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We propose a methodology to narrow down the selection of design parameters of phantoms for calibrating ultrasound devices. For doing so, we model the phantoms as composite materials. Through a mathematical homogenization technique, the global properties of the phantom are given in terms of the volume fractions of its components, their geometric shapes and physical properties. We explore these parameters to determine ranges that yield the desirable values of acoustic impedance and attenuation. The procedure is illustrated for a class of sandwich-like phantoms made of layers of agar of different concentrations with complex elastic moduli. In this example, homogenization provides analytical formulae of the global properties that can be used to identify the layers’ thicknesses and concentrations that yield a low impedance and an average attenuation coefficient. These analytical results are compared with a numerical homogenization method, showing excellent agreement.

El mundo está al borde del colapso, tanto en el agotamiento de materias primas como el aumento de la contaminación producto de los desechos producidos por la humanidad. El modelo de economía lineal actual posibilita que en el mediano o corto plazo se produzca el colapso de la economía, el medio ambiente y por ende, de la sociedad, lo que traerá como consecuencia lógica el posible fin de la humanidad. Unas relaciones económicas basadas en un modelo de Economía Circular de aprovechamiento y reutilización de los productos, eliminando en la mayor cantidad posible los desechos evitaría el destino predicho según el antiguo modelo económico. Para tratar de analizar esto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos, libros y revistas de corriente principal que tratan el tema y ejemplifican los pasos que se están dando en la implementación de economías circulares aplicadas a diferentes ramas del proceso productivo. El presente trabajo es, por tanto, la realización de una búsqueda bibliográfica actualizada de artículos y trabajos especializados que acerquen el tema de la Economía Circular a su manifestación como base de la sustentabilidad empresarial y, por ende, de las economías de los países, especialmente en el área de las naciones subdesarrolladas en función de la disponibilidad de recursos materiales y su agotamiento sostenido.

Es inconcebible el mundo actual sin avances tecnológicos. Uno de los más importantes y que tendrá un tremendo impacto en el presente y en el futuro es la inteligencia artificial. En el sector de las empresas de servicios, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos, libros y revistas. Como resultado se pudo apreciar la tendencia mundial en la aplicación de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y su repercusión en las distintas ramas de los servicios apreciándose cuanto se ha avanzado en su implementación y dándonos una idea lo más clara posible de los retos que faltan por vencer.

Effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 are already available and offer a promising action to control the COVID-19 pandemic. IBD patients on biological agents accept the vaccine as well as an additional dose if recommended.Vaccination against COVID-19 prevents its severe forms and associated mortality and offers a promising action to control this pandemic. In September 2021, an additional dose of vaccine was approved in patients with immunosuppression including IBD patients on biologic agents. We evaluated the vaccination rate and additional dose willingness in this group of at risk patients.A single-center, cross-sectional study was performed among IBD patients on biologic agents and eligible for an additional dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. IBD clinical characteristics and type of vaccine and date of administration were checked in medical records. Acceptance was evaluated after telephone or face-to-face surveys in IBD patients.Out of a total of 344 patients, 269 patients (46.1% male; mean age 47±16 years; Crohn's disease 73.6%) were included. Only 15 (5.6%) patients refused the COVID-19 vaccine mainly (40%) for conviction (COVID-19 pandemic denial). 33.3% would re-consider after discussing with their doctor and/or receiving information on the adverse effects of the vaccine. Previous to the additional dose, the COVID-19 vaccination was present in 94.4% of patients (n=254). Adverse effects occurred in 53.9% of the cases, mainly pain in the arm (40%). Up to 94.1% of the patients agreed to an additional dose and 79.4% had already received the additional dose at the final time of the assessment.IBD patients on biological agents accept the vaccine as well as an additional dose if recommended. Physicians in charge of IBD units should provide information and confidence in the use of the vaccine in these IBD patients.

We report on the host properties of five X-ray-luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified at 3 < z < 5 in the first epoch of imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Each galaxy has been imaged with the JWST Near-Infrared Camera, which provides rest-frame optical morphologies at these redshifts. We also derive stellar masses and star formation rates for each host by fitting its spectral energy distribution using a combination of galaxy and AGN templates. We find that three of the AGN hosts have spheroidal morphologies, one is a bulge-dominated disk, and one is dominated by pointlike emission. None are found to show strong morphological disturbances that might indicate a recent interaction or merger event. When compared to a sample of mass-matched inactive galaxies, we find that the AGN hosts have morphologies that are less disturbed and more bulge-dominated. Notably, all four of the resolved hosts have rest-frame optical colors consistent with a quenched or poststarburst stellar population. The presence of AGN in passively evolving galaxies at z > 3 is significant because a rapid feedback mechanism is required in most semianalytic models and cosmological simulations to explain the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies observed at these redshifts. Our findings show that AGN can continue to inject energy into these systems after their star formation is curtailed, potentially heating their halos and preventing renewed star formation. Additional observations will be needed to determine what role this feedback may play in helping to quench these systems and/or maintain their quiescent state.

