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This study revises the collisional growth in a double-moment bulk cloud microphysics implemented in the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). In particular, simplified formulation of ice terminal velocities is found to cause severe errors in the collisional growth term. The revised cloud microphysical processes are tested by 10-day global simulations with a horizontal resolution of 14 km.It is found that both the aggregation of cloud ice with smaller diameters and the graupel production by riming are overestimated in current schemes. A new method that numerically integrates the collection kernel solves this issue, and consequently, the lifetime of cloud ice is reasonably extended. In addition, the results indicate that a reduction in graupel modulates the convective intensity, particularly in intense rainfall systems. The new version of the cloud microphysics scheme successfully improves outgoing longwave radiation, particularly over the intertropical convergence zone, in reference to satellite observations. Thus, the revision is beneficial for both long-term climate simulations and severe disaster prediction., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

To have a fully ab initio description of the Moir�� pattern in a transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayer, we have carried out density functional theory calculations, taking accounts of both atomic registry in and the lattice corrugation out of the monolayers, on a MoTe2(9*9)/MoS2(10*10) system which has a moderate size of superlattice larger than an exciton yet not large enough to justify a continuum model treatment. We find that the local potential in the midplane of the bilayer displays a conspicuous Moir�� pattern. It further leads us to reveal that the variation of the average local potential near Mo atoms in both MoTe2 and MoS2 layers make intralayer Moir�� potentials. They are the result of mutual modulation and correlate directly with the spatial variation of the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. The interlayer Moir�� potential, defined as the difference between the two intralayer Moir�� potentials, has a depth of 0.11 eV and changes roughly in proportion to the band gap variation in the Moir�� cell, which has an amplitude of 0.04 eV. We find the lattice corrugation is significant in both MoTe2 (0.30��) and MoS2 (0.77��) layers, yet its effect on the electronic properties is marginal. The wrinkling of the MoTe2/MoS2 bilayer enhances the spatial variation of the local band gap by 5 meV, while its influence on the global band gap is within 1 meV. A simple intralayer band-coupling model is proposed to understand the correlation of Moir�� potential and spatial variation of the band gap., 26 pages, 14 figures

Background: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has been delivered to more than 20,000 patients worldwide. International trials have been recommended in order to emphasize the actual benefits. The ULICE program (Union of Light Ion Centers in Europe) addressed the need for harmonization of CIRT practices. A comparative knowledge of the sources and magnitudes of uncertainties altering dose distribution and clinical effects during the whole CIRT procedure is required in that aim.Methods: As part of ULICE WP2 task group, we sent a centrally reviewed questionnaire exploring candidate sources of uncertainties in dose deposition to the ten CIRT facilities in operation by February 2017. We aimed to explore native beam characterization, immobilization, anatomic data acquisition, target volumes and organs at risks delineation, treatment planning, dose delivery, quality assurance prior and during treatment. The responders had to consider the clinical case of a clival chordoma eligible for postoperative CIRT according to their clinical practice. With the results, our task group discussed ways to harmonize CIRT practices.Results: We received 5 surveys from facilities that have treated 77% of the patients worldwide per November 2017. We pointed out the singularity of the facilities and beam delivery systems, a divergent definition of target volumes, the multiplicity of TPS and equieffective dose calculation approximations.Conclusion: Multiple uncertainties affect equieffective dose definition, deposition and calculation in CIRT. Although it is not possible to harmonize all the steps of the CIRT planning between the centers, our working group proposed counter-measures addressing the improvable limitations.

