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Background; Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of a common hormonal issue among women of childbearing age. Multiple cysts formation in ovaries, high level of androgen hormone and lack of ovulation and abnormal body appearance could be symptoms of PCOS that leads of severe negative effects on women mental health. Objective: To find out the association of body-appearance and mental health with PCOS. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methodology: This was questionnaire base study in which 54 PCOS suffering women and 67 control females were participated. Questions were asked about their body-image satisfaction and behavior towards sexual activities in routine life. Results: Average age in years of PCOS patients was 37.3±17.2 and control group was 44.8±13.7, average weight was 88.6±23.9 kg and 79.5±17.2 kg respectively. All were married and more than 60% of them were housewives. 9 questions were asked related to body image of PCOS patients and 63% of them were not feeling depressed about their physical appearance while only 13% were very much concerned and not satisfied with their physical appearance. Conclusion: Although PCOS has some negative effects on body appearance due to increased androgen level that might has some impact on self-confidence and less satisfaction with routine sexual life end up with depression and anxiety or some other mental disturbances, but there was no significant association was found between PCOS body-image and mental health. Keywords: Assessment, Body image distress, Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Sustainable food packaging made from starch is a viable alternative to the usage of petrochemical-based plastics. The incorporation of additives, particularly essential oils, into the starch film can potentially improve the mechanical properties and enhance its functionality. The present work investigated the effects of the incorporation of different types and concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%; v/v) of essential oils (EOs) from oregano, Vietnamese mint (VEO), and curry leaf on the mechanical and optical properties of starch films. Additionally, the quality attributes of strawberries wrapped using the films during storage were investigated in terms of weight loss, colour changes, and firmness. It was observed that the incorporation of EOs into the starch films improved the elongation at break, especially at higher concentrations. These films became slightly yellowish and more opaque. Besides, the changes in quality attributes of strawberries wrapped with starch/EOs films were the lowest as compared to the unwrapped strawberries and the strawberries wrapped with starch films. Starch films incorporated with 1% (v/v) VEO were the most effective films due to relatively high flexibility and low stiffness, apart from the ability to decrease the changes in quality attributes of strawberries. To conclude, the starch/EOs films have great potential for food packaging applications.

This paper presents the signal strength measurement of the 4G network for an outdoor environment. The signal strength is measured at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz. The signal measurement is compared with the simulation using WinProp software. The database was created for the simulation, and the received signals were recorded at certain locations. The measured and simulated results show that the signal is comparable, where the highest signal is -56 dBm at 1.8 GHz and -49 dBm at 2.6 GHz.

Augmented Reality (AR) adalah sebuah teknologi yang semakin berkembang dalam bidang pendidikan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk dijalankan adalah untuk membangunkan sebuah aplikasi pembelajaran berasaskan Augmented Reality yang bertajuk “Mari Mengenal Bentuk”. Objektif pembangunan aplikasi pembelajaran ini adalah untuk membantu murid Tahun Satu dalam mata pelajaran STEM iaitu mata pelajaran Matematik dalam topik Bentuk. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pembangunan aplikasi ini adalah model ADDIE yang melibatkan lima fasa. Fasa penilaian yang dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklum balas yang diperoleh daripada 18 orang responden. Hasil dapatan kajian dikumpul dengan menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui pautan Google Form. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan guru-guru memberikan pandangan yang positif terhadap aplikasi ini digunakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran. Guru juga bersetuju bahawa aplikasi ini sesuai digunakan oleh murid Tahun Satu dengan bimbingan daripada guru atau ibu bapa. Integrating Augmented Reality in Learning 2D and 3D Shapes Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) is a growing technology in the field of education. The purpose of this study is to develop an Augmented Reality-based learning application titled "Mari Mengenal Bentuk". The objective of the development of this learning application is to help Year One students in STEM subjects that is Mathematics subject in the topic of “Bentuk”. The methodology used in the development of this application is the ADDIE model which involves five phases. Evaluation phase conducted to obtain feedback obtained from 18 respondents. The results of the study were collected using quantitative methods through the Google Form link. Findings of the study showed that teachers gave a positive view of this application used as a learning material. Teachers also agreed that this app is suitable for use by Year One pupils with guidance from teachers or parents. Keywords: 2D and 3D Shapes, ADDIE, Augmented Reality, Teaching and Learning Aids.