We present rest-frame optical emission-line flux ratio measurements for five $z>5$ galaxies observed by the JWST Near-Infared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations. We add several quality-control and post-processing steps to the NIRSpec pipeline reduction products in order to ensure reliable relative flux calibration of emission lines that are closely separated in wavelength, despite the uncertain \textit{absolute} spectrophotometry of the current version of the reductions. Compared to $z\sim3$ galaxies in the literature, the $z>5$ galaxies have similar [OIII]$\lambda$5008/H$\beta$ ratios, similar [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$ ratios, and higher ($\sim$0.5 dex) [NeIII]$\lambda$3870/[OII]$\lambda$3728 ratios. We compare the observations to MAPPINGS V photoionization models and find that the measured [NeIII]$\lambda$3870/[OII]$\lambda$3728, [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$, and [OIII]$\lambda$5008/H$\beta$ emission-line ratios are consistent with an interstellar medium that has very high ionization ($\log(Q) \simeq 8-9$, units of cm~s$^{-1}$), low metallicity ($Z/Z_\odot \lesssim 0.2$), and very high pressure ($\log(P/k) \simeq 8-9$, units of cm$^{-3}$). The combination of [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$ and [OIII]$\lambda$(4960+5008)/H$\beta$ line ratios indicate very high electron temperatures of $4.1, Comment: Accepted for publication in AAS Journals. 14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables

Antecedentes: la hiperpotasemia no oligúrica del recién nacido se presenta durante las primeras 72 horas de vida, fundamentalmente en los nacidos antes de las 28 semanas de edad gestacional. Reporte de caso: neonato de 27.2 semanas de edad gestacional, que presenta concentraciones séricas de potasio muy elevadas desde las primeras horas de vida, en ausencia de oliguria, a consecuencia de una hipercalemia no oligúrica. Clínicamente presentó bradicardia extrema acompañada de alteraciones electrocardiográficas (ondas T acuminadas y ensanchamiento del complejo QRS). Se emplean varias opciones farmacológicas de tratamiento, y no se obtiene respuesta, siendo necesaria la realización de diálisis peritoneal, con la cual se logran normalizar las concentraciones de potasio y secundariamente revertir las alteraciones cardíacas que presentaba. Conclusiones: la hipercalemia no oligúrica del recién nacido es una complicación no frecuente pero muy grave, que puede comprometer la vida del paciente si no se realiza un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. En este neonato la diálisis peritoneal resultó una opción terapéutica eficaz, que permitió normalizar las concentraciones séricas de potasio, y no se presentaron complicaciones secundarias al proceder a pesar de su bajo peso extremo.

We studied the effect of prior learning of symmetrical intraverbals on the emergence of complex intraverbals after reading a text. In Experiment 1, eighteen 7- and 8-year-old children read a text with sentences in which A and B stimuli and B and C stimuli were related (e.g., “The Alps” to “Mont Blanc,” and to “Falcon”). Thereafter, all ABC intraverbals (e.g., C–A—“Name the mountain range of the falcon”) were probed without reinforcement with written stimuli and written responses. In Condition 1, six children learned before intraverbals that relate the categories to the exemplars that served as stimuli in the text (e.g., “Name a mountain”—“Mont Blanc”—Exemplars) and learned intraverbals that relate the exemplars to the categories (e.g., “What is the Mont Blanc?”—“A mountain”—Categories.) In Conditions 2 and 3, 12 children did not learn Categories or neither Exemplars and Categories. All children in Condition 1 demonstrated the emergence of all ABC intraverbals, but not all children in Conditions 2–3 demonstrated emergence. Experiment 2 controlled that text presentations and teaching trials did not affect the results and replicated the effect. Therefore, learning simple discriminations symmetrical to one another facilitates further emergence with more complex discriminations—intraverbals—which evidence reading comprehension.

