Search

Актуальность. Одними из основных задач при прогнозировании геологического разреза являются задачи определения типа разреза и картирование типов по изучаемой площади, а также оценки поглощающих и дисперсионных свойств геологических сред. Для решения данных задач в настоящее время широко применяются специализированные программно-алгоритмические комплексы обработки и интерпретации сейсмических материалов. В большинстве современных комплексов для прогноза геологического разреза используется информация, извлекаемая из кинематических и динамических характеристик сейсмических волн. На основе полученной информации и данных о геофизическом исследовании скважин формируются представления о вещественном составе осадков, наличии продуктивных толщ на исследуемой площади. Такой подход позволил в ряде регионов России, в том числе в Западной Сибири, получить интересные и важные результаты, связанные с обнаружением продуктивных осадочных толщ и оценкой их нефтегазоносности, что было подтверждено практикой. В тоже время результаты практической деятельности показали, что при проведении исследований многих площадей присутствуют области, где процент выделения ложных аномалий геологических сред и принятия ошибочных решений при прогнозе еще достаточно велик. Это связано в том числе с тем, что при анализе регистрируемого сейсмического поля для прогноза геологического разреза используются в основном энергетические характеристики отраженных волн, а изменения фазовых спектров практически не учитываются. Таким образом, комплексное использование характеристик отраженных сейсмических волн (амплитудных и фазовых) при прогнозе геологического разреза является весьма актуальной задачей. Цель: на основе метода фазочастотной деконволюции провести фазоэнергетический анализ для различных моделей сейсмических полей для прогноза геологического разреза. Методы: вычислительный эксперимент, обратная фильтрация, дискретное преобразование Фурье. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм фазоэнергетического анализа сейсмических волн, в основу которого положены результаты фазочастотной деконволюции. Проведены исследования алгоритма на различных моделях геологических сред, построены фазоэнергетические разрезы, позволяющие выделять зоны с аномально низкими значениями энергии для последующей диагностики нефтегазоносности. Приведен пример построения фазоэнергетического разреза по реальным данным в интервале верхнеюрских отложений. Relevance. One of the main tasks in predicting a geological section is the task of determining the type of the section and mapping types over the area under study, as well as assessing the absorbing and dispersive properties of geological media. To solve these problems, specialized software-algorithmic complexes for processing and interpreting seismic data are currently widely used. In most modern complexes for forecasting a geological section, the information extracted from the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of seismic waves is used. Based on the information received and the data on the geophysical survey of wells, ideas are formed about the material composition of sediments, the presence of productive strata in the study area. This approach made it possible in a number of regions of Russia, including Western Siberia, to obtain interesting and important results related to the discovery of productive sedimentary strata and the assessment of their oil and gas content, which was confirmed by practice. At the same time, the results of practical activities have shown that when conducting studies of many areas, there are areas where the percentage of identifying false anomalies in geological environments and making erroneous decisions in the forecast is still quite large. This is due, among other things, to the fact that in the analysis of the recorded seismic field, for predicting geological section, the energy characteristics of the reflected waves are mainly used, and changes in the phase spectra are practically not taken into account. Thus, the integrated use of the characteristics of reflected seismic waves (amplitude and phase) in the prediction of a geological section is a very urgent task. The aim of the work is to carry out phase-energy analysis for various models of seismic fields based on the method of phase-frequency deconvolution for predicting the geological section. Methods: computational experiment, inverse filtering, discrete Fourier transform. Results. The authors developed the algorithm for phase-energy analysis of seismic waves, which is based on the results of phasefrequency deconvolution. The algorithm was studied on various models of geological environments, and phase-energy sections were constructed, which make it possible to identify zones with anomalously low energy values for subsequent oil and gas potential diagnostics. The paper introduces the example of constructing a phase-energy section based on real data in the interval of Upper Jurassic deposits.

Многоматричная модель может быть построена путем выбора двух составляющих: вложенного графа и подынтегральной функции, т. е. тау-функции. В контексте приложения к многоматричным интегралам простейшая нетривиальная тау-функция цепочки Тоды сравнивается с простейшей нетривиальной тау-функцией $\mathcal N$-компонентной цепочки Тоды.

