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Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial behaviors or harmful spiteful behaviors, respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates people’s feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we test two prominent motivators of emotions: personality and ideology. Previous work has found that people’s ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group-based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, low agreeableness, low openness to experiences, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA. In the research presented here, we examine the relationship between personality, ideology, and emotions, arguing that SDO and RWA will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards different groups. SDO will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards low-status groups while RWA will predicted reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating a third ideology (left-wing authoritarianism), exploring its relationship with personality and emotions.

This study is part of a larger project that examines whether specific personality traits may be associated with group-based relative deprivation. In a previous correlational study, we found a significant (negative) association between (trait) modesty and group-based relative deprivation, amongst White Americans (i.e., a high-status, or “structurally advantaged” group), but not amongst Black Americans (i.e., a low-status, or “structurally disadvantaged” group). In the present study we aimed to examine whether this effect replicates amongst Men (ie., a high-status, or “structurally advantaged” group) and Women (i.e., a low-status or “structurally disadvantaged” group).

Abstract: Based on the person-environment fit theory and the dynamic self-regulatory model of narcissism, an occupational self-selection into the teaching profession is analysed. This examination consults two comparative groups: student teachers are compared with management students, and practising teachers are compared with business leaders. After a theoretical analysis of the narcissism phenomenon considering the social-personality perspective, the relation between the narcissism spectrum – extreme, healthy and insufficient narcissism – and the effort-reward imbalance is examined. The sample consists of n 958 test persons from Austria. Self-selection tendencies into the teaching profession are mostly confirmed. Teachers show lower levels of extreme, healthy, and higher levels of insufficient narcissism than business leaders. Student teachers show lower levels of healthy and extreme narcissism than management students. Compared to student teachers, practising teachers exhibit higher levels of insufficient narcissism. This difference can be traced back to stressful classroom conditions. Teachers obtain less reward from their work than business leaders. Lower levels of healthy narcissism lead to more overcommitment and a reinforcement of the effort-reward imbalance, and increase the risk of gratification crises in the teaching profession.

Background and Study Aim. It is a fact that in recent years people's interest in being healthy and physical appearance has increased. Therefore, it can be said that the number of people exercising is increasing day by day. It is seen that some of these people who exercise are now at the level of addiction. This study was conducted to determine the effect and relationship of personality traits on exercise addiction. Material and Methods. The sample of the study consists of 535 people, 160 females and 375 males, who are studying at Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University and selected by simple random sampling method. In order to collect data in the study a personal information form including the demographic characteristics of the participants was requested. The Exercise Addiction Scale for Youth was administered. The Five Factor Personality Scale, which consists of openness to experience, conscientiousness (self-control), extraversion, agreeableness and emotional instability (neuroticism) sub-dimensions, was used. T-test was used for pairwise comparisons and ANOVA test was used for multiple comparisons. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between personality and exercise addiction and regression analysis was used to determine the effect of personality on exercise addiction. Results. In the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference in terms of exercise addiction in the variables of gender, age, having an athlete license and years of doing sports. In addition, it was seen that there was a significant difference in terms of personality sub-dimensions in the variables of gender, having an athlete license and years of doing sports. While it was seen that there was a significant positive correlation between the participants' personality scale average and exercise addiction. It was determined that personality explained 18% of exercise addiction. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was observed that: being male and being a licensed athlete increased the level of exercise addiction; the exercise habit turned into addiction with increasing age. Personality traits were found to have a positive relationship and significant effect on exercise addiction., Передумови та мета дослідження. Фактом є те, що в останні роки інтерес людей до здоров'я та зовнішнього вигляду зріс. Таким чином, можна сказати, що кількість людей, які займаються спортом, зростає з кожним днем. Видно, що деякі з цих людей, які займаються спортом, зараз знаходяться на рівні залежності. Це дослідження було проведено з метою визначення впливу та зв’язку рис особистості на залежність від фізичних вправ.Матеріал і методи. Вибірка дослідження складається з 535 осіб, 160 жінок і 375 чоловіків, які навчаються в університеті Bandırma Onyedi Eylül і були відібрані методом простої випадкової вибірки. Для збору даних у дослідженні, по-перше, була запрошена форма особистої інформації, яка включала демографічні характеристики учасників. Потім була введена шкала залежності від фізичних вправ для молоді. Нарешті, була використана п’ятифакторна шкала особистості, яка складається з підвимірів відкритості до досвіду, сумлінності (самоконтролю), екстраверсії, приємності та емоційної нестабільності (невротизму). Т-тест використовувався для попарних порівнянь, а тест ANOVA використовувався для множинних порівнянь. Кореляційний аналіз використовувався для визначення зв'язку між особистістю та залежністю від фізичних вправ, а регресійний аналіз використовувався для визначення впливу особистості на залежність від фізичних вправ.Результати У дослідженні було встановлено, що існує значна різниця в термінах залежності від фізичних навантажень у таких змінних, як стать, вік, наявність ліцензії спортсмена та роки занять спортом. Крім того, було виявлено суттєву різницю в субвимірах особистості в змінних статі, наявності ліцензії спортсмена та років занять спортом. Хоча було виявлено значну позитивну кореляцію між середнім показником особистості учасників і залежністю від фізичних вправ, було встановлено, що особистість пояснює 18% залежності від фізичних вправ.Висновки. У результаті дослідження було помічено, що бути чоловіком і бути ліцензованим спортсменом підвищив рівень залежності від фізичних вправ, а також заняття спортом протягом тривалого часу, і звичка до фізичних вправ перетворилася на залежність з віком. Було виявлено, що риси особистості мають позитивний зв’язок і значний вплив на залежність від фізичних вправ.

Fish are often faced with selection pressure from human activities (e.g., fish angling). Therefore, morphological, physiological, personality, and life history characteristics have evolved directly in fish populations under this human-made selection. Here, we investigate the phenotypic basis of vulnerability to angling in juvenile Qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). The standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and personality (i.e., exploration, activity and boldness) of juvenile S. sinensis were determined. An angling experiment was then conducted and the hormones (i.e., ghrelin) of the individuals were examined in a laboratory at 24.9 ± 0.1 °C. Our results showed that only frequency with which the fish touched the novel object in exploration was higher in the LVA (low vulnerability to angling) phenotype than the HVA (high vulnerability to angling) phenotype, but energy metabolism (SMR; MMR; AS, aerobic scope; FAS, factorial aerobic scope), hormone (ghrelin levels) and personality (exploration, activity and boldness) did not differ between the HVA and the LVA phenotype. Principal components analysis showed that exploration was associated with boldness while activity was not associated with boldness. The AS, exploration and boldness score were inhibitory factors for the HVA outcomes, but ghrelin, activity score and exploration score did not contribute to outcomes of the HVA. These results suggest that energy metabolism, hormone levels and personality are not predictors of vulnerability to angling in Qingbo under the laboratory condition, but individuals with higher tendency to explore the novel environment are more likely to be bolder.