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor among women and is the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. In 2020, 90,222 deaths from breast cancer were reported in México. However, cancer cells resistant to antineoplastic drugs are frequent, which compromises the patient’s survival. For this reason, in oncology, it is essential to search for new sources of anticancer compounds. Endophytic fungi are currently considered potential reservoirs for compounds with antitumor activity. More than 100 different classes of secondary metabolites have been reported with activity against different types of cancer, including breast cancer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of methanol extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Lophocereus marginatus against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, using as controls the MA-104 cell line human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fungal strains were isolated from stems of L. marginatus and molecularly identified from ribosomal DNA internal transcript spacer region sequencing. Extraction of the secondary metabolites was performed from the maceration of mycelium fungus in methanol. The solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator and the extract was reconstituted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Next, cells were incubated with the extract at concentrations ranging from 31.25 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL for 48 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Growth inhibition was assessed by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay, using 1% DMSO was used as a negative control. IC50 values and selectivity indexes (SI) were then calculated. It was found that tumor cells growth inhibition by the extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. A. versicolor PME-H005 strain extract showed the highest antitumor activity, with up to 58.9% growth inhibition at 250 µg/mL and IC50 value of 95.21 ± 1 µg/mL against MCF-7 cells. The highest SI was obtained with MCF-7 cell s with 2.77, as compared with normal PBMC with an IC50 of 264 ± 1.5 µg/mL. In addition, the M. anisopliae PME-H007 strain presented a high SI value of 2.1 and an IC50 of 245.9 ± 1.9 µg/mL, using the MCF-7 cell line. This study shows the potential of the endophytic fungus A. versicolor PME-H005 isolated from L. marginatus for production of secondary metabolites with antitumor activity against MCF-7 cells. Citation Format: Jesica M. Ramírez Villalobos, Cesar I. Romo Sáenz, Karla S. Morán Santibañez, Patricia Tamez Guerra, Orquídea Pérez González, Reyes Tamez Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, Ricardo A. Gomez Flores. In vitro antitumoral activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Lophocereus marginatus against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-27.

Flamenco dance is internationally recognized in the world. Its uniqueness based on ancestral culture and tradition is a current projection of immemorial dances. Currently, it is performed in schools, conservatories, and the so-called flamenco shows in some destinations, where visitors can enjoy it. Therefore, it is essential to deepen its management and study. This investigation aims to analyze the flamenco dance show from the perspective of the general visitor capability. To determine loyalty, the study focuses on tourist fidelity based on the show's perceived value, quality, and satisfaction. The fieldwork has been carried out in Córdoba (Spain). There are few studies on flamenco dance from the attending visitor's perspective, this being a novelty and a contribution to research. The methodology is founded on a partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model. A structured questionnaire has been used to meet the objective, and the conclusions acquired corroborate that the agreement and quality of flamenco dance positively influence tourist loyalty and, therefore, recommend returning to the destination and repeating the visit.

Geocharis ruiztapiadori Zaballos, 1997 is redescribed, increasing more than double the morphological features used in the genus, that includes a dimorphic character and several autapomorphies. The first specimen outside of the type location is found, with a representative difference in ring sclerite. New structures described open a new way to study the Geocharis morphology and deepen into the relations with other genus of the tribe.

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar la gráfica obtenida con los datos adquiridos por medio de la técnica de análisis de espectroscopía de emisión óptica por plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP - OES), con la finalidad de indicar el parámetro velocidad de flujo, conveniente para la mayor remoción del ion contenido en agua residual de riego, perteneciente al municipio de Tilcuautla, Hidalgo, así como, en ese mismo parámetro, la mayor concentración en el flujo resultante de los iones , y . Para esto, se empleó como agente iónico intercambiador una zeolita natural tipo clinoptilolita, la cual, se procesó con , y fue colocada en un sistema experimental por goteo, a nivel laboratorio, que se basa en un método similar al de columna, el cual, es muy empleado para el saneamiento de aguas, con la diferencia de que este sistema fue realizado con un embudo de decantación y a tres diferentes velocidades de flujo: 7.8mL/min, 12.5mL/min y 100mL/min. Los resultados indicaron que el parámetro experimental adecuado para el propósito establecido, es el de 12.5 mL/min, ya que, elimina un aproximado del 39% del , el cual, causa daño tanto a las plantas como al sustrato, además, otorga al fluido resultante un 84% y 9 %, de iones y , respectivamente, que benefician a la planta. Sin embargo, la concentración del ion en ese parámetro disminuyó un aproximado del 40%.

