187 results on '"Nina Hutri-Kähönen"'
Search Results
2. Lipoprotein(a) in Youth and Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood
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Olli Raitakari, Noora Kartiosuo, Katja Pahkala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Lydia A. Bazzano, Wei Chen, Elaine M. Urbina, David R. Jacobs, Alan Sinaiko, Julia Steinberger, Trudy Burns, Stephen R. Daniels, Alison Venn, Jessica G. Woo, Terry Dwyer, Markus Juonala, and Jorma Viikari
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Physiology (medical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease outcomes with unknown mechanisms. We examined its potential role in identifying youths who are at increased risk of developing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: Lp(a) levels measured in youth 9 to 24 years of age were linked to adult ASCVD and carotid intima-media thickness in the YFS (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study), in which 95 of the original 3596 participants (2.7%) recruited as children have been diagnosed with ASCVD at a median of 47 years of age. Results observed in YFS were replicated with the use of data for White participants from the BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study). In BHS, 587 White individuals had data on youth Lp(a) (measured at 8–17 years of age) and information on adult events, including 15 cases and 572 noncases. Analyses were performed with the use of Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: In YFS, those who had been exposed to high Lp(a) level in youth [defined as Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL] had ≈2 times greater risk of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals (hazard ratio, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.4–2.6]). Youth risk factors, including Lp(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking, were all independently associated with higher risk. In BHS, in an age- and sex-adjusted model, White individuals who had been exposed to high Lp(a) had 2.5 times greater risk (95% CI, 0.9–6.8) of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals. When also adjusted for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index, the risk associated with high Lp(a) remained unchanged (hazard ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.8–7.3]). In a multivariable model for pooled data, individuals exposed to high Lp(a) had 2.0 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.0–3.7) of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals. No association was detected between youth Lp(a) and adult carotid artery thickness in either cohort or pooled data. Conclusions: Elevated Lp(a) level identified in youth is a risk factor for adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes but not for increased carotid intima-media thickness.
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- 2023
3. The associations of childhood psychosocial factors with cognitive function in midlife—The young finns study
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Amanda Nurmi, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Pia Salo, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Eero Jokinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Tomi P. Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, and Suvi P. Rovio
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Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology - Abstract
An adverse psychosocial environment in childhood may harm cognitive development, but the associations for adulthood cognitive function remain obscure. We tested the hypothesis that adverse childhood psychosocial factors associate with poor cognitive function in midlife by leveraging the prospective data from the Young Finns Study.At the age of 3-18 years, the participants' psychosocial factors (socioeconomic and emotional environment, parental health behaviors, stressful events, child's self-regulatory behavior, and social adjustment) were collected. In addition to the separate psychosocial factors, a score indicating their clustering was created. Cognitive function was measured at the age of 34-49 years with a computerized test addressing learning and memory (We observed an inverse association between the accumulation of unfavorable childhood psychosocial factors and poorer learning and memory in midlife (age, sex, education, adulthood smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity adjusted β = -0.032,The findings suggest an association of childhood psychosocial factors with midlife learning ability and memory. If these links are causal, the results highlight the importance of a child's self-regulation and social adjustment as plausible determinants for adulthood cognitive health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2023
4. Organized Youth Sports Trajectories and Adult Health Outcomes: The Young Finns Study
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Xiaolin Yang, Tuomas Kukko, Irinja Lounassalo, Janne Kulmala, Harto Hakonen, Suvi P. Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Mirja Hirvensalo, Sanna H. Palomäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Tuija H. Tammelin, and Kasper Salin
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Youth Sports ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Female ,Obesity ,Sedentary Behavior ,Finland ,Sports - Abstract
This study identified the trajectories of organized youth sports over 9 years in youths aged 9-18 years and examined whether the trajectories predicted physical activity, sedentary behavior, and obesity in midlife.Self-reported organized youth sports trajectories were identified for participants between 1980 and 1989 (N=3,474). Accelerometer-derived physical activity was quantified for participants (n=1,349) in 2018-2020. Sociodemographic, physical activity, and TV viewing data were collected through questionnaires either at baselines or follow-up. Adult BMI was calculated to clarify obesity. Associations of organized youth sports trajectories with adult physical activity, sedentary behavior, and obesity were evaluated using mixture models, which were stratified by sex and conducted in 2022.Three organized youth sports trajectories were identified for boys and girls (sustained high-sports participation, 12.0%/7.5%; sustained moderate-sports participation, 14.0%/13.3%; and low-sports/nonparticipation, 74.0%/79.2%). Boys sustaining both moderate- and high-sports participation had higher levels of adult self-reported physical activity (β=0.59, p=0.007; β=0.69, p0.001) than low-sports/nonparticipating boys. Girls sustaining both moderate- and high-sports participation accumulated more total physical activity (β=113.4, p=0.009; β=144.3, p=0.002), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β=7.86, p=0.016; β=14.01, p0.001), step counts (β=1,020, p=0.003; β=1,045, p=0.005), and self-reported physical activity (β=0.79, p0001; β=0.63, p=0.003) in midlife than their low-sports/nonparticipating counterparts. Girls sustaining moderate-sports participation accumulated more light-intensity physical activity (β=19.79, p=0.012) and less sedentary time (β= -27.65, p=0.002), and those sustaining high-sports participation had lower obesity prevalence (OR=0.41, p=0.009) 40 years later than low-sports/nonparticipating girls.Sustained participation in organized youth sports is independently predictive of physical activity patterns, sedentary time, and obesity in midlife, especially in girls, thus contributing to the development of a healthy and active lifestyle across the life course.
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- 2022
5. Childhood Dyslipidemia and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Juhani S. Koskinen, Ville Kytö, Markus Juonala, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Jaakko Nevalainen, Mika Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri‐Kähönen, Tomi P. Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Eero Jokinen, Costan G. Magnussen, Olli T. Raitakari, Tampere University, Health Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Clinical Chemistry
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3141 Health care science ,3121 Internal medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long‐term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective follow‐up of children that began in 1980. Since then, follow‐up studies have been conducted regularly. In 2001 and 2007, carotid ultrasounds were performed on 2643 participants at the mean age of 36 years to identify carotid plaques and plaque areas. For childhood lipids, we exploited several risk factor measurements to determine the individual cumulative burden for each lipid during childhood. Participants were categorized into the following 4 groups based on their childhood and adult dyslipidemia status: no dyslipidemia (reference), incident, resolved, and persistent. Among individuals with carotid plaque, linear regression models were used to study the association of serum lipids with plaque area. The prevalence of plaque was 3.3% (N=88). In models adjusted for age, sex, and nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risk for carotid plaque was 2.34 (95% CI, 0.91–6.00) for incident adult dyslipidemia, 3.00 (95% CI, 1.42–6.34) for dyslipidemia resolved by adulthood, and 5.23 (95% CI, 2.57–10.66) for persistent dyslipidemia. Carotid plaque area correlated with childhood total, low‐density lipoprotein, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusions Childhood dyslipidemia, even if resolved by adulthood, is a risk factor for adult carotid plaque. Furthermore, among individuals with carotid plaque, childhood lipids associate with plaque size. These findings highlight the importance of primordial prevention of dyslipidemia in childhood to reduce atherosclerosis development.
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- 2023
6. Economic burden of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour in Finland
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Päivi Kolu, Jaana T Kari, Jani Raitanen, Harri Sievänen, Kari Tokola, Eino Havas, Jaakko Pehkonen, Tuija H Tammelin, Katja Pahkala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli T Raitakari, Tommi Vasankari, Tampere University, Health Sciences, BioMediTech, and Clinical Medicine
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kuolleisuus ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Financial Stress ,liikunta ,terveystaloustiede ,sairauspoissaolot ,istuminen ,taloudelliset vaikutukset ,Cost of Illness ,tartuntataudit ,terveysvaikutukset ,Humans ,Exercise ,Finland ,health care economics and organizations ,Aged ,sairastavuus ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,liikkumattomuus ,Health Care Costs ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,kustannukset ,työkyvyttömyyseläkkeet ,Sedentary Behavior ,fyysinen aktiivisuus ,työkyvyttömyys - Abstract
BackgroundLow physical activity and high sedentary behaviour are unquestionably relevant for public health while also increasing direct and indirect costs.MethodsThe authors examined the direct and indirect costs attributable to low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour in Finland in 2017. Costs related to major non-communicable diseases drawn from Finnish registries covered direct costs (outpatient visits, days of inpatient care, medication and institutional eldercare) and indirect costs (sickness-related absences, disability pensions, unemployment benefits, all-cause mortality and losses of income tax revenue). Prevalences of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour (≥8 hours per 16 waking hours) were based on self-reports among adolescents or accelerometer data among adults and the elderly from three Finnish population studies: FINFIT 2017, Health 2011 and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Cost calculations used adjusted population attributable fractions (PAF) and regression models. Total annual costs were obtained by multiplying PAF by the total costs of the given disease.ResultsThe total costs of low physical activity in Finland in 2017 came to approximately €3.2 billion, of which direct costs accounted for €683 million and indirect ones for €2.5 billion. Costs attributable to high sedentary behaviour totalled roughly €1.5 billion.ConclusionThe findings suggest that low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour levels create substantial societal costs. Therefore, actions intended to increase physical activity and reduce excessive sedentary behaviour throughout life may yield not only better health but also considerable savings to society.
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- 2022
7. Dietary patterns from youth to adulthood with cognitive function in midlife: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Jing Chen, Feitong Wu, Costan G. Magnussen, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Juuso O. Hakala, Satu Männistö, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, and Suvi P. Rovio
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2023
8. Associations of Serum Fatty Acid Proportions with Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Blood Pressure, and Fatty Liver: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Antti Jula, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Jari Kaikkonen, Jorma S. A. Viikari, and Terho Lehtimäki
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Linoleic acid ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Palmitic acid ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Fatty Acids ,Fatty liver ,Fatty acid ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Fatty Liver ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,Population study ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
BACKGROUND The links between fatty acids (FAs) and cardiometabolic outcomes are topics of debate. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the associations between serum standardized FA percentages and cardiometabolic outcomes. METHODS We used cross-sectional (n = 2187-2200 subjects, age 24-39 y, women 54%) and 10-year prospective data (n = 975-1414 subjects) from the Young Finns Study. Outcomes included prevalent and incident obesity, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index in the upper quintile), elevated blood pressure (BP; taking medication, or diastolic or systolic BP in the upper quintile), and incident nonalcoholic fatty liver. Logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs per SD increase in fatty acids (FAs). The models were adjusted for age and sex, and additionally for other potential confounders. RESULTS Several cross-sectional findings were also statistically significant in prospective models (Bonferroni corrected P
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- 2021
9. Author response for 'Does social intolerance vary according to cognitive styles, genetic cognitive capacity, or education?'
