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Background and Study Aim. In addition to their physiological effects, epidemics negatively affect the motivation of individuals by causing varying levels of psychosocial problems such as stress, fear, anxiety and depression. At this point, psychological resilience is considered as an important variable in reducing and preventing the psychological effects of epidemic anxiety. The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between epidemic anxiety of physical education teacher candidates and their academic motivation. Materials and Methods. The study group of the research, which was designed in the relational screening model, consists of 451 physical education teacher candidates. They are studying in the 4th grade of the Physical Education and Sports Teaching program of the universities. The data of the research was collected with “Personal Information Form”, “Epidemic Anxiety Scale”, “Academic Motivation Scale” and “Brief Psychological Resilience Scale”. Descriptive statistics techniques, correlation and regression analyzes were used to analyze the data. The PROCESS macro extension was used for mediation analysis. Results. The mean score levels of physical education teacher candidates were 57.03±14.52 for epidemic anxiety, 92.74±15.72 for academic motivation, and 20.26±5.00 for psychological resilience. While epidemic anxiety predicted psychological resilience (95%CI [-0.168; -0.109], p0.05) became insignificant. Psychological resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between epidemic anxiety and academic motivation. Conclusions. Psychological resilience emerged as an essential variable in preventing the psychological effects of physical education teacher candidates regarding epidemic anxiety and increasing their academic motivation., Передумови та мета дослідження. Окрім фізіологічних наслідків, епідемії негативно впливають на мотивацію людей, викликаючи різні рівні психосоціальних проблем, таких як стрес, страх, тривога та депресія. На даний момент психологічна стійкість розглядається як важлива змінна для зменшення та запобігання психологічним наслідкам епідемічної тривоги. Основною метою цього дослідження є вивчення опосередкувальної ролі психологічної стійкості у взаємозв’язку між епідемічною тривогою кандидатів у вчителі фізичного виховання та їхньою академічною мотивацією. Матеріали та методи. Дослідницька група дослідження, яка була розроблена в моделі реляційного скринінгу, складається з 451 кандидата вчителя фізичної культури. Вони навчаються в 4 класі за програмою «Фізична культура і спорт» університетів. Дані дослідження були зібрані за допомогою «Форми персональної інформації», «Шкали епідемічної тривоги», «Шкали академічної мотивації» та «Короткої шкали психологічної стійкості». Для аналізу даних використовувалися методи описової статистики, кореляційний і регресійний аналізи. Розширення макросу PROCESS використовувалося для аналізу посередництва. Результати. Середній бал кандидатів на посаду вчителя фізичної культури становив 57,03±14,52 за епідемічну тривожність, 92,74±15,72 за академічну мотивацію та 20,26±5,00 за психологічну стійкість. У той час як епідемічна тривожність передбачала психологічну стійкість (95% ДІ [-0,168; -0,109], p0,05) став незначним. Психологічна стійкість відіграє посередницьку роль у зв’язку між епідемічною тривогою та академічною мотивацією. Висновки. Психологічна стійкість стала важливою змінною для запобігання психологічним наслідкам кандидатів у вчителі фізичного виховання щодо епідемічної тривоги та підвищення їх академічної мотивації.

Ecosystem health is one of the most important topics for ecosystem management and it is also the main core in ecosystem assessment. In this study, a regional ecosystem health assessment (REHA) method is adopted to develop a spatial ecosystem health framework for Gorgan Township, North-Eastern Iran. The REHA methodology refers to an ecosystem mosaic's ability to both maintain physical health and guarantee the supply of the Ecosystem Services (ES) necessary for human communities. In order to spatially quantify ecosystem health, an integrated evaluation of land use land cover (LULC) change and ecosystem services modelling was implemented. The analysis revealed that during 1987–2005, there was a slight decline in the mean regional ecosystem health that occurred in Gorgan Township (−0.86), especially within urban vegetation and suburban areas. The built-up areas and expansion of agricultural fields into natural lands were influential factors affecting the overall regional ecosystem health value. Our result showed that among all the ecosystem health indicators, ecosystem resilience and ecosystem vigour were the most important factors positively and negatively influenced the REH in the study area. Relations between land use patterns, Ecosystem Health (EH), and ES in the study area indicate high intricacy of the structure-functional interaction within the landscape. Providing local managers with their integrative model may become a useful tool for efficient natural resource management on the one hand, and the protection of valuable ecosystems on the other.

