, the data gathered from company managers engaged in business in emerging economies afford new perspectives, with practitioner value. Theoretically, the numerous dimensions emerging from the data analysis provide useful conceptual insights to understand managerial aspects in considering and adapting to I4.0 expectations and requirements. These insights are reinforced by the development of a conceptual model that illuminates the initiatives, efforts and challenges of embracing this phenomenon.

This study aimed to provide information about the reproductive biology of moonlight gourami (Trichopodus microlepsis) distributed in U Minh National Parks. Fish samples were collected monthly from January to October 2019 at two locations: U Minh Ha (UMH, Ca Mau, n=462) and U Minh Thuong (UMT, Kien Giang, n=635). Results showed that the maturation-stage ratios of females were similar between the two fish populations. Mature females (with stage IV-ovaries) and the increase in their gonadal somatic index (GIS) were found from June to October, indicating that this period is their spawning season. GSI reached the highest values in August with 8.04% in UMH and 6.44% in UMT. Female fish of the UMH population showed higher average fecundity (7,483±3,008 eggs/female) and larger egg diameter (762±55 µm) than those of UMT (6,898±2,952 eggs/female and 754±43 µm, respectively), but these differences were not significant (p>0.05).

Purpose This study aims to identify the level of political participation of local citizen in 208 districts representing for 63 provinces and cities in Vietnam and consider the effects of candidate's attributes, local political contextual factors and other local citizen’s demographic characteristics on the elections of local leaders in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach By using Probit model and data about provincial governance and public administration performance index and self-survey about local leaders in the districts, this paper shows the different effects of candidates’ attributes, local political context and other local citizen’s characteristics on the first and second elections of local leaders in Vietnam. Findings The result indicates the probability of candidates being elected in the first term depends on their characteristics, local political context and local citizen. However, the reelection of local leaders for a second term depends much on their characteristics and local political context not on demographic characteristics of local citizen. The satisfaction rate of local citizen and being an incumbent for the first term are driving forces for the local citizen to elect their leader for the second term. Meanwhile, local political context such as local transparency, local official development assistance project and citizen satisfaction will increase the likelihood of local leaders being elected for the first and second terms. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study is the data of the self-survey because it only provides basic but not complete characteristics of candidates and local contexts in some typical districts in 63 provinces and cities across the country. Practical implications This paper includes policy implications for candidates who want to be elected for both terms and local governance in Vietnam. The government needs to focus on building human resources for local administration to meet the requirements of building a clean, strong, modern and anticorruption administrative system. Originality/value This paper extends the analysis on examining the characteristics of candidates and local citizen as well as local political context influencing the elections of local leaders, getting involved in the Vietnam context, still underresearched, especially with reference to political participation of local citizen.

This study investigates the factors affecting the teaching of English as the second language for non-English major students at economic universities in Hanoi. The key findings indicate that all the factors which affect the quality of teaching English at economic universities in Hanoi include teaching methods, lecture skills and qualifications, teaching materials, assessment, facility, and English learning attitudes. Specifically, English teaching methods have the strongest impact on the quality of teaching English. Through the results, the researchers propose practical recommendations for administrators, lecturers, and students to improve the quality of teaching English as the second language for non-English major students at economics universities in Hanoi.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare X-linked recessive androgen receptor (AR) disorder. However, the overlap in clinical manifestations between AIS and other disorders of sex development can cause clinical diagnostic difficulties. Applying the whole coding region sequencing method is an optimal method for the diagnosis of AIS. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen mutations in the AR gene as well as genes related to disorders of sex development (DSD). Sanger sequencing was applied to validate the mutations in the patient. One missense mutation in the AR gene which was reported previously was identified in the patient. In this site, nucleotide G is changed to A at position 2194 on cDNA (c.G2194A), leading to a substitution of aspartic at position 732 aspartic to asparagine (p.Asp732Asn). However, this is the first published case in a Vietnamese with this mutation. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of the AR gene in Vietnamese patients and confirms the usefulness of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis of AIS. The results of the study are the basis for supporting doctors in prenatal diagnosis and giving reasonable advice to patients and families.

Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 8A (LRRC8A) is an essential component of volume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs), which regulate cell volume. These anion channels are activated by pro-inflammatory mediators such as angiotensin II and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). We previously demonstrated that VRAC inhibition or LRRC8A knockdown reduced Nox1 activation and impaired the inflammatory response to TNFα in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that loss of LRRC8A would also modify the antioxidant status of VSMCs. Vascular smooth muscle-specific (Sm22alpha-Cre) LRRC8A KO mice were created. Primary VSMC cultures were prepared from aortae and mesenteric arteries from male mice. Western blotting of protein from WT and LRRC8A KO mesenteric artery VSMCs revealed significant upregulation of proteins that are known to be under the control of the Nrf-2 antioxidant response; heme oxygenase 1 (2.1 fold), thioredoxin 1 (1.8 fold), and superoxide dismutase 1 (1.3 fold) superoxide dismutase 3 (1.8 fold). There was no change in the abundance of catalase.To further explore the role of LRRC8A in intracellular signaling, LRRC8A was immunoprecipitated from cultured WT and LRRC8A KO VSMCs and proteins were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS). Reads were sorted for proteins identified in wild type but not in KO cells. This approach identified the Trim21 E3 ubiquitin ligase, a known regulator of the antioxidant response, as an LRRC8A-associated protein. Trim21 ubiquitinates and thereby promotes degradation of p62 (Sequestosome-1, SQSTM1). p62 sequesters Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), preventing it from promoting ubiquitination and destruction of Nrf-2 by the proteosome. Consistent with this, TRIM21 KO mice have an augmented antioxidant status and are protected from myocardial inflammation in response to doxorubicin or ligation of the left coronary artery. We considered the possibility that association of TRIM21 with LRRC8A (directly or indirectly) regulates its activity. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting confirmed association of LRRC8A with TRIM21. Pulldown of ubiquitinated proteins from WT and KO VSMCs failed to provide evidence that LRRC8A is ubiquitinated, however, p62 ubiquitination was markedly reduced in KO VSMCs. Thus, reduced p62 turnover in LRRC8A KO cells may enhance Keap1 sequestration and increase Nrf2 activity. The ability of LRRC8A knockdown to both impair the inflammatory response to TNFα and to enhance the antioxidant status of VSMCs identify this protein as an appealing target for the treatment of vascular inflammation. This work was supported by our both grant from NIDDK (1R01DK132948) and NIH (1 R01 HL160975-01A1). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has been shown to play an important role in inflammation. GPNMB levels are increased in association with pro-inflammatory conditions, such as lipopolysaccharide exposure. Further, GPNMB is increased in aged endothelial cells, and reduction of GPNMB in mice has been shown to reduce aging and increase lifespan. Thus, we sought to test the hypothesis that reduction in GPNMB would provide a protective phenotype to endothelial cells undergoing bacterial challenge. In order to test this, GPNMB was knocked down in either immortalized or primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) using siRNA. The cells were then treated with heat-killed Escherichia coli (HKEC, 3x108 cells/ml), one of the most common pathogens encountered in severe, systemic infections. With immortalized (i)HMVECs, siRNA-treated GPNMB knockdown produced cells appearing more compact and organized when exposed to HKEC as compared to siRNA controls. GPNMB knockdown iHMVECs also showed decreased IL-6 cytokine production after HKEC exposure (93.8 ± 8.1 pg/ml in siRNA controls versus 4.3 ± 0.03 pg/ml in siGPNMB, p < 0.005). Under similar conditions, primary (p)HMVECs exposure to siGPNMB showed no specific morphologic changes. Because GPNMB is also expressed by other cells, we also tested whether exogenous, secreted GPNMB from a non-endothelial source could impact HMVECs during infection. Interestingly, exogenous GPNMB exposure also significantly reduced pHMVEC IL-6 secretion (1372 ± 89 in control cells treated with HKEC versus 672 ± 36 in GPNMB treated cells followed by HKEC, p < 0.0001) during exposure to HKEC. Thus, our data suggests that endogenous GPNMB may be detrimental to endothelial cells depending on their age. Alternatively, exogenous GPNMB may offer protection to endothelial cells under certain conditions. Overall, the role of GPNMB in vascular health appears both age and source specific. Understanding the dynamic role of GPNMB may provide an opportunity to intervene in a GPNMB-specific manner to provide protection to endothelial cells during acute infectious challenge. Grant: R35 GM138191 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