Objective: A study was conducted to assess the bioequivalence of two limaprost alfadex 5 μg tablets, a moisture-resistant tablet (dextran formulation) and a standard tablet (lactose formulation). Materials and methods: The clinical investigation was designed as a randomized, open-labeled, two-part, two-treatment, two-period crossover study, in 120 healthy male volunteers. One tablet of either formulation was administered with 200 ml of water after 10-hour overnight fast. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 6 hours. Plasma harvested from blood was analyzed for limaprost by a validated LC/MS/MS method. The peak plasma concentration (C max ) values and time associated with the maximal concentration (t max ) were obtained from the observed data. The elimination rate constant (λz) was obtained as the slope of the linear regression of the log-transformed concentration values vs. time data in the terminal phase, and the elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) was calculated as 0.693/λz. The area under the curve to the last measurable point (AUC 0-t ) was estimated by the linear trapezoidal rule. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out using log-transformed AUC 0-t , AUC 0-∞ and C max and untransformed t max , and 90% confidence intervals for AUC 0-t and C max were calculated. If the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for both AUC 0-t and C max fell fully within the interval 80 - 125%, the bioequivalence of the two formulations was established. Results: The means of AUC 0-t were 0.779 vs. 0.754 pg × h/ml (test vs. reference), and the means of the C max were 1.26 vs. 1.12 pg/ml (test vs. reference). The geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to reference formulation for AUC 0-t and C max were 104.0 and 112.4%, respectively, and the 90% Cl for AUC 0-t and C max were 100.7- 107.4% and 105.6 - 119.6%, respectively. Both 90% Cl for AUC 0-t and C max fell within the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan accepted bioequivalence range of 80 - 125%. Conclusions: Based on the results, the moisture-resistant tablet was determined to be bioequivalent to the standard tablet.

The Heartstring is one of the devices that enable proximal anastomosis without clamping the aorta. We have applied the device not only to low-risk patients with normal aortas but also to high-risk patients with diseased aortas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial outcomes of using this device.The Heartstring was used on 87 patients between January and December 2004. The patients comprised 62 men and 25 women 48-86 years old (mean 68.4 +/- 8.4 years). The ascending aorta was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scanning before surgery. If a patient's aorta was severely calcified, epiaortic echocardiography was performed. The aortas were ranked into four grades, and the preoperative patient's status were evaluated by the EuroSCORE. Angiography was performed on the third postoperative day.CT scanning revealed that 74 patients had no calcification in the ascending aorta, 10 patients had scattered calcification, and 3 patients had plate-like calcification. The EuroSCORE was 6.86 +/- 1.03. We performed 93 proximal anastomoses and 149 distal anastomoses. The average distal anastomosis was 1.6 +/- 0.6 sites per graft. Of the distal anastomoses, 74.2% were to the circumflex artery territory. Postoperative coronary angiography revealed that all grafts were patent.The Heartstring facilitates safe proximal anastomosis, even in high-risk patients. Their short-term outcome was good. The device assists in bypassing circumflex artery territory. Long-term follow-up is necessary.

This paper describes the deposition of PZT/oxide electrode thin film capacitors on Si(100) substrate with a CSD (Chemical Solution Deposition). Highly (100)&(001)-oriented SRO/LNO electrode films with a perovskite structure were obtained by the annealing at 700 °C from a precursor solution of Sr and RuCl3·2H2O for SRO and from a precursor solution of La(NO3)3 and Ni(CH3COO)2 for LNO. In addition, highly (100)&(001)-oriented PZT/oxide electrode capacitor were deposited on SRO/LNO/Si substrate by annealing at 650 °C, showing a good ferroelectricity of Pr=22μC/cm2 and Ec=55 kV/cm. In addition, the resultant PZT/oxide electrode thin film capacitors exhibited no fatigue up to 108 switching cycles.

Budd-Chiari症候群は肝静脈3主幹あるいは肝部下大静脈の閉塞ないし狭窄を示す疾患である.治療にっいては内科的治療,カテーテル治療,外科的治療があるが,選択については議論のあるところである.今回われわれは下大静脈の膜性狭窄 (web) によるBudd-Chiari症候群に対して低体温併用脳分離体外循環,循環停止法を用いて根治術を行った1例を経験したので報告する.症例は31歳,女性で下大静脈の膜性狭窄によるBudd-Chiari症候群であった.手術は低体温併用脳分離体外循環,循環停止法を用いて経右房的に下大静脈内のwebを切除した.以上の方法により良好な無血術野が得られ, webの遺残もなく根治性の高い治療ができた.