The outbreak of pandemic disease is catastrophic and caused negative psychological effects among patients, healthcare workers and their surroundings. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among stable hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This is a cross-sectional study with web-based online survey involving 401 stable hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 18 years above who were selected via quota sampling technique. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic profile, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9) and Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). The identified probable cases of depression and suicidal ideation were subsequently referred to psychiatrists. The prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation were 7.5% and 4.0% respectively. The prediction model revealed that females [aOR=5.29 (95% CI: 1.34, 20.80)], age 35-49 years old [aOR=7.47 (95% CI: 1.78, 31.30)], adopting behavioral disengagement [aOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.87)] and self-blame [(aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.30)] as coping strategies, were significant predictors of depression. The findings estimate mental health burden among COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. The establishment of continuous mental health surveillance is essential in managing cases of depression and suicidal ideation.

Background: Alloimmunization is a known complication following repeated red blood cell transfusions. However, the associated factors of RBC alloimmunization are different among blood recipient groups. This study aimed to determine the associated factors of red blood cell alloimmunization among solid cancer patients in Hospital USM. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 322 adult solid cancer patients screened for red cell alloantibodies in our centre from October 2016 until February 2019. The clinical and transfusion data were obtained from the patient’s medical record and laboratory information system (My Transfusi). The multiple logistic regression was used for analysis of potential associated factors of red blood cells alloimmunization, and p-value of less than 0.050 was considered statistically significant. Results: The patient’s mean age was 52.0 years old, with the majority were Malays (91.0%) and females (61.2%). The most common cancers were breast (32.3%) followed by gastrointestinal (16.8%) and head and neck (14.3%). The presence of metastases (adjusted OR=13.53, p=0.017), numbers of packed red cell transfusions (adjusted OR=1.12, p= 0.015), and blood group A (adjusted OR=7.45, p=0.003) were the associated factors of alloimmunization. Conclusions: Solid cancer patients with metastases, received a higher number of packed red cell transfusions, and blood group A were at higher risk for alloimmunization. Strategies to provide phenotype RBC should focus on this type of patient to prevent red blood cells alloimmunization in solid cancer patients. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 379-384

The public sector audit is a cornerstone for an effective corporate governance. However, its effectiveness largely depends on the scope of audit conducted in public sector agencies. Therefore, this paper examines scope of audit and its effects on the effectiveness of public sector audit in Malaysia. The respondents include the public sector auditors. By employing non-probability purposive sampling using 203 respondents and analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), it was discovered that the scope of audit have a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of public sector audit. The finding reveals that performance and compliance auditing is crucial in public sector. A sound regulatory mechanism in terms of rewards and punishment should be fair and clear. This is important to ensure that the internal auditors strictly address the non-performance behaviours of the government. The research topic is relatively new in Malaysian public sector. This study is therefore likely to significantly contribute to the knowledge about how scope of audit operates in a public sector agencies context that differs significantly from the contexts of private sector agencies.