Economic efficiency in the operation of aircraft local air lines (LA) can be improved by increasing the awareness of the loading and aircraft structure integrity, with the subsequent adjustment of the maintenance program in accordance with the actual operating conditions. The allowance for specific features of loading load-bearing elements at transport aircraft during particular operations provides a significant extending in the safe life (in some cases, by several times). However, at the moment, load monitoring systems in the aviation industry have not yet been implemented universally. The implementation of the well-known approaches developed for monitoring and analyzing loads requires significant changes in the programs and procedures for maintaining airworthiness, including the need to install additional sophisticated measuring equipment. We propose an alternative approach to existing methods of load monitoring without using additional measuring equipment. The main stage is formation of the relationship between the flight parameters recorded by the standard on-board recorder and the loading parameters, which are determined by computational and experimental methods as a result of processing strain gauge data. A sufficient bulk of the strain data is usually obtained during the flight tests at the certification stage. Testing of this technique is considered with reference to the example of the loads in the elements of high lift devices of aircraft flaps. The average error in the estimates of the forces in the connecting rods of the inner flaps does not exceed 6%. The results obtained make it possible to determine with the acceptable accuracy the individual accumulated damageability of an aircraft structure and to assess the residual safe life. The presented approach is a part of the methodological framework necessary for the development and implementation of modern means of analyzing the integrity of the structure, implemented on the basis of on-board monitoring systems of local airlines aircraft.

The authors of this work recall the most popular method of architectural reflection at the end of the twentieth century, which is again becoming relevant in the modern world of modernity. The presentation of the theoretical foundations of the philological metaphor in architectural practice is illustrated by the actual design experience, inspired by a literary work.

PURPOSE: Health care inequities persist, and it is difficult to teach health professions students effectively about implicit bias, structural inequities, and caring for patients from underrepresented or minoritized backgrounds. Improvisational theater (improv), where performers create everything in a spontaneous and unplanned manner, may help teach health professions trainees about advancing health equity. Core improv skills, discussion, and self-reflection can help improve communication, build trustworthy relationships with patients, and address bias, racism, oppressive systems, and structural inequities. METHOD: Authors integrated a 90-minute virtual improv workshop using basic exercises into a required course for first-year medical students at University of Chicago in 2020. Sixty randomly chosen students took the workshop and 37 (62%) responded to Likert-scale and open-ended questions about strengths, impact, and areas for improvement. Eleven students participated in structured interviews about their workshop experience. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (76%) of 37 students rated the workshop as very good or excellent, and 31 (84%) would recommend it to others. Over 80% of students perceived their listening and observation skills improved, and that the workshop would help them take better care of non-majority- identifying patients. Six (16%) students experienced stress during the workshop but 36 (97%) felt safe. Eleven (30%) students agreed there were meaningful discussions about systemic inequities. Qualitative interview analysis showed that students thought the workshop helped develop interpersonal skills (communication, relationship building, empathy); helped personal growth (insights into perception of self and others, ability to adapt to unexpected situations); and felt safe. Students noted the workshop helped them to be in the moment with patients and respond to the unexpected in ways more structured, traditional communication curricula have not. The authors developed a conceptual model relating improv skills and equity teaching methods to advancing health equity. CONCLUSIONS: Improv theater exercises can complement traditional communication curricula to advance health equity.

INTRODUCTION: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer accounting for 12% of all malignancies. Systemic therapy remains the main treatment strategy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are prescribed when certain molecular genetic aberrations are detected. THE AIM: To investigate the molecular genetic profile of samples of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients with ATC. Mutation V600E BRAF, mutations in the gene NRAS and KRAS were detected by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined by fragment analysis in according to ESMO recommendations. Mutations in the promoter region of the TERT gene were used by Sanger sequencing. NTRK1, EML4-ALK, PAX8/PPARy и RET/PTC translocations were determined in all patients with ATC by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: According to the results of the study, the frequency of the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene was 32.4% (12/37). The frequency of aberrations in the NRAS, KRAS genes in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was 13.5% (n=5). The prevalence of point mutations in the promoter gene TERT in food samples of ATC was 24.3% (n=9). MSI was found in 2.7% (1/37) of cases of anapalastic thyroid carcinoma. NTRK1, EML4-ALK, PAX8/PPARy and RET/PTC translocations were not detected in cases with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The further study of the main specific molecular targets in cancer cells will allow to personalize the tactics of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Transurethral incision of the bladder neck is one of the main methods of correction of bladder neck stenosis that occurred after treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. This technique involves endoscopic dissection in the area of the stenosed area without removing scar tissue. Taking into account the emergence of new reconstructive methods of surgical intervention in patients with recurrent bladder neck stenosis the expediency of using transurethral incision of the bladder neck in recurrent cases remains a subject of discussion. AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of transurethral incision of the bladder neck in patients with recurrent bladder neck stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 30 patients with a diagnosis of recurrent bladder neck stenosis who were treated in the period from 2012 to 2022. in Clinical Hospital of St. Luke and was performed transurethral incision of the bladder neck using bipolar electrosurgical energy. The diagnosis of bladder neck stenosis was established on the basis of complaints, anamnesis, uroflowmetry with determination of the volume of residual urine, ureteroscopy, retrograde urethrography. Recurrence was recorded when the maximum urination rate below 12 ml/s, there was an episode of acute urinary retention, or the need for additional surgical intervention for bladder outlet obstruction. RESULTS: All 30 patients underwent transurethral incision of the bladder neck using bipolar electrosurgical energy. The average duration of surgery was 22.9 minutes. The degree of postoperative complications did not exceed grade II according to the Clavien scale. The frequency of de novo stress urinary incontinence was detected only in one patient, which resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks. The maximum urination rate after 3 months was 14.73 3.61 ml/s, while after 6 months there was a significant decrease to 10.91 6.92 ml/s, and after 12 months to 9.4 7, 65 ml/s. The absence of recurrence in patients after TUI BN during the observation period was noted in 17 (56.67%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral incision of the bladder neck using a bipolar electrode is a safe method for correcting bladder neck stenosis, but in recurrent cases it has limited efficacy. In this regard, in patients with a large number of endoscopic interventions in history, other methods of bladder neck reconstruction should be chosen.