Drawing on the theory of dogmatism and personality traits, this research examines the consumers' shopping behavior and intentions. We propose a model, which incorporates the precepts of stubbornness and retail purchasing conduct. Data were gathered from 446 shoppers in India and analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that consumers' personality, purchaser conduct, narrowing conduct, and dependability influence their buying behavior. Moreover, consumers’ purchasing goals are influenced by assurance, customization, brand value, and social appeal. The study has practical implications for marketing managers who are focusing on customers with dogmatic behavior.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the transactional associations among maternal warmth, child temperamental inhibitory control, child externalizing behaviors, and maternal American acculturation in Korean immigrant families with young children across three time points, each 6 months apart. METHOD Korean immigrant mothers (Mage = 35.93 years, SD = 3.68) and their preschool-aged children (Mage = 4.30 years, SD = 0.98) in the U.S. participated (n = 199 at Wave 1, n = 138 at Wave 2, and n = 105 at Wave 3). Mothers reported on their family demographics, maternal warmth, maternal American acculturation, and children's temperamental inhibitory control. Teachers reported on children's externalizing problems. RESULTS Moderate to strong stabilities within each construct across time and within-time covariations among the constructs were revealed. Transactional relations between parent and child were not found. However, Wave 1 maternal American acculturation significantly influenced their level of Wave 2 maternal warmth. Wave 2 maternal warmth predicted increases in Wave 3 child temperamental inhibitory control. Maternal warmth at Wave 2 statistically mediated the association between Wave 1 maternal acculturation and Wave 3 child inhibitory control. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of examining the complex mechanisms driving the associations among child, parenting, and cultural factors in promoting positive child characteristics and parenting practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction Every 40seconds, one person in the world commits suicide. As such, suicide is considered a public health problem, and prior suicide attempt is one of the risk factors associated with completed suicide. Despite the strategies implemented and the studies carried out, in Colombia suicide figures are on the rise, more markedly in the economically active population. Objective To identify the sociodemographic, family, personal, economic and religious factors associated with suicide attempt in patients of productive age (18-62 years old) in a mental health institution in Bogota, Colombia. Methods An analytical prevalence study was conducted at the Nuestra Senora de la Paz mental health clinic in Bogota. To explore the relationship between the factors described and suicide attempt, a review of 350 medical records of the selected population was carried out. Results In total, 37.7% of the sample presented a suicide attempt. Associations were found between the suicide attempt and higher education than primary school (PR=0.47 [0.23-0.97]), no economic income (PR=1.72 [1.13-2.61]), no partner (PR=2.10 [1.33-3.32]), alcohol consumption (p=0.045), hallucinogen use (PR=2.39 [0.97-3.43]) and the presence of personality disorder (PR=1.93 [1.11-3.34]). Conclusions The results of the study are similar to those previously described in other studies around the world. There is a need to recognise and address various factors associated with suicide attempt in depressed patients in order to implement promotion and prevention actions, early identification and specific interventions that have an impact on the numbers of completed suicide in the country.

Kişilik bozukları tarih boyunca değişen tanılamalarla ve ekolden ekole değişen yaklaşımlarla açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Günümüzün tanı kitapçıklarında güncellenen yaklaşımlar ve bilimsel gelişmeler ile kişilik bozuklukları için gelişen ve daha anlaşılır olabilen tanı kategorileri oluşturulmaktadır. Yeni modeller tanı, tedavi ve klinisyenler arası ortak dil için önemli bir kaynak olabilir. Hem ICD-11’de hem de DSM-5 III. ana bölümünde daha önceki kişilik bozuklukları tanı yaklaşımının ötesinde yeni modelleri öne çıkarmıştır. Her iki modelde de kişilik işlevselliği değerlendirilerek kişilik bozukluğu incelenmektedir. Değerlendirmede önce işlevselliğin bozulmasının şiddet seviyesi, daha sonra, benlikte, kimlikte ve ikili ilişkilere yansıması gibi özellikler incelenmektedir. DSM-5 III. ana bölümde yer alan alternatif model kişilik bozuklukları bölümünde, kişilik bozukluklarında öne çıkan 5 temel özellik 25 alt özellik ve işlevselliğin değerlendirildiği bir içeriğe sahipken, ICD-11 kişilik bozukluğu modeli beş özellik ve sınırda örüntüsünü ve tanımlamasını içeren bir yaklaşımı ve işlevselliğin değerlendirildiği 4 boyutlu bir yapıyı içermektedir. İki modelin kişilikte öne çıkan kişilik özellikleri birbiriyle tamamen örtüşmemektedir. Örneğin, Psikotizm DSM-5 KB AM’de bir kişilik özelliği olarak kendine yer bulurken, ICD-11’de kişilik bozukluklarında bu özellik yer bulmamıştır. Sınırda örüntüsü DSM-5 KB AM’de bir özellik gibi isimlendirilmemektedir ancak ICD-11 sınırda örüntüsünü bir tür özellik olarak ele almaktadır. Bu durum iki kılavuz arasındaki önemli farklılıklardandır. Benzer şekilde işlevselliğin ve bozukluğun değerlendirildiği ölçütler birbirleriyle uyumlu ve paralel ilerlememektedir. Bu da iki farklı kılavuzun farklı şiddet seviyelerini eşik olarak kabul ettiği anlamını taşımaktadır. Ancak her iki modelinde kategorisel modeller yerine kişilik özelliklerin görülebildiği ve daha boylamsal süreçlerin içerdiği kişilik bozuklukları yaklaşımını kabul ettiği söylenebilir. Yeni modellerin birbirleriyle farklıklar göstermesi, tanı ve tedavi bakımından ortak dilin gelişmesine engel gibi yorumlanabilir. Türkçe dilinde alternatif kişilik bozuklukları modelleri üzerinde yeterli çalışma bulunmaması nedeniyle bu konuda yapılacak daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır., Personality disorders tried to be explained by changing diagnoses and approaches varying from school to school throughout history. With the updated approaches and scientific developments in today's diagnostic booklets, developing and more understandable diagnostic categories for personality disorders are created. New models can be an important resource for diagnosis, treatment and common language among clinicians. Both ICD-11 and DSM-5 main part section III. have highlighted new models beyond the previous personality disorders diagnostic approach. In both models, personality disorders are examined according to severity levels and prominent personality features model. Moreover, personality disorder includes structures that take into account the course of basic personality traits such as self, identity and bilateral relations. While DSM-5 part III. Alternative model on personality disorders section has a content of 5 prominent features, 25 sub-features and functionality which are all for evaluating the disorder, the ICD-11 model includes an approach that includes five features and borderline pattern and definitions, and a 4-dimensional structure in which functionality is evaluated. Although both models include models of features that stand out in personality but not completely overlap with each other. For example, while Psychoticism finds its place as a personality trait in alternative model in section III of DSM-5, as it is not accepted in personality feature in ICD-11. In contrast, the borderline pattern is not named as a feature in DSM-5 in section III, but the ICD-11 treats the borderline pattern as a kind of feature. This is one of the important differences between the two guidelines. Similarly, the criteria by which functionality and impairment are evaluated are not compatible with each other and do not progress in parallel. This means that two different guidelines accept different severity levels as thresholds. However, it can be said that both models accept the personality disorders approach, which includes longitudinal processes in which personality traits can be seen instead of categorical models. The differences between the new models can be interpreted as an obstacle to the development of a common language in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Since there are not enough studies on alternative personality disorder models in Turkish, more research is needed on this subject.

Addressing the lack of research and knowledge about organizational silence in the nascent but promising Iranian startup ecosystem, this study examines the relationship between personality factors and organizational silence in Iranian startups. Data were collected using Vakola and Bouradas Organizational Silence Questionnaire and NEO Personality Inventory filled by 532 startup employees in Iran, then analyzed by Pearson and multivariate regression tests. Hypotheses were tested through SPSS. Data analysis demonstrated that personality factors predict 17.0% of the variance of organizational silence, and there is a significant relationship between each personality factor with organizational silence in startups. The strongest and weakest correlations with organizational silence were observed for openness to experiences and conscientiousness, respectively. The study is cross-sectional, so its results cannot be casually inferred; longitudinal studies are needed to obtain more comprehensive information. Access to qualified respondents was challenging because of startup managers’ overall conservativeness spirit and tendency to withhold information about their employees. This study has implications for startup managers and decision-makers. Since it has examined a destructive organizational phenomenon in the specific context of startups, this knowledge will help managers recognize and resolve organizational silence. This study has filled the research gap by examining the organizational silence in Iranian startups for the first time and has implications for theoretical development in this novel context; furthermore, it helps startup managers to deal with organizational silence more effectively.