Introducción: La fibrosis quística (FQ), afecta el epitelio exocrino, formando una mucosidad espesa que obstruye los conductos de los diferentes órganos, siendo el pulmón y páncreas los más afectados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los factores clínicos y las complicaciones, así como la supervivencia de pacientes con FQ atendidos en un centro de referencia pediátrica en México. Métodos: El presente estudio observacional, longitudinal, fue realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en México, de abril del 2012, a abril del 2022. Con una muestra no probabilística ingresaron al estudio niños con fibrosis quística. Las variables fueron: demográficas, complicaciones pulmonares, extrapulmonares y mortalidad. Se realiza la asociación con chi-cuadrado y la supervivencia con Kaplan-Meir. Resultados: Se analizan 71 pacientes, lactantes menores 41 casos (62%), pre-escolares 12 casos (16.9%). Fueron 40 hombres (56.3%). 57 casos (80.3%) tuvieron exacerbación infecciosa, 11 casos (15.5%) aspergilosis broncopulmonar, 9 casos (12.7%) con hipertensión pulmonar, 5 casos (7%) con neumotórax, 12 casos (16.9%) con ventilación mecánica, 70 casos (98.5) con insuficiencia pancreática, 10 casos (14%) con enfermedad hepatobiliar. Hubo asociación de complicaciones extrapulmonares con el fenotipo F508. La supervivencia global fue de 150 meses. En pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva la supervivencia fue de 55 meses (P

La estética de los memoriales adscritos a la hegemonía política en Chile, se ha desarrollado relevando principalmente las grandes hazañas y los nombres magnánimos del relato histórico dominante. Por su parte, la estética de las resistencias políticas sugieren, en contextos de protesta social y represión, el levantamiento de las figuras de los vencidos, nombres olvidados, mujeres y personajes excluidos del relato de la memoria tradicional. A partir del estudio de la urbe, entendida como espacio fronterizo, donde se tensionan los relatos de las memorias hegemónicas y resistentes, este trabajo propone una discusión teórica y empírica de la estética anti-monumental, aplicada al memorial erigido en Santiago de Chile en homenaje a Mauricio Fredes, que se manifiesta como el texto que subvierte los sentidos de la conmemoración, desde la insurgencia. Asimismo, este trabajo ofrece una lectura, desde la perspectiva de la historia del tiempo presente, de las condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales que sientan las bases de la ola de protestas desarrolladas en Chile en octubre de 2019, que dan como resultado la muerte de Fredes, entre otras personas, a quien la estética de las memorias de resistencia conmemora.

En este trabajo se analizan los sistemas productivos locales, mediante la identificación de su estructura empresarial y el rol que cumplen los principales sectores de la actividad económica en el territorio de Cotopaxi-Ecuador como objeto de estudio, destacando el enfoque andino-latinoamericano del desarrollo integral, territorial y sostenible, a partir de la triangulación de técnicas de análisis regional –coeficientes de especialización y localización, análisis clúster y método de Rasmussen–, para establecer una caracterización de la dinámica del sistema productivo local y sus líneas de mejora tendentes a potenciar dicho sistema. Entre los resultados se evidencia la presencia de dos clústeres provinciales, un alto grado de especialización regional en actividades tradicionales, que generan poco impacto en la productividad de la provincia y la presencia de dos sectores económicos clave.

La Inclusión en la educación superior chilena se ha enmarcado dentro del contexto del respeto a la diversidad, sustentabilidad y dignidad de las personas. La aplicación del Index for Inclusion en la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins instala como ejercicio la autoevaluación respecto de los propios procesos inclusivos. Esta investigación cuantitativa permite proponer mejoras desde la reflexión de la propia comunidad educativa respecto de la cultura, políticas y prácticas inclusivas. Conocer la comunidad, sus necesidades e intereses, respetando su potencial independiente de su diversidad, es lo que permite establecer procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza que aseguren una educación para todos y todas.

En este trabajo se estudian las condiciones de síntesis de la zeolita L mediante el método de fusión alcalina asistido hidrotermalmente, así como su capacidad de intercambio iónico. Para obtener la zeolita L se mezcló zeolita natural, Al(OH)3 y KOH a una concentración de 0.66 y 2.66 M. La mezcla fue calcinada a 400 °C durante 2 horas y posteriormente la reacción de síntesis se llevó a cabo en un reactor hidrotermal a 145 °C durante 50 y 90 horas. La zeolita obtenida se analizó mediante los métodos de caracterización de Difracción de Rayos X, Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido y Espectrometría de Masa con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente. El intercambio iónico se realizó a 25 °C durante 24 horas mediante la mezcla Cu(NO3)2 a 1000 ppm con las zeolitas sintéticas obtenidas y su capacidad de absorción de iones de Cu2+ se analizó mediante el método de espectrofotometría UV-Vis donde se encontró que la zeolita sintetizada absorbió más iones de Cu2+ que la zeolita natural.