Room-temperature adsorption of Si atoms on a hydrogen-terminated Si(001)-2 ×1 surface is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and first-principles total-energy calculations. We find that a Si atom adsorbs at the metastable bridge site of a Si dimer forming a SiH 2 cluster at room temperature. Although Si adatom has a kinetic energy sufficient to overcome the activation energy at the moment of adsorption, the reaction path to the most stable off-centered inter-bridge site is narrow and the energy dissipation takes place before the transition. The ground-state adsorption is achieved by an annealing of the sample at 520 K.

Senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is reported to be less frequent in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. However the, the number of elderly people in still increasing in Japan, an is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, especially in middle-aged and elderly people. Thus, we can expect to encounter more elderly people with diabetes and SDAT. We encountered three patients with diabetes who were treated with insulin and in whom SDAT developed. In all three, control of blood glucose levels gradually worsened, despite increases in the dose of injected insulin. It was later found that they did not inject insulin properly because of SDAT. They lived alone and their dementia was not diagnosed before their admission to the hospital. In its early phase, SDAT can be difficult to diagnose, especially in patients who live alone. SDAT should be considered when the control of blood glucose levels for no apparent reason in elderly patients with diabetes.

We report a case of cardiac myxoma of the aortic valve. To our knowledge, this represents only the seventh such case ever documented. A 61-year-old woman underwent an echocardiography to screen for hypertensive-diabetic cardiac complications, which showed a mass on her aortic valve. Although she had not experienced a fever, the mass closely resembled a vegetation, resulting in an initial diagnosis of infective endocarditis. We extirpated the mass and repaired the aortic valve with the patient under cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination confirmed that the mass was a myxoma.

症例は57歳, 男性, 1973年下壁心筋梗塞発症. 1974年他病院にて右冠動脈にSVGを用いて一枝バイパス施行されており, 1991年より狭心痛再発. 1993年胸部X線写真にて胸部大動脈瘤 (TAA) も指摘され, CAGにてSVG閉塞, LAD#7, 100%閉塞, 左室壁運動は全体的に低下し, EF=38%, 大動脈造影にて弓部以下に紡錘型大動脈瘤を認めた. 1993年11月5日にLADとD1に sequential LITAと4AVにGEAを用いて再冠動脈バイパス術を施行した. その術後約1か月目にTAA切除兼人工血管置換術施行. 2回目の手術後, 乳び胸の合併をみるも順調に回復した. 術後造影の結果LITA, GEAは良好に開存し, 人工血管吻合部も異常を認めなかった.

The magnetically ordered states of the A-site ordered perovskite manganites LaBaMn2O6 and YBaMn2O6 have been investigated by muon spin relaxation in zero external magnetic field. Our data reveal striking differences in the nature of the magnetically ordered state of these materials. For LaBaMn2O6, the muSR time-spectra in the ferromagnetic state below ~ 330 K reveal a strongly inhomogeneous phase, reminiscent of a Griffiths phase. Within this magnetically inhomogeneous phase, an antiferromagnetic state develops below 150 K, which displays well defined static internal magnetic fields, but reaches only 30% of the volume fraction at low temperatures. A broad distribution of muSR relaxation rates is inferred down to the lowest temperatures. This behavior is similar to the A-site disordered La0.5Ba0.5MnO3. On the other hand, for YBaMn2O6, the muSR time spectra for both (i) the charge and orbital ordered and (ii) the paramagnetic phases reveal rather homogeneous states, namely, an exponential relaxation in the paramagnetic state and well defined muon spin oscillation in the antiferromagnetic state.

A 36-year-old man suffering from exertional dyspnea was admitted to our hospital. An echocardiogram showed a left atrial tumor, which was excised via the left atrial approach. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed that it was a myxosarcoma. Twelve months after the surgery, the tumor recurred in the left atrium, and metastatic tumors were found in the right atrium and right ventricle. Surgery was performed once again, but examinations 5 months after the second surgery showed local recurrences and multiple metastases. Although the patient had received chemotherapy, he died 30 months after the first operation.

A rare case of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) with mitral regurgitation (MR) is reported, which developed over 7 years from nonobstructive HC in an elderly woman. Systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet was the most likely cause of the outflow obstruction and mitral valve replacement combined with septal myectomy resulted in complete abolition of the outflow tract gradient and MR.