Objective High neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness are consistent correlates of drug use, though such patterns may be due to common familial influences rather than effects of personality per se. The present study aimed to explore associations of Big Five traits with various forms of drug use independent of confounding familial influences by leveraging differences within twin pairs to identify potentially causal (i.e., within-pair) effects of personality on use. Method 980 same-sex twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry Cohort III (Mage = 31.70, 71% female) were interviewed regarding lifetime (mis)use of cannabis, cocaine/crack, prescription and illicit stimulants, prescription and illicit opioids, sedatives, hallucinogens, dissociatives, inhalants, and solvents, and completed a Big Five inventory. Co-twin control analyses predicted the use of each drug from all traits simultaneously. Results Individual-level analyses generally showed the expected associations of neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with drug use. Familial effects were also somewhat generalized: high neuroticism, high openness to experience, and low agreeableness were associated with the use of several drug types. More specificity emerged for within-pair effects. High neuroticism was associated with prescription drug misuse; high extraversion was associated with cocaine/crack and stimulant use; high openness to experience was associated with cannabis use; low agreeableness was associated with cocaine/crack use and illicit opioid use; and no within-pair effects emerged for conscientiousness. Conclusions Trait associations common across drugs may be primarily attributable to familial effects. There appears to be more drug-specific influence of personality on use with respect to potentially causal within-pair effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

In the monograph the comprehensive analysis of the communicative specifi city of the elitist linguistic personality (ELP) in the scientifi c discourse focusing on a wide range of its presentation originality. It clarifi es the dimensions of the elitist linguistic personality objectifi cations in various aspects (psychological, social, philosophical, cultural ones), explains the ELP concept essence, substantiates the criteria of its isolation basing on the typical features inherent for the high speech culture mediums , which is respectively tested on the famous personalities’ media, epistolary, artistic, diary discourses, and the famous Ukrainian linguists’ communicative explications material.

Article is about necessity of studying elements of lexicology in ukrainian language classes in elementary school, features of lexical material processing by younger students are pointed out; the importance of studying elements of lexicology is emphasized that they assist in enrichment of younger students vocabulary, express speech, allow to express their own opinion more clear and convincingly. The research notes that a rich vocabulary helps the speaker to master better ones native language, its basic norms, helps to improve verbal and written speech. It emphasizes the need for the younger students to know ambiguous words, synonyms, antonyms, homony ms, the importance of using these groups of words, as well as words with a fi gurative meaning in their own speech. Special attention is drawn to the implementation of a communicative-active approach to the processing of basic lexicology concepts by elementary school students, since this approach provides the studying of language and speech in an inseparable relationship, which allows students to use the acquired theoretical knowledge of lexicology in specifi c speech situations. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to prove the importance of knowledge in lexicology for the formation of the linguistic personality of the younger student, enriching his linguistic competence; emphasize the role of the communicative-active approach in the holistic perception of language and speech by younger students. As, according to leading scientists, methodologists, the most effective way of implementing a communicative-activity approach of studying linguistic phenomena is the reliance on the text, the author of the article proposes his own separate texts for a deeper acquaintance of the students with lexicological concepts, the study of which is provided by current programs of Ukrainian language. Based on the research, the conclusion is that proper speech development of younger students, which today is in priority, is only possible with ommunicative-active approach to the study of elements of lexicology in elementary school. The problem of our research is relevant and requires further investigation.

The creative heritage of a famous Galician woman Konstantyna Malytska is multifaceted. It includes a number of works for children and about children, folk teachers, kindergarten workers, doctors as well as about the fate of ordinary people who lived and worked in Eastern Galicia at the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of the XX century. On the basis of the analysis of texts created in the genre of memoir, especially in its such varieties as memories, confessions, which direct the linguistic personality to active reflection and free language thinking, we outline how Kobzar’s creative works infl uenced the views of Konstantyna Malytska and her further pedagogical and public activity. The research analyzes the memories of Konstantyna Malytska: «From childhood memories», «At the fi lm of memories» and also memories of her friends, colleagues and students such as L. Burachynska «Unshakable (the attempt of autobiography)», M. F. «Literary creative activity of K. Malytska», Ivanna Petriv «The Teacher», which were included into the book «The pupil of Generations Kons tantyna Malytska: public worker, educator and writer». It was published in Toronto in 1965. Archival materials were used including a children’s play in two acts «A wreath for Taras Shevchenko’s tomb», which was written by the writer in Lviv in 1914. The purpose of the article is to characterize the infl uence of Taras Shevchenko’s works on the world outlook and further pedagogical and social activities of Konstantyna Malytska. The conducted analysis makes it possible to confi rm that the bright image of Kobzar accompanied the prominent public fi gure, educator, teacher and writer Konstantyna Malytska throughout all her life. It was also signifi cant that in 1906 – 1914 and 1920 – 1937 she worked at school named after Taras Shevchenko in Lviv.

Мета статті – охарактеризувати вербально-семантичний рівень мовної особистості студента як індивіда, що перебуває у процесі активної соціалізації та самоідентифікації, а також визначити в цьому аспекті співвідношення понять «мовна особистість» і «мовна свідомість». У статті проаналізовано прикладний аспект поняття «мовної особистості». Визначено співвідношення останнього з поняттям «носій мови» як представник соціальної групи. На основі даних експерименту охарактеризовано вербально-семантичний рівень мовної особистості студента. З’ясовано головні ознаки, за якими студенти характеризують поняття «мовна особистість», визначено ключовий підхід респондентів до мови. Описано пласти студентської лексики за функціонально-стильовим критерієм: схарактеризовано професійну та науково-термінологічну лексику, визначено підхід респондентів до понять «професіоналізм» і «термін», їх кореляцію. Здійснено аналіз нелітературної лексики: описано територіальні та соціальні діалектизми (сленгізми, жаргонізми), суржикізми, слова-паразити, «сленгові скорочення». З’ясовано підхід респондентів до різних груп нелітературної лексики, особливості інтерпретації та класифікації останньої. Охарактеризовано мовну особистість студента за частиномовною належністю та «ступенем прояву творчого потенціалу». Визначено рівні мовної ідентифікації та мовної свідомості студента. Описано критерії віднесення до низького, середнього й високого рівнів мовної свідомості та особливості їх репрезентації. За результатами експерименту, не всі респонденти усвідомлюють себе як мовну особистість. Одна з причин – низький рівень мовної свідомості як головної складової мовної особистості. Перспективу дослідження вбачаємо у розробці методик підвищення мовної свідомості студентів для запровадження їх у практику навчальної діяльності.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the Big Five model of personality traits and social media usage in a Swedish context. The paper consists of three representative studies of the Swedish population in the age range 16 to 85. In Study 1 (N = 6542), the Big Five personality factors were measured by HP5i. In Study 2 (N = 3322) and Study 3 (N = 3302), the Big Five personality factors were measured by BFI-10. Different personality inventories and time periods for data collection were the basis for the breakdown of the studies. In all three studies, social media usage was measured by a self-reported estimation of frequencies. For each study, correlation matrixes between the study variables were first presented, followed by hierarchical regression analyses to test if personality factors predicted internet users’ social media usage. Gender and age were control variables. Over and above the effects of gender and age, all three studies found that social media usage is positively associated with extraversion. The first two studies also found that social media usage is associated with a high degree of openness to experiences and a low degree of conscientiousness. The reliability of the findings is strengthened through different personality inventories, large-scale representative samples of the Swedish population, and replications over time. However, since personality and social media usage vary between different cultures and time periods, caution should be taken in generalizing the results.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the culture and speech personality development of the fi rst grade students at the Ukrainian lessons. It is noted that language learning is extremely important for development of each individual, as it provides the basis for further education, upbringing and development of students, and increases their cultural level. The process of learning language should be directed at the development of culture and speech personality and implemented through the competent approach. The specifi city of teaching fi rst grade students is that knowledges about the language and speech skills are only start their forming, therefore, in the process of teaching writing and reading it is necessary to draw upon the language sense of children. Among many strategic tasks directed at the forming culture and speech personality, the sociocultural development and systematic improvement of student’s speech take central stage. The necessity and the specifi city of realization of the linguoethnographic aspect of sociocultural competence are highlighted. The aspects purpose is forming the fi rst-graders’ national consciousness, spiritual wealth and culture. It is determined that the formation of junior school students’ sociocultural competence is signifi cantly contributed by the linguoethnographic principle. It means supporting on the communicational function of the language in the process of learning basics of communication; the formation of a positive attitude to the studied language and people – native speaker of this language and to its culture. Therefore, the sociocultural content line provides the preparation of students for the acquisition of several competences: regional studies, ethnography, linguistics and sociolinguistic. To master free communication in the Ukrainian for fi rst-graders it is expedient to use the following basic methods and means of forming a culture and speech personality: a) imitation; b) learning by heart and recitation; c) role speech situation; d) didactic games; e) verbal games; f) self-made dictionary; g) thematic lapbook. The directions and sequence of work with fi rst-graders on speech development in the period of studying grammar are generalized:1) selection of the communicative minimum; 2) interpretation of the lexical meaning of words; 3) using of regional studies material in speech; 4) using of ethnographic material in speech, 5) working with folklore texts.

ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı Amatör Spor Kulüpleri Federasyonu yöneticilerinin liderlik yönelimleri, kişilik özellikleri ve empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye Amatör Spor Kulüpleri Konfederasyonu (TASKK) çatısı altında 81 ilde faaliyetlerini sürdüren Amatör Spor Kulüpleri Federasyonlarının (ASKF) 1027 yöneticisi oluştururken örneklem grubunu kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 366 yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların liderlik yönelimlerini belirlemek için “Çok Yönlü Liderlik Yönelimleri Ölçeği”, kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek için “On-Maddeli Kişilik Ölçeği” ve empati düzeylerini belirlemek adına ise “Empati Düzeyi Belirleme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçme araçlarıyla toplanan verilerin analiz sürecinde SPSS 24 istatistik programından faydalanılmıştır. Analiz sürecinde verilerin frekans ve yüzde hesaplamasının ardından bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arası etkileşim durumları çoklu regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Açıklayan ve açıklanan değişkenler arasında doğrusal ilişki ise Korelasyon testi ile sınanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; Amatör Spor Kulüpleri Federasyonu yöneticilerinin kişilik özelliklerinin ve empati düzeylerinin Politik, İnsan Kaynaklı, Yapısal ve Karizmatik Liderlik yönelimlerinin yordayıcısı oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır., The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the leadership orientations, personality traits and empathy levels of the managers of the Amateur Sports Clubs Federation. Within the framework of this purpose, the universe of the research consists of 1027 managers of the Amateur Sports Clubs Federations (ASKF) operating in 81 provinces under the umbrella of the Turkish Amateur Sports Clubs Confederation (TASKK), while the sample group consists of 366 managers determined by the convenience sampling method. "Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale" was used to determine the leadership orientations of the participants, the "Ten-Item Personality Scale" to determine their personality traits, and the "Empathy Level Determination Scale" to determine their empathy levels. SPSS 24 statistical program was used in the analysis process of the data collected with measurement tools. In the analysis process, after the frequency and percentage calculation of the data, the interaction states between dependent and independent variables were tested with multiple regression analysis. The linear relationship between the explanatory and explained variables was tested with the Correlation test. As a result of the research; It has been concluded that the personality traits and empathy levels of the managers of the Amateur Sports Clubs Federation are the predictors of the Political, Human Based, Structural and Charismatic Leadership orientations.

This study newly investigated the joint contribution of metamemory and personality (traits and facets) in explaining episodic memory (EM) performance in typically aging older adults. Forty-eight participants (age range: 64–75 years) completed a self-paced word list (SPWL) recall task, a metamemory questionnaire assessing perceived control and potential improvement (PCPI) and self-efficacy and satisfaction (SESA) regarding one’s mental abilities (e.g., memory), and the Big-Five Questionnaire. Based on the SPWL encoding strategies reported, participants were then classified as effective (N = 20) or ineffective (N = 28) memory strategy users. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that a better SPWL performance was predicted by higher levels of PCPI, Scrupulousness and Dominance personality facets. Effective memory strategy users, then, showed higher SPWL performance and Dominance (Energy facet) than ineffective ones. These findings suggest that both specific metamemory processes and personality facets predict better EM performance in older adults. Moreover, personality dispositions relating to Dominance seem to characterize individuals adopting effective memory strategies to support EM performance. These results represent first evidence of the role of both metamemory and personality—facets—in explaining older adults’ EM performance, which should thus be considered when assessing or training EM in old age.

The present paper is a continuation of the previous publication by the author in this journal devoted to the cultural-symbolic world picture of the Latin Christian Middle Ages. Unlike the previous one, this second text reproduces the historical “picture” of the era with an emphasis not on the ontological, but on its proper cultural expression. The author as a philosopher is not so much focused on the “fact” (this is the business of historians) as on the “meaning”, taking care of the meaningful modeling of the age as a cultural phenomenon. The first part of the study is presented, devoted to the medieval culture of governance as a symbolic culture of powerful social relations.In the Preamble, considering the “fabric-textual” mythologem of “human–text–world”, the conceptual background of the study is outlined, the author’s latest revision of the general formula of the medieval cultural-symbolic picture of the world as a picture of the history of personal salvation culture is proposed, the study subject is specified, and the circle of “guides”-predecessors is defined.In § 1, the role and significance of the “vertical salvation” and its sacred nature for the Christian consciousness are considered. The creation fundamentals for transformation of the vertical into a symbolic hierarchy of medieval society are determined. With respect to a few of key philosophical and by itself jural monuments of the era, the concept of the Middle Ages as an age of absolutization of the pure Idea, therefore, of the absolutization of personal existence, is illustrated.§ 2 examines the questions of hierarchy, power, and freedom in view of their levels and options of realization in medieval society. The problems of social personalization of the “upper” and the “lower” inhabitants of the symbolic hierarchical ladder, the relationship between the hierarchical rungs, the logic of their “filling” and the per-level freedom of a medieval person on the scale of “domination–submission” have been solved. The “epochal” status of a Christian as a spiritually free person has been captured., Стаття – продовження попередньої публікації автора в цьому виданні, присвяченої культурно-символічній картині світу латинського християнського Середньовіччя. Цей, другий, текст відтворює історичну «картинку» доби з наголосом не на онтологічному, а на її культурному виразі. Автор як філософ зосереджений не так на «факті» (це справа істориків), як на «смислі», опікуючись смисловим моделюванням доби як феномену культури. Представлено першу частину дослідження, присвячену середньовічній культурі врядування як символічній культурі владних соціальних стосунків.У Преамбулі з огляду на «тканинно-текстову» міфологему «людина – текст – світ» окреслено концептуальне тло дослідження, запропоновано останню авторську редакцію загальної формули середньовічної культурно-символічної картини світу як картини історії культури особистісного спасіння, конкретизовано предмет дослідження і визначено коло попередників-«провідників».У § 1 розглянуто роль і значення «вертикалі спасіння» та її священної природи для християнської свідомості. Визначено тварні засади трансформації вертикалі в символічну ієрархію середньовічного соціуму. З урахуванням ключових філософських і власне правових памʼяток доби проілюстровано концепцію Середньовіччя як доби абсолютизації чистої Ідеї, отже, абсолютизації особистісного буття.У § 2 розглянуто питання ієрархії, влади і свободи з огляду на їхні рівні та можливості реалізації в середньовічному суспільстві. Вирішено проблеми соціальної персоналізації «верхніх» і «нижніх» пожильців символічної ієрархічної драбини, стосунків між ієрархічними щаблями, логіки їхнього «заповнення» та порівневої свободи середньовічної людини на шкалі «владарювання – покора». Зафіксовано «епохальний» статус християнина як духовно вільної людини.