La educación chilena actual se encuentra arraigada en una racionalidad moderna que la protege como sistema de conocimiento, este estudio pretende reconocer la importancia de fisurar esa estructura y establecer territorios de conocimiento sensible para una educación estética. Esta investigación cuestiona la incorporación implícita de habilidades sensibles en el currículo chileno, a través de una reflexión filosófica de la relevancia de la educación estética para la formación integral, apoyada en Friedrich Schiller y Friedrich Nietzsche, y de un análisis de la formulación de aprendizajes en las Bases Curriculares vigentes. El resultado esperado de este trabajo de investigación es proponer una nueva lectura de categorías taxonómicas asociadas a la sensibilidad y sugerir su inclusión explicita en el currículo chileno. La importancia de desarrollar una educación estética está dada por la necesidad de integrar diferentes saberes y expresiones del ser para crear comunidades conscientes de la alteridad.

Gran Dolina is a cavity infilled by at least 25 m of Pleistocene sediments divided into 12 lithostratigraphic units and 19 sedimentary facies. These sedimentary facies have been divided into allochthonous facies, defined as sediment inputs from the outside, and autochthonous facies, defined as sediments generated within the karst; but this division has been challenged in recent works. In this study, TD1 and TD2 units of Gran Dolina have been detailed studied and the use of autochthonous facies has been assessed. For that purpose, we have studied the stratigraphic excavation profile, combining field observation with laboratory sedimentary analysis (sieving, laser diffraction, and XRD) to characterize the texture and structure of the sediments. Based on these studies, a total of 8 sedimentary facies have been identified. Consequently, TD1 unit has been separated into two sub-units and 13 layers, while the TD2 unit has been divided into three sub-units. The facies associations indicate a succession of phreatic and vadose phases that would define together epiphreatic conditions inside the cave, related to the transition between Arlanzón valley terraces T3 and T4. Interior facies (and entrance facies for allochthonous facies) is proposed to define Gran Dolina's sediments since the facies analyses indicate transport by underground flows.

El presente artículo busca reflexionar acerca de los efectos ambientales que provocan las grandes cadenas productivas agroalimentarias. El objetivo es identificar la cadena de valor del tequila, así como sus efectos medioambientales que este va generando en cada uno de sus eslabones. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo sobre la cadena de valor del tequila, en el municipio de Tequila, Jalisco México. Los resultados muestran que existen efectos ambientales en todos los eslabones de la cadena de valor, como son degradación de suelo, emisiones de Gas de Efecto Invernadero y generación de residuos sólidos urbanos.

El caolín, con relaciones SiO2 /Al2O3 = 1.1785 - 2.6 con el uso de método de fusión alcalina es utilizado como una fuente para la síntesis de zeolitas. En cambio, la arena de caolín es clasificada como material de baja calidad, por su alto contenido en sílice, con una relación SiO2 /Al2O3 > 2.6, por lo que, encontrarle nuevas aplicaciones es de gran interés. Esto ha sido motivo para la inspiración de este trabajo, pues se busca sintetizar una zeolita con arena de caolín que tiene una relación SiO2 /Al2O3 = 3.51, a través del método de fusión alcalina, pero con la diferencia que se omite el envejecimiento para su simplificación, seguido de un proceso hidrotermal. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar por medio de difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB) y análisis elemental de espectrometría de dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDS) el producto adquirido por la síntesis, para así verificar el tipo de zeolita de acuerdo a la fase identificada, morfología y tamaño de partícula, nomenclatura y tamaño de cristales por la ecuación de Scherrer.

En la actualidad, la creación de nanopartículas metálicas (NPs) ha hecho posible el uso de nuevas tecnologías, ya que tienen propiedades únicas que difieren a las obtenidas a macroescala. Por otra parte, las zeolitas son materiales porosos de aluminosilicatos que han adquirido popularidad debido a que poseen una estructura interna que permite los procesos de intercambio catiónico, dándole un amplio campo de aplicación. En este trabajo se investiga el proceso de intercambio de la zeolita X con cobre y la síntesis de NPs de CuO localizadas en la estructura superficial de zeolita utilizando el método de coprecipitación con NaOH. El proceso de intercambio fue estudiado mediante espectroscopia de plasma (ICP-OES, por sus siglas en inglés) y el producto obtenido del proceso de síntesis se caracterizó mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX).