Background: The misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is important to have adequate knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use and resistance for all specially the medical students who are the future healthcare practitioners. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use and resistance among 4th year students of Shaheed Monsur Ali medical college. Material Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shaheed Monsur Ali medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2022 to December 2022. A structured questionnaire was administered to 126 randomly selected undergraduate medical students. Results: In our study, the percentage of male and female was same. Majority of the participants (55.56%) always get a prescription before starting antibiotics. Most of the participants (60.32%) never stop taking the prescribed antibiotics after their symptoms improved. Majority of the participants (54.76%) sometimes completed the course of the prescribed antibiotic treatment. In our study, majority of the participants (54.76%) sometimes take the correct dose of their antibiotics at the right time for the full duration. In this study, majority of the participants (47.62%) never save the remaining antibiotics for next time they get sick. Majority of the participants (73.02%) sometimes give leftover medication to friends or family if they get sick. For cough or sore throat, majority of the participants (48.41%) sometimes prefer taking an antibiotic. Most of the participants (69.05%) never buy the same antibiotics if they are sick that helped them get better when they had the same symptoms before. Most of the participants (96.03%) always check the expiry date of the antibiotic before using it. Knowledge level of antibiotic in majority of the participants (47.62%) was very good. Knowledge level of antibiotic resistance in majority of the participants (54.76%) was very good. Attitude level of antibiotic usage in majority of the participants (34.13%) was average, followed by 32.54% had bad, 32.54% good attitude level. Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it can be concluded though the knowledge level of the medical students is adequate, they are not careful about the usage of antibiotics and often misuse it. The students tend to not follow the rules of the usage guideline of antibiotics which ultimately results in antibiotic resistance. They should be more conscious to follow the guidelines of antibiotic usage.

Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease in the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing at an alarming rate due to rapid urbanization, migration, aging population, and lifestyle changes. Introduction: We have summarized the global T2DM distribution in specific International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-defined regions and various countries and highlighted the high risk of T2DM prevalence in Asian Indians living in India and worldwide. Method: A systematic review was conducted using combinations of the following key concepts ‘T2DM’ ; ‘global distribution’ ; ‘Asian Indians’ ; ‘high risk’ and ‘prevalence’ by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles describing the global distribution of T2DM. From 430 searched articles, 54 full-text articles were reviewed to study the distribution, risk, and prevalence of diabetes in various countries. Result: As per IDF Atlas, 463 million people in 2019 have diabetes worldwide, and it is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045. The global distribution of T2DM differs from various countries to various regions. Asia is the epicenter of diabetes, where 60% of people with diabetes live, mainly in China (139.9 million) and India (65 million). South Asians are more susceptible to developing T2DM as compared to ethnic Europeans. Asian Indians living worldwide are at a high risk of developing T2DM. Those who have migrated to various countries (USA, UK, Australia, Singapore, Mauritius, New Zealand, Fiji, etc.) have a higher prevalence of T2DM than the native population and even more significant than those Indians living in India due to being more insulin resistant. Indians develop T2DM at a younger age and at a lower BMI due to genetic makeup and behavioral and environmental determinants, including diet and sedentary lifestyle and westernization. Conclusion: In conclusion, insulin levels were found to be higher not only in adults but also in adolescents and young adults. In addition, rapid urbanization, migration, industrial modernization, and lifestyle changes are other factors responsible for the develvement of T2DM.

Correction to Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7: 627-47. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug;7(8):704. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00210-2. PMID: 35809605. Background: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods: Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings: Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00-2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02-1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3-23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6-28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5-14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6-14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7-320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2-313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9-80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5-73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8-71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0-37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6-34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6-34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age

Objective: To estimate the frequency of anti-D alloantibodies in patients with weak or negative D. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Under CIP/IRB/1111 in the Blood Bank of CHUGHTAI Institute of Pathology. Period: May 2022 to October 2022. Material & Methods: Patients who booked their blood group testing at this laboratory were tested for their ABO RH blood type. The EDTA and yellow top serum samples were taken from patients. Blood group was identified using tube method. Patients with Rh-D negative blood type and weak D were included in this study. Those patients were screened for alloantibodies by screening cell (Bio-Rad), and those patients whose screening came out positive were tested for antibody identification using an extended 11cell panel (Bio-Rad). The Statistics calculator was used to determine the sample size. Software SPSS version 23 was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results: 14103 blood groups were tested. The age of patients on average was 51±22 years. The males and females were 44% and 56%, respectively. Out of n=14103, 9.5% came out Rh-negative blood type. The blood group distribution was as follows, B negative 46% O negative 23% A negative 20% AB negative 11%, and weak D 0.02% only. Total 7.1% participants with negative RH-D blood type had Rh alloantibodies detected. Patients with weak D had no Rh alloantibody. Conclusion: Blood group O RH-D negative was the most prevalent with positive anti D-alloantibodies. Prevalence of positive antibody was 7.1%.

The effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) content on the hardness of magnesium-based composites was studied. A magnesium-based composite, Mg6%Zn0.2%Mn with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), was fabricated via powder metallurgy process at room temperature and compressive pressures of 50kN for 20 minutes, which was then sintered at 500°C for 2 hours. It produced significant grain refinement microstructure. The change in microstructure was examined by 3D microscope analysis, and the hardness value was evaluated using the Vickers microhardness apparatus. This study demonstrated the importance of GNPs reinforcement with zinc and manganese for microhardness analysis in the sintered Mg-based GNPs composites. It also portrayed their influence on grain refinement of the microstructure. The hardness results agreed with the microstructure results, proving that the presence of GNPs increases the hardness of the Mg-based composites.

The study determined the factors that significantly influence the leather sector exports using extended gravity model containing real gross domestic product (RGDP) of Pakistan & trading partner, geographical distance, real exchange rate (RER) and tariff (TOIL) as explanatory variables with the selected top ten Pakistani leather exports destinations Germany, USA, Italy, Spain, U.K, Netherlands, France, Hong Kong, China, and Canada for the period 1991 to 2020. Feasible Generalized Least Square method is utilized to estimate the coefficients of the model. The empirical findings of the study indicate that RGDP of Pakistan and trade partner and RER put out significant positive effect on the leather exports of Pakistan. While, geographical distance and TOIL exercise a significant negative impact on the leather exports. It is recommended that policy makers should try to engage in more trade activities with large economies and must also essay to actively participate in regional trade

Objective - Despite much previous research on the issue, dividend policy remains an unsolved conundrum in corporate finance. By considering this, the goal of this research is to use the Generalized Method of Moments to examine dividend behaviour by identifying the key determinants of dividend policy in three different countries with different market microstructures: Singapore (developed market), Malaysia (developing market), and Saudi Arabia (emerging market). Methodology/Technique –. The study uses data from each country's top 100 listed firms from 2007 until 2016. The results suggest that different determinants influence firms’ dividend policies for the three countries. Findings - For Singapore as a developed market, profitability, and size are shown to be significantly and positively related to the dividend payout ratio, whereas leverage, business risk, and growth opportunities exert a significant negative effect. Meanwhile, for Malaysia (a developing market), only firm size is a significant and positive determinant. However, leverage and business risk are negatively and significantly associated with the dividend payout ratio. Conversely, for Saudi Arabia as an emerging market, firm size and leverage positively and negatively influence the dividend payout ratio. Novelty - Therefore, this study employed the generalized method of moments (GMM) to uncover novel discoveries. The findings should motivate analysts, policymakers, institutional investors, and investors to investigate the dividend policy conundrum, mainly for three different market segmentations. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: G32, M14. Keywords: Dividend behaviour, market microstructure, and Generalized Method of Moments. Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Shafai, N.A; Yusuf, N.H.M; Shah, N.S.B; Bulot, N. (2023). Different Market Segmentations of Dividend Policies: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis, Acc. Fin. Review, 7(4), 01 – 11. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2023.7.4(1)

The unnecessary caesarean section is common now a day. It is done due to many reasons with absolute indication, relative indication and no indication. It is possible to predict that the Sustainable Development Goals may be hampered by the overuse, unsafe provision, and unmet need of CS. All health systems must ensure that all women have timely access to caesarean sections when necessary because they are absolutely necessary to save lives in cases where vaginal deliveries would be dangerous. The study's design was cross-sectional descriptive. From October 2020 until January 2021, it was carried out. In all, 376 questionnaires were completed using secondary data from patient records in the gynecology record room of the Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital (TCTH) Lahore. The research is based on data on the most recent birth of ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 45 who have since given birth. study findings have revealed the absolute indications, relative indications and no indication. 48.2% women had absolute indications of cesarean section, 23.3% had relative indication and 28.4% cesarean section done without indications. Moreover, it also shed light on the pros and cons of unnecessary cesarean.

