Search

Compared to other organisms, such as vascular plants or mosses, lichen-forming fungi have a high number of species occurring in both northern and southern hemispheres but are largely absent from intermediate, tropical latitudes. For instance, ca. 160 Antarctic species also occur in polar areas or mountainous temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Early interpretations of this particular distribution pattern were made in terms of vicariance or long-distance dispersal. However, it was not until the emergence of phylogenetics and the possibility of dating past diversification and colonization events that these initial hypotheses started to be evaluated. The premise of a relatively recent colonization of the southern hemisphere by boreal lichens through long-distance dispersal has gained support in recent studies based on either the comparison of genetic affinities (i.e., tree topology) or more robust, statistical migratory models. Still, the scarcity of such studies and a concern that taxonomic concepts for bipolar lichens are often too broad preclude the generation of sound explanations on the mechanisms and origin of such fascinating disjunct distributions. This review provides an up-to-date overview of bipolar distributions in lichen-forming fungi and their photobionts. Evidence provided by recent, molecular-based studies as well as data on the type of lichen reproduction, dispersal ability, photobiont identity and availability, and habitat preferences are brought together to discuss how and when these distributions originated and their genetic footprints. Ideas for future prospects and research are also discussed. This study is supported by grant CTM2012-38222-C02-02, I.G.B and S.P.O are supported by grants FPU AP2012-3556 and RYC-2014-16784, respectively, all from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.

descripción no proporcionada por scopus

descripción no proporcionada por scopus

Esta comunicación participó en el: 5th International Conference YOuth in COnservation of CUltural Heritage YOCOCU 2016 21st-23rd September 2016 Madrid, Very recently, in monumental cities, certain conservational practices tend to use ancient/traditional roof tiles in the restoration of Heritage buildings. Numerous studies have been undertaken to remove lichens on stones. However, little has been done to date to study lichens removal from ceramic materials, despite the fact that they are commonly colonized by different lichen communities. The main goal of this contribution is making a diagnosis of alterations that lichens may cause in ceramic materials, as well as to determine the possibilities of removal by treatments based on laser irradiation and use of biocides., Geomateriales 2 (Ref. S2013/MIT-2914, Regional Government of Madrid and EU structural funds) and IPERION-CH (Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure on Cultural Heritage (Ref. H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015 nº 654028).

11th Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks was hold in Cracow, Poland from 19th to 23rd September 2016 ; http://lacona11.org/, Lasers constitute a promising alternative to more conventional cleaning techniques for certain applications. In fact laser cleaning of stone is a well-established technique in the field of cultural heritage because it allows fine and selective removal of superficial deposits and encrustations. When biodeterioration crusts are present on the stone surface, the laser approach requires a physical parametrization, associated with a diagnosis of the induced effects on the both stone and biodeteriogens. Lichens (symbiotic association of a fungus with a photosynthetic partner, an alga and/or cyanobacteria) develop complex interactions with the rock minerals and, depending on the species, present characteristic morphologies that influence the resistance to the removal treatments. In this work, granite from Alpedrete (Madrid) quarry front and sandstone from Valonsadero (Soria) were investigated in order to find the conditions for efficient laser removal of lichens crusts. These stone materials have been traditionally used in heritage buildings and monuments in central Spain. The selected samples present superficial areas colonized by different crustose lichens, i.e. Protoparmeliopsis bolcana, P. muralis, Aspicilia viridescens, A. contorta, Candelariella vitelina and Rhizocarpon disporum. To determine the best laser irradiation conditions, we measured UV-Vis absorption spectra of the lichen crusts diluted in ethanol. A comparative laser cleaning study was carried out on the mentioned samples with nanosecond laser pulses of infrared, ultraviolet and sequences of both wavelengths. To that purpose we used the fundamental (1064 nm), 3rd (355 nm) and 4th (266 nm) harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (pulse duration 17 ns, repetition rate 1-10 Hz) at fluences just below the previously determined ablation thresholds. A number of techniques were employed to detect morphological and chemical changes on the irradiated surfaces. Stereomicroscopy was used to describe morphological and colour changes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low vacuum served to analyse the effects on the surface of the lichens, while SEM-BSE of the polished transversal cross sections was applied to assess effects inside the crust and in the lithic substrate. FT-Raman spectroscopy was employed to detect possible structural and chemical changes. The results obtained indicate that the optimal conditions for laser removal of the lichen crusts are highly dependent of the lichen species treated. For example, in the case of Protoparmeliopsis, sequential 1064-266 nm laser irradiation partially removed the thallus cortex in the vegetative parts of the lichen (areoles). However, the damage inflicted in the apothecia (fungal reproductive structures) was found minimal, possibly due to the highly efficient protective role of their sterile elements. For the other lichens, the optimal cleaning conditions were obtained at 266 nm, which resulted in the partial removal of the cortex and exposition of the algae. In this case the complete removal of fragments of thalli was observed. - 2914) and IPERION - CH Ref. H2020 - INFRAIA - 2014 - 2015, nº 654028