A 19-year-old man with a double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) and an associated ventricular septal defect was admitted to the hospital for surgical correction. Preoperative study of myocardial perfusion with Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT depicted the two chambers of the right ventricle. There was a substantial differential in the radioactive uptake between these two chambers. The inflow and outflow chambers with different peak-pressures (94 and 18 mm Hg) showed different uptakes reflecting the pressure difference, which was intense in the inflow chamber and weak in the outflow.

Plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) is a marker of the diabetic state and also reflects the glycosuria induced by hyperglycemia but not by renal pathology. To investigate the benefits of the AG determination in order to diagnose diabetes in BB/Wor/(/)Tky rats, AG was measured in non-diabetic (n = 104) and diabetic (n = 113) BB/Wor/(/)Tky rats. AG was significantly higher in non-diabetic rats than in diabetic rats (25.2 +/- 9.3 vs 4.1 +/- 7.4 micrograms/ ml, mean +/- SD, p < 0.001). The best cut-off level for AG (8.5 micrograms/ml) was highly specific (100%) for ruling out diabetes and fairly sensitive (82.3%) to detect diabetes. Based on the AG cut-off levels, 90% of false-negative diabetic rats (18/20) were observed within 4 days after the onset of diabetes, which corresponded to 38.3% in diabetic rats (18/47) at that time. The false-negative diabetic rats and positive rats could be effectively distinguished based on the cumulative points given according to the urinary glucose after the onset of diabetes. 1 point for each cross [+] indicating glycosuria using the Testape, i.e. 2 or less points false negative and 4 or more points for diabetic rats in the first 4 days. In conclusion, there is a close inverse relation between the level of plasma AG and the amount of glycosuria detected just after the onset of overt diabetes in BB/Wor/(/)Tky rats.

A 44-year-old man, unaffected by Marfan's syndrome, had previously undergone thoracoabdominal replacement for a chronic, type B dissecting aneurysm. Reconstruction of the visceral arteries was performed using an island technique. However, approximately 3 years after the operation, the reconstructed part of the aorta containing the visceral arteries became dilated and an aneurysm formed. We have succeeded both in repairing the aneurysms and "re-reconstructing" the visceral arteries using a branched graft. We conclude that the technique of separate revascularization is worth considering from the beginning, even if the patient does not present with Marfan's syndrome.

A novel tumor vaccine consisting of autologous formalin-fixed tumor fragments, cytokine-encapsulated microparticles, and an adjuvant was developed. Although mice experiments revealed mild efficacy, vaccination in a Phase I/IIa clinical trial of patients after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma resulted in significantly longer time before the first recurrence with no problematic adverse effect, than compared to historical control patients operated in the same department. In the followed academic Phase IIb randomized clinical trial, the vaccination significantly improved the recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates in a median follow-up of 15 months. The vaccine will be promising against recurrence of many types of human cancers after resection.

$^{139}$La- and $^{55}$Mn-NMR spectra demonstrate that the ground state of the A-site ordered perovskite manganite LaBaMn$_2$O$_6$ is a spatial mixture of the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFI(CE)) regions, which are assigned to the metallic and the insulating charge ordered state, respectively. This exotic coexisting state appears below 200 K via a first-order-like formation of the AFI(CE) state inside the FM one. Mn spin-spin relaxation rate indicates that the FM region coexisting with the AFI(CE) one in LaBaMn$_2$O$_6$ is identical to the bulk FM phase of the disordered form La$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ in spite of the absence of A-site disorder. This suggests mesoscopic rather than nanoscopic nature of FM region in LaBaMn$_2$O$_6$\@., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

Primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma is rare tumor and its prognosis is quite poor due to its late presentation and difficulty of complete resection. We describe a rare case of primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma in a 46-year-old female with incomplete endocardial cushion defect (ECD). Incidentally, we found 2 masses in the pericardial spaces after pericardiectomy. We have successfully removed these 2 masses en bloc and performed a total repair of incomplete ECD. Pathologically, these masses were a primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma. This patient is doing well 4 months after surgery without any evidence of recurrence despite reported poor prognosis of "primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma".