This paper aims to solve two important issues that frequently occur in existing automatic personality analysis systems: 1. Attempting to use very short video segments or even single frames to infer personality traits; 2. Lack of methods to encode person-specific facial dynamics for personality recognition. Hence, we proposes a novel Rank Loss which utilizes the natural temporal evolution of facial actions, rather than personality labels, for self-supervised learning of facial dynamics. Our approach first trains a generic U-net model that can infer general facial dynamics learned from unlabelled face videos. Then, the generic model is frozen, and a set of intermediate filters are incorporated into this architecture. The self-supervised learning is then resumed with only person-specific videos. This way, the learned filters' weights are person-specific, making them a valuable source for modeling person-specific facial dynamics. We then concatenate the weights of the learned filters as a person-specific representation, which can be directly used to predict the personality traits without needing other parts of the network. We evaluate the proposed approach on both self-reported personality and apparent personality datasets. Besides achieving promising results in personality trait estimation from videos, we show that fusion of tasks reaches highest accuracy, and that multi-scale dynamics are more informative than single-scale dynamics.

The evaluation of a patient's competency to consent to treatment, regardless of the test of competency used, can be substantially affected by a number of clinical factors. The authors point out that, in assessing competency, the clinician must consider 1) psychodynamic elements of the patient's personality, 2) the accuracy of the historical information conveyed by the patient, 3) the accuracy and completeness of the information disclosed to the patient, 4) the stability of the patient's mental status over time, and 5) the effect of the setting in which consent is obtained. Inattention to these factors can lead to errors in assessment of competency that can have important implications for patient care.

Background Course of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is studded with multiple relapses. Personality factors are implicated as one of the influencing factors in the course of this disorder. Keeping in view of scarcity of Indian data available, the study was planned with the aim to find Personality traits more commonly associated with ADS patients, and identify specific traits, associated with relapses of ADS. Method With sample size of 100 consecutive cases and 100 controls, socio-demographic data was collected. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder Test (SAD-Q) were administered to each of these patient. Personality dimensions were assessed with NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) (Costa and McCrae), for both groups and further compared for differences in the dimensions in each of its subscale. Results The NEO scores, showed statistically significant difference with Cases having higher scores in Neuroticism and control group in Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism linked to higher scores of AUDIT and SADQ and also associated with relapses. Other traits also showed statistically significant association which are discussed. Conclusion As new factors are being explored for effective management, routine personality profiling is easily accomplished and can give delightful insight into focused and designed management plan.

The DSM-5 introduced an alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) that includes personality dysfunction plus maladaptive-range traits. This study clarifies relations of depression diagnoses and symptoms with AMPD personality pathology.Two samples (Ns 402 and 601) of outpatients and community-dwelling adults completed four depression (criteria met for major depressive disorder and dysthymia; dysphoria and low well-being scales), ten trait (two scales for each of five domains-negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonism, psychoticism), and eight dysfunction (four scales for each of two domains-self- and interpersonal pathology) measures. Diagnoses were made using a semi-structured interview; other measures were self-reports. We quantified cross-sectional relations between depression and personality pathology with correlation and multiple regression analyses.Collectively (median RGeneralization of findings to other populations (e.g., adolescents), settings (e.g., primary care), and measures (e.g., traditional personality disorder diagnoses) is uncertain. Cross-sectional analyses did not test changes over time or establish causality.The AMPD is highly relevant to depression. Assessment of personality pathology, including both personality dysfunction and maladaptive-range traits, stands to advance understanding of depression in adults.

Shyness trait is a double-edged personality trait, and could pose a risk in early childhood for later adjustment difficulties. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to children with shyness trait and properly supervise them in early education, where the key problem is shyness trait recognition. Although some psychological methods of shyness measurement have been presented, they are high-cost and can only get a one-sided result limited by the targeted subjects. To develop an automated method of shyness trait recognition, we collect a dataset, containing online writing data of 1,754 schoolchildren from an educational website and ground truth labels obtained by a professional scale. The natural implicitness makes shyness trait difficult to be observed from a single point of view and the class imbalanced problem increases the challenge. In this paper, a novel shyness trait recognition framework is proposed, which extracts multi-view features of online writing, including document-view, sentence-view and temporality-view ones. Different strategies with different features are applied to each single-view prediction and the multi-view prediction is made by a weighted voting ensemble. To verify the effectiveness, extensive experiments are conducted, demonstrating that the multi-view prediction significantly outperforms each single-view prediction and some advanced models of multi-view learning.

Personality traits may confer vulnerability to psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the association between personality traits and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) course. The present study investigates personality traits, OCD symptom severity, and illness duration as a predictor of OCD remission.166 treatment-seeking adults with OCD, recruited as part of the Brown Longitudinal Obsessive-Compulsive Study, completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory 3 (NEO-FFI) and were in episode for OCD at time of NEO-FFI completion. Participants were followed for up to 3 years.Results suggest individuals with OCD had a 21 % likelihood of reaching remission over the course of 3 years. Greater OCD symptom severity and longer illness duration were associated with a decreased likelihood of remission. Among the five factors of personality, only low extraversion was associated with a decreased rate of remission. Neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were not associated with remission.As this was an observational study, treatment was not controlled precluding examination of treatment on course. Further, data collected on age of onset and symptom severity during follow up were retrospective and therefore are also subject to recall bias.Our findings provide preliminary support that personality traits are potential factors impacting course and symptom presentation. Future research is necessary to determine the mechanisms in which personality traits may influence the presentation and course of OCD.

Cel pracyArtykuł prezentuje wyniki badania, którego celem była polska adaptacja Inwentarza Osobowości PiCD, skonstruowanego do pomiaru patologicznych cech w ramach nowego dymensjonalnego modelu zaburzeń osobowości, zaproponowanego w ICD-11.MetodaBadanie zostało przeprowadzone w nieklinicznej grupie N = 597 dorosłych (51,4% kobiet, M = 30,24 lat, SD = 12,07 lat). W celu oszacowania trafności zbieżnej i różnicowej wykorzystano Inwentarz Osobowości PID-5 (Personality Inventory for DSM-5; Krueger et al., 2012) oraz Inwentarz BFI2 (Big Five Inventory-2; Soto & John, 2017).WynikiWyniki wskazują na to, że polska adaptacja PiCD jest rzetelna i trafna. Alfa Cronbacha dla skal PiCD waha się od 0,77 do 0,87 (M⍺ = 0,82). Została potwierdzona czteroczynnikowa struktura PiCD z trzema jednobiegunowymi czynnikami (Negatywny Afekt, Izolacja i Dyssocjalność) i jednym dwubiegunowym czynnikiem (Anankastyczność vs Rozhamowanie). Wszystkie cechy osobowości, mierzone za pomocą PiCD, wiążą się w teoretycznie oczekiwany sposób z dysfunkcjonalnymi cechami mierzonymi przez PID-5 oraz cechami osobowości zdrowej, mierzonymi przez BFI-2, zarówno w analizie korelacji, jak i w analizie czynnikowej.WnioskiUzyskane dane potwierdzają satysfakcjonującą spójność wewnętrzną, trafność czynnikową oraz trafność zbieżną i różnicową polskiej adaptacji PiCD w grupie nieklinicznej.

The study of personality has long been one of the major themes in Psychology. Nevertheless, within the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), this research area has not received a lot of recognition, despite the strong ties of both disciplines. The objective of this paper is to describe the concept of personality and its role within the SLA field, as well as to outline the dominating research methodologies that are based on distinctive theoretical approaches. For this purpose, in Section 1 of the paper, the basic term of personality is defined, and its role in the process of foreign language acquisition is described, together with an outline of the most frequent problems encountered in the empirical studies of the concept therein. Sections 2 and 3 are devoted to the outline of the dominant theories of the study of personality: type and trait approaches. They are completed with a presentation of the most popular inventories and measuring scales assessing the concept in question that could be reliably applied in SLA research.