In this study, a graphite electrode (GrE) modified with polyglutamic acid was used to determine chloramphenicol (CAP), a phenicol antibiotic, in a water environment using adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetry. The pGA modification process involved electropolymerization via cyclic voltammetry, resulting in a significantly enlarged electrochemical active area of the pGA/GrE interface (1.5 times greater than that of the unmodified GrE). The highest CAP signal was obtained on the electrode fabricated by scanning 50 cycles in the potential range of -1.2 V to +2.0 V. The CAP signal recorded on the pGA/GrE electrode was nine times higher than that on the GrE, which was due to the larger electrochemical active area of the pGA/GrE and its good adsorption capacity with CAP. Analysis conditions including the pH of electrolyte and accumulation time, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was built with two linear regions in the concentration ranges of 0.5-20 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.987) and 20-100 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.996), and the detection limit for CAP was 0.28 µmol L-1.

BackgroundIn vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), LRRC8A volume regulated anion channels (VRACs) are activated by inflammatory and pro-contractile stimuli including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), angiotensin II and stretch. LRRC8A physically associates with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and supports its production of extracellular superoxide (O2-•).Methods and ResultsMice lacking LRRC8A exclusively in VSMCs (Sm22α-Cre, KO) were used to assess the role of VRACs in TNFα signaling and vasomotor function. KO mesenteric vessels contracted normally to KCl and phenylephrine, but relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was enhanced compared to wild type (WT). 48 hours ofex vivoexposure to TNFα (10ng/ml) markedly impaired dilation to ACh and SNP in WT but not KO vessels. VRAC blockade (carbenoxolone, CBX, 100 μM, 20 min) enhanced dilation of control rings and restored impaired dilation following TNFα exposure. Myogenic tone was absent in KO rings. LRRC8A immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectroscopy identified 35 proteins that interacted with LRRC8A. Pathway analysis revealed actin cytoskeletal regulation as the most closely associated function of these proteins. Among these proteins, the Myosin Phosphatase Rho-Interacting protein (MPRIP) links RhoA, MYPT1 and actin. LRRC8A-MPRIP co-localization was confirmed by confocal imaging of tagged proteins, Proximity Ligation Assays, and IP/western blots which revealed LRRC8A binding at the second Pleckstrin Homology domain of MPRIP. siLRRC8A or CBX treatment decreased RhoA activity in cultured VSMCs, and MYPT1 phosphorylation at T853 was reduced in KO mesenteries suggesting that reduced ROCK activity contributes to enhanced relaxation. MPRIP was a target of redox modification, becoming oxidized (sulfenylated) after TNFα exposure.ConclusionsInteraction of Nox1/LRRC8A with MPRIP/RhoA/MYPT1/actin may allow redox regulation of the cytoskeleton and link Nox1 activation to both inflammation and vascular contractility.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has uncontrollable effects on many organs. A great number of previously published scientific reports have revealed that patients with diabetes mellitus face a more severe form of Covid-19 with a higher death rate. Here we present the case of a 13-year-old unvaccinated boy who was admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with a history of fever, cough, dyspnea, throat pain, nausea, and confusion that progressed to lethargy after 24 h. On clinical examination, he was in a coma with Kussmaul's breathing, and was anuric. His blood biochemical analysis demonstrated hyperglycemia, severe metabolic acidosis, kidney failure, electrolyte disturbances, and inflammation. Chest x-ray showed pneumonia and a pleural effusion. The results of the SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction were positive. The patient was diagnosed with Covid-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children secondary to his acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis. He was intubated for invasive mechanical ventilation and received a normal saline infusion and continuous insulin infusion (0.1 IU/kg/h) for the treatment of his diabetic ketoacidosis. He was also treated with methylprednisolone, aspirin, and heparin, and underwent continuous renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure for 9 days. The patient was discharged from ICU on day 16 and was followed up regularly as an outpatient with daily treatment, including subcutaneous insulin injection (30 IU/day) and a calcium channel blocker for hypertension (nifedipine 20 mg/day).

Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) are critical regulators of the masculinization process in male sexual development. The absence of a functioning AR results in the development of the androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a rare disorder of sexual development (DSD) characterized by the external genitalia feminization, gynecomastia, and impaired spermatogenesis.To determine the AR gene mutations associated with male DSD in four unrelated Vietnamese patients.To detect the disease-causing mutations, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on four patients diagnosed with AIS. Sanger sequencing was then used for validation of the identified mutations. Finally, 12 web-based tools, three-dimensional protein modeling software, and the guidelines issued by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics were used to assess the potential pathogenicity of these mutations.Four distinct novel mutations, namely c.1834T A (p.Cys612Ser), c.2122 C G (p.Leu708Val), c.2630T G (p.Phe877Cys), and c.2641 C A (p.Leu881Met) in the AR gene, were identified in four AIS patients using WES. The in silico analysis results revealed that the Cys612, Leu708, Phe877, and Leu881 sites are important for an appropriate response to androgens of the AR, and mutation at these sites can have adverse effects on the AR functions, androgen-AR interaction, and AR signaling pathway.WES and in silico analyses strongly suggested that four novel AR mutations are pathogenic and have led to the development of AIS in the four Vietnamese patients under consideration.

This study focused on water quality assessment of farmed shrimp ponds in Binh Dai District, Ben Tre Province. The goals of the study were to provide chemical parameters of pond water for farmers, to identify problems and causes in farmed shrimp related to water quality and disease, and to help managers find appropriatesolutions to minimize damage to local shrimp farming. Water samples were collected monthly from January to June 2021 from 90 vannamei farmers in six different areas, including Vang Quoi Dong, Dinh Trung Binh Thoi, Phu Long, Phu Vang, and Binh Thang of Binh Dai District. Parameters investigated in this study included pH,alkalinity, NH4+, NH3, NO2- and three other minerals. Water quality parameters were analyzed based on APHA standard analysis methods. The results showed that the water quality of shrimp farming areas in Binh Dai fluctuated from time to time, and water quality parameters were suitable for vannamei shrimp farming. However, the concentration of NO2- was always higher than the permitted threshold. The results fromcluster analysis and MANOVA testing showed that water quality of the shrimp farming areas in Binh Dai was significantly different (p < 0.05), especially NO2-, Ca, Mg and alkalinity. These findings suggest that farmers must apply proper solutions for water quality management in each farming area to maximize crop production.

Objective: Evaluation the hypoglycemic effect of Gydenphy capsules on Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic in Swiss mouse model. Methods: The type 1 diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injections of Streptozocin 150mg/kg in Swiss mouse. Then, the Gydenphy were orally administered daily at a dose of 576 mg/kg/day or 1152 mg/kg/day in 10 days. Blood glucose concentration in the Gydenphy oral groups with that of water control group and the intraperitoneal insulin injection group was compared. Results: Blood glucose concentration in the groups using Gydenphy (dose576 mg/kg/24h and dose 1152 mg/kg/24h) significal decreased compared to the distilled water group at (p

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an agent of gastric cancer that was classified as a group I carcinogen. cagA and vacA genes of H. pylori play important roles in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases. This research aimed to: (1) To determine the prevalence of cagA and vacA genotypes of H. pylori among patients with gastroduodenal diseases. (2) To investigate the association between cagA and vacA genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases. Patients and methods: One hundred and fifteen gastroduodenal disease patients infected with H. pylori were enrolled in this study. cagA and vacA genotypes were determined by PCR. Result: The rate of cagA-positive H. pylori strains was 80%. The most common genotype combinations were cagA (+)/ vacA s1m1i1 (39.1%) and cagA (+)/vacA s1m2i1 (25.2%). The cagA (+)/vacA s1m1i1 strain was predominant in peptic ulcer group (59.3%), whereas the cagA (+)/vacA s1m2i1 strain accounted for a high rate in gastric cancer group (75%). Conclusion: Prevalence of H. pylori strains carrying the cagA gene was quite high, and vacA smi genotypes were diverse. cagA (+)/vacA s1m1i1 strain was associated with peptic ulcer disease while cagA (+)/vacA s1m2i1 strain was associated with gastric cancer. Key words: Helicobacter pylori, gene cagA, gene vacA, gastroduodenal diseases.