We introduce and study $q$-analogue of certain classes of analytic functions which are related with generalized close-to-convexity. Distortion, inclusion results and growth rate of coefficient problem are investigated for these classes. Some applications of our results are highlighted.

Mangroves can be sources of food, especially in scarce times. A community in Sungai Acheh Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang had been using several mangrove plant species as food and beverages. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (Lythraceae), Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae), Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae), A. officinalis L. (Avicenniaceae) and Acrostichum aureum (Parkeriaceae) are examples of mangrove species that have been used as food. A preliminary study has been carried out to identify the major phytochemical groups, total flavonoid content, radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity in these species. From this study, the community can develop commercial food or product with therapeutic effects by using fruits of S. caeolaris and leaves of A. aureum. This is due to their flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and low cytotoxicity effect

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or shorty IIH, refers to a clinical syndrome in which there is elevated CSF pressure and papilledema in the lack of any focal neurological signs. It is largely a diagnosis of exclusion, but imaging workup is undertaken routinely in order to rule out other pathologies. In this study we tried to evaluate the prevalence of venous sinus abnormalities using the simpler and less invasive non contrast enhanced 3D TOF MRV in group of patients with IIH, using the combined stenosis score, and compare this score with a group of controls, to assess the accuracy of MRV alone as an individual test in predicting the diagnosis of IIH. The study sample included 44 patients and 25 control subjects, following MRV analysis it was found that a combined severity score of cut of value of 4.5 for the combined conduit score (CCS) was associated with 79% sensitivity and 88.6 specificity for the diagnosis of IIH, and a cut off value of 5.5 for the adjusted score method gives a 83% sensitivity and 88.6 % specificity for the diagnosis. MRV is a valuable in the diagnosis of IIH; non contrast 3D MRV is an efficient test and gives valuable diagnostic information.

Programming is an important course for any IT or engineering-related course. However, previous research shows that students face difficulties in learning programming due to its abstract concepts. This study aims to evaluate the acceptance of a developed Integrated Development Environment (IDE), namely C-SOLVIS which is a web-based application that specifically intends to facilitate the teaching and learning of the C programming fundamentals in Malaysian tertiary education. The C-SOLVIS integrates problem-solving into a program development environment for the C language. The goal is to guide the users in problem-solving and help them write C programs based on problem-solving algorithms. The Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model was employed in the C-SOLVIS development process. Based on this model, the requirement planning phase was carried out through the triangulation technique by applying qualitative approaches comprising a literature review supported by semi-structured interviews, document reviews, and content validation by expert programming lecturers. Subsequently, the design of the application was accomplished through the iterative prototyping process which was then followed by the application construction. Then, the C-SOLVIS is deployed to be used by several programming lecturers to evaluate its usability by adopting a quantitative method using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. The study has discovered several suitable techniques and designs for the problem-solving and program development environment. For the problem-solving environment, the Computational Thinking (CT) concepts were applied which were supported by the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model through Scientific Instructions and Inquiries. Meanwhile, the program development environment was designed and developed based on frame-based programming using a set of developed Code Patterns. The C-SOLVIS evaluation using the SUS instrument has yielded a SUS mean score of 86.07. This score is interpreted by SUS as an A grade that indicates C-SOLVIS as a highly usable application and thus is accepted for C programming learning. Hence, the development process of the C-SOLVIS can be used as a guideline for educational software development, especially in the field of programming education.