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null Aino Saarinen, null Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen, null Henrik Dobewall, null C. Robert Cloninger, null Ari Ahola‐Olli, null Terho Lehtimäki, null Nina Hutri‐Kähönen, null Olli Raitakari, null Suvi Rovio, and null Niklas Ravaja
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- 2022
10. Fatty liver index and left ventricular mass: prospective associations from two independent cohorts
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Yoriko Heianza, Hao Ma, Lu Qi, Vivian Fonseca, Xiang Li, Jarkko S. Heiskanen, Lydia A. Bazzano, Olli T. Raitakari, Saku Ruohonen, Emily W. Harville, Yajun Guo, Hua He, Tanika N. Kelly, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, and Wei Chen
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart disease ,Physiology ,Body height ,Heart Ventricles ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,Left ventricular mass ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Subclinical infection ,business.industry ,Fatty liver ,medicine.disease ,Fatty Liver ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Echocardiography ,Cardiology ,Female ,Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart disease is the most common cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Emerging data have shown that NAFLD may affect subclinical myocardial remodeling, mainly left ventricular hypertrophy; however, evidence from the prospective studies is still lacking. METHODS Prospective analyses were performed to investigate the association of fatty liver index (FLI) with left ventricular mass (LVM) among 1962 participants from the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS, 1995-2010) and 1547 participants from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS, 2001-2011) free of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at baseline. LVM was assessed by two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography and indexed (LVMI) to body height (m2.7). Multivariable regression models were applied after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. RESULTS In both cohorts, we observed significant and positive associations between FLI and LVM (BHS: β=0.59, P
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- 2021
11. Childhood physical activity as a labor market investment
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Tuija Tammelin, Jaakko Pehkonen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, and Jaana T. Kari
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Adult ,Employment ,Index (economics) ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Child Development ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Registries ,Child ,Exercise ,Finland ,media_common ,Regression analysis ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Unemployment ,8. Economic growth ,Regression Analysis ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
This study examined the role of physical activity and changes in physical activity levels during childhood in long-term labor market outcomes. To address this important but under-researched theme, the study utilized data drawn from longitudinal research, the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS), and from registries compiled by Statistics Finland. The study consisted of children aged 9 (n = 1565) and 15 (n = 2445) at the time their physical activity was measured. Labor market outcomes, including employment status, average employment months, and average unemployment months, were calculated from 1997 to 2010, when the participants were aged 20 to 48 years. Regression models were used to assess the relationship between physical activity and labor market outcomes. The results show that the consequences of childhood physical activity may be far-reaching, as higher childhood physical activity was positively related to the probability of being employed and employment months and was negatively related to unemployment months. On average, a one-unit increase in physical activity index was related to a 1% higher probability of being employed, 0.10 more months of yearly employment, and 0.05 fewer months of yearly unemployment. The results also imply that persistently active individuals had the highest level of employment and the lowest level of unemployment compared with other activity groups. In conclusion, investments in childhood physical activity may not only promote health and well-being but may also correlate with better labor market outcomes later in life, providing both personal and societal benefits.
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- 2020
12. Childhood BMI and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Predict Adult Type 2 Diabetes: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium
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Stephen R. Daniels, Elaine M. Urbina, Trudy L. Burns, David R. Jacobs, Jessica G. Woo, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terry Dwyer, Tian Hu, Markus Juonala, Kari Murdy, Lydia A. Bazzano, Alison Venn, Alan R. Sinaiko, Ronald J. Prineas, Julia Steinberger, and Olli T. Raitakari
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Research design ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,Percentile ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Body Mass Index ,Fasting glucose ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Normal range ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,business.industry ,Incidence ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fasting ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Female ,Self Report ,Adult type ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine childhood BMI, fasting glucose, and insulin in relation to incident adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. Data included childhood (age 3–19 years) measurements obtained during the 1970s–1990s; a health questionnaire, including self-report of adult T2DM (occurrence age, medication use) obtained at mean age 40 years; and a medical diagnosis registry (Finland). RESULTS The sample included 6,738 participants. Of these, 436 (6.5%) reported onset of T2DM between ages 20 and 59 (mean 40.8) years, and 86% of them reported use of a confirmed antidiabetic medication. BMI and glucose (age and sex standardized) were associated with incident T2DM after adjustment for cohort, country, sex, race, age, and calendar year of measurement. Increasing levels of childhood BMI and glucose were related to an incrementally increased risk of T2DM beginning at age 30 years, beginning at cut points CONCLUSIONS Childhood BMI and glucose are predictors of adult T2DM at levels previously considered to be within the normal range. These easy-to-apply measurements are appealing from a clinical perspective. Fasting insulin has the potential to be an additional predictor.
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- 2020
13. Systemic vascular resistance predicts the development of hypertension: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study
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Heikki Aatola, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Atte Haarala, Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Kalle Sipilä, Teemu Koivistoinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Markus Juonala, Emilia Kähönen, and Nina Hutri-Kähönen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hemodynamics ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Systemic hemodynamics ,Hypertension ,Vascular resistance ,Cardiology ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
To study whether systemic hemodynamics, especially systemic vascular resistance, predicts the development of hypertension and improves the risk prediction of incident hypertension beyond common risk factors in the risk models in young adults.Typical risk factors for hypertension in the risk prediction models (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, parental history of hypertension, age, sex, body-mass index, smoking), laboratory values (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) calculated by whole-body impedance cardiography were evaluated in 2007 and blood pressure in 2011 in 1293 Finnish adults (aged 30-45 years; females 56%;Of hemodynamic variables, SVRI and HR evaluated in 2007 were independently associated with systolic blood pressure (These findings suggest that systemic vascular resistance index predicts the incidence of hypertension in young adults and that the evaluation of systemic hemodynamics could provide an additional tool for hypertension risk prediction.
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- 2020
14. Pulse wave velocity is related to exercise blood pressure response in young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Mika Kähönen, Kalle Sipilä, Teemu Koivistoinen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Emilia Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Janne Hulkkonen, Kristiina Pälve, Antti Tikkakoski, Olli T. Raitakari, Atte Haarala, and Heikki Aatola
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Blood Pressure ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vascular Stiffness ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Pulse wave velocity ,Finland ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Exercise Test ,Cardiology ,Arterial stiffness ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Purpose: High pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of increased arterial stiffness, and an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP) response during an exercise test have both been related to an in...
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- 2020
15. Childhood Exposure to Parental Smoking and Midlife Cognitive Function
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Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Leena Taittonen, Päivi Tossavainen, Pia Salo, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Niina Pitkänen, Olli T. Raitakari, Markus Juonala, Costan G. Magnussen, Jukka Pihlman, Viikari Jsa, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Suvi P. Rovio, Ari Ahola-Olli, and Katja Pahkala
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Adult ,Male ,Parents ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Blood Pressure ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Cotinine ,Finland ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,Cholesterol ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
We studied whether exposure to parental smoking in childhood/adolescence is associated with midlife cognitive function, leveraging data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. A population-based cohort of 3,596 children/adolescents aged 3–18 years was followed between 1980 and 2011. In 2011, cognitive testing was performed on 2,026 participants aged 34–49 years using computerized testing. Measures of secondhand smoke exposure in childhood/adolescence consisted of parental self-reports of smoking and participants’ serum cotinine levels. Participants were classified into 3 exposure groups: 1) no exposure (nonsmoking parents, cotinine
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- 2020
16. Childhood risk factors and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Päivi Tossavainen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Costan G. Magnussen, Olli T. Raitakari, Jaakko Nevalainen, Ville Kytö, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Juhani S. Koskinen, Children's Hospital, Lastentautien yksikkö, and HUS Children and Adolescents
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Carotid Artery Diseases ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Blood Pressure ,CHILDREN ,PROGRESSION ,DETERMINANTS ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Area under the curve - Childhood risk factor long-term burden ,Family history ,Child ,Finland ,Ultrasonography ,Area under the curve – Childhood risk factor long-term burden ,Incidence ,Area under the curve ,ASSOCIATION ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,Carotid atherosclerotic plaque ,PREVALENCE ,3. Good health ,Carotid Arteries ,Cardiovascular risk factor cut-offs ,DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Disease Progression ,Female ,ADIPOSITY ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,CORONARY-ARTERY CALCIFICATION ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cardiovascular risk factors ,Lumen (anatomy) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Childhood cardiovascular risk factors ,business.industry ,Guideline ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Coronary heart disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Relative risk ,COHORT PROFILE ,business ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
Background and aims Carotid plaque is a specific sign of atherosclerosis and adults with carotid plaque are at increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis has roots in childhood and pediatric guidelines provide cut-off values for cardiovascular risk factors. However, it is unknown whether these cut-offs predict adulthood advanced atherosclerosis. Methods The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a follow-up of children that begun in 1980 when 2653 participants with data for the present analyses were aged 3–18 years. In 2001 and 2007 follow-ups, in addition to adulthood cardiovascular risk factors, carotid ultrasound data was collected. Long-term burden, as the area under the curve, was evaluated for childhood (6–18 years) risk factors. To study the associations of guideline-based cut-offs with carotid plaque, both childhood and adult risk factors were classified according to clinical practice guidelines. Results Carotid plaque, defined as a focal structure of the arterial wall protruding into lumen >50% compared to adjacent intima-media thickness, was present in 88 (3.3%) participants. Relative risk for carotid plaque, when adjusted for age and sex, was 3.03 (95% CI, 1.76–5.21) for childhood dyslipidemia, 1.51 (95% CI, 0.99–2.32) for childhood elevated systolic blood pressure, and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.26–2.94) for childhood smoking. Childhood dyslipidemia and smoking remained independent predictors of carotid plaque in models additionally adjusted for adult risk factors and family history of coronary heart disease. Carotid plaque was present in less than 1% of adults with no childhood risk factors. Conclusions Findings reinforce childhood prevention efforts and demonstrate the utility of guideline-based cut-offs in identifying children at increased risk for adulthood atherosclerosis.