Basal stem rot (BSR) is the most common disease of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Southeast Asia. BSR is caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense. The disease is difficult to manage. Therefore, development of novel and environmentally safe approaches to control the disease is important. Species of Burkholderia are known to have diverse lifestyles, some of which can be beneficial to plants either by suppressing diseases or enhancing plant growth. In the present study, antifungal peptides (AFPs) produced by a bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of an oil palm tree, namely Burkholderia sp. strain CP01, exhibited strong growth inhibition on G. boninense. A loss-of-function mutant of CP01 was generated, and it has enabled the identification of a 1.2 kDa peptide and its variants as the active antifungal compounds. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed six analogous compounds with monoisotopic masses similar to the previously reported cyclic lipopeptides occidiofungin and burkholdine. The antifungal compounds of CP01 were secreted into media and we sought to use CP01 culture extract without living cells to control BSR disease. Glasshouse experiments showed that CP01 culture extract suppressed BSR disease in oil palm seedlings. The ability of CP01 to produce an antifungal substance and suppress plant disease suggests its potential application as a biofungicide in agriculture.

DNA methylation on cytosine in the CpG dinucleotides is one of the most common epigenetic perturbations taking place during cancer initiation, progression, occurrence and resistance therapy. DNA methylation seems to be sufficiently stable epigenetic modification to be utilized as a cancer biomarker in in vitro diagnostic (IVD) settings. Nowadays, the SHOX2 methylation (mSHOX2) is one of the most valuable DNA methylation biomarkers of lung cancer that is the leading cause of cancer death. It is being continuously validated across ethnicities, lifestyles and lifespan. This study focused on characteristics of mSHOX2 in Vietnamese patients with lung cancer since a lack of investigation and evidence of its utility in this country.The probe and primer sets were designed according to the MethyLight method for quantitative assessment of the mSHOX2 in 214 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues and 57 plasma samples.mSHOX2 in FFPE tissues allowed discriminating benign and malignant lung diseases with 60% (95% CI 50.7-68.8%) sensitivity and 90.4% (95% CI 82.6-95.5%) specificity. Importantly, based on mSHOX2 in plasma, lung cancer could be detected with 83.3% (95% CI 65.3-94.4%) sensitivity and 92.6% (95% CI 75.7-99.1%) specificity, respectively. There were insignificant associations between mSHOX2 with age, cancer stage, EGFR mutation and serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 concentrations except for that gender.Our study indicated that mSHOX2 was satisfactory for distinguishing malignant from benign lung tissue and noninvasively detecting lung cancer.

The application of long-chained peptides (+30 aa) and relatively short proteins (

Cost is an important indicator in the system of economic indicators for business management, and at the same time, it also has a close relationship with revenue and production and business results. Therefore, production cost accounting has a very important role in saving production costs, reducing product costs, thereby increasing competitive advantages for enterprises. This study generalizes some theoretical basis issues on production cost accounting, discuss production cost accounting in some typical enterprises, assesses and proposes some recommendations for the implementation production cost accounting in manufacturing enterprises in Tuyen Quang province.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused of the deaths of millions of lives in the worldwide, and the number of deaths people continues to rise. Pfizer vaccine is being used widely for both adults and children in Vietnam. Therefore, we conducted a study: "The status adverse reactions after Pfizer vaccination of employees in Tan Trao University in 2021". After that, providing more evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination for vaccine manufacturers as well as citizen, proposing recommendations in COVID-19 prevention in Tan Trao University. The retrospective study, conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 through interviews 123 employees who injected Pfizer vaccine, selected the entire sample using a available questionnaire. Results: 79.7% dose 1, 78.9% dose 2 had adverse reactions after Pfizer vaccination. Gender had a statistically significant relationship with reactions after Pfizer vaccination in both dose 1 and dose 2.