The perseverance of dental implant system in restoration of occlusion is highly dependent on biomechanical overloading factors such as implant macro geometries, parafunctional oral habits, and material. Different implant materials could affect the load transfer at the bone-implant interface differently which is related to stress shielding phenomenon. To date, the role of various implant materials on the surrounding tissues as well as implant stability is still debatable and unclear especially when the implant failure is of concern. Through this study, implant body with different materials or stiffnesses that are zirconia, Ti-6Al-4V, cpTi, TiZr, and PEEK were investigated via 3-D FEA. The bone tissues were modelled based on CT image datasets and subsequently be processed in SolidWorks software. All geometries were converted into finite element models and analysed in ANSYS software. The bone and implant models were assigned with anisotropic and isotropic properties, respectively. A dynamic occlusal loading of 300 N and pretension of 20 N were applied on the implant body and screw, respectively. The results showed that the less stiff implant increased the bone stress and decreased the implant body stress values compared to the stiffer implant. Moreover, the implant with lower stiffness exhibited lower bone strain and higher implant deformation than the implant with higher stiffness. Of all implant materials analysed, PEEK is observed to be the most satisfactory. However, further modifications on PEEK would be necessary to improve inherent bioactivity and osseointegration.

A fresh split gill mushroom or locally known as cendawan kukur (Schizophyllum commune Fr.) (SC) was obtained from Terengganu, Malaysia. The SC samples were dried in an oven and extracted with several polarities of solvent such as water, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane. Then the SC extracts were tested for their scavenging activity against the DDPH radical models. The scavenging activities were calculated as a percentage of DDPH radicals discolouration and measured as scavenging activities of the S. commune extracts. The finding observed the highest scavenging activities resulted from SC-H2O (85.40%), followed by SC-ethanol (54.91%), SC-dichloromethane (0.46%) extracts and no observation of scavenging activities showed by a non-polar extract (SCHexane). In this finding, the scavenging activity of SC-H2O extract against DDPH radicals was found more potent at 85.40% and it showed the highest activities as compared to the other SC-DCM and SC-EtOH extracts. In the next observation, the scavenging activities of the single SC-water extract against free radical DDPH were observed for another 30 mins by an interval of 5 mins increment after the incubation time. As a result, the scavenging activities of SC-H2O extract against DDPH free radicals maintained its activities between 85.40-85.76% within 30 mins. These observed that the SC-H2O extracts presented a highly potent antioxidant as compared to other SC extracts in this model. Finally, an additional HPTLC method was used as a preliminary observation of the SC extract separation profiles. The result of SC water extracts (polar extract) observed the same Rf value (0.25) of the unknown compound as compared to the SC-EtOH and SCDCM extracts, and this spot compound was not observed in the non-polar extract of SCHexane. The polar and mid-polar extractable materials were more abundant in TLC separations and are related to the % TSS and strength of the mushroom aroma in the extracts. These preliminary studies will be continued for the S. commune phytochemicals discovery and the development of a new product of S. commune flavour extracts.

In this paper, we introduce some new classes of exponentially variational inclusions. Several important special cases are obtained as applications. Using the resolvent operator, it is shown that the exponentially variational inclusions are equivalent to the fixed point problem. This alternative formulation is used to suggest and investigate a wide call of iterative schemes for solving the variational inclusions. Dynamical systems is used to study asymptotic stability of the solution. We study the convergence analysis for proposed iterative methods. Sensitivity analysis is also considered. Our results represent a significant improvement over the existing ones. As special cases, we obtain some new and old results for solving exponentially variational inclusions and related optimization problems.