We performed high accuracy 63Cu NQR spin-lattice relaxation and SQUID magnetization measurements on 16O and 18O exchanged YBa2Cu4O8 to determine the isotope shift of the temperature of the opening of the spin gap, T*, and the superconducting transition temperature, Tc. The corresponding isotope exponents are αT = 0.061(8) and αT, = 0.056(12) which are the same within the error bars and suggest a common origin for the superconducting and the spin gap.

We report a neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation µSR study of static and dynamical magnetic properties of BaCo2 V2 O8 a quasi one dimensional spin chain system. A proposed model for the antiferromagnetic structure includes: a propagation vector k?AF = (001) independent of external magnetic fields for fields below a critical value Hc (T ). The ordered moments of 2.18 µB per Co ion are aligned along the crystallographic c axis. Within the screw chains along the c axis the moments are arranged antiferromagnetically. In the basal planes the spins are arranged ferromagnetically (forming zigzag paths) along one of the axes and antiferromagnetically along the other. The temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization is consistent with the expectations of the three dimensional (3D) Ising model. A similar behavior is observed for the internal static fields at different muon stopping sites. Muon time spectra measured at weak longitudinal fields and temperatures much higher than TN can be well described using a single muon site with an exponential muon spin relaxation that gradually changes into an stretched exponential on approaching TN . The temperature induced changes of the relaxation suggest that the Co fluctuations dramatically slow down and the system becomes less homogeneous as it approaches the antiferromagnetic state.

High-resolution three-headed single photon emission computed tomography (SPET) equipped with fan-beam collimators was applied to myocardial perfusion imaging in infants aged from 1 to 11 months (n = 5). A tabletop designed specifically for infants was fixed on the SPET couch to reduce the radius of camera rotation to 13.2 cm. Significant improvement in resolution was achieved with the fan-beam collimators compared to parallel-hole high-resolution collimators. With the administration of approximately 37 MBq (26-44 MBq) 201Tl, 5 min acquisition time was possible for SPET imaging, which provided good image quality in all patients. Thus, a smaller administration dose is possible within a practical short acquisition time. High-resolution fan-beam SPET imaging can be a routine diagnostic method for heart disease in newborn babies and infants.

We have studied the water permeability through membranes, the function of the Na pump, and glucose metabolism of erythrocytes of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MyD) using 1H--, 23Na, and 13C-NMR techniques. A significant decrease in water permeability was recognized in the MyD erythrocyte membrane, and impaired Na pumping was suspected to be correlated with the former biochemical abnormalities in band III protein of MyD erythrocyte membrane. Significant acceleration of glycolysis in the erythrocyte for the first 160 minutes was also recognized in MyD; however, the production of lactate showed no difference between MyD and controls. The increased glucose uptake in MyD may be compensatory to the diminished pumping mechanism, but further information, such as inorganic phosphate permeability and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of erythrocyte glycolysis, is needed.

Silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNORs) were counted in a variety of bone tumors. In osteosarcomas, the number of AgNORs was also quantified before and after chemotherapy. Malignant bone tumor cells possessed more than five small AgNORs (5.85 +/- 1.39). Nuclei of benign bone tumor cells had less than three (2.61 +/- 0.51). A significant difference in the number of AgNORs between osteosarcomas before chemotherapy (6.10 +/- 1.22) and after chemotherapy (4.20 +/- 1.07) was observed. (p less than 0.001). The number of AgNORs in osteosarcoma patients with better prognoses was smaller than that of osteosarcoma patients showing poor prognoses, but without significant difference. The results of the present study indicate that the AgNOR count might help in determining malignancy, evaluating the effect of chemotherapy, and deciding the prognosis.

As of the end of October 1984, 554 patients had been operated on for ischemic heart disease in our institution. Among them, 526 underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting for angina pectoris. The operative mortality of the coronary bypass operation has recently decreased to less than 2% with the refinement of the surgical technique, such as improved myocardial protection, complete revascularization with sequential bypass, nitroglycerin and IABP application etc. The techniques now used for bypass sergery are as follows; 1) extracorporeal circulation with ascending aortic cannulation for arterial perfusion and a single cannula for venous drainage, and left ventricular venting via the right superior pulmonary vein. 2) cold cardioplegia, Ca antagonist and topical cooling for myocardial protection, 3) aortic cross-clamping, 4) distal bypass anstomosis using running 6-0 prolene suture with a mangification lens, 5) declamping the aorta, 6) proximal bypass anastomosis using running 5-0 prolene suture over a partially occluding aortic clamp while rewarming the heart and then heart beating. Surgical indications and techniques of aortocoronary bypass grafting now employed are reported.