Health care teams are most effective at addressing complex problems and improving health outcomes for underserved populations when team members bring diverse life experiences and perspectives to the effort. With rates of visual impairment expected to increase in the United States by 2050, especially among minority populations, diversification of the ophthalmology workforce will be critical in reducing disparities in access to and quality of vision health care. Currently, ophthalmology is less diverse with respect to race, ethnicity, and gender than graduating medical classes and other medical specialties, as well as the general US population. In addition, data on diversity in sexual orientation and gender identity, socioeconomic status, and disability are lacking in ophthalmology. The Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring and Rabb-Venable Excellence in Ophthalmology Programs are examples of initiatives to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce and can serve as models for increasing other aspects of inclusiveness. Other strategies for improving vision health care for all Americans include continuing to support existing diversity programs and creating new ones; addressing unconscious and implicit bias in medical school, residency, and faculty selections; conducting holistic reviews of medical school and residency applications; diversifying selection committees and leadership; and encouraging faculty development of underrepresented groups.

Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z ≳ 10 are rapidly being identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z ≲ 7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z > 10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ≈ 5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6σ SCUBA-2 detection at 850 μm around a recently identified z ≈ 16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z ∼ 5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z ∼ 4–6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra-high redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.

We investigate how the environment affects the assembly history of massive galaxies. For that purpose, we make use of SHARDS and HST spectro-photometric data, whose depth, spectral resolution, and wavelength coverage allow to perform a detailed analysis of the stellar emission as well as obtaining unprecedentedly accurate photometric redshifts. This expedites a sufficiently accurate estimate of the local environment and a robust derivation of the star formation histories of a complete sample of 332 massive galaxies ($\mathrm{>10^{10}M_{\odot}}$) at redshift $1\leq z \leq 1.5$ in the GOODS-N field. We find that massive galaxies in this redshift range avoid the lowest density environments. Moreover, we observed that the oldest galaxies in our sample with with mass-weighted formation redshift $\mathrm{\overline{z}_{M-w} \geq 2.5}$, avoid the highest density regions, preferring intermediate environments. Younger galaxies, including those with active star formation, tend to live in denser environments ($\Sigma = \mathrm{5.0_{1.1}^{24.8}\times 10^{10}M_{\odot}Mpc^{-2}}$). This behavior could be expected if those massive galaxies starting their formation first would merge with neighbors and sweep their environment earlier. On the other hand, galaxies formed more recently ($\overline{z}_{M-w} < 2.5$) are accreted into large scale structures at later times and we are observing them before sweeping their environment or, alternatively, they are less likely to affect their environment. However, given that both number and mass surface densities of neighbor galaxies is relatively low for the oldest galaxies, our results reveal a very weak correlation between environment and the first formation stages of the earliest massive galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Objectives We present the results of our experience in the diagnosis and follow up of the positive cases for propionic, methylmalonic acidemias and cobalamin deficiencies (PA/MMA/MMAHC) since the Expanded Newborn Screening was implemented in Madrid Region. Methods Dried blood samples were collected 48 h after birth. Amino acids and acylcarnitines were quantitated by MS/MS. Newborns with alterations were referred to the clinical centers for follow-up. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies for confirmation of a disease were performed. Results In the period 2011–2020, 588,793 children were screened, being 953 of them were referred to clinical units for abnormal result (192 for elevated C3 levels). Among them, 88 were false positive cases, 85 maternal vitamin B12 deficiencies and 19 were confirmed to suffer an IEM (8 PA, 4 MMA, 7 MMAHC). Ten out 19 cases displayed symptoms before the NBS results (6 PA, 1 MMA, 3 MMAHC). C3, C16:1OH+C17 levels and C3/C2 and C3/Met ratios were higher in newborns with PA/MMA/MMAHC. Cases diagnosed with B12 deficiency had mean B12 levels of 187.6 ± 76.9 pg/mL and their mothers 213.7 ± 95.0; 5% of the mothers were vegetarian or had poor eating while 15% were diagnosed of pernicious anemia. Newborns and their mothers received treatment with B12 with different posology, normalizing their levels and the secondary alterations disappeared. Conclusions Elevated C3 are a frequent cause for abnormal result in newborn screening with a high rate of false positive cases. Presymptomatic diagnosis of most of PA and some MMA/MMAHC is difficult. Vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to maternal deprivation is frequent with an heterogenous clinical and biochemical spectrum.

La productividad de los suelos se ve influenciada por sus propiedades físicas y químicas, mismas que se afectan por diversos factores derivados del tipo de uso de suelo, por lo tanto, integrar leguminosas en los sistemas de producción de maíz resulta una alternativa ante dicha problemática. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la fertilidad del suelo a través de los parámetros físicos y químicos considerados como indicadores de la calidad del suelo; de sistemas de producción (SP) combinados con maíz-Inga vera (M-I) y maíz-Canavalia ensiformis (M-C), comparados con dos ecosistemas naturales de la región: bosque de pino-encino (BOS) y selva baja caducifolia (SEL). Se consideró la clase textural y se cuantificaron los siguientes parámetros: capacidad de campo, punto de marchitez permanente, pH, materia orgánica, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio, hierro, manganeso, aluminio y capacidad de intercambio catiónico. De acuerdo con los resultados, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los SP y los ecosistemas naturales para ninguna de las propiedades del suelo; por lo que se puede deducir que los SP pueden llegar a mantener las condiciones físicas y químicas del suelo de manera similar a un ecosistema de vegetación natural al haber utilizado especies de leguminosas. Palabras clave: nódulos, micorrizas, suelo, Canavalia ensiformis, Inga vera.