La eliminación láser de capas de biodeterioro sobre el patrimonio construido garantiza unos estudios ampliamente detallados debido a las ventajas que ofrece con respecto a las metodologías tradicionales basadas en la eliminación mecánica o el uso de biocidas. En este trabajo hemos llevado a cabo un estudio detallado sobre la eliminación láser de costras biológicas en piedras de dolomita de diferentes sitios del patrimonio construido en el centro de España. Las muestras consideradas están colonizadas por líquenes crustáceos epilíticos de diferentes especies, como son la Caloplaca sp. y la Verrucaria nigrescens. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio comparativo mediante el uso de un láser de Nd:YAG Q-switched con duración de pulso en el régimen de nanosegundos y emisión en el rango espectral infrarrojo a 1064 nm y ultravioleta a 355 nm. Para determinar el daño anatómico y ultraestructural sobre dichos líquenes, y para evaluar los posibles cambios morfológicos y químicos en la piedra subyacente inducidos por la irradiación láser, utilizamos microscopía estereoscópica, microscopía electrónica de barrido con imágenes de electrones retrodispersados y espectroscopía Raman con transformada de Fourier. Las condiciones láser óptimas para la eliminación de las capas de colonización de biodeterioro, al tiempo que garantiza la preservación del sustrato lítico, se obtuvieron para una irradiación secuencial dual infrarroja-ultravioleta., Málaga, 16-19 Noviembre, 2015

In this study the effect of human urine on lithobiontic microorganisms colonizing stone materials from the cultural heritage was evaluated in situ by means of a field experiment in a historic quarry (Redueña dolostone quarry, Madrid, Spain). With this experiment, it was possible to assess the effect of this bioproduct when interacting with the existing lithobiontic microbial community at the most real conditions. The application of the bioproduct was performed by directly spraying onto the rock surface of the quarry front with abundant lichen colonization during 8 weeks (one application per week). After the application, the structure of Verrucaria nigrescens lichen thalli and the ultrastructure of their algal and fungal cells components resulted to be affected. The upper cortex of the lichen thalli was particularly affected, with damage-like fungal cells, and even in some cases, disappeared, leaving unprotected and exposed algal cells to environmental conditions., This work was supported by the GEOMATERIALES 2 programme (S2013/MIT-2914/ GEOMATERIALES 2), Comunidad de Madrid) and FSE and FEDER.

Accepted for publication: 19 December 2014, The new genus of lichenicolous fungi Austrostigmidium is described from Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego (Chile). It is characterized by the presence of black pseudothecia, pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate, I-,KI asci and 3-septate hyaline ascospores. So far, the only known species grows on Mastodia tessellata (Verrucariales, Eurotiomycetes). The new genus is compared with anatomically close genera. Based on nuLSU and nuSSU markers we inferred its phylogenetic relationships and found that it belongs to the family Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) and is closely related to rock-inhabiting fungal species, as well as to the hyphomycetous lichenicolous fungus Xanthoriicola. Finally, the host-parasite interface has been analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy in order to describe the interactions among the new fungus and the symbionts forming the host lichen., This work was funded by the grants CTM2012-38222-C02-02 and FPU AP2012-3556.