STEM education is a series of sequentially arranged learning programs for students with the purpose of preparing them for productive activities and education by forming levels of competences sufficient for productive activities. It covers natural sciences, technologies, technical creativity, mathematics and is aimed at training specialists (bio and nanotechnology, programmers, IT specialists, engineers, etc.) to ensure industry development. The introduction of STEM education and the development in the individual of abilities and aptitudes for research and analytical work, experimentation and critical thinking in the conditions of the use of the latest technologies will allow to increase the GDP of Ukraine by creating the basis for the formation of high added value in the labor product. One of the key tasks of STEM education is to ensure that the student's personality reaches a new level of development thanks to the formation of qualities and values for the purposeful realization of personal and socially significant goals. The realization of creative potential, abilities and aptitudes in this process contributes to the formation of a multifaceted psychological and socio-professional experience. As a result of the student's psychological activity, proposed in the process of STEM-education, competencies should be harmonized according to the components of the psychological sphere: cognitive (knowledge); operational and technological (activity); motivational (emotional); ethical; social; behavioral This will enable students at the stages of adaptation, individualization and integration to reach a self-sufficient level of autonomy and competitiveness due to the proposed algorithm of key activities., STEM-освіта є низкою послідовно розташованих програм навчання для учнів з метою їхньої підготовки до продуктивної діяльності та освіти шляхом формування рівнів компетентностей, достатніх для продуктивної діяльності. Вона охоплює природничі науки, технології, технічну творчість, математику та спрямована на підготовку майбутніхфахівців для забезпечення галузевого розвитку. Впровадження STEM-освіти та розвиток у особистості здібностей і задатків до дослідницької й аналітичної роботи, експериментування та критичного мислення в умовах використання новітніх технологій дозволить підвищити ВВП України за рахунок створення підґрунтя для формування високої доданої вартості у продукті праці. Одним із ключових завдань STEM-освіти є забезпечення виходу особистості учня на новий рівень розвитку завдяки сформованості якостей і цінностей з метою цілеспрямованої реалізації власних і суспільно значущих цілей. Реалізація творчого потенціалу, здібностей і задатків у цьому процесі сприяє формуванню багатогранності психологічного і соціально-професійного досвіду. У результаті психологічної діяльності учня, запропонованій у процесі STEM-освіти, мають гармонізуватися компетентності за складовими психологічної сфери: когнітивна (знаннєва); операційно-технологічна (діяльнісна); мотиваційна (емоційна); етична; соціальна; поведінкова. Це дасть можливість учням на етапах адаптації, індивідуалізації та інтеграції виходити на самодостатній рівень автономності й конкурентоспроможності за рахунок запропонованого алгоритму ключових діяльностей.

RESUMEN Se presenta un artículo instrumental que busca adaptar una herramienta para evaluar los estilos de aprendizaje vinculados a la personalidad, en estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario. La evaluación integral de los estilos de aprendizaje incluye tres grupos de estilos: centrados en la personalidad, en el procesamiento de la información y en el ambiente. En el ámbito local solo se dispone de instrumentos para evaluar los dos últimos tipos de estilos. El Learning Styles Type Indicator (LSTI) es una escala breve que mide estilos de aprendizaje vinculados a la personalidad de los estudiantes (Extroversión-Introversión, Sensación-Intuición, Pensamiento-Sentimiento, Juicio-Percepción). El estudio consistió en la adaptación lingüística, conceptual y psicométrica para su uso en estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario de Argentina. Para ello, se tradujo el instrumento del inglés al español y se realizó un análisis de validez de contenido. Luego, se analizó su estructura interna mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio que conservó ocho reactivos agrupados en dos factores (Extroversión-Introversión y Sensación-Intuición). El modelo se verificó a partir del cálculo de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, al igual que su equivalencia métrica según género y nivel educativo. Así, se obtuvo una versión breve para evaluar dos estilos de aprendizaje asociados a la personalidad de estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario en el medio local. ABSTRACT An instrumental article is presented that seeks to adapt a tool to assess learning styles linked to personality, in high school and university students. Learning approaches’ multi-focused assessment encompasses three groups of styles regarding personality, information processing, and the environment. Scales measuring the information processing and the environment-related styles are currently available in the local market. The Learning Styles Type Indicator (LSTI) is a brief scale that assesses learning approaches related to students’ personality (Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving). The study aimed at developing a linguistic, conceptual, and psychometric adaptation of the scale in order to use it in high school and college Argentinian students. To do so, the scale’s translation from English to Spanish was completed followed by a content validity evidences study. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out in order to analyse the scale’s internal structure. Eight items, grouped into two factors (Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving), were retained. A confirmatory factor analysis verified the model extracted in the previous step. Moreover, the model’s metric equivalence was tested and verified by gender and educational level. Thereby, the resulting version enables the brief assessment of two learning approaches linked to high school and college students’ personality.

The research was designed in the relational survey model to reveal the relationship between school administrators’ personalities and their spiritual leadership levels. The study was conducted with 160 school administrators. Spiritual Leadership Scale and Five Factor Inventory were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. School administrators showed personality traits related to the highest conscientiousness and the lowest neuroticism. School administrators exhibited the highest level of altruistic love, the lowest level of vision and faith spiritual leadership. The spiritual leadership levels of school administrators on the basis of dimensions and in general were relatively high. The spiritual leadership levels of school administrators differed according to seniority and managerial position in vision and faith dimension. Positive and negative relationships at low and medium levels were found between the personality traits of school administrators and their spiritual leadership levels. Personality traits of school administrators affect their vision and faith, altruistic love and general spiritual leadership.

Resumen El presente estudio buscó analizar las variables psicológicas que predicen la conducta de juego problemático en un grupo de 173 universitarios, hombres y mujeres, de Ingeniería de primeros ciclos de formación en una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. El rango de edades fue de 16 a 23 años (M = 17.9; DE = 1.2) y se aplicaron el Inventario de personalidad NEO FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992), el Inventario de estrés académico (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), el Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) versión traducida al español por García-Ros y Pérez-González (2012), y el South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997). Los resultados mostraron que el manejo del tiempo libre se comporta como un predictor moderado del juego problemático (coeficiente estandarizado = -.33), seguido de la personalidad en su dimensión de agradabilidad (coeficiente estandarizado = -.29), mientras que el estrés académico, mostró menor capacidad significativa predictiva (coeficiente estandarizado = .10). Se examinan las repercusiones de los resultados en relación con la problemática y las posibles vías de intervención en materia de prevención. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the psychological variables that predict problem gambling in 173 engineering students, men and women, from the first years of study at a private university in Lima, Perú. The age range was 16 to 23 years (M = 17.9, SD = 1.2) and the participants answered the following tests: the Personality Inventory NEO FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992), the Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) version translated into Spanish by García-Ros and Pérez-González (2012), and the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997). The results indicated that the management of free time is a moderate predictor of problem gambling (standardized coefficient = -.33), followed by the agreeableness personality´s factor (standardized coefficient = -.29), while academic stress showed lower predictive capacity (standardized coefficient = .10). The results are discussed in relation to possible ways to prevent problem gambling. Resumo O estudo aqui apresentado buscou analisar as variáveis psicológicas que predizem o comportamento de jogo problemático num grupo de 173 estudantes de engenharia, homens e mulheres, dos primeiros semestres de ensino numa universidade privada na região Metropolitana de Lima. A faixa etária foi de 16 a 23 anos (M = 17,9, DP = 1,2) e foram aplicados o Inventário de Personalidade NEO FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992), o Inventário do Estresse Acadêmico (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), o Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) versão traduzida ao espanhol por García-Ros e Pérez-González (2012), e o South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997) . Os resultados indicaram que a gestão do tempo livre se comporta como um preditor moderado do jogo problemático (coeficiente padronizado = -.33), seguido pela personalidade em sua dimensão de agradabilidade (coeficiente padronizado = -.29), enquanto o estresse acadêmico mostrou uma menor capacidade preditiva significativa (coeficiente padronizado = 0,10). As repercussões dos resultados com referência ao problema e as possíveis vias de intervenção para a prevenção são discutidas. Résumé Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les variables psychologiques qui prédisent le comportement de jeu problématique dans un groupe de 173 étudiants d’ingénierie, hommes et femmes, des premières années de formation d’une université privée de Lima Métropolitaine. La tranche d’âge était de 16 à 23 ans (M = 17.9, SD = 1.2). Les participants ont répondu aux questionnaires suivants : / Les participants ont complété le NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1992), le Stress Inventory SISCO Academic (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), la version traduite à l’espagnol par García-Ros et Pérez-González (2012) du Time Management Behaviour Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) et le South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997). Les résultats ont indiqué que la gestion du temps libre se comporte comme un prédicteur modéré du jeu problématique (coefficient standardisé = -0.33), suivi de la personnalité dans sa dimension agréabilité (coefficient standardisé = -0.29), tandis que le stress académique a montré une capacité prédictive moins significative (coefficient standardisé = 0.10). Les implications des résultats concernant la problématique et les possibles voies d’intervention en prévention sont discutées.