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- 2020
17. Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Risk of Fatty Liver in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Eero Jokinen, Markus Juonala, Jorma Viikari, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Joel Nuotio, Päivi Tossavainen, Tomi T. Laitinen, Jussi Vahtera, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kivimäki, Jaana Pentti, Olli T. Raitakari, Katja Pahkala, and Costan G. Magnussen
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adolescent ,Population ,Autoimmune hepatitis ,Risk Assessment ,Vulnerable Populations ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,education ,Finland ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Fatty liver ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Fatty Liver ,Low birth weight ,030104 developmental biology ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Relative risk ,Population study ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.symptom ,Risk assessment ,business ,Body mass index ,Follow-Up Studies ,Demography - Abstract
Fatty liver is a preventable cause of liver failure, but early risk factors for adulthood fatty liver are poorly understood. We examined the association of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage with adulthood fatty liver and tested adulthood risk factors of fatty liver as possible mediators of this link. The study population comprised 2,042 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Follow-up with repeated clinical examinations was 31 years. Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was assessed using data from parents' socioeconomic position and socioeconomic circumstances in participants' residential neighborhoods, categorized as high versus low socioeconomic disadvantage. Fatty liver was determined by ultrasound during the last follow-up (2011) at ages 34-49 years. Childhood and adulthood risk factors, including metabolic biomarkers and lifestyle variables, were assessed in clinical examinations. A total of 18.9% of the participants had fatty liver in adulthood. High childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with an increased risk of fatty liver (risk ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.42 [1.18-1.70]; P = 0.0002). This association was robust to adjustment for age, sex, and childhood risk factors of fatty liver, including high body mass index, elevated insulin, and low birth weight (1.33 [1.09-1.62]; P = 0.005). High childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was also associated with the development of risk factors of fatty liver in adulthood. Adulthood risk factors linking childhood socioeconomic disadvantage with fatty liver included waist circumference (proportion mediated of the total effect of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, 45%), body mass index (40%), systolic blood pressure (29%), insulin (20%), physical activity (15%), triglycerides (14%), and red meat consumption (7%). Conclusion: Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with multiple risk factors of fatty liver and increased likelihood of fatty liver in adulthood.
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- 2019
18. Risk Factor Profile in Youth, Genetic Risk, and Adulthood Cognitive Function: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Feitong Wu, Ari Ahola-Olli, Katja Pahkala, Juuso O. Hakala, Markus Juonala, Pia Salo, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Tomi Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen, Eero Jokinen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Costan G. Magnussen, Olli T. Raitakari, and Suvi P. Rovio
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Cohort ,CANTAB ,Middle Aged ,Childhood factors ,Cognition ,Polygenic risk score ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Risk Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Cognitive function ,Neurology (clinical) ,Child ,Finland - Abstract
Introduction: The role of risk factor profile in childhood and adolescence on adulthood cognitive function and whether it differs by genetic risk is still obscure. To bring this evidence, we determined cognitive domain-specific youth risk factor profiles leveraging the childhood/adolescence data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and examined whether genetic propensity for poor cognitive function modifies the association between the risk profiles and adulthood cognitive function. Methods: From 1980, a population-based cohort of 3,596 children (age 3–18 years) has been repeatedly followed up for 31 years. Computerized cognitive test measuring (1) memory and learning, (2) short-term working memory, (3) reaction time, and (4) information processing was performed for 2,026 participants (age 34–49 years). Cognitive domain-specific youth risk profile scores, including physical and environmental factors, were assessed from the data collected at baseline and categorized into favourable, intermediate, and unfavourable. A polygenic risk score for a poor cognitive function was categorized into low, intermediate, and high risk. Results: At all genetic risk levels, a favourable youth risk factor profile is associated with better learning and memory, short-term working memory, and information processing compared to unfavourable risk profile (e.g., β = 0.501 SD, 95% CI: 0.043–0.959 for memory and learning among participants with high genetic risk). However, no significant interactions were observed between the youth risk factor profile score and genetic propensity for any cognitive domain (p > 0.299 for all). Conclusion: A favourable youth risk factor profile may be beneficial for cognitive function in adulthood, irrespective of genetic propensity for poor cognitive function.
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- 2021
19. Longitudinal associations between parental and offspring's leisure-time physical activity: The Young Finns Study
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Katja Pahkala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Tuija Tammelin, Tuomas Kukko, Xiaolin Yang, Olli T. Raitakari, Mirja Hirvensalo, Stuart J. H. Biddle, and Suvi P. Rovio
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Adult ,Male ,Parents ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Latent growth modeling ,Offspring ,Leisure time ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Life stage ,Body Mass Index ,Leisure Activities ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Female ,business ,human activities ,Body mass index ,Exercise ,Finland ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose The longitudinal influence of parental leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on their offspring's LTPA is poorly understood. This study examined the longitudinal associations between parental LTPA and offspring's LTPA at two-time intervals. Method Child (offspring) participants (N=3596) were enrolled from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 1980. Their LTPA was self-rated through nine phases from baseline to 2018 and categorized by year into youth (1980-1986) and adult (1992-2018) LTPA. Parental LTPA was assessed with a single self-reported question at three phases from 1980 to 1986. Latent growth curve modeling stratified by gender was fitted to estimate the potential pathways between parental LTPA and offspring's youth and adult LTPA. Results Higher initial levels of paternal and maternal LTPA were independently associated with greater initial levels of youth and adult LTPA of offspring in both genders respectively, except maternal LTPA that did not associate with male offspring's adult LTPA. The initial levels of paternal LTPA were directly related to changes in male offspring's youth LTPA after adjusting for age, residential place, paternal education and occupation, having siblings, and offspring's body mass index. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the initial levels of parental LTPA are directly linked to the initial levels of offspring's LTPA during youth and adulthood, while changes in parental LTPA are unrelated to changes in offspring's youth and adult LTPA for either gender over time. These results imply that higher initial levels of LTPA in parents may serve as a predictor of offspring's LTPA across life stages.
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- 2021
20. Within-visit SBP variability from childhood to adulthood and markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage in mid-life
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Katja Pahkala, Olli T. Raitakari, Markus Juonala, Costan G. Magnussen, Yaxing Meng, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Jorma Viikari, Mika Kähönen, James E. Sharman, Feitong Wu, and Tomi Laitinen
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,End organ damage ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,Sitting ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical significance ,cardiovascular diseases ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Pulse wave velocity ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Carotid Arteries ,Coronary artery calcification ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Background: Within-visit SBP variability is associated with age and SBP, but its long-term clinical significance is unknown. We examined the association between child, adult, and life-time within-visit SBP variability with markers of end-organ damage using data from a 31-year longitudinal study. Methods: Within-visit SBP variability was calculated as the standard deviation of three sitting SBP readings among up to 3010 participants aged 6–18 years (childhood) who were re-measured up to seven times to mid-adulthood. Markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage in adulthood were carotid intima--media thickness, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, carotid distensibility, pulse wave velocity, left ventricular mass index, carotid plaque, and coronary artery calcification. Results: The mean (standard deviation) cumulative within-visit SBP variability was 2.7 (1.5) mmHg in childhood, 3.9 (1.9) mmHg in adulthood and 3.7 (1.5) mmHg across the observed life-time. Childhood within-visit SBP variability was not correlated with its subsequent values measured from 3 to 31 years later. With adjustment for age, sex, cumulative SBP, BMI and serum lipids, neither child, adult, or life-time cumulative within-visit SBP variability associated with markers of cardiovascular end-organ damage. However, higher child, adult, and life-time cumulative SBP significantly associated with higher carotid intima--media thickness, higher pulse wave velocity, lower brachial flow-mediated dilatation, lower carotid distensibility in adulthood. Conclusion: Within-visit SBP variability from childhood to adulthood does not provide additional predictive utility over SBP over the same period of the life course.
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- 2021
21. Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
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Jukka Pihlman, Joel Nuotio, Suvi Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Saku Ruohonen, Eero Jokinen, Tomi P. Laitinen, David P. Burgner, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Päivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen, Mika Kähönen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Costan G. Magnussen, and Markus Juonala
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background and aims: The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood. Methods: 1250 participants (56.5% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data on parental smoking and/or serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, at baseline 1980 (age 3–18 years) and echocardiography performed in 2011. Parental smoking hygiene (i.e., smoking in the vicinity of children) was categorized by parental smoking and serum cotinine levels in offspring. Dimensions of the left ventricle, diastolic and systolic function, and cardiac remodeling were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and covariates (blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking (only in adulthood)) in childhood and adulthood. Results: Parental smoking was not associated with systolic or diastolic function in adulthood. Participants exposed to parental smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95%CI 1.23–2.92), hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.12–2.71), and non-hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.02–3.45) had higher odds of concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >85th sex-specific percentile without left ventricular hypertrophy). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for child and adult covariates in the non-hygienic parental smoking group. Conclusions: Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of concentric remodeling and thicker left ventricular and interventricular septal walls in midlife, which was not improved by parents who smoked hygienically. Parental smoking was not related to systolic or diastolic function in this relatively young population.