Elena García Castillo,1– 4 Tamara Alonso Pérez,1– 4 Adrián Peláez,1– 3 Patricia Pérez González,1,2,4 Joan B Soriano,1– 3 Julio Ancochea1– 4 1Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; 2School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 4Cátedra UAM-GSK “Respira Vida”, Madrid, SpainCorrespondence: Elena García Castillo, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, Madrid, CP: 28006, Spain, Tel +34 91 520 22 77, Fax +91-520-26-72, Email elenagcs@gmail.comPurpose: The prevalence of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain has been evaluated in the last ten years by EPISCAN in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. This study describes changes in the prevalence of COPD in an urban region of Spain in the last 10 years, its risk factors and underdiagnosis.Patients and Methods: Participants from the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) were selected from both studies up to the age of 80 years. A descriptive analysis of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as by gender, was conducted. COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilator ratio < 0.70.Results: The prevalence of COPD in the Autonomous Community of Madrid increased non-significantly from 11.0% (95% CI: 8.9– 13.5%) to 12.1% (95% CI: 9.6– 15.1, p=0.612). However, the prevalence by gender showed an increase in women (5.6% to 14.7%, p< 0.001) and a decrease in men (17.6% to 9.8%, p=0.08). Underdiagnosis was reduced from 81.0% to 67.9% (p=0.006), although with greater underdiagnosis in women (86.4% in EPISCAN and 100% in EPISCAN II). Smoking was higher in men than in women in EPISCAN (31.2% vs 23.0%, p< 0.01) but with no differences by gender in EPISCAN II (25.5% men vs 26.0% women, p=0.146). Age, smoking, low BMI, and a sedentary lifestyle were consistently associated with COPD.Conclusion: In 10 years in Madrid, there have been no changes in the global prevalence of COPD, but there have been important changes in women, with an increase in its prevalence, smoking habit and underdiagnosis.Keywords: COPD, prevalence, Madrid, spirometry

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) are non-invasive endoscopic techniques. They allow an early excised gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal precancerous lessions. For their application is necessary to use a submucosal injection that lifts the area to excise. The main objective of this study was the preparation of a microparticulate-based fluid for injection in the GI submucosa. Alginate microparticles (MPs) were developed by the solvent displacement technique and characterized by particle size, surface electrical properties, swelling, degradation, rheology, adhesion, leakage, syringeablity and stability. Furthermore, their potential to form a submucosal cushion was assayed in porcine stomach mucosa and porcine colon mucosa. Results showed MPs sizes below 160 μm, negative surface charge around -50 mV at pH = 6, high rates of swelling and good adhesion. The microparticulate-based fluid exhibited pseudoplastic behavior following the Ostwald-de Waele rheological model. A brief force is sufficient for its injection through a syringe. Finally, formulations were able to provide a submucosa elevation of 1.70 cm for more than 90 min and 120 min in the porcine stomach and colon, respectively.

La economía conductual evalúa la eficacia relativa de reforzamiento de nicotina mediante tareas de compra hipotética de cigarros. Esta variable es considerada una diferencia individual que predice cambios en el consumo a lo largo del tiempo. Una curva de demanda de cigarros clasifica el grado en que el consumo es insensible al incremento del precio (elasticidad), así como la interacción entre productos cualitativamente distintos como el cigarro convencional y cigarro electrónico. Se administraron tareas de compra a 38 fumadores que consumían en promedio ocho cigarros por día, se examinó el nivel de ajuste del consumo de cigarros al modelo exponencial de la demanda. Se evaluaron los productos por separado y la demanda cruzada. El promedio de cigarros reportado mostró un adecuado ajuste al modelo exponencial (R2 = .99). La demanda cruzada de cigarros electrónicos fue de 0.0026 (sustitución), sin embargo, no fue significativa. Los índices de demanda fueron predictores del patrón de consumo y puntaje de dependencia a la nicotina. Se concluyó que la preferencia de cigarros electrónicos depende de su disponibilidad y precio en relación con los cigarros convencionales. Los índices de demanda son variables importantes para el entendimiento del consumo de sustancias y el mantenimiento de la adicción.