The article examines the problem of ensuring the reliability of information in an integrated report. The need for sustainable development has led to the emergence of integrated accounting and analytical systems that combine financial and non-financial information to support transparency of information and trust in the enterprise. Integrated accounting and analytical systems can facilitate processes such as planning, forecasting, analysis, and task execution. Integrated reporting is a forward-looking report that presents strategy, management, performance indicators, development prospects and business risks, and requires the creation of a quality internal audit service to provide control of actions and technical support for the analysis and consolidation of information. The requests of information users require transparency and reliability from integrated reporting, therefore, to ensure the fulfillment of these requirements, the enterprise must use special mechanisms and procedures, an internal audit of integrated reporting in particular. Ensuring reliability can be implemented through both external and internal audits. Companies are working to provide external guarantees on the quality of integrated reports through external independent audits and internal audits, which have the effect of reducing information asymmetry and facilitating risk assessment. Internal audit helps ensure the accuracy and reliability of data in integrated reporting, taking on a strategic role in preparing the company for the implementation and use of this report, which helps to ensure a quality level of information confirmation and ensure the trust of interested parties.

Aim To evaluate the frequency and structure of lipid-lowering therapy and of achieving the goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) who were monitored at the outpatient stage. Material and methods A retrospective snapshot analysis was performed by continuous sampling method for 136 medical records of outpatient patients (71 men, 65 women) aged 42 to 91 years [median, 68 years; 25th and 75th percentiles (59; 78)].Results 134 (98,53 %) patients took statins; 8 (5.88 %) patients took a combination of statin and ezetimibe; 2 (1.47 %) patients took proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 enzyme inhibitors (PCSK9): 2 (1.47 %) patients took evolocumab and 1 (0.74%) of 2 PCSK9-treated patients took a combination of PCSK9 inhibitor and statin. Atorvastatin at a dose of 20 (20; 40) mg as recommended at the hospital was the most frequently prescribed statin. 5 (3.68%) patients achieved the goal LDL-C of ≤1.4 mmol/l.Conclusion Statins prevail in the structure of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with very high CVR. The frequency of combination therapy (statin/ezetimibe, 5.88%; PCSK9 inhibitor/statin, 0.74%) and PCSK9 inhibitors was noted to be low. Only 3.68% of patients achieved the goal LDL-C during the lipid-lowering treatment.

Three-day dry immersion (a model of physical unloading) substantially changes the transcriptomic profile in the human soleus muscle, a muscle with predominantly slow-twitch fibers and strong postural function; despite this, we found no effect on the muscle proteome (highly abundant proteins). Dry immersion markedly reduces ADP-stimulated respiration; this decline is not accompanied by a decrease in the content of mitochondrial proteins/respiratory enzymes, indicating the disruption in regulation of cellular respiration.