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- 2022
22. Mitochondrial genome-wide analysis of nuclear DNA methylation quantitative trait loci
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Jaakko Laaksonen, Pashupati P Mishra, Ilkka Seppälä, Emma Raitoharju, Saara Marttila, Nina Mononen, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Marcus E Kleber, Graciela E Delgado, Maija Lepistö, Henrikki Almusa, Pekka Ellonen, Stefan Lorkowski, Winfried März, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Jukka T Salonen, Terho Lehtimäki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Public Health, Tampere University, Physics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine
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Quantitative Trait Loci ,114 Physical sciences ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,CURSE ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Prediabetic State ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,MTDNA ,Genetics ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,METAANALYSIS ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,IDENTIFICATION ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,General Medicine ,ASSOCIATION ,DNA Methylation ,TARGET ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,3111 Biomedicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Mitochondria have a complex communication network with the surrounding cell and can alter nuclear DNA methylation (DNAm). Variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has also been linked to differential DNAm. Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous DNAm quantitative trait loci, but these studies have not examined the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we quantified nuclear DNAm from blood and conducted a mitochondrial genome-wide association study of DNAm, with an additional emphasis on sex- and prediabetes-specific heterogeneity. We used the Young Finns Study (n = 926) with sequenced mtDNA genotypes as a discovery sample and sought replication in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study (n = 2317). We identified numerous significant associations in the discovery phase (P
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- 2021
23. New evidence from plasma ceramides links apoE polymorphism to greater risk of coronary artery disease in Finnish adults
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Juho-Pekka Karjalainen, Miikael Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Hilvo, Terho Lehtimäki, Jorma Viikari, Markus Juonala, Olli T. Raitakari, Reijo Laaksonen, Mika Kähönen, Nina Mononen, Dimple Kauhanen, Lääketieteen ja terveysteknologian tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, and Tampere University
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0301 basic medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biochemistry ,Coronary artery disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,dyslipidemias ,genes ,Finland ,apolipoprotein E ,education.field_of_study ,lipid dysfunction ,Low-density lipoprotein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ceramide ,Genotype ,Biolääketieteet - Biomedicine ,Population ,QD415-436 ,Ceramides ,Biokemia, solu- ja molekyylibiologia - Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Apolipoproteins E ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,education ,Triglycerides ,Dyslipidemias ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Apolipoprotein A-I ,business.industry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Cell Biology ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Metabolism ,030104 developmental biology ,Genes ,low-density lipoprotein ,chemistry ,Lipidomics ,atherosclerosis ,Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research ,business ,Lipid dysfunction ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
apoE, a key regulator of plasma lipids, mediates altered functionalities in lipoprotein metabolism and thus affects the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The significance of different apoE polymorphisms remains unclear; although the ε4 allele is clearly associated with increased cholesterol levels (which inform CAD risk), direct studies about apoE polymorphisms on CAD risk and development have yielded controversial results. Furthermore, certain species of ceramides—complex lipids abundant in plasma LDL—are markers of increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Using a high-throughput MS approach, we quantified 30 molecular plasma ceramide species from a cohort of 2,160 apoE-genotyped (rs7412, rs429358) young adults enrolled in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. We then searched this lipidome data set to identify new indications of pathways influenced by apoE polymorphisms and possibly related to CAD risk. This approach revealed a previously unreported association between apoE polymorphism and a consistently documented high-risk CAD marker, Cer(d18:1/16:0). Compared with the apoE ε3/3 reference group, plasma levels of apoE ε4 were elevated and those of apoE ε2 were lowered in all subjects without evidence of apoE-by-sex interactions. apoE associated with seven ceramides that are connected to atherogenically potent macrophages and/or lipoprotein particles; these associations could indicate a plausible linkage between apoE polymorphism and ceramide metabolism, leading to adverse plasma LDL metabolism and atherogenesis. In conclusion, new evidence from plasma ceramides links apoE polymorphism with an increased risk of CAD and extends our understanding of the role of apoE in health and disease.
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- 2019
24. Utility of Different Blood Pressure Measurement Components in Childhood to Predict Adult Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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Markus Juonala, Jessica G. Woo, Olli T. Raitakari, Alison Venn, Lydia Bazzano, Costan G. Magnussen, Stephen R. Daniels, Alan R. Sinaiko, Ronald J. Prineas, Matthew A. Sabin, Jorma Viikari, Julia Steinberger, Juha Koskinen, Janina Petkeviciene, David R. Jacobs, Terence Dwyer, Indrė Čeponienė, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Wei Chen, Elaine M. Urbina, Trudy L. Burns, and HYKS erva
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mean arterial pressure ,Percentile ,pediatrics ,Diastole ,CHILDREN ,DETERMINANTS ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,TRACKING ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,0302 clinical medicine ,3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Systole ,ASSOCIATIONS ,INSULIN-RESISTANCE ,business.industry ,blood pressure ,Odds ratio ,Pulse pressure ,Blood pressure ,Intima-media thickness ,ADOLESCENCE ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,YOUNG FINNS ,Cardiology ,epidemiology ,arterial pressure ,atherosclerosis ,business - Abstract
Childhood blood pressure (BP) levels predict adult subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the best childhood BP component for prediction has not been determined. This study comprised 5925 participants aged 3 to 18 years from 6 cohorts who were followed into adulthood (mean follow-up 25.8±6.2 years). Childhood BP was measured by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer in all cohorts. Study-specific carotid intima-media thickness ≥90th percentile was used to define subclinical atherosclerosis. Per SD change in the predictor, childhood systolic BP (SBP; age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 1.24 [1.13–1.37]), mean arterial pressure (1.10 [1.07–1.13]), and pulse pressure (1.15 [1.05–1.27]) were associated with increased adulthood intima-media thickness. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for SBP ( C value [95% CI], 0.677 [0.657–0.704]) showed significantly improved prediction compared with diastolic BP (0.669 [0.646–0.693], P =0.006) or mean arterial pressure (0.674 [0.653–0.699], P =0.01). Pulse pressure provided a C value that was not different from SBP (0.676 [0.653–0.699], P =0.16). Combining different BP components did not improve prediction over SBP measurement alone. Based on the associations with adult carotid intima-media thickness, cut points for elevated SBP were 105 mm Hg for 3- to 6-year-old boys, 108 mm Hg for 3- to 6-year-old girls, 108 mm Hg for 7- to 12-year-old boys, 106 mm Hg for 7- to 12-year-old girls, 123 mm Hg for 13- to 18-year-old boys, and 115 mm Hg for 13- to 18-year-old girls. Our analyses suggest that several childhood BP measurement components are related to adulthood carotid intima-media thickness. Of these, SBP provided the best predictive ability.
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- 2019
25. Youth and Long-Term Dietary Calcium Intake With Risk of Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood
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Markus Juonala, Costan G. Magnussen, Niina Pitkänen, Feitong Wu, Jorma Viikari, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Antti Jula, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Tapani Rönnemaa, Katja Pahkala, Mika Kähönen, Matthew A. Sabin, Tomi Laitinen, and Terho Lehtimäki
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Blood sugar ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biochemistry ,Prediabetic State ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Finland ,2. Zero hunger ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Biochemistry (medical) ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fasting ,Feeding Behavior ,Middle Aged ,Impaired fasting glucose ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Calcium, Dietary ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Context To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the role of youth calcium intake in the development of impaired glucose metabolism, especially those with long-term high calcium intake. Objectives To examine whether youth and long-term (between youth and adulthood) dietary calcium intake is associated with adult impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design, setting, and participants The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a 31-year prospective cohort study (n = 1134; age, 3 to 18 years at baseline). Exposures Dietary calcium intake was assessed at baseline (1980) and adult follow-up visits (2001, 2007, and 2011). Long-term (mean between youth and adulthood) dietary calcium intake was calculated. Main outcome measures Adult impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2D. Results We found no evidence for nonlinear associations between calcium intake and IFG or T2D among females and males (all P for nonlinearity > 0.05). Higher youth and long-term dietary calcium intake was not associated with the risk of IFG or T2D among females or males after adjustment for confounders, including youth and adult body mass index. Conclusions Youth or long-term dietary calcium intake is not associated with adult risk of developing impaired glucose metabolism or T2D.
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- 2019
26. Adulthood blood levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p associate with preterm birth and adult metabolic and cognitive health
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Saara Marttila, Suvi Rovio, Pashupati P. Mishra, Ilkka Seppälä, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Markus Juonala, Melanie Waldenberger, Niku Oksala, Mika Ala-Korpela, Emily Harville, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki & Emma Raitoharju
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- 2021
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27. Modular genome-wide gene expression architecture shared by early traits of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis in the Young Finns Study
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Binisha H. Mishra, Pashupati P. Mishra, Emma Raitoharju, Saara Marttila, Nina Mononen, Harri Sievänen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Juonala, Marika Laaksonen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari & Terho Lehtimäki
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- 2021
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28. Uncovering the shared lipidomic markers of subclinical osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity: The Young Finns Study
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Harri Sievänen, Binisha H. Mishra, Mika Hilvo, Marika Laaksonen, Pashupati P. Mishra, Mika Kähönen, Nina Mononen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Reijo Laaksonen, Terho Lehtimäki, Jorma Viikari, Markus Juonala, Olli T. Raitakari, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Comorbidity ,3121 Internal medicine ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Lipidomics ,medicine ,Humans ,Quantitative computed tomography ,Finland ,Subclinical infection ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Omics ,030104 developmental biology ,Cohort ,Female ,3111 Biomedicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are complex multifactorial diseases sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms suggesting that these are comorbidities. Omics studies identifying joint molecular markers associated with these diseases are sparse. Subjects and methods: Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 437 molecular lipid species from the Young Finns Study cohort (aged 30–45 years and 57% women) and performed lipidome-wide multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with early markers for both diseases. Carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis measured with ultrasound and bone mineral density from distal radius and tibia for osteoporosis measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography were used as early markers of the diseases. Results: MANOVA adjusted with age, sex and body mass index, identified eight statistically significant (adjusted p-value (padj) < 0.05) and 15 suggestively significant (padj < 0.25) molecular lipid species associated with the studied markers. Similar analysis adjusted additionally for smoking habit, physical activity and alcohol consumption identified four significant and six suggestively significant molecular lipid species. These most significant lipid classes/species jointly associated with the studied markers were glycerolipid/TAG(18:0/18:0/18:1), glycerophospholipid/PC(40:3), sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/22:0), and sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/24:0). Conclusion: Our results support the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity hypothesis and present potential new joint lipid biomarkers for these diseases. publishedVersion
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- 2021
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29. Methylation status of nc886 epiallele reflects periconceptional conditions and is associated with glucose metabolism through nc886 RNAs
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Saara Marttila, Leena E. Viiri, Pashupati P. Mishra, Brigitte Kühnel, Pamela R. Matias-Garcia, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Tiina Ceder, Nina Mononen, Wolfgang Rathmann, Juliane Winkelmann, Annette Peters, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Katriina Aalto-Setälä, Olli Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, Melanie Waldenberger, Emma Raitoharju
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- 2021
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30. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adulthood
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Jorma Viikari, Päivi Tossavainen, Tomi Laitinen, Suvi P. Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Jarkko S. Heiskanen, Saku Ruohonen, Ville Kytö, and Olli T. Raitakari
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric Obesity ,Waist ,Adolescent ,Diastole ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Risk factor ,Child ,Exercise ,Adiposity ,business.industry ,Area under the curve ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Physical activity level ,Blood pressure ,Echocardiography ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,Female ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,Biomarkers ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, blood pressure, and physical inactivity, have been identified as modifiable determinants of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in adulthood. However, the links between childhood cardiovascular risk factor burden and adulthood LV diastolic function are unknown. To address this lack of knowledge, we aimed to identify childhood risk factors associated with LV diastolic function in the participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. METHODS: Study participants (N = 1871; 45.9% men; aged 34–49 years) were examined repeatedly between the years 1980 and 2011. We determined the cumulative risk exposure in childhood (age 6–18 years) as the area under the curve for systolic blood pressure, adiposity (defined by using skinfold and waist circumference measurements), physical activity, serum insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols. Adulthood LV diastolic function was defined by using E/é ratio. RESULTS: Elevated systolic blood pressure and increased adiposity in childhood were associated with worse adulthood LV diastolic function, whereas higher physical activity level in childhood was associated with better adulthood LV diastolic function (P < .001 for all). The associations of childhood adiposity and physical activity with adulthood LV diastolic function remained significant (both P < .05) but were diluted when the analyses were adjusted for adulthood systolic blood pressure, adiposity, and physical activity. The association between childhood systolic blood pressure and adult LV diastolic function was diluted to nonsignificant (P = .56). CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity status and the level of physical activity in childhood are independently associated with LV diastolic function in adulthood.