Introduction: Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that usually presents with prominent arthralgia. An outbreak of chikungunya fever was reported in Tanjung Sepat, Malaysia in 2019. The outbreak was limited in size with a low number of cases being reported. The present study sought to determine the possible variables that could have affected the transmission of the infection. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 149 healthy adult volunteers from Tanjung Sepat was performed soon after the outbreak had subsided. All the participants donated blood samples and completed the questionnaires. Laboratory detection of anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies was performed using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). Risk factors associated with chikungunya seropositivity were determined using logistic regression. Results: The majority (72.5%, n = 108) of the study participants tested positive for CHIKV antibodies. Only 8.3% (n = 9) of the participants out of all the seropositive volunteers had an asymptomatic infection. Participants who resided with a febrile (p < 0.05, Exp(B) = 2.2, confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.6) or a CHIKV-diagnosed person (p < 0.05, Exp(B) = 2.1, CI 1.2-3.6) in the same household were found likely to be tested positive for CHIKV antibodies. Conclusions: Findings from the study support that asymptomatic CHIKV infections and indoor transmission occurred during the outbreak. Hence, widespread community testing and indoor use of mosquito repellent are among the possible measures that can be implemented to reduce CHIKV transmission during an outbreak.

Along with today's rapid technological developments, the application of information systems to support business processes will be beneficial in operational activities within an institution. To be able to manage payment transactions for Education Development Contributions (SPP) better, it is necessary to build an Information System that can help manage data and transactions to be optimal. Therefore we need a payment information system that can facilitate SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya in dealing with the payment of tuition fees that are not yet optimal. In this study, a tuition payment information system was created that could be used for recording tuition data, cash, and non-cash payments, as well as informing parents/guardians of students about tuition payments and invoices. This study uses the Waterfall software development method which has stages of analysis, design, program code generation, testing, and maintenance. Non-cash payments and Whatsapp message delivery on applications use features on Midtrans and Whatsapp API. Unit testing is carried out using the Blackbox method. Based on the results of the research, it was found that this tuition payment information system could facilitate the school and students. The SPP Payment Information System is used as a means of managing SPP payment data for schools, non-cash SPP payments for parents, and information on SPP payments for both.

Introduction: Advancement in digital technology opens new doors for food safety auditors when it comes to performing food safety audits. Surge of Covid cases since year 2020 has seen an unprecedented switch to remote auditing by the Food Safety and Quality Programme under the arm of Ministry of Health in Malaysia. Methods: This paper presents the use of QGIS, an open-source cross-platform for geographic information system (GIS) to store, manage and visualise 2 types of data, i.e. real time data collected via a mobile device using QField, an open-source mobile application and also fixed data retrieved from existing database. New data from obtained from field sampling and surveillance presents updated information for food safety auditing and enforcement purposes. A total of 4972 datasets were obtained from the Ministry of Health’s Food Safety and Quality Division database on food factories from all 13 states and 3 federal territories in Malaysia. These datasets were transformed and stored into QGIS point layer for performing data classification analysis on clustering of HACCP, GMP and MeSTI certifications. Results: The Penang state has the most HACCP certified companies in fish and fish product category, Selangor is the highest for confectionery industry and Sabah for food services. The general output of mobile GIS provides a big picture of distribution of food safety certifications in Malaysia while more specific adoption of QField can assist in effective field work planning for enforcement officers and auditors leading to cost calculation via information on location, distance and time. Conclusion: QGIS application for spatial and temporal visualisation of data benefits the food safety auditing in Malaysia.

In this article, we introduce the notion of $ _{a}{\bar{T}}_{p,q} $-integrals. Using the definition of $ _{a}{\bar{T}}_{p,q} $-integrals, we derive some new post quantum analogues of some classical results of Young's inequality, Hölder's inequality, Minkowski's inequality, Ostrowski's inequality and Hermite-Hadamard's inequality.

The main objective of this paper is to extend the notion of harmonic convex functions for three variables. Some associated Hermite-Hadamard type of integral inequalities are also obtained.

In this paper, we define and introduce some new concepts of the higher order strongly general biconvex functions involving the arbitrary bifunction and a function. Some new relationships among various concepts of higher order strongly general biconvex functions have been established. It is shown that the new parallelogram laws for Banach spaces can be obtained as applications of higher order strongly affine general biconvex functions, which is itself an novel application. It is proved that the optimality conditions of the higher order strongly general biconvex functions are characterized by a class of variational inequalities, which is called the higher order strongly general bivariational inequality. Auxiliary principle technique is used to suggest an implicit method for solving strongly general bivariational inequalities. Convergence analysis of the proposed method is investigated using the pseudo-monotonicity of the operator. Some special cases also discussed. Results obtained in this paper can be viewed as refinement and improvement of previously known results.