Purpose. Search and presentation of data from experimental and clinical studies reflecting the central role of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase in the regulation of adaptation mechanisms in critical conditions. Material and methods. The search for literature sources was carried out using the electronic resources of the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru, with the use of the following keywords: «Krebs cycle, succinate, succinate dehydrogenase, critical conditions», as well as in the English-language text database of medical and biological publications on medical sciences PUBMED, where similar keywords «Krebs cycle, succinate, succinate dehydrogenase, critical conditions» were used. Results. Taking into account the data presented in the review, it can be stated that the complex of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase is the central link in the Krebs cycle and the main structure of the antihypoxic ensemble of all body cells during the adaptation period under critical conditions. Conclusion. The data of experimental and clinical studies reflecting the central role of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase not only in the mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia, but also in the regulation of inflammation, thermogenesis, hemostasis disorders, acid-base state, electrolyte metabolism, vascular tone and trophism of intestinal tissues, as well as in immunological reactions of the body, allow us to consider the substrate and enzyme as the central link of the Krebs cycle and the main structure of the antihypoxic ensemble of all body cells. The data presented in the review open up new prospects for the use of succinates in critical conditions.

Развивается новый метод исследования неустойчивых контрастных структур - решений с внутренним переходным слоем, основанный на построении достаточно точных неупорядоченных верхних и нижних решений и применении следствия из теоремы Крейна-Рутмана. Сформулированы условия существования неустойчивых по Ляпунову одномерных контрастных структур типа ступеньки как стационарных решений сингулярно возмущенных параболических уравнений реакция-диффузия с разрывной правой частью. Показано, что полученные результаты можно распространить на другие сингулярно возмущенные одномерные задачи реакция-диффузия-адвекция с разрывными нелинейностями.

The article considers the problem of modeling unmanned aerial vehicles to create a simulation model of overcoming the enemy’s air defense system. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodology for evaluating the characteristics of the movement of unmanned aerial vehicles during aerial reconnaissance, the essence of which is the quantitative justification of a rational variant of conducting aerial reconnaissance taking into account the capabilities of the enemy’s anti-aircraft missile complex and air defense system. Analytical dependencies reflecting the main characteristics of reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. In combination with the proposed simulation model of overcoming the enemy's air defense system by unmanned aerial vehicles, the specified dependencies make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen aerial reconnaissance option and determine the necessary parameters of the movement of unmanned aerial vehicles. The above calculations are based on operations research methods.

The issues of choosing materials for creating physical models into seismic exploration are considered. The main attention is paid to the correspondence of the acoustic parameters of the materials used in the preparation of the model to the properties of the rocks of the real medium. A technique is proposed for measuring the attenuation coefficient in materials that serve as the main elements of the formed physical model.

Today, one of the problems of modern implants is their high rigidity, which can lead to bone resorption at the interface between the implant and the bone and to the gradual detachment of the implant. In addition, implant detachment can occur due to the positive Poisson's ratio of the implant along its entire length. This phenomenon is described in detail in [1]. As a possible solution to these problems, it is proposed to use lattice structures with negative Poisson's ratio from TiNi alloy. This alloy has a fairly low modulus of elasticity - about 48 GPa. The use of a porous (lattice) structure of an implant made of TiNi alloy will reduce the modulus of elasticity and bring it closer to the modulus of human cortical bone – 12-17 GPa [2], and possibly the modulus of elasticity of cancellous bone – 0.1-5 GPа [3]. In this work, a computer numerical simulation of strut based lattice structures with several variants of unit cell topology with a negative Poisson's ratio is carried out. For the obtained structures, the following characteristics were calculated - elastic modulus (Young's modulus), modulus of elasticity in shear, Poisson's ratio. The modeling process is implemented using the ANSYS 2019 R2 SpaceClaim finite element analysis package. The data obtained confirmed the promising possibility of modeling and fabricating lattice structures with a low elastic modulus and negative Poisson's ratio from a TiNi alloy. Also, on the basis of this data, conclusions about the influence of the topology and porosity of unit cells on the resulting characteristics of the lattice structure were made.

The purpose of the study is to determine the necessary set of estimated signs of vineyards with terroir properties based on the generalization of literary sources and the setting up of field experience in the application of spectral indices from satellite images. The use of spectral data on the state of soils, plants and the environment makes it possible to evaluate the growth force of bushes and the yield of vineyards by difference normalized indices. Spectral analysis of vineyards using satellite images allows obtaining data on the vegetative and moisture variability of vine plantations with a frequency of 2-7 days. The correct interpretation of spectral satellite images is possible when they are verified by ground studies of soil indicators, vegetation of bushes by phenophases, agricultural work performed in the aisle, soil, air and leaf moisture. In the future, verification of satellite and ground-based data will reduce the number of route-field surveys and laboratory tests. To solve this problem, spectral data from the public satellite platforms Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 must be calibrated using ground samples from sample plots of vineyard lands with terroir properties, which are defined as spectral patterns (samples) of vineyards. The presence of a relationship between soil moisture, leaf area and yield makes it possible, on the basis of the normalized NDVI vegetation index and NDMI soil moisture, to determine the micro-sites of vine plantations of different productivity and quality of grape harvest. Microzoning of the area according to such parameters as physical and chemical composition, soil moisture, morphometry, exposure and slope slopes makes it possible to identify viticultural areas with terroir properties. Identification of the boundaries and areas of vineyards with terroir properties using spectral raster satellite images with vectorization of difference soil layers in a geographic information system allows you to quickly assess viable lands, the productivity of various areas of vineyards and optimize agricultural work in accordance with a precision approach in viticulture.