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- 2020
31. Examining the effect of mitochondrial DNA variants on blood pressure in two Finnish cohorts
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Pekka Ellonen, Jukka T. Salonen, Mika Kähönen, Maija Lepistö, Ilkka Seppälä, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Pashupati P. Mishra, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Emma Raitoharju, Olli T. Raitakari, Nina Mononen, Terho Lehtimäki, Jaakko Laaksonen, Markus Juonala, Henrikki Almusa, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, and Department of Public Health
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Genotype ,Science ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biology ,3121 Internal medicine ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Genome-wide association studies ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mitochondrial genome ,Risk Factors ,SNP ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Finland ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,Pathogenicity ,Peripheral blood ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,Mitochondria ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Phenotype ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Transfer RNA ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Hypertension ,Medicine ,Female ,3111 Biomedicine ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. The effect of mitochondrial DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) on BP is less known than that of nuclear SNPs. We investigated the mitochondrial genetic determinants of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP. MtSNPs were determined from peripheral blood by sequencing or with genome-wide association study SNP arrays in two independent Finnish cohorts, the Young Finns Study and the Finnish Cardiovascular Study, respectively. In total, over 4200 individuals were included. The effects of individual common mtSNPs, with an additional focus on sex-specificity, and aggregates of rare mtSNPs grouped by mitochondrial genes were evaluated by meta-analysis of linear regression and a sequence kernel association test, respectively. We accounted for the predicted pathogenicity of the rare variants within protein-encoding and the tRNA regions. In the meta-analysis of 87 common mtSNPs, we did not observe significant associations with any of the BP traits. Sex-specific and rare-variant analyses did not pinpoint any significant associations either. Our results are in agreement with several previous studies suggesting that mtDNA variation does not have a significant role in the regulation of BP. Future studies might need to reconsider the mechanisms thought to link mtDNA with hypertension.
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- 2020
32. Childhood Body Mass Index and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Predict Adult Type-2 Diabetes: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium
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Julia Steinberger, Jessica G. Woo, Alison Venn, Elaine M. Urbina, Olli T. Raitakari, Ronald J. Prineas, Kari A. Murdy, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terry Dwyer, Stephen R. Daniels, Trudy L. Burns, Lydia A. Bazzano, Alan R. Sinaiko, David R. Jacobs Jr., and Tian Hu
- Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases - Abstract
Objective: To examine childhood body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and insulin in relation to incident adult type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research Design and Methods: We used data from The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium. Data included childhood measurements (age 3-19) obtained during the 1970s-90s, a health questionnaire including self-report of adult T2DM (occurrence age, medication use) obtained at mean age 40 years, and a medical diagnosis registry (Finland). Results: The sample included 6,738 participants. Of these, 436 (6.5%) reported onset of T2DM between ages 20-59 (mean 40.8) years, and 86% of them reported use of a confirmed anti-diabetic medication. BMI and glucose (age- and sex-standardized) were associated with incident T2DM after adjustment for cohort, country, sex, race, age and calendar year of measurement. Increasing levels of childhood BMI and glucose were related to incrementally increased risk of T2DM beginning at age 30, beginning at cut points below the 95th percentile for BMI and below 100 mg/dL for glucose. Insulin was positively associated with adult T2DM after adjustment for BMI and glucose and added to T2DM discrimination. Conclusions: Childhood BMI and glucose are predictors of adult T2DM at levels previously considered to be within the normal range. These easy to apply measurements are appealing from a clinical perspective. Fasting insulin has the potential to be an additional predictor.
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- 2020
33. Childhood and Adulthood Passive Smoking and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Midlife: A 31-year Cohort Study
- Author
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Feitong Wu, Costan G. Magnussen, Johanna M. Jaakkola, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Terho Lehtimäki, Katja Pahkala, Antti Jula, Tomi T. Laitinen, Matthew A. Sabin, Suvi P. Rovio, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, and Olli T. Raitakari
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Passive smoking ,Adolescent ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Risk Factors ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Finland ,Ultrasonography ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Fatty liver ,Gastroenterology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Relative risk ,Child, Preschool ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,business ,Biomedical sciences ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction: Identifying early life risk factors remains key to the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver (hereinafter "fatty liver") in adulthood. However, the longitudinal association of childhood passive smoking with adult fatty liver is not studied. We examined the association of childhood and adulthood passive smoking with fatty liver in midlife. Methods: This was a 31-year prospective cohort study of 1,315 participants. Information on childhood passive smoking (parental smoking) was collected in 1980 (aged 3-18 years) and 1983 and adulthood passive smoking in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Fatty liver was determined by ultrasound in 2011 (aged 34-49 years). Results: The prevalence of fatty liver was 16.3%. Both childhood and adulthood passive smoking were associated with higher risk of fatty liver, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, childhood socioeconomic status, and adulthood physical activity and alcohol consumption (relative risk = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.97 for childhood; 1.35, 1.01-1.82 for adulthood). Individuals with persistent exposure to passive smoking between childhood and adulthood had the highest risk (relative risk = 1.99, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-3.45) compared with those without passive smoking in either childhood or adulthood. Discussion: Passive smoking in both child and adult lives are associated with increased risk of adult fatty liver, suggesting that the prevention of passive smoking should start as early as possible and maintain throughout lifetime.
- Published
- 2020
34. Student-LED interprofessional sequential simulation improves communication and teamwork
- Author
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Lasse Tervajärvi, Anna Mari Rautiola, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Tampere University, and Clinical Medicine
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Interprofessional Relations ,education ,3121 Internal medicine ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical pathway ,Health care ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Simulation Training ,General Nursing ,Finland ,media_common ,Patient Care Team ,Teamwork ,Medical education ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Communication ,Sequential simulation ,General Medicine ,Learning methods ,Students, Nursing ,316 Nursing ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
Background: Although simulation is a well-established learning method in Finland, sequential simulations are still uncommon. The objective of this project was to pilot interprofessional, sequential simulation demonstrating acute clinical pathways. The learning objectives were communication and collaboration. Methods: Two groups consisting of nursing and emergency care students planned the simulation exercises. Other participants in the simulation were medical students, biomedical science students and radiography students. Results: Participants considered the sequential simulation were a good learning method particularly for skills in communication, patient encounters and working in an interprofessional setting. Conclusions: An interprofessional, sequential simulation of a clinical pathway is a good method to practice non-technical skills. Sequential simulation also helps students understand the whole health care system. publishedVersion
- Published
- 2020
35. Dietary Pattern Trajectories from Youth to Adulthood and Adult Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose: A 31-year Cohort Study
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Jorma Viikari, Costan G. Magnussen, Kylie J. Smith, Olli T. Raitakari, Matthew A. Sabin, Feitong Wu, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Mika Kähönen, Antti Jula, Katja Pahkala, Tapani Rönnemaa, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Satu Männistö, Suvi P. Rovio, and Markus Juonala
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biochemistry ,Prediabetic State ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Glucose Intolerance ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,education ,Child ,Finland ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Fasting ,Feeding Behavior ,Impaired fasting glucose ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Diet ,Relative risk ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Red meat ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers ,Cohort study ,Demography ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Context The influence of dietary pattern trajectories from youth to adulthood on adult glucose metabolism is unknown. Objective To identify dietary pattern trajectories from youth to adulthood and examine their associations with adult impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods Thirty-one-year population-based cohort study among 1007 youths aged 3-18 years at baseline in Finland. Diet intake was assessed in 1980, 1986, 2001, 2007, and 2011. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify dietary pattern (identified by factor analysis) trajectories. Adult IFG was measured by the latest available data from 2001, 2007, and 2011. Results Among 1007 participants, 202 (20.1%) developed IFG and 27 (2.7%) developed type 2 diabetes in adulthood (mean follow-up of 30.7 years; mean [SD] age 40.5 [5.0] years). Three dietary patterns were identified at baseline and were retained in 1986 and 2001: “Traditional Finnish,” “High carbohydrate,” and “Vegetables and dairy products.” Three different patterns were identified in 2007, which remained similar in 2011: “Traditional Finnish and high carbohydrate,” “Red meat,” and “Healthy.” Trajectories of increased or stably medium “red meat” pattern scores from youth to adulthood were detrimentally associated with IFG (relative risk 1.46, 95% CI 1.12-1.90 for Medium (M)-stable/M-large increase vs low-stable trajectory) after adjusting for confounders. This association was slightly reduced after further adjusting for long-term dietary fiber intake. Conclusion Trajectories of an increased or stably moderate adherence to a “red meat” dietary pattern from youth to adulthood are associated with higher risk of adult IFG. This association is partly explained by low dietary fiber intake.