Background: Personality type plays a key role in how individuals respond to a variety of stimuli; however, it is unclear if there is a significant influence on pain perception. While pain is associated with many conditions, chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating problems in modern society. Treating this condition can be a challenge and clinicians must understand all factors that can influence pain perception. Purpose: The present study investigated the relationship between personality type and pain experience in patients experiencing cLBP. Methods: One hundred twenty-four participants completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), which identifies two major components of the human personality, neuroticism, and extraversion. Participants also completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The association between pain and personality was determined with a Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. A hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward’s clustering method examined for subgroups of individuals based on these variables. Results: The neuroticism score (EPI-N) was found to have a statistically significant relationship with all pain outcome measures. This suggests that people exhibiting a neurotic personality type are likely to have more fear of movement (p = 0.001), greater catastrophizing behavior (p < 0.001), higher self-reported levels of disability (p < 0.001), and higher overall reported levels of pain (p = 0.046) than those with other, more stable personality types. Three clusters were derived with varying levels of pain-related factors and personality. Conclusions: Personality type appears to have an influence on many of the attributes associated with cLBP and may be a useful determinate in both prognosis and interventions.

Hive Digital Media has a diverse employee workforce with employees from different generations. The management team is struggling to motivate the employees, instruct employees to perform tasks adequately and consistently and have seen an increase in employee turnover. This study aimed to explore the challenges managers facing when dealing with multi-generational workforce. Qualitative research was conducted among managers to understand how they manage multi-generational workforce. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. One-on-one in-depth interview was conducted virtually, and open-ended questions were used to collect the data. The study found that managers should understand the different generations and their personalities as a base. Managers must then take the time to identify each employee as an individual person and what the need, wants and goals are of each employee. By managers upskilling themselves with knowledge on the different generations, they can equip themselves with the tools they need to solve the challenges successfully. Managers need to make a concerted effort to make time for communication and getting to know each individual employee. Using the information on the different generations as a base but gaining in-depth information on employees. It could be concluded that although it is important to understand the different generations, personalities need to be managed and categorising or stereotyping employees into generation groups needs to be avoided.

Background To clarify the association between psychosocial problems and frailty in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and to develop strategies for preventive long-term care in the community, we launched the Kesennuma Study in 2019. This report describes the study design and the participants' profiles at baseline. Methods The prospective study comprised 9,754 people (4,548 men, 5,206 women) randomly selected from community-dwelling independent adults aged 65 to 84 who were living in Kesennuma City, Miyagi. The baseline survey was conducted in October 2019. It included information on general health, socio-economic status, frailty, lifestyle, psychological factors (e.g. personality, depressive moods), and social factors (e.g. social isolation, social capital). A follow-up questionnaire survey is planned. Mortality, incident disability, and long-term care insurance certifications will also be collected. Results A total of 8,150 questionnaires were returned (83.6% response rate), and 7,845 were included in the analysis (80.4%, mean age [SD] 73.6 [5.5] years; 44.7% male). About 23.5% were considered frail. Regarding psychological and social functions, 42.7% had depressive moods, 29.1% were socially isolated, and only 37.0% participated in social activities at least once a month. However, 82.5% trusted their neighbours. Conclusions While local ties were strong, low social activity and poor mental health were revealed as issues in the affected area. Focusing on the association between psychological and social factors and frailty, we aim to delay the need for long-term care for as long as possible, through exercise, nutrition, social participation, and improvement of mental health.

Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for one's past. We examined the effect of a 6-week, weekly nostalgia intervention on well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, subjective vitality, and eudaimonic well-being) over time. After 3 weeks, participants who engaged in nostalgic reflection had higher well-being than those who engaged in ordinary reflection. After 6 weeks, and at a 1-month follow-up, the positive effect of nostalgic reflection was reserved for those who were high on dispositional nostalgia (i.e., well-suited to the nostalgia intervention). However, at these time points, nostalgic reflection was associated with lower well-being among those particularly low on dispositional nostalgia. Across time points, nostalgic reflection was beneficial to the degree that it fostered social connectedness, meaning in life, and self-continuity, pointing to mechanisms that drive nostalgia's positive influence on well-being. In summary, weekly nostalgic reflection has temporary well-being benefits for most (out to 3 weeks) and, beyond that, is a matter of fit-beneficial or adverse to those especially high or low on dispositional nostalgia, respectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Numerous studies have questioned the reliability and validity of borderline personality disorder's (BPD) categorical conceptualization. DSM-5 Section III's alternative trait-based model of BPD may better capture borderline pathology, but aspects of its validity should be further established. Thus, the authors examined whether a latent BPD factor derived from Section III traits exhibits (1) familial aggregation among siblings and (2) association with constructs related to borderline pathology. The authors also tested whether gender moderated associations. A total of 498 community-recruited adults completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, a behavioral assessment of risk-taking, and reported their history of childhood maltreatment, substance use, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation. Familial aggregation was assessed among 232 sibling pairs. Siblings' BPD scores were significantly correlated and most external validators were significantly associated with BPD, with the exception of risk-taking. Results did not vary by gender. Findings further support the construct validity of Section III's BPD trait profile.