Background: For almost three decades, computed tomography (CT) has been extensively used in medical diagnosis which led researchers to conduct linking of CT dose exposure with image quality Methods: In this study, a systematic review and a meta-analysis study were conducted on CT phantom for resolution study especially based on the low contrast detectability (LCD). Furthermore, the association between the CT parameter such as tube voltage and the type of reconstruction algorithm and amount of phantom scanning in affecting the image quality and the exposure dose were also investigated in this study. We utilize PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus databases to search related published articles from year 2011 until 2020. The notable keyword comprises of “computed tomography”, “CT phantom”, “low contrast detectability”. Of 52 articles, 20 articles is within the inclusion criteria in this systematic review. Results: The dichotomous outcomes were chosen to represent the results in terms of risk ratio as per meta-analysis study. Notably, the noise in iterative reconstruction (IR) reduced by 24%,33% and 36% with the use of smooth, medium and sharp filters, respectively. Furthermore, adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR 3D) improved image quality and the visibility of smaller less dense objects compared to filtered back-projection. Most of the researchers used 120 kVp tube voltage to scan phantom for quality assurance study. Conclusion: Hence, the optimization of primary factor such as tube potential reduce the dose exposure significantly and with the optimize IR technique could substantially reduce the radiation dose whilst maintaining the image quality.

Background: Pandemic of COVID-19 has gathered up the surrounding respiratory diseases such as asthma. The need to combat asthma is an unanswerable question nowadays and about 20-30% of people are getting into the trap of asthma. Objectives: The mechanistic involvement of GPCR receptors in the protuberant signaling pathway such as Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1 receptor) acts as a projected entry that needs to be inhibited for the prohibition of asthma. Methods: Exaggerative G-proteins of NPSR1 receptors are exposed as a target through GPCR modeling to point drug targeting. Three Drug-Drug Conjugates (DDCs) are designed through the combination of nine chemical compounds through methylene bridges and selection was done based on docking energy and ADMET profiling. Designation of three Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates (MACs) is expedited using single monoclonal antibodies, linked through EAAAK linkers and the best conjugate was valued based on docking energy, allergenicity, toxicity, and surface accessibility leading towards cloning and expression. Results: The best Drug-Drug Conjugate was Fluoroquinolone and 1-Indanone conjugate which possessed -7.7 Kcal/mol docking energy, lipophilicity 6.41, water solubility 1.19e-09 mg/ml, and pharmacokinetics -8.31 cm/s, indicating it to act as best drug candidate. The best Monoclonal Antibody Conjugate was Ustekinumab and Belimumab conjugate which retained -383.1 Kcal/mol docking energy, computed as non-allergen and nontoxic. Conclusion:: The use of MACs and DDCs may prove an effective treatment for lethal diseases like asthma and the future exertion will support the in vitro synthesis delivered in this study of conjugation against bronchial diseases.

Menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) is recommended for the management of menopause symptoms. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) placebo-controlled randomised study examined the effects of continuous combined or estrogen-only MHT on the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in post-menopausal women. The study was terminated prematurely after an interim analysis showed an increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis, which led to a rapid decrease in MHT use worldwide. Subsequently, limitations of the study design and its interpretation in the context of other clinical studies has contributed to a more nuanced appreciation of the risk-benefit profile of differing MHT regimens regarding risk associated with the class of progestogen prescribed, its pattern of prescription, duration of use and timing of initiation related to menopause onset. This review provides a contextual interpretation of the WHI placebo-controlled study and evaluates the impact of bioidentical MHT, with a focus on combined therapies containing micronised progesterone, on the risk of chronic NCDs in post-menopausal women.