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- 2020
36. Childhood and long-term dietary calcium intake and adult cardiovascular risk in a population with high calcium intake
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Jorma S. A. Viikari, Suvi P. Rovio, Terho Lehtimäki, Katja Pahkala, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Feitong Wu, Matthew A. Sabin, Kylie J. Smith, Markus Juonala, Tomi Laitinen, Tapani Rönnemaa, Costan G. Magnussen, Olli T. Raitakari, Antti Jula, and Mika Kähönen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Population ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Calcium ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Risk Assessment ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,Child ,Finland ,education.field_of_study ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Diet ,Calcium, Dietary ,Blood pressure ,Intima-media thickness ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Cohort study ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Summary Background & aims The influence of dietary calcium intake in childhood on adult cardiovascular health is unknown, particularly in those with long-term high intake. To examine both linear and non-linear associations of childhood and long-term (between childhood and adulthood) dietary calcium intake with adult cardiovascular risk outcomes. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study in Finland (n = 1029, aged 3–18 years at baseline). Dietary calcium intake was assessed in childhood (1980, baseline) and adulthood (mean of available data from 2001, 2007 and 2011). Long-term dietary calcium intake was calculated as the mean between childhood and adulthood. Outcomes were measured in 2001, 2007, and/or 2011, and the latest available data were used for analyses, including high carotid intima-media thickness, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid artery compliance (CAC), Young's elastic modulus (YEM), and stiffness index (SI). Results There were no significant non-linear or linear associations between childhood or long-term dietary calcium intake with any adult cardiovascular outcomes, after adjustment for age, sex, and childhood and adulthood confounders (e.g., body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption). Conclusions Childhood or long-term dietary calcium intake that is higher than the recommended level is not associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
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- 2020
37. Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Trajectories with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption from Childhood to Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
- Author
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Kasper Salin, Suvi P. Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Mirja Hirvensalo, Mikael Fogelholm, Irinja Lounassalo, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Anna Kankaanpää, Tuija Tammelin, Asko Tolvanen, Xiaolin Yang, Olli T. Raitakari, Sanna Palomäki, Lääketieteen ja terveysteknologian tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Nutrition Science
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Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Leisure time ,physical activity ,liikunta ,ruokavaliot ,Cardiovascular System ,VARIABLES ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Vegetables ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,kohorttitutkimus ,DIETARY-CHANGES ,Finland ,18 COUNTRIES ,vihannekset ,Age cohorts ,Naisten- ja lastentaudit - Gynaecology and paediatrics ,Middle Aged ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,OBESITY ,trajectory ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE ,Female ,HEALTH BEHAVIOR-CHANGE ,fyysinen aktiivisuus ,Adult ,adulthood ,Adolescent ,longitudinal ,Kansanterveystiede, ympäristö ja työterveys - Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,Physical activity ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,pitkittäistutkimus ,Motor Activity ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,FEV1/FVC ratio ,AGE ,Leisure Activities ,Humans ,VALIDITY ,Exercise ,Life Style ,1172 Environmental sciences ,childhood ,Consumption (economics) ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle age ,Diet ,Fruit ,adolescence ,GENDER ,Self Report ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,diet ,Demography ,hedelmät - Abstract
A physically active lifestyle and a diet rich in vegetables and fruits have a central role in promoting health. This study examined the associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) trajectories and fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) from childhood to middle age. The data were drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with six age cohorts. Participants were 9 to 18 years (n = 3536, 51% females) at baseline in 1980 and 33 to 48 years at the last follow-up in 2011. LTPA and FVC were self-reported. LTPA trajectories were identified using latent profile analyses, after which the mean differences in FVC across the trajectories were studied. Active, low-active, decreasingly and increasingly active trajectories were identified for both genders. An additional trajectory describing inactivity was identified for females. Those who were persistently active or increased their LTPA had higher FVC at many ages when compared to their inactive or low-active counterparts (p <, 0.05). In females prior to age 42 and in males prior to age 24, FVC was higher at many ages in those with decreasing activity than in their inactive or low-active counterparts (p <, 0.05). The development of LTPA and FVC from childhood to middle age seem to occur in tandem.
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- 2019
38. Physical Inactivity from Youth to Adulthood and Risk of Impaired Glucose Metabolism
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Suvi P. Rovio, Markus Juonala, Petri Kallio, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Harri Helajärvi, Mirja Hirvensalo, Costan G. Magnussen, Jorma Viikari, Risto Telama, Olli T. Raitakari, Olli J. Heinonen, Katja Pahkala, and Tuija Tammelin
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Cross-sectional study ,physical activity ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ta315 ,impaired glucose metabolism ,Child ,Finland ,liikkumattomuus ,ta3142 ,Middle Aged ,aikuisuus ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,fyysinen aktiivisuus ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,pitkittäistutkimus ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,aineenvaihduntahäiriöt ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise ,Life Style ,childhood ,business.industry ,Metabolism ,lapsuus ,ta3121 ,medicine.disease ,Impaired fasting glucose ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Glucose ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Relative risk ,physical inactivity ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,aikuistyypin diabetes - Abstract
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is important in the prevention and treatment of impaired glucose metabolism. However, association of physical inactivity during the transition between childhood and adulthood with glucose metabolism is unknown. Therefore, we studied the association of persistent physical inactivity since childhood with glucose metabolism in adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the ongoing, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with repeated follow-ups between 1980 and 2011 (baseline age, 3-18 yr; n = 3596). Impaired glucose metabolism was defined as having impaired fasting glucose (6.1-6.9 mmol·L-1) or type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Leisure-time PA habits were repeatedly collected with a standardized questionnaire and expressed as a PA Index. Using PA Index, four groups were formed (n = 2000): 1) persistently low PA, 2) decreasingly active, 3) increasingly active, and 4) persistently active subjects. Poisson regression model was used to examine the association between PA groups and impaired glucose metabolism. Results: The proportion of the sample with impaired glucose metabolism was 16.1% in individuals with persistently low PA, 14.5% in decreasingly active, 6.8% in increasingly active, and 11.1% in persistently active. Compared with individuals with persistently low PA, age and sex-adjusted risk for impaired glucose metabolism were lower in those who increased PA (relative risk [RR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.76) and in those who were persistently active (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.97), but similar in those who decreased PA (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.66-1.36). Conclusions: Persistently physically inactive lifestyle from youth to adulthood is associated with increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism in adulthood. Importantly, a moderate increase in PA lowered the risk. The results highlight the importance of avoiding physically inactive lifestyle at all stages of life.
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- 2018
39. Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28-year longitudinal study
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Kylie J. Smith, Tuija Tammelin, Satu Männistö, Olli T. Raitakari, Sanna Palomäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, and Mirja Hirvensalo
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,elintavat ,Longitudinal study ,longitudinal ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Health Behavior ,Physical activity ,physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,pitkittäistutkimus ,Logistic regression ,Odds ,Habits ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,liikuntaharrastus ,ta315 ,Child ,Finland ,Consumption (economics) ,youth ,Smoking ,Youth Sports ,ta3142 ,030229 sport sciences ,Diet ,health behaviors ,aikuisuus ,Logistic Models ,terveyskäyttäytyminen ,nuoruus ,Female ,Smoking status ,Self Report ,sport ,Lifestyle habits ,Psychology ,Alcohol consumption ,fyysinen aktiivisuus ,Demography - Abstract
Health behaviors in youth can predict the same behaviors later in life, but the role of sport participation in predicting healthy lifestyle habits is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between participation in organized youth sport and adult healthy lifestyle habits. Data from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) with a 28-year follow-up were used. The participation in sport-club training sessions was self-reported by 9-18-year-olds in 1983 and 1986 (n = 1285). During 2011, participants (aged 37-43-year old) reported their smoking status, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. Odd ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression, to examine how participation in organized youth sport was associated with having three or four versus fewer (0-2) healthy habits in adulthood. Participants who were active in youth sport in both 1983 and 1986 had almost two times greater odds of having three or four healthy habits in adulthood than those who were not active at both time points (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.11-2.76). When the analyses were stratified by sex, the findings were statistically significant among women (OR: 2.13, 95%Cl: 1.13-3.99) but not men (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.63-2.58). The results suggest that participation in organized youth sport could promote healthy lifestyle choices.