Among the outstanding questions about the emergence of human-controlled fire is the systematic recurrence between the geochemical remains of fire and its preservation in the archaeological record, as the use of fire is considered a technological landmark, especially for its importance in food cooking, defensive strategies, and heating. Here we report fossil lipid biomarkers associated with incomplete combustion of organic matter at the Valdocarros II site, one of the largest European Acheulean sites in Spain dated to marine isotopic stage (MIS) 8/7 (~ 245 kya) allowing a multiproxy analysis of human-controlled fire use. Our results reveal isolated cases of highly concentrated and diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs (APAHs), along with diagnostic conifer-derived triterpenoids in two hearth-like archaeological structures. The presence of combustion byproducts suggests the presence of anthropogenic (controlled) fires at Valdocarros—one of the oldest evidence of fire use in Europe-in association with Acheulean tools and bones. Hominins possibly used fire for two main activities, as a means of defense against predators and cooking. Our results help to better delineate major gaps in our current knowledge of human-controlled fire in the context of the Middle-Pleistocene in Europe and suggest that human ancestors were able to control fire before at least 250 kya.

Soil erosion is one of the most recurrent environmental problems of public interest today. The western Mediterranean is an area sensitive to the effects of Climate Change, according to the latest IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, due to the proven increase in extreme events such as heat waves, extreme rainfall and droughts. Within this, the importance of competition in the territory between tourism and agriculture will be the result of radical changes in land use that are affecting the ecomorphological system to the point of making it even more susceptible due to the emergence and increase of high risks in the Mediterranean basins. Therefore, it will be essential to determine the levels of susceptibility of the basins under study with respect to erosive processes in order to create new mitigation measures to improve soil management and reduce these risks. Through this study we intend to analyze changes in land use and territorial susceptibility in several basins in southern Spain, in Malaga. The main objective is to determine the incidence and susceptibility of these basins and to analyse how they have been affected by land use changes through an observation of land use changes and the application of the RUSLE model. This project will look at the differences between two contrasting basins. One basin with steep slopes and the emergence of more sensitive crops, such as vineyards, which will increase the fragility of Mediterranean basins after torrential events, causing the appearance of a higher risk of erosion, while the other basin will be differentiated with the appearance of clearings that decrease the steep slopes together with changes to more competitive crops, such as subtropical crops. The results demonstrate the correlation between land use and torrential events in Mediterranean basins with respect to their susceptibility in their ecogeomorphological system.

Se presenta el diseño e implementación de una red de sensores gestionada a través de la tecnología IoT (Internet of Things, Internet de las cosas). La red se utiliza en una aplicación simulada de Domótica. Se integran diferentes tecnologías como la tarjeta de desarrollo photon de particle ® la cual coordina la comunicación con los diferentes sensores utilizados; Tecnología de cómputo en la nube, utilizando la aplicación Node Red de IBM ® para hacer la programación de la interfaz gráfica de usuario a la cual se tiene acceso a través de una instancia en un servidor montado en IBM Cloud, proporcionando así la posibilidad de consultar en todo momento y lugar a través de una computadora o un teléfono inteligente el estado de funcionamiento de los sensores y el valor de las variables como temperatura, concentración de gases, estado de encendido/apagado de luminarios y detección de movimiento en habitaciones. Se presentan detalles sobre la arquitectura del sistema y de los resultados obtenidos.

COVID-19 affects the population unequally with a higher impact on aged and immunosuppressed people. Hence, we assessed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune compromised patients (older adults and oncohematologic patients), compared with healthy counterparts. While the acquired humoral and cellular memory did not predict subsequent infection 18 months after full immunization, spectral and computational cytometry revealed several subsets within the CD8+T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, monocytes and CD45RA+CCR7-Tγδ cells differentially expressed in further infected and non-infected individuals not just following immunization, but also prior to that. Of note, up to 7 subsets were found within the CD45RA+CCR7-Tγδ population with some of them being expanded and other decreased in subsequently infected individuals. Moreover, some of these subsets also predicted COVID-induced hospitalization in oncohematologic patients. Therefore, we hereby have identified several cellular subsets that, even before vaccination, strongly related to COVID-19 vulnerability as opposed to the acquisition of cellular and/or humoral memory following vaccination with SARS-CoV- 2 mRNA vaccines.SUMMARYAn in depth and unbiased spectral cytometry characterization of the immune system before and after COVID-19 vaccination can predict not just subsequent PCR-confirmed infection, but also COVID-induced hospitalization in immune compromised patients.