El Programa Geomateriales Durabilidad y conservación del geomateriales del patrimonio construido, enmarcado en el IV Plan Regional de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica (IV PRICIT), fue concedido a través de su Convocatoria de Programas de I+D en Tecnologías 2009 (orden 679/2009). Iniciado el 1 de enero de 2010 y finalizado el 31 de mayo de 2014, el programa de investigación se plantea con una clara concepción experimental, pretendiendo dar solución y optimizando las actuaciones aplicadas para mejorar la durabilidad y conservación de los geomateriales utilizados en el patrimonio construido. El consorcio que integra el programa está constituido por grupos de investigación que desarrollan su labor en la Comunidad de Madrid, pertenecientes a la Agencia Estatal del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), a la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) y a la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), otros grupos, laboratorios y/o centros tecnológicos ubicados en otras provincias españolas y en países europeos así como empresas privadas y otros organismos de colaboración. El programa ha conseguido alcanzar los objetivos científico-tecnológicos planteados, en gran parte mediante la colaboración de los diferentes grupos integrantes, jugando un papel esencial la participación también en el programa del Laboratorio de Petrofísica (RedLab 217). El presente volumen recoge las ponencias presentadas en la Reunión Científica del Programa Geomateriales, celebrada el 9 de octubre de 2013. Estas ponencias se organizaron fundamentalmente en base a los objetivos científicos del programa, incidiendo en las principales actividades realizadas y resultados obtenidos, y apostando por los jóvenes investigadores incorporados. En los resúmenes incluidos se pretende resaltar, por un lado, los resultados científicos de mayor relevancia, las investigaciones que han generado el desarrollo de patentes, las colaboraciones establecidas entre los diferentes grupos y/o empresas y las previsiones futuras. Por otro, aspectos relacionados con los objetivos de formación, como la realización de tesis doctorales y movilidad de investigadores, así como la participación conjunta en los objetivos de difusión y en actividades de gestión de los diferentes miembros del programa. El Programa Geomateriales ha supuesto un importante avance del conocimiento, permitiendo los logros científicos obtenidos posicionar al consorcio en unas condiciones muy favorables respecto a las diversas temáticas implicadas en la conservación del patrimonio. Este aspecto hace del consorcio el único a nivel nacional que aborda su estudio de forma integral y confirma, una vez más, la necesidad y conveniencia de crear equipos de trabajo que apuesten por la colaboración y conjunción de esfuerzos para alcanzar mayores y mejores logros.

The preliminary results of the laser assessment for biofilms removal on rock surfaces are shown. The procedure consisted of laser irradiation (Nd:YAG, 1064nm, 10 ns, 200 mJ) on a dolostone colonized by microorganisms (mainly cyanobacteria) and lichens. Samples were taken to assess the effectiveness of laser treatment on both the lichens thalli and microbial communities (SEM-BSE and TEM), and also on the stone substrate (SEM-SE+EDS). The re-sults show that lichen thalli were eliminated only partially. The laser fluence applied was not enough to efficiently eliminate and/or damage the majority of lichen thalli, which is in accor-dance with previous laboratory results, where it was demonstrated that a higher fluence is nec-essary to clean and make inactive lichen symbionts. No damage was found in the dolomite crys-tals after laser radiation. Roughness and color were recorded before and after laser treatment. Continuous monitoring of the thermal processes during laser irradiation showed that thermal gradient is extremely high, GEOMATERIALES programme (Ref. S2009-MAT1629), to CONSOLIDER programme (CSD2007-00058) and to Fabio dal Monte (CTS) for providing the laser equipment and performing the onsite experiments

Trabajo presentado en el XXIII Congreso Nacional de Microbiología (SEM), celebrado en Salamanca del 11 al 14 de julio de 2011.

In this paper we report two first records, Absconditella lignicola new for Spain, and Opegrapha zwackhii, a novelty for the Iberian Peninsula. We also comment on their ecology and distribution. Absconditella lignicola se cita por primera vez en España. Opegrapha zwackhii representa una novedad para la flora de la Península Ibérica. Se ofrecen comentarios sobre la ecología y distribución de ambas especies.

New records for three species of the algicolous genus Epigloea (Ascomycota) from Spain are given, expanding considerably their distribution range southwards. Some remarks on one specimen of E. cf. medioincrassata found in Sierra de Gredos are made. Se ofrecen nuevas citas para tres especies del género de hongos alguícolas Epigloea (Ascomycota) en España, aumentando considerablemente su rango de distribución hacia el sur. Se hacen algunos comentarios sobre el espécimen de E. cf. medioincrassata encontrado en la Sierra de Gredos.