The structures of cationic CrSin+ (n = 6–10) clusters were determined by complementary experimental and computation work. Some of the clusters were found to have pairs of enantiomeric isomers.

A green synthetic approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the stem extract of Piper chaudocanum for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg2+ with a low limit of detection of 23 nM and easy colorimetric read-out has been reported. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized AgNPs were examined using SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD and FT-IR analyses. The XRD and TEM results confirm the formation of AgNPs with an average particle size of 8–12 nm. The TLC, CC and HPLC revealed that four main compounds, pentacosanoic acid (1), piperine (2), β-sitosterol (3), and campesterol glucoside (4), isolated from P. chaudocanum extract act as reducing and stabilizing agents for AgNP formation, and piperine plays a vital role in green synthesis. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by ESI MS, FTIR, and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis. This approach is an efficient, green, cost-effective, eco-friendly and promising technique for synthesizing AgNPs with applications in the colorimetric detection of Hg2+ and antibacterial activity.

In 2015, the Vietnam’s Renewable Energy Development Strategy up to 2020 with an outlook to 2050 was approved. Renewable energy sources were developing to ensure energy security and addressing the growing power demand of the country. Increasing renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, wind and small hydro is the way to shift Vietnam to a sustainable energy future. The general picture on Vietnamese renewable energy practice and experience are presented in this paper. Also it offers suggestion the technical and political keys to minimize the barriers in renewable energy sector. It is the general review of available sources on Green technology for sustainable development: Practice and experience of renewable energy in Vietnam. In conclusion the study gives brief status of energy barriers, biomass, renewable energy, small-hydro power, solar power, and wind power of Vietnam

This paper investigates how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects the response of a firm’s investment to its peers’ stock prices. Using the news-based index developed by Baker et al. (2016), we find robust interaction effects of EPU and peers’ stock prices on firm investment for US listed firms over the period 1985–2018, indicating that firms’ investment decisions are heavily influenced by their peers’ stock prices during elevated EPU periods. This relationship holds for both short- and long-term EPUs and is more pronounced for the latter compared to the former and among firms that either operate in highly competitive environments or are more financially constrained. Furthermore, peers’ stock prices appear to be more informative to followers than leaders. Taken together, our findings extend the literature on how firm-level investment varies with EPU and peer valuation.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders are relatively common disturbances in the world and Vietnam. The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders suggested by Schiffman in 2014 is a frequently used diagnostic system to classify temporomandibular disorders into subtypes, toward therapeutics purposes. Objectives: (1) To investigate clinical features of temporomandibular disorders in adult patients. (2) To classify temporomandibular disorders using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders of Schiffman. Materials and method: Cross-sectional study in 50 adult patients with temporomandibular disorders who visited Dental Clinic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from May 2020 to May 2021. Patients were clinically examined by a calibrated doctor, using Symptoms Questionnaires and Examination Form which are the main tools of The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder. Results: The popular age group was 18-44 years old (94%). The female/male ratio was 2.8/1. Patients mostly came to the hospital due to pain (70%). Myalgia accounts for the highest proportion (70%) of all subtypes. The most common intra-articular joint disorder subtype was disc displacement with reduction (68%). Conclusions: Temporomandibular disorders were common in young, women adults; the chief complaint of patients was pain. Myalgia and disc displacement with reduction were two frequent TMD subtypes. Key words: temporomandibular disorders, intra-articular disorders, Diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, disc displacement.

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a high-level semantic task in Natural Language Processing - NLP, and it extends further challenges if it is in the cross-lingual scenario. In recent years, pre-trained multilingual language models (e.g., mBERT ,XLM-R, InfoXLM) have greatly contributed to the success of dealing with these challenges. Based on the motivation behind these achievements, this paper describes our approach based on fine-tuning pretrained multilingual language models (XLM-R, InfoXLM) to tackle the shared task ``Vietnamese and English\-Vietnamese Textual Entailment'' at the 8th International Workshop on Vietnamese Language and Speech Processing (VLSP 2021\footnote{https://vlsp.org.vn/vlsp2021}). We investigate other techniques to improve the performance of our work: Cross-validation, Pseudo-labeling (PL), Learning rate adjustment, and Postagging. All experimental results demonstrated that our approach based on the InfoXLM model achieved competitive results, ranking 2nd for the task evaluation in VLSP 2021 with 0.89 in terms of F1-score on the private test set.