The article discusses modern approaches to screening for dyslipidemia and its control, target levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), initiation of lipid-lowering therapy depending on the total risk on the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) scale, considering the effects of age, gender, smoking, blood pressure, lipid levels, which are of crucial importance for selecting preventive and therapeutic strategies in patients with several risk factors. Different types of therapy for dyslipidemia are discussed as of monotherapy with statins and, in combination with ezetimibe, inhibitors of the enzyme proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9). New lipid-lowering drugs are highlighted: bempedoic acid and inclisiran, a synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugated with a hydrocarbon of three-antennary N-acetylgalactosamine, which activates the natural RNA interference mechanism to cleave the mRNA of the PCSK9 enzyme and prevent its translation into a protein molecule. This increases the number of receptors for LDL and reducing their amount in the blood. We present our results of assessing the use of lipid-lowering therapy and achievement of the target LDL value in very high-risk patients. Innovative biotechnological drugs based on human monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleodins create additional opportunities for improving the treatment of statin-resistant forms of dyslipidemia in patients with a very high cardiovascular risk. The article aims to increase the level of knowledge about modern approaches to lipid-lowering therapy of general practitioners, cardiologists of the primary care settings and will be of interest to other specialists.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the most common and practicable plasma-therapy techniques. The wide therapeutic range for the use of this technique in various medical fields is due to its high content of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. The property of PRP to induce tissue regeneration is particularly highlighted, which is used actively for the treatment of a broad range of urological diseases. The review aimed to highlight the accumulated material on the topic of the use of autologous biomaterials based on blood in urology. This article highlights the urgent need for further study of the prospects for the use of autoplasma technologies in wide multicenter studies.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is regarded as the most effective therapeutic approach for people with end-stage renal disease. However, for a number of reasons - constant increase in the incidence of diseases contributing to formation and development of chronic kidney disease, as well as continuing shortage of donor organs - 78-95% of patients in need of a kidney transplant do not receive the necessary treatment, and the waiting list stretches for several years. This paper presents the first outcomes of KT for chronic glomerulonephritis performed at St. Luke’s Clinical Hospital in St. Petersburg, in collaboration with the staff of Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most common metabolic disorders in humans, leading to the atheros clerosis. It is known that lipid metabolism disorders can be associated with genetic predisposition. However, even in patients with clinically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia, its genetic cause remains unknown in 30 % of cases. The search for genetic variants associated with primary hyperlipidemias is a promising direction in the development of diagnostics and personalized medicine. Aim of the study was to assess of the association of polymorphic sites rs3813627, rs3135506 and rs3785617 of the apolipoprotein genes APOA2, APOA5 and APOH, respectively, with lipid metabolism and atherogenic index in the population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods. Genotyping by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism at the rs3813627, rs3135506 and rs3785617 of the APOA2, APOA5 and APOH genes, respectively, was carried out in 522 people from 9360 a random population sample of Novosibirsk and in 266 people from the same sample with a total cholesterol content more than 300 mg/dl. A one-way ANOVA of the association of genetic variants with serum lipid levels and atherogenicity index was performed. Results. The allele frequencies of all studied polymorphic sites in the Novosibirsk population differed from those previously identified among Europeans. A significant increase (p = 0.02) in average total cholesterol content in AA – AG – GG genotype series for rs3785617 of the APOH was revealed. The frequency of the CC genotype for the rs3135506 of the APOA5 in the group with total cholesterol contentration exceeding 300 mg/dl was lower compared to the control group (p = 0.038, odds ratio 0.66, 95 % confidence interval 0.46–0.97). For rs3813627, there were no differences in genotype frequencies and in lipid metabolism. Conclusions. The rs3135506 and rs3785617 can modify the hyperlipidemia phenotype among the Caucasoid population of Western Siberia.