A list of 61 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi is presented. All of them are new provincial records. The following species are highlighted because they represent novelties for Castilla y León and constitute considerable expansions of their distribution ranges in the Iberian Peninsula: Arthonia epimela, Adelolecia kolaensis, Bagliettoa baldensis, Calicium corynellum, Cercidospora ulothii, Chaenothecopsis hospitans, Diploschistes candidissimus, Lepraria caesioalba, Lepraria diffusa, Lichenoconium erodens, Lichenostigma rugosa, Placynthiella oligrotropha, Strangospora pinicola, Tetramelas pulverulentus, Thelidium zwackhii. Se presenta un catálogo de 61 taxones de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas. Todos constituyen novedades provinciales para alguna provincia de Castilla y León. Se destacan las siguientes especies por ser novedades para la comunidad y representar un aumento considerable de su rango de distribución en la Península Ibérica: Arthonia epimela, Adelolecia kolaensis, Bagliettoa baldensis, Calicium corynellum, Cercidospora ulothii, Chaenothecopsis hospitans, Diploschistes candidissimus, Lepraria caesioalba, Lepraria diffusa, Lichenoconium erodens, Lichenostigma rugosa, Placynthiella oligrotropha, Strangospora pinicola, Tetramelas pulverulentus, Thelidium zwackhii.

Se informa por primera vez de la presencia de L. ramulicola en la Península Ibérica. Se incluye una breve descripción del taxón así como algunas notas sobre su ecología y especies próximas a este taxón. L. ramulicola is reported from the Iberian Peninsula for the first time. A brief description is provided as well as some data about its ecology and some remarks on closely related species.

The first checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Castilla y León is presented. We have register 4195 records, in 196 articles. The number of recorded taxa is 1013 (987 species and 26 infraspecific taxa). 931 are lichenized and 82 represent lichenicolous fungi. Provinces with the largest number of taxa are Zamora, León and Palencia. Se presenta el primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas en la comunidad de Castilla y León. Se ha encontrado un total de 4195 citas, correspondientes a 196 publicaciones. El número total de taxones infragenéricos registrados asciende a 1013 (987 especies, y 26 taxones infraespecíficos). De ellos, 931 están liquenizados y 82 son hongos liquenícolas. Las provincias que albergan un mayor número de taxones son Zamora, León y Palencia.

The first checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Cantabria is presented. 788 records have been compiled from 57 publications. The number of recorded taxa is 460 (452 species and 8 infraspecific taxa). 430 are lichenized fungi and 30 are lichenicolous fungi. Se presenta el primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas en la comunidad de Cantabria. Se han recogido un total de 788 citas en 57 publicaciones. El número total de taxones registrados asciende a 460 (452 especies, y 8 taxones infraespecíficos). De ellos, 430 están liquenizados y 30 son hongos liquenícolas.

Los líquenes son los organismos macroscópicos dominantes en los ecosistemas terrestres de la Antártida. Con casi dos siglos de historia, el estudio de la biota liquénica antártica ha sufrido un nuevo impulso con la irrupción de las técnicas basadas en el ADN, lo que ha permitido incrementar las estimas de hongos liquenizados en la Antártida por encima de las 500 especies (Øvstedal y Lewis Smith 2011). Pese a su abundancia, poco se sabe aún sobre su origen. Alrededor de un 40% de las especies muestra un patrón de distribución bipolar o anfitropical, mientras que un 30% son endemismos antárticos (Øvstedal y Lewis Smith 2001). Durante el siglo XX, la mayoría de autores aceptaron un origen temporal dual, por el que las especies endémicas tendrían un origen relicto, anterior al Pleistoceno, y las especies bipolares (y cosmopolitas) habrían colonizado la Antártida en tiempos más recientes (p. ej. Lamb 1948, 1970; Dodge 1964; Seppelt 1995). Objetivos: La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad liquénica en la Antártida y a dilucidar su origen, enfocándose en estudios filogeográficos de especies endémicas y de especies con distribución bipolar...

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 22-07-2016, Financiada gracias a los proyectos CTM2009-12838-CC04-03 y CTM2012-38222-CO2-02 del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, así como mediante la ayuda otorgada por el Programa de Becas de Formación del Personal Investigador (FPI) código BES-2010-035550.