Post-marketing data on coronavirus vaccines are limited. This study evaluated adverse reactions reported to a statewide hotline after the administration of a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.We collected reports between 1 December 2020 through 30 August 2021 of any individual 12 years of age and older who received an FDA EUA-approved vaccine and experienced an adverse reaction. For each case, we collected vaccine brand, demographics, adverse reaction type, severity, onset of reaction, duration, and outcome. Relative risk analyses were conducted to investigate factors associated with vaccine adverse reactions.638 adverse drug reaction cases were recorded. The majority identified as female (70.8%) and the median age was 56. Implicated brands were Pfizer BNT162b2 (46.6%), Moderna mRNA-1273 (43.41%), and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S (8.78%). Although the lowest number of cases was with Janssen, this vaccine had the highest incident rate based on reactions per 100,000 doses. Adverse reactions with the highest incidence were systemic reactions (92.7%), injection-site reactions (8.5%), and local non-injection-site reactions (10.4%), with most judged as minor severity. Relative risk was higher for Moderna compared to Pfizer for injection-site non-severe (RR 2.01) and injection-site severe (RR 1.94) reactions. Janssen had a higher risk of headache, dyspnea, and vision changes compared to Pfizer, and a higher risk of headache compared to Moderna. The relative risk for fever, chills, and lymphadenopathy was higher for the second dose than the first dose for all patients.This observational study analyzing adverse drug reactions of the COVID-19 vaccine found that most complaints concerned systemic reactions. We found reaction differences among vaccine brands, between first and second doses for some effects, and selected recurrent events. Poison control centers are uniquely positioned to conduct post-marketing surveillance for the new vaccines as they are available 24/7 to the public and are healthcare providers. Further post-marketing studies are essential to provide a holistic safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.

Rice husk is one of the most abundant biomass resources in the world, yet it is not effectively used. This study focuses on the sustainably rice-husk-extracted lignin, nano-lignin (n-Lignin), lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LCSN), n-Lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (n-LCSN), and lignin-capped silica-silver nanoparticles (LCSSN), and using them for antibacterial activities. The final n-Lignin-based products had a sphere-like structure, of which the size varied between 50 and 80 nm. We found that while n-Lignin and lignin were less effective against Escherichia coli than against Staphylococcus aureus, n-Lignin/lignin-based hybrid materials, i.e., n-LCSN, LCSN, and LCSSN, were better against E. coli than against S. aureus. Interestingly, the antimicrobial behaviors of n-LCSNs could be further improved by decreasing the size of n-Lignin. Considering the facile, sustainable, and eco-friendly method that we have developed here, it is promising to use n-Lignin/lignin-based materials as highly efficient antimicrobials without environmental concerns.

This study investigates the situation of applying the experiment-based teaching in General Chemistry and Non-Metallic Chemistry at High schools. The frequency, experimental types (hand-on; modeling; etc.), learning methods (project-based; inquiry-based learning; etc.), and the difficulties and obstacles when they use hand-on experiments were taken into account. The results of a survey with 150 chemistry teachers in 112 high schools in 19 Northern provinces show the facts that the hands-on experiments in teaching chemistry were rarely used and some main reasons were indicated. Based on analyzing the survey results as well as surveyors’ proposals and desires, the solutions based on using experiment kits, fun experiments, experiments using household ingredients were introduced to increase the level and effectiveness of using hand-on experiments.

In Hanoi, many roads are congested during rush hour. When going through congested roads, the movement of vehicles is very slow. As a result, traveling over a short and congested road may take more time than traveling over a longer and uncongested road. Therefore, in this paper, we study the problem of finding optimal bus routes that take less time, considering the traffic jams. We extend Dijkstra's algorithm to compute waiting time at bus stations and traveling time of buses. The experimental results show that our algorithm is suitable.