In this study we present a benchmark of statistical distributions of the first nearest neighbors in random graphs. We consider distribution of such graphs by the number of disconnected fragments, fragments by the number of involved nodes, and nodes by their degrees. The statements about the asymptotic properties of these distributions for graphs of large dimension are proved. The problem under investigation is to estimate the probability of realization of a certain structure of the first nearest neighbors graph depending on the distribution function of distances between the elements of the studied set. It is shown that, up to isomorphism, the graph of the first nearest neighbors does not depend on the distance distribution. This fact makes it possible to conduct numerical experiments on the construction of basic statistics based on a uniform distribution of distances and obtain tabulated data as a result of numerical modeling. We also discuss the approximation of the distribution of graph vertices by degrees, which allows us to estimate the proportion of randomness for a particular structure resulting from clustering elements of a certain set by the nearest neighbor method. The asymptotic analysis of the fragment distribution is discussed.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of mortality. Using the evidence obtained about various clinical phenotypes of patients with the same disease allowed us to expand our understanding of the treatment of COPD. Nowadays the only option for solving the problem will be the definition of the clinical phenotype of COPD, and the receipt of expanded data on its correlation with respiratory and other significant biomarkers. Materials and methods: We analyzed the correlations between FKN, CRP and TBA-active lipid peroxidation products in 373 patients with various COPD phenotypes and 60 healthy volunteers. Enzyme immunoassay was used to study the levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Results: We have identified a statistically significant increase in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with COPD compared with the control. The FKN level in the group of patients with COPD was 1.3 ng/ml, which was higher (p

The article is devoted to the characteristics of crimes against humanity as a category of international criminal law and in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine. It has been stated that corpus delicti of crimes against humanity reveal many features which have a common meaning with the features of war crimes, and this creates difficulties in legal application. A table of the norms relevance and their drafts on crimes against humanity and war crimes under the Rome Statute of the ICC and the draft UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity has been compiled. The criteria for distinction between these corpus delicti has been proposed. It has been established that the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not contain special corpus delicti of crimes against humanity. The conceptual direction of national criminal legislation improvement has been determined.

Addressing the history of transport development seems to be an urgent and in-demand task of modern historical science. The study of the historical past of the railway system allows us to understand in more detail the cause-and-effect relationships of their development and to isolate the level of progress that had a serious impact on the further course of history.Studying transport tickets is an important part of studying the history of transport. It becomes possible to understand how, by modifying tickets, they tried to facilitate and speed up the work of cashiers of long-distance buses and railway stations and city transport conductors. Travel tickets, reserved seats, receipts, boarding passes allow you to better study the development of technologies of commercial activity of railways.The article is devoted to the description of a rather rare type of collecting: collecting transport tickets. The history of the appearance of transport documents has been studied: diplomas for the passage of Ancient Rome and roadside payz of China. It tells about the appearance of people collecting transport artifacts and about the dynasties of collectors, provides data on the size of the largest known collection, traces the history of the formation of associations of collectors of transport tickets. The names of the type of collecting in Russian, the appearance of the terms peridromophilia and eisitiristics are considered. It tells about the ways to replenish collections, where and how tickets are searched for or purchased.

In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical diagnostic laboratories conducting a test for the presence of coronavirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in most cases, work with significant overload. Performing professional duties in these conditions imposes special requirements on medical personnel. First of all, this concerns the parameters of systemic hemodynamics as an objective criterion of health risk. The study aims to analyze the state of systemic hemodynamics in medical workers of PCR laboratories when working in the conditions of the COVID–19 pandemic when using personal protective equipment against a biological factor. The researchers have conducted the study in the winter period of the year in PCR laboratories for the diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection. The observation group included 33 people aged 32.5±1.44 years and 1–33 months of experience in the PCR laboratory. We have evaluated the key parameters of systemic hemodynamics, heart rate variability and the degree of oxygen saturation in the blood of laboratory staff. The authors have carried out measurements at the beginning and end of the work shift. There was a significant increase in heart rate (by 3.7%), minute heart volume (by 5.2%), myocardial oxygen consumption (by 5.6%) at the end of the work shift compared with its beginning. The values of these parameters of systemic hemodynamics remained within the normal range. At the same time, the increase in the values of these indicators indicates a significant strain on self-regulatory mechanisms and the development of fatigue. When using personal protective equipment against a biological factor, the tension of the systemic mechanisms of hemodynamic self-regulation in medical workers of PCR laboratories increases. The degree of severity of the tension of these mechanisms significantly depends on the features of the functional state of the cardiovascular system and vegetative status. At the same time, it is necessary to provide a physiological and hygienic justification for the duration of the periods of work of medical workers of PCR laboratories when using various types of personal protective equipment against a biological factor, which justifies the relevance of further research. Limitations. The results of this study were obtained on a relatively small sample. Therefore, in order to increase its representativeness, it is necessary to increase the number of participants, which will allow leveling the existing restrictions. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical standards set out in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 with additions of 2008. The study participants signed a form of "Informed Voluntary consent to conduct a study", developed in accordance with the requirements of the local ethics committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Volga State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