A case of adrenoleukodystrophy showing neurological features of olivopontocerebellar atrophy is described. A CT scan demonstrated marked atrophy in both cerebellum and pons. ACTH stimulation produced no rise in the plasma cortisol level but a significant rise in the plasma aldosterone level. The ratios of C26:0 to C22:0 in fatty acids of sphingomyelin from erythrocyte membrane and plasma were increased.

A family with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is reported, whose female carriers showed severe neurological and biochemical abnormalities. Cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions were found in endoneurial cells of the biopsied sural nerve of a male patient. In spite of the peripheral nervous system involvement in patients with AMN, there have been few reports of these inclusions in the peripheral nerves of such cases.

Publisher Summary Physiological and pathological significance of glucagon has been evidenced for several years. Glucagon is believed to be responsible for the physiological responses to energy need such as fasting and physical exercise. Glucagon plays a part in the metabolic aspects of temperature acclimation in concert with other humoral factors such as catecholamines, thyroid, and adrenocortical hormones that have been shown to be involved in temperature acclimation. This chapter describes an experiment involving a few cold-acclimated rats, in which plasma glucagon level significantly increased at the early stage of acclimation at 2 weeks, but it returned to the control value with the development of cold acclimation. As for the heat-acclimated rats, the plasma glucagon level was reduced and remained low throughout the acclimation period for 4 weeks. The blood free fatty acid (FFA) level also exhibited the corresponding changes to those observed in plasma glucagon, and there was a positive correlation between plasma glucagon and blood FFA levels.

This paper describes the design of a backchannel feedback corpus and its evaluation, aiming at realizing in-car spoken dialogue systems with high responsiveness. We constructed our corpus by annotating the existing in-car spoken dialogue data with back-channel feedback timing information in an off-line environment. Our corpus can be practically used in developing dialogue systems which can provide verbal back-channel feedbacks. As the results of our evaluation, we confirmed that our proposed design enabled the construction of back-channel feedback corpora with high coherency and naturalness., W10;4335

Molecular analysis of isolated single cells is a powerful tool for analyzing heterogeneity within a population of cells and for clarifying issues of cell origin and clonality. Current techniques are limited by the availability of suitable fresh tissue. To broaden the applicability of molecular techniques at single-cell level, we have developed an approach that uses routinely processed archival tissue. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement was analyzed in large tumor cells from four cases of diffuse large cell B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in small reactive T and B lymphocytes from three cases of lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease. One case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA (EBER)-positive angiocentric pulmonary T-cell lymphoma was assayed for the presence of the BamHI-W multiple-copy fragment of the EBV genome. T- and B-lymphoid cells were immunostained with anti-CD3 and CD20, respectively. The tissue sections from the EBER-positive T-cell lymphoma were stained by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Single cells were mobilized after proteolytic treatment under an inverted microscope using a hydraulic micromanipulator at a magnification of 400 x. Isolated cells were aspirated into a micropipette fixed to a second micromanipulator and transferred into a PCR tube. The IgH complementarity determining region (CDR)3 was successfully amplified in 17 of 52 (33%) small B-lymphocytes from lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease using a previously reported semi-nested PCR method, and the products from each case differed in size as expected of a polyclonal population. None of the 49 small T lymphocytes demonstrated any amplifiable IgH CDR3 products, indicating no significant cellular contamination. The IgH CDR3 sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated a clonal relationship among harvested cells. In the T-cell lymphoma case, the harvested EBER-positive cells were amplifiable for the multiple-copy fragment BamHI-W of the EBV genome. Our study indicates that single-cell analysis can be performed on paraffin-embedded archival tissue after being subjected to immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization procedures.