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- 2018
40. Childhood socioeconomic status and lifetime health behaviors: The Young Finns Study
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Costan G. Magnussen, Kylie J. Smith, Tomi Laitinen, Tuija Tammelin, Elina Puolakka, Olli T. Raitakari, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Marko Elovainio, Tomi T. Laitinen, Satu Männistö, Eero Jokinen, Kristiina Pälve, Jorma Viikari, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Katja Pahkala, Päivi Tossavainen, Markus Juonala, Lastentautien yksikkö, Children's Hospital, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Psychosocial factors and health, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, and HUS Children and Adolescents
- Subjects
Male ,Health Behavior ,Cohort Studies ,TRACKING ,0302 clinical medicine ,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS ,Multiple time ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Finland ,ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY ,Smoking ,ta3142 ,Cardiovascular disorders ,Child, Preschool ,Socioeconomic status ,Cohort ,Life course approach ,Female ,Diet, Healthy ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,515 Psychology ,Physical activity ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Family income ,SECULAR TRENDS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE ,COHORT ,Health behaviors ,Life Style ,Preventive healthcare ,Preventive medicine ,business.industry ,ta3121 ,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY ,Social Class ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,ADULT HEALTH ,DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS ,Tracking (education) ,FOLLOW-UP ,business ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Follow-Up Studies ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Differences in health behaviors partly explain the socioeconomic gap in cardiovascular health. We prospectively examined the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors in adulthood, and the difference of lifestyle factors according to childhood SES in multiple time points from childhood to adulthood. Methods and results: The sample comprised 3453 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Young Finns Study. The participants were followed up for 31 years (N = 1675-1930). SES in childhood was characterized as reported annual family income and classified on an 8-point scale. Diet, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were used as adult and life course lifestyle factors. Higher childhood SES predicted a healthier diet in adulthood in terms of lower consumption of meat (beta +/- SE -3.6 +/- 0.99, p
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- 2018
41. Impact of Lipid Measurements in Youth in Addition to Conventional Clinic-Based Risk Factors on Predicting Preclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood
- Author
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Matthew A. Sabin, Ronald J. Prineas, Gerald S. Berenson, Jorma Viikari, Julia Steinberger, Juha Koskinen, Trudy L. Burns, Lydia A. Bazzano, David R. Jacobs, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Elaine M. Urbina, Costan G. Magnussen, Jessica G. Woo, Markus Juonala, Alan R. Sinaiko, Alison Venn, Terence Dwyer, Russell Thomson, Stephen R. Daniels, and Olli T. Raitakari
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intima-media thickness ,Physiology (medical) ,Cohort ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Metabolic syndrome ,Risk factor ,medicine.symptom ,Young adult ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Risk assessment ,business ,National Cholesterol Education Program - Abstract
Background: Data suggest that the prediction of adult cardiovascular disease using a model comprised entirely of adult nonlaboratory-based risk factors is equivalent to an approach that additionally incorporates adult lipid measures. We assessed and compared the utility of a risk model based solely on nonlaboratory risk factors in adolescence versus a lipid model based on nonlaboratory risk factors plus lipids for predicting high-risk carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in adulthood. Methods: The study comprised 2893 participants 12 to 18 years of age from 4 longitudinal cohort studies from the United States (Bogalusa Heart Study and the Insulin Study), Australia (Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study), and Finland (The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study) and followed into adulthood when cIMT was measured (mean follow-up, 23.4 years). Overweight status was defined according to the Cole classification. Hypertension was defined according to the Fourth Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. High-risk plasma lipid levels were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Cholesterol Levels in Children. High cIMT was defined as a study-specific value ≥90th percentile. Age and sex were included in each model. Results: In univariate models, all risk factors except for borderline high and high triglycerides in adolescence were associated with high cIMT in adulthood. In multivariable models (relative risk [95% confidence interval]), male sex (2.7 [2.0–2.6]), prehypertension (1.4 [1.0–1.9]), hypertension (1.9 [1.3–2.9]), overweight (2.0 [1.4–2.9]), obesity (3.7 [2.0–7.0]), borderline high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.6 [1.2–2.2]), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.6 [1.1–2.1]), and borderline low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.4 [1.0–1.8]) remained significant predictors of high cIMT ( P P =0.02). Conclusions: Nonlaboratory-based risk factors and lipids measured in adolescence independently predicted preclinical atherosclerosis in young adulthood. The addition of lipid measurements to traditional clinic-based risk factor assessment provided a statistically significant but clinically modest improvement on adolescent prediction of high cIMT in adulthood.
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- 2018
42. Pulse Wave Velocity Predicts the Progression of Blood Pressure and Development of Hypertension in Young Adults
- Author
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Jorma Viikari, Teemu Koivistoinen, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Heikki Aatola, Terho Lehtimäki, Tiina Luukkaala, Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, and Markus Juonala
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Diastole ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,Prehypertension ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Pulse wave velocity ,Finland ,Retrospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Age Factors ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Odds ratio ,ta3121 ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,Blood pressure ,Case-Control Studies ,Hypertension ,Multivariate Analysis ,Disease Progression ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether pulse wave velocity (PWV) predicts the progression of blood pressure and the development of hypertension in young adults. In addition, we studied whether PWV improves the risk prediction of incident hypertension beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in 2007 and 2011 for 1449 Finnish adults (aged 30–45 years). In addition, PWV and other cardiovascular risk factors were measured in 2007. The association between PWV (in 2007) and blood pressure (in 2011) was studied in the whole population (n=1449) and in a normotensive subpopulation (n=1183). The ability of PWV measured in 2007 to predict incident hypertension in 2011 was investigated in the subpopulation (n=1183). PWV measured in 2007 was directly and independently associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured in 2011 ( P P P =0.040), and the continuous net reclassification improvement 59.4% ( P
- Published
- 2018
43. Both youth and long-term vitamin D status is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood: a cohort study
- Author
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Jorma Viikari, Costan G. Magnussen, Tomi Laitinen, Niina Pitkänen, Markus Juonala, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Katja Pahkala, Matthew A. Sabin, Feitong Wu, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, and Antti Jula
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,endocrine system diseases ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Cohort Studies ,Prediabetic State ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vitamin D ,Child ,Finland ,business.industry ,Incidence ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Fasting ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,ta3121 ,Impaired fasting glucose ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Cohort study - Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether vitamin D status in childhood and adolescence (herein collectively referred to as youth) and the long-term status from youth to adulthood is associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adulthood. Materials and methods: This was a 31-year follow-up study of 2300 participants aged 3–18 years. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association of both (a) baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and (b) the mean of baseline and the latest follow-up 25OHD levels (continuous variable and quartiles) with incident T2DM and IFG (cut-off = 5.6 mmol/L) in adult life. Results: High serum 25OHD levels in youth and also mean values from youth to adulthood were associated with reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval= 0.73, 0.57–0.95 and 0.65, 0.51–0.84, respectively, for each SD increment in 25OHD). Compared to Q1, a dose-dependent negative association was observed across other quartiles of youth 25OHD, while the strongest association was found in the Q3 for the mean 25OHD levels. Neither youth nor the mean 25OHD was associated with IFG. Conclusions: High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and from child to adult life, were associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM in adulthood.Key MessagesHigh serum 25OHD levels in youth, and between youth and adulthood, were associated with a lower risk of T2DM in adulthood.Each SD (15.2 nmol/L) increment in youth serum 25OHD levels was associated with a 26% reduction in odds for T2DM, which was independent of a number of confounding variables and other risk factors for T2DM. A similar magnitude of association was observed for the long-term 25OHD levels between youth and adulthood.These findings suggest a potentially simple and cost-effective strategy for reducing adulthood risk of T2DM starting in an earlier stage of life – improving and maintaining vitamin D status throughout youth and early adulthood. High serum 25OHD levels in youth, and between youth and adulthood, were associated with a lower risk of T2DM in adulthood. Each SD (15.2 nmol/L) increment in youth serum 25OHD levels was associated with a 26% reduction in odds for T2DM, which was independent of a number of confounding variables and other risk factors for T2DM. A similar magnitude of association was observed for the long-term 25OHD levels between youth and adulthood. These findings suggest a potentially simple and cost-effective strategy for reducing adulthood risk of T2DM starting in an earlier stage of life – improving and maintaining vitamin D status throughout youth and early adulthood.
- Published
- 2017
44. Aortic sinus diameter in middle age is associated with body size in young adulthood
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Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Noora Kartiosuo, Saku Ruohonen, Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Jarkko S. Heiskanen, Merja Kallio, Markus Juonala, Päivi Tossavainen, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Jussi Hernesniemi, Olli T. Raitakari, Lääketieteen ja biotieteiden tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, and Tampere University
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Body Surface Area ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Aortic aneurysm ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Aortic sinus ,Body Size ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Finland ,Aortic valve regurgitation ,Aortic dissection ,Body surface area ,business.industry ,Sisätaudit - Internal medicine ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Sinus of Valsalva ,medicine.disease ,Middle age ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Echocardiography ,Child, Preschool ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
ObjectiveAortic sinus dilatation can lead to aortic valve regurgitation or even aortic dissection. Our objective was to examine the association between body surface area (BSA) measures from childhood to middle age and aortic sinus diameter in middle age. Understanding the relation of these two clarifies how aortic size is normally determined.MethodsCardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a longitudinal study with follow-up of over 31 years (1980–2011). The study comprises information of body composition from multiple time points of 1950 subjects with cardiac ultrasound measurements made in 2011. The association between BSA in different ages and aortic sinus diameter in middle age was analysed by linear regression modelling adjusted with age, sex and diastolic blood pressure. Missing BSA values were derived for each life year (ages 3–33 years) from subject-specific curves for body weight and height estimated from longitudinal measurements using mixed model regression splines.ResultsBSA estimates in early 20s are most strongly associated with aortic sinus diameter in middle age. Top association was observed at age 23 years with one SD increase in estimated BSA corresponding to 1.04 mm (0.87–1.21 mm) increase in aortic diameter. Increase in body weight beyond early 20s does not associate with aortic sinus diameter, and the association between middle age BSA and aortic size is substantially weaker (0.74 mm increase (0.58–0.89 mm)). These results were confirmed in a subpopulation using only measured data.ConclusionThe association between aortic sinus diameter and BSA is stronger when considering BSA in young adulthood compared with BSA in middle age.