The endoscopic centers (EC) are faced with intensive overload due to the high patient flows, and the solution might be to implement into routine practice the speech-to-text software for inputting endoscopic examination descriptions. The authors assessed the changes in the time of paper work when endoscopists used speech recognition software, modern wireless headset, available Health Information System, algorithms and standardized protocols. Endoscopists were able to fill in the examination protocols using the developed method of speech recognition based on artificial intelligence (AI) and Voice2Med software. AI-based assessment shows that the absolute majority of professional terminology from the endoscopists' speech was reproduced (the recognition error was less than 3%). Moreover, 100% of endoscopists were satisfied with the voice input technology for making protocols. The study demonstrated that the protocols of endoscopic examinations developed as the result of the project allow endoscopists to reduce the time for writing medical reports as well as the overall time of procedure. For citation: Shabunin AV, Bedin VV, Korzheva IYu, Orlov SYu, Osmak EK, Vasiliev IV, Nesterov DV, Alepko AA. Pilot implementation of speech recognition technology in the endoscopic centers of Moscow Healthcare Department. City Healthсare. 2023;4(1): 68-74 doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;68-74.

The significance of the research topic is due to the relevance of the problem of the caliphate in the social and political life of the modern Arab-Muslim world. The purpose of this research project is to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of caliphate movements, which were the reaction of the Muslim world to the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the liquidation of the institution of the caliphate in 1924 by the republican leadership of Turkey. At the same time, the authors focus on the General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931) as a concrete example of the socio-political discussions of Muslims about the unity of the Ummah and the future fate of the caliphate. Based on the materials of historical sources, the authors identified contradictions in the diversity of ideological and value views of the caliphatists in the main areas of Islamic world - in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, analyzed methodological, spiritual and political obstacles that stood in the way of the ideologists of caliphatism by the example of contradictions in the activities of the Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini (c. 1895-1974), who advocated the independent statehood of Arab Palestine, and the leader of Indian Muslims Shaukat Ali (1873-1938), who advocated the internationalization of the cause of the revival of the caliphate. The authors prove that “Islamic internationalism” in the 1930s began to acquire more and more national, ethno-culturally conditioned forms, which was due to the distrust of caliphatism on the part of the British colonial officials and the political elites of Turkey and Egypt in the geopolitical conditions that changed after the First World War. In addition, the importance of studying higher Muslim education for the characterization of the political, value, religious and philosophical positions of the caliphists and their opponents is revealed.

The methods of organization ventilation in livestock complexes are considered. Using the example of a fattening housing for 200 heads of a pig breeding complex, the methods of organizing a mechanical supply and exhaust and natural ventilation system are shown. For this housing, the performance of the ventilation system is calculated by excess moisture and by the content of carbon dioxide in the room. It is established that it is advisable to produce the performance of the ventilation system according to the values of excess moisture, which meets the requirements of the zoo-hygienic standard. The calculation of the multiplicity of air exchange in the animal housing is made, which is 1.5 times and corresponds to the normative design indicators for pig farms. An aerodynamic calculation of the supply and exhaust ventilation systems is made, the number of supply and exhaust ducts for each system is determined, respectively. To visualize the process of air supply and distribution in the SolidWorks program, a model of air flows is built during the operation of a natural and supply and exhaust ventilation system for three cases when the outside air temperature is -20; 0; +20 ° C. It is shown that in warm and cold periods of the year it is advisable to supply prepared air through distribution channels of supply ventilation. To achieve the required parameters of the indoor air in the pig complex, it is proposed to prepare the supply air in the mechanical ventilation system using an air heat pump with the MOVEBIT anti-icing system.