People are excessively confident that they can judge others' characteristics from their appearance. This research identifies a novel antecedent of this phenomenon. Ten studies (N = 2,967, 4 preregistered) find that the more people believe that appearance reveals character, the more confident they are in their appearance-based judgments, and therefore, the more they support the use of facial profiling technologies in law enforcement, education, and business. Specifically, people who believe that appearance reveals character support the use of facial profiling in general (Studies 1a and 1b), and even when they themselves are the target of profiling (Studies 1c and 1d). Experimentally inducing people to believe that appearance reveals character increases their support for facial profiling (Study 2), because it increases their confidence in the ability to make appearance-based judgments (Study 3). An intervention that undermines people's confidence in their appearance-based judgments reduces their support for facial profiling (Study 4). The relationship between the lay theory and support for facial profiling is weaker among people with a growth mindset about personality, as facial profiling presumes a relatively unchanging character (Study 5a). This relationship is also weaker among people who believe in free will, as facial profiling presumes that individuals have limited free will (Study 5b). The appearance reveals character lay theory is a stronger predictor of support for profiling than analogous beliefs in other domains, such as the belief that Facebook likes reveal personality (Study 6). These findings identify a novel lay theory that underpins people's meta-cognitions about their confidence in appearance-related judgments and their policy positions. Nanyang Technological University This research was supported by a Nanyang Assistant Professorship grant awarded by Nanyang Technological University to Krishna Savani.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth Edition's (DSM-5) Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) was introduced as a dimensional rating of impairments in self- and interpersonal functioning, and the LPFS-Brief Form (LPFS-BF) was the first published corresponding self-report. The updated LPFS-BF 2.0 has been translated into several languages and international research supports many of the instrument's psychometric properties; however, its measurement invariance has only been evaluated across a few countries. This study expands previous studies as an introductory step in a global evaluation of the LPFS-BF 2.0s measurement invariance. Archival data (N = 5,618, 57% female) from seven countries (Canada, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Arab Emirates, United States of America) were used for this study. Participants were recruited from both community (n = 4,677) and student (n = 941) populations. After confirming adequate model fit separately in the community and student samples, we evaluated a series of increasingly stringent model comparisons to test three aspects of measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar) and then examined latent mean differences across countries. Full scalar invariance was supported in the community sample and partial scalar invariance was supported in the student sample. Evaluation of latent mean differences revealed multiple significant differences. Overall, the LPFS-BF 2.0 appears to assess self- and interpersonal functioning impairment similarly across the included countries. Findings are discussed through the lenses of the cultures from which participants were recruited, as well as in the context of alternative explanations. Limitations, plans for future research, and implications for both research and clinical practice are offered.

Several lines of research document various relational and personal benefits of gratitude and its key behavioral manifestation, expressed gratitude. Integrating these lines, we propose the three-factorial interpersonal emotions (TIE) analytical framework, using two directions of gratitude behavior-expression and receipt of the expression-perspectives of both individuals reporting those behaviors-the acting self and the observing partner-and two temporal scopes to examine gratitude-the dispositional and the situational (operationalized as one's 2-week average thanking behavior and daily variations around the average, respectively). These describe eight (2 × 2 × 2) prototypical aspects of behavioral manifestations of interpersonal emotions such as expressed gratitude. We demonstrate the TIE model using a well-powered dyadic daily-diary dataset of naturally emerging gratitude interactions within romantic couples. Results show all aspects of situational gratitude behavior uniquely forecast daily increases in relationship satisfaction; these effects mediate contemporaneous daily increases in life satisfaction, and are not attributable to self-disclosure, fairness, politeness, or general positivity. Alternatively, although they each show a zero-order effect, many aspects of dispositional gratitude behavior do not exert independent effects on relationship or life satisfaction, nor do they hold against the four nongratitude constructs. Exemplifying the utility of the TIE model, we conclude behavioral gratitude is an everyday phenomenon; it comprises related yet distinguishable interpersonal acts, and can be understood from the different perspectives of the actors involved. Methodologically, our work shows the value of bringing relationship-science techniques to study the social functions of emotions, and generates new questions about gratitude in everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined patients' personality traits as operationalized by the five-factor model in relation to early alliance and reduction of interpersonal distress through an intensive group treatment program for personality dysfunction. A sample of 79 consecutively admitted psychiatric outpatients with personality dysfunction who attended an 18-week intensive group treatment program completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory at pretreatment, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at pre- and posttreatment, and the Edmonton Therapeutic Alliance Scale, a measure of the therapeutic alliance with the program therapist, at Session 5. Results indicated that patients who were relatively extraverted tended to rate the alliance with their program therapist higher and subsequently reported more improvement of interpersonal distress. The presence of a personality disorder did not moderate this mediation. Patients' extraversion likely promotes a bonding with the therapist and facilitates the interpersonal group work necessary for improvement. Assessing patients' level of extraversion before starting intensive group treatment might indicate which intervention strategies could be useful with that patient within the program frame.

Students with varying personality traits are likely to employ diverse learning and study strategies. However, this relationship has never been explored in the medical education context. This study's aim was to explore the relationship between learning strategies and personality traits among medical students. This study was a cross-sectional study, and a quantitative approach was employed using two self-administered questionnaires: one to assess the personality traits from the Five-Factor Model (Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, and Agreeableness), and the other to assess 10 learning strategies (Anxiety, Attitude, Concentration, Information Processing, Motivation, Selecting Main Ideas, Self-Testing, Test Strategies, Time Management, and Using Academic Resources). A stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit medical students at Alfaisal University in the preclinical and clinical years (

Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread muscular pain and tenderness with no evidence of soft tissue inflammation. Early-life stressors and traumatic events have been described to increase the risk of developing a number of psychiatric conditions, and conditions related to chronic pain in later life such as fibromyalgia on the other hand. In this overview of the literature on the topic, we present the impact that traumatic life events can have on fibromyalgia symptoms through serotonin activity on pain perception and personality traits.

To enhance formulation and interventions for emotional distress symptoms, research should aim to identify factors that contribute to distress and disorder. One way to formulate emotional distress symptoms is to view them as state manifestations of underlying personality traits. However, the metacognitive model suggests that emotional distress is maintained by metacognitive strategies directed by underlying metacognitive beliefs. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the role of these factors as predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 4936 participants collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits (especially neuroticism) were linked to anxiety and depression, but metacognitive beliefs and strategies accounted for additional variance. Among the predictors, metacognitive strategies accounted for the most variance in symptoms. Furthermore, we evaluated two statistical models based on personality traits versus metacognitions and found that the latter provided the best fit. Thus, these findings indicate that emotional distress symptoms are maintained by metacognitive strategies that are better accounted for by metacognitions compared with personality traits. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-CH). The IPO-CH was administered to a sample of 336 Chinese undergraduates, and, among them, 125 participants completed the survey 2 months later. Results showed that the IPO-CH has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .95) and test-retest reliability (r = .60). Exploratory factor analysis did not replicate the original five-factor model but suggested a four-factor model. The IPO-CH manifested good concurrent validity and convergent validity concerning the severity of the pathological personality disorder symptoms. Furthermore, the IPO-CH predicted participants’ depression severity and life events evaluated 2 months later. Future research may need to evaluate its properties in Chinese clinical samples.

Emerging adulthood describes the developmental life stage between adolescence and adulthood, when young people gain important educational and social-emotional skills. Here, we tested to what extent intelligence and personality traits in adolescence, family socioeconomic status (SES), and their interplay predict educational (e.g., educational attainment, degree classification) and social-emotional outcomes (e.g., well-being, volunteering, substance use) in emerging adulthood in a U.K.-representative sample (

OBJECTIVE Somatic complaints are known to complicate recovery after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but the construct is poorly understood due to evolving definitions of associated disorders and uncertainty related to its position within the broader construct network of psychopathology. Methods: To better understand measures of somatic symptom reporting widely used with mTBI patients, we examined relationships between the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Somatization (SOM) scale, the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Somatic Complaints (RC1) scale, other measures of psychological and personality functioning, and mTBI in both athlete concussion (n = 100) and civilian trauma (n = 75 mTBI, n = 79 orthopedic injury) samples. Results: The association between post-injury SOM and RC1 was moderate (r=.37-.46) and similar to associations between these inventories and depression and anxiety symptoms. In civilians with mTBI, RC1 was more strongly associated with diverse personality dimensions than SOM. mTBI athletes reported increases in somatic symptoms from pre- to post-injury, with larger group effect sizes on SOM (ηp2 = 0.34, p < .001) than RC1 (ηp2 = 0.09, p = .003). Civilian mTBI patients showed a trend for somewhat higher post-injury RC1 scores than orthopedic trauma controls (ηp2 = 0.02, p = .068). Conclusions: Findings add to the current knowledge of the influence of somatic complaints in mTBI. BSI-18 SOM and MMPI-2-RF RC1 are not interchangeable, as they are only modestly correlated and demonstrate differing associations with other clinical outcomes and mTBI.