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- 2017
45. Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Arterial Stiffness in Adulthood
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Laura Pulkki-Råback, Costan G. Magnussen, Markus Juonala, Katja Pahkala, Elina Puolakka, Jorma Viikari, Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Päivi Tossavainen, Tomi T. Laitinen, Matthew A. Sabin, Marko Elovainio, Tomi Laitinen, Olli T. Raitakari, and Terho Lehtimäki
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vascular Stiffness ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Socioeconomic status ,Pulse wave velocity ,Finland ,Carotid artery distensibility ,Cardiometabolic risk ,business.industry ,Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ,Wave velocity ,Child Health ,ta3121 ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Carotid Arteries ,Social Class ,Child, Preschool ,Arterial stiffness ,Cardiology ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of socioeconomic factors in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the association of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) with arterial stiffness in adulthood has not been reported. Our aim was to determine whether higher childhood family-level SES is associated with lower arterial stiffness in adulthood. The analyses were performed using data gathered within the longitudinal Young Finns Study. The sample comprised 2566 participants who had data concerning family SES at ages 3 to 18 years in 1980 and arterial pulse wave velocity and carotid artery distensibility measured 21 or 27 years later in adulthood. Higher family SES in childhood was associated with lower arterial stiffness in adulthood; carotid artery distensibility being higher ( β value±SE, 0.029±0.0089%/10 mm Hg; P =0.001) and pulse wave velocity lower ( β value±SE, −0.062±0.022 m/s; P =0.006) among those with higher family SES in a multivariable analysis adjusted with age, sex, and conventional childhood cardiometabolic risk factors. The association remained significant after further adjustment for participant’s SES in adulthood ( β value±SE, 0.026±0.010%/10 mm Hg; P =0.01 for carotid artery distensibility and β value±SE, −0.048±0.023 m/s; P =0.04 for pulse wave velocity) but attenuated after adjustment for adulthood cardiometabolic risk factors ( β value±SE, 0.015±0.008%/10 mm Hg; P =0.08 for carotid artery distensibility and β value±SE, −0.019±0.02 m/s; P =0.38 for pulse wave velocity). In conclusion, we observed an association between higher family SES in childhood and lower arterial stiffness in adulthood. Our findings suggest that special attention could be paid to children from low SES families to prevent cardiometabolic diseases primordially.
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- 2017
46. Assessment of plasma ceramides as predictor for preclinical atherosclerosis
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Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Markus Juonala, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Reijo Laaksonen, Mika Hilvo, Olli T. Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, Pashupati P. Mishra, Binisha H. Mishra, and Mika Kähönen
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business.industry ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
47. Association of Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Measured in Adolescence, Young Adulthood, and Mid-Adulthood With Coronary Artery Calcification Measured in Mid-Adulthood
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Brooklyn J Fraser, Mika Kähönen, Feitong Wu, Olli T. Raitakari, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Matthew K Armstrong, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Juha Koskinen, Markus Juonala, Jorma Viikari, Olli Hartiala, and Costan G. Magnussen
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education.field_of_study ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Population ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Odds ratio ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intima-media thickness ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Family history ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Agatston score ,business ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,Body mass index ,Original Investigation - Abstract
Importance Elevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) is associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of heart disease in adulthood. However, the relative importance of non–HDL-C levels at specific life stages for CAC remains unclear. Objective To identify the relative association of non–HDL-C measured at distinct life stages (adolescence, young adulthood, mid-adulthood) with the presence of CAC measured in mid-adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a population-based prospective cohort study that started in 1980 with follow-up over 28 years. Participants from 3 population centers (Kuopio, Tampere, and Turku in Finland) represent a convenience sample drawn from the 3 oldest cohorts at baseline (aged 12-18 years in 1980). Data were collected from September 1980 to August 2008. Analysis began February 2020. Exposures Non–HDL-C levels were measured at 3 life stages including adolescence (aged 12-18 years), young adulthood (aged 21-30 years), and mid-adulthood (aged 33-45 years). Main Outcomes and Measures In 2008, CAC was determined from computed tomography and dichotomized as 0 (no CAC, Agatston score = 0) and 1 (presence of CAC, Agatston score ≥1) for analysis. Using a bayesian relevant life course exposure model, the relative association was determined between non–HDL-C at each life stage and the presence of CAC in mid-adulthood. Results Of 589 participants, 327 (56%) were female. In a model adjusted for year of birth, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, smoking status, lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication use, and family history of heart disease, cumulative exposure to non–HDL-C across all life stages was associated with CAC (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.14-1.92). At each life stage, non–HDL-C was associated with CAC and exposure to non–HDL-C during adolescence had the strongest association (adolescence: OR, 1.16; 95% CrI, 1.01-1.46; young adulthood: OR, 1.14; 95% CrI, 1.01-1.43; mid-adulthood: OR, 1.12; 95% CrI, 1.01-1.34). Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest that elevated non–HDL-C levels at all life stages are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in mid-adulthood. However, adolescent non–HDL-C levels showed the strongest association with the presence of CAC in mid-adulthood, and greater awareness of the importance of elevated non–HDL-C in adolescence is needed.
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- 2021
48. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Fatty Liver
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Tapani Rönnemaa, Tuija H Tammelin, Jorma Viikari, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Emmi Suomela, Janne Hulkkonen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Risto Telama, Terho Lehtimäki, Kristiina Pälve, Olli T. Raitakari, Heikki Aatola, and Mika Kähönen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Physiology ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Comorbidity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Lower risk ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxygen Consumption ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Obesity ,education ,Finland ,Ultrasonography ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Fatty liver ,VO2 max ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,ta3121 ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Fatty Liver ,Endocrinology ,Cardiorespiratory Fitness ,Relative risk ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Steatohepatitis ,business ,Body mass index ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Fatty liver is an expanding health concern associated with metabolic disturbances and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental studies in animals have shown associations between fatty liver and cardiorespiratory fitness but limited data exist in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the links between cardiorespiratory fitness and fatty liver in a population-based sample of adults.Participants were 463 adults (48% men) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a cycle ergometer exercise test as peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak [mL·kg·min]) in 2008 to 2009. Hepatic ultrasonographic imaging was performed in 2011 to determine fatty liver.Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower risk of fatty liver (1 mL·kg·min increase in V˙O2peak: risk ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.93, P0.0001; adjusted for age and sex). This association remained significant after further adjustments with physical activity, adiposity, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum lipids, insulin, glucose, and C-reactive protein. Participants who were obese (waist circumference,80 cm in women and94 cm in men) but fit (V˙O2peak in the upper age- and sex-specific median) had lower prevalence of fatty liver than participants who were obese and unfit (below median), (11.7% vs 34.8%, P = 0.0003).In a population-based sample of adults, cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly, inversely and independently related with the risk of fatty liver. Importantly, the association is evident also among obese.
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- 2017
49. Positive Psychosocial Factors in Childhood Predicting Lower Risk for Adult Type 2 Diabetes: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, 1980–2012
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Matthew A. Sabin, Marko Elovainio, Olli T. Raitakari, Christian Hakulinen, David Burgner, Mirka Hintsanen, Eero Jokinen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Juonala, Anna Serlachius, Vera Mikkilä, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Costan G. Magnussen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Jari Lipsanen, Antti Jula, Tapani Rönnemaa, Kateryna Savelieva, Laura D. Kubzansky, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Medicum, Psychosocial factors and health, University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Children's Hospital, Lastentautien yksikkö, Clinicum, Department of Food and Nutrition, HUS Children and Adolescents, and Teachers' Academy
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Male ,Epidemiology ,Health Behavior ,Child Behavior ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Finland ,CUMULATIVE RISK ,ASSOCIATION ,EXPERIENCES ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,OBESITY ,ADOLESCENCE ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Female ,HEALTH ,Psychosocial ,Cohort study ,Adult ,Adolescent ,515 Psychology ,Lower risk ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE ,COHORT ,ABUSE ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,ta3121 ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,LIFE ,416 Food Science ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Social Class ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Relative risk ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a public health concern, but psychosocial factors that may protect against the disease are unknown. This study examines whether a positive psychosocial environment in childhood is associated with lower risk for Type 2 diabetes in adulthood or healthier glucose trajectories over the life course, and whether BMI mediates the associations. Methods: A cohort of 3,596 Finnish children was followed into adulthood over 32 years. An overall positive psychosocial score, consisting of six subdomains, was measured at study baseline (1980). Relative risk ratios and multilevel growth curve modeling were used to examine associations of the psychosocial score with Type 2 diabetes (2012) and glucose trajectories (1986-2012). The mediating effect by BMI was examined using mediation analysis. The analyses were conducted between June 2015 and January 2016. Results: There was a 21% decrease in the rate of Type 2 diabetes (relative risk ratio, 0.79; 95% CI = 0.66, 0.94) for each 1-SD increase in the positive psychosocial score after adjustment for childhood cardiovascular risk factors and dietary behaviors. Adult BMI mediated 52% and weight gain mediated 25% of the association. The growth curve model showed healthier glucose trajectories (age X psychosocial score interaction, b = -0.01; p = 0.010) for participants with higher versus lower positive psychosocial score in childhood. Conclusions: Positive psychosocial environment in childhood seems to have beneficial influences on the risk for Type 2 diabetes over the life span. RCTs will be required to see if interventions directed at early-life circumstances are warranted. (C) 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- 2017
50. Cardiovascular Risk Factors From Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Performance
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Leena Taittonen, Eero Jokinen, Mika Kähönen, Juha O. Rinne, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Pia Salo, Jaakko Nevalainen, Päivi Tossavainen, Suvi P. Rovio, Markus Juonala, Katja Pahkala, Jorma Viikari, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, and Olli T. Raitakari
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2. Zero hunger ,Gerontology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,3. Good health ,Cognitive test ,Associative learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Risk factor ,Young adult ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,education ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background In adults, high blood pressure (BP), adverse serum lipids, and smoking associate with cognitive deficits. The effects of these risk factors from childhood on midlife cognitive performance are unknown. Objectives This study sought to investigate the associations between childhood/adolescence cardiovascular risk factors and midlife cognitive performance. Methods From 1980, a population-based cohort of 3,596 children (baseline age: 3 to 18 years) have been followed for 31 years in 3- to 9-year intervals. BP, serum lipids, body mass index, and smoking were assessed in all follow-ups. Cumulative exposure as the area under the curve for each risk factor was determined in childhood (6 to 12 years), adolescence (12 to 18 years), and young adulthood (18 to 24 years). In 2011, cognitive testing was performed in 2,026 participants aged 34 to 49 years. Results High systolic BP, elevated serum total-cholesterol, and smoking from childhood were independently associated with worse midlife cognitive performance, especially memory and learning. The number of early life risk factors, including high levels (extreme 75th percentile for cumulative risk exposure between ages 6 and 24 years) of systolic BP, total-cholesterol, and smoking associated inversely with midlife visual and episodic memory and visuospatial associative learning (–0.140 standard deviations per risk factor, p Conclusions Cumulative burden of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood/adolescence associate with worse midlife cognitive performance independent of adulthood exposure.
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- 2017
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