The article publishes fragments of the diaries of the famous publicist, one of the ideologists of Russian state nationalism at the turn of the XIX-early XX centuries, M. O. Menshikov, devoted to the analysis of the work of L. N. Tolstoy. The surviving recordings contain reflections of the publicist on the works of Leo Tolstoy: "On the limits of happiness", "The Kingdom of God is within us", as well as a draft letter to the writer. The published fragments are a valuable historical source that reveals the relationship between M. O. Menshikov, during his work in the newspaper "Week" and L. N. Tolstoy. During this period, correspondence is established between them with responses to each other's work. Since 1901, after the closing of the "Week" Menshikov became an employee of A. S. Suvorin's newspaper "Novoye Vremya". Traditionally, it is believed that this was a turning point for Menshikov's views. And regarding the assessments of Leo Tolstoy and his work, Menshikov, the Modernist, really changed his position to the diametrically opposite. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical cognition: the principle of historicism, objectivity and consistency. In the process of preparing the publication, content analysis and ideographic methods were used.

Fast reactors with heavy liquid metal coolant (lead or eutectic bismuth-lead alloy) are one of the most advanced technologies capable to address the accumulated world nuclear energy issues. This innovative power technology is being developed in Russia, the USA, China and the European Union. Russia is the leader since it has focused on this topic for a number of decades. First concrete started to be poured in June 2021 to form the foundation of the Russian BREST-OD-300 lead cooled reactor scheduled to be started up in 2026. Attention is also given to the development status of the Chinese CLEAR reactor series. A large scope of R&D has been undertaken, and large-scale nonnuclear experimental facilities are under construction. International Euro-US consortiums for the development of the ALFRED, PLFR and MYRRHA reactors do not expect any unsolvable technical issues either and are currently formulating requirements to the test facilities and candidate materials and technologies required for further activities.

Relevance. Digitalization in the monitoring system of vine plantations of agrobiological indicators is the most important resource for the development of viticulture. Digital tools for collecting, analyzing and visualizing data can improve the efficiency and accuracy of scientific research in the field of viticulture. The purpose of the work. Digitalization of methods for the rapid collection of scientific data on the state of grape plantations in real time based on mobile digital spatial positioning devices.Methods. Agrobiological and phenological accounting with recording data in the observation log on paper and entering data into spreadsheets from the keyboard and voice. Evaluation of errors and timing of transferring data from paper to a computer database when manually writing data to a log with recoding into a CSV-text format for the MySQL DBMS. AppSheet technology was used as a platform for collaborative work of mobile devices with Internet server databases.Results. The automated system for collecting, recording and processing data on agrobiological and phenological indicators of grape varieties is designed for route and field studies of the Anapa ampelographic collection during field data collection on grape bushes. It is used in agronomic and phenological accounting by specialists of research organizations. The main functions of the program are data registration using a mobile digital device in the field and their transfer to a cloud database on the Internet. The results of the calculation of agrobiological and phenological indicators of grapes are transmitted in real time to digital electronic devices connected to the Internet. The program records the date and time of the field observation, geographic coordinates, agrobiological and phenological indicators of the survey, and a photo of the bush.

Background. Among all postoperative complications associated with revascularization of atherosclerotic steno-occlusive process of the femoral-distal artery, thrombosis of the reconstruction segment is 6-32%. Objective. Prevention of thrombotic complications through vascular revascularization of the lower extremity by using a pathogenetically reasonable system of postoperative thromboprophylaxis. Methods. The study involved 97 patients with atherosclerotic stenotic-occlusive process of the infrainguinal artery in cases of stenotic-occlusive lesions of the tibial arteries. In order to study the state of the hemocoagulation system on patients, the methods for studying the indicators of coagulation, fibrinolytic and aggregation systems were used. Results. Development of hypercoagulable disorders in the patients who underwent endovascular revascularization of the arterial segment is more intense than in those who underwent open vascular revascularization methods. Hypercoagulation of blood at the intraoperative stage of revascularization takes place primarily due to the activity of factor IIa of the hemocoagulation cascade. Taking into account these circumstances, already at the surgery stage for thromboprophylaxis non-fractionated heparin (NFH) should be prescribed. At the same time for prevention of thromboembolic complications double anti-thrombocyte therapy: clopidogrel, acetylsalicylic acid should be prescribed. Conclusion. Hypercoagulant ability of the blood system, which develops after arterial reconstructive interventions, takes place against the background of low activity of the fibrinolytic blood system, nevertheless a gradual increase in the activity of the aggregation capacity of the blood. Development of hypercoagulable disorders at the intraoperative stage of surgery in the patients with endovascular methods of arterial reconstructions is more intense than in those treated with open methods of arterial revascularization. Taking into account these circumstances, already at the surgery stage for thromboprophylaxis an anticoagulant should be prescribed that has a targeted effect on factor IIa of the hemocoagulant cascade with simultaneous prevention of thromboembolic complications – double anti-thrombocyte therapy.