In Africa's Great Lakes region, many rural communities face serious challenges including chronic poverty, lack of infrastructure, high unemployment, inadequate education systems and healthcare services, as well as a fundamental absence of public social protection mechanisms. In some contexts, rural dwellers suffer from the additional burden of armed conflict and political violence. Yet, rural populations show remarkable indications of resilience and exhibit innovative ways of handling their problems by themselves. Some of these approaches can be qualified as social innovations. With its focus on the role of social work in rural social innovation processes, this article aims to contribute to some under-researched aspects at the intersection of social innovation, rural studies, and social work practice. Empirical evidence of rural social innovations is based on a regional study on indigenous and innovative models of problem solving in five African countries. Here, the focus is on two case examples from Uganda and Rwanda. For Uganda, a community-based concept of household clusters to promote rural development called akabondo is presented. The example from Rwanda is called umugoroba w'ababyeyi and refers to a family strengthening and community development program that has been mainstreamed into government policies. This model is located in the challenging context of a post-genocide society. A critical analysis of these models refers to the question whether they fall into the category of a social innovation; to major players in implementing such innovations; to their impact on rural communities and the wider society; as well as to challenges facing such innovations.

Many children in the world grow up without good enough opportunities under challenging conditions such as poverty, violence, neglect, abuse, family discord and diseases. These conditions hinder the mental, emotional and social development of children and young people, making it difficult for them to reach their potential to become healthy adults. In addition to all these, there are children who can survive even in the most severe conditions and continue their development with health and functionality. Psychological resilience is a resource that protects and develops the psychological well-being of children and adolescents, rather than an invariable, innate feature, it is a dynamic process that can be developed, continuous and shaped by the interaction of the individual with his own internal factors and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to present a review of the literature on resilience research from past to present. The article includes the definition of resilience, the history of resilience research, components of resilience, models, measurement, interventions, and future directions in resilience research. Investments in the development of resilience in children and adolescents will produce health-promoting outcomes that balance individual and community-based psychological well-being throughout life, including positive outcomes and potential improvements., Dünyada pek çok çocuk yoksulluk, şiddet, ihmal, istismar, aile uyumsuzlukları, hastalıklar gibi zorlayıcı koşullar altında büyümektedir. Bu koşullar, çocukların ve gençlerin zihinsel, duygusal, sosyal gelişimlerini engelleyerek sağlıklı birer yetişkin olma potansiyeline ulaşmalarını güçleştirebilmektedir. Bütün bunların yanında, en ağır koşullarda bile hayatta kalabildiği gibi gelişimlerini sağlıkla ve işlevsellikle sürdürebilen çocuklar da vardır. Psikolojik sağlamlık, değişmez, doğuştan gelen bir özellikten ziyade çocuklar ve ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşunu koruyan ve geliştiren bir kaynak, bireyin kendi iç faktörleri ve çevresel faktörlerle etkileşimiyle şekillenen ve süreklilik arz eden, geliştirilebilen dinamik bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada amaç, geçmişten bugüne psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmalarına dair uzanan bir alanyazın gözden geçirmesi sunmaktır. Makalede psikolojik sağlamlık tanımı, psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmaları tarihçesi, psikolojik sağlamlık bileşenleri, modelleri, ölçümü, müdahaleleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık araştırmalarında gelecek yönelimlere yer verilmiştir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde psikolojik sağlamlık gelişimine yapılan yatırımlar, pozitif sonuçlar ve potansiyel iyileşmeler dahil olmak üzere yaşam boyu birey ve toplum temelli psikolojik iyiliği dengeleyici, sağlığı teşvik eden sonuçlar ortaya koyacaktır.

The objective of this study was to describe the psychological and quality of life outcomes in demobilized Colombian ex-combatants.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 ex-combatants from the Colombian government's reintegration program. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We applied the Beck-II Depression Inventory, Resilience Scale, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF) for measuring symptoms of depression, resilience, discrimination, and quality of life, respectively.The prevalence of PTSD was 63,8%, principally on ex-combatants with ≤10 years in the reinstatement program. Females with primary/elementary school, extremely low social status, unipersonal family type, family income1 minimal wage, and symptoms of depression showed a higher prevalence ratio (1.30). The mean scores of depression symptoms, resilience, and quality of life were systematically poorer in the group with PTSD. Significant differences were found Resilience scale domains Personal Competence (p = .043) and Acceptance of Self and Life (p = .012), WHOQOL-BREF Psychological (p = .029) and Environment domains (p = .015).Colombian ex-combatants with PTSD attending a reinstatement program presented a higher frequency of depression symptoms, lower quality of life, and lower resilience than those without PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Aim: It is aimed to contribute to the literature with the broad support of participants actively working in the field during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. This study was conducted to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived stress levels and psychological resilience of healthcare professionals.Material and Method: A total of 856 healthcare professionals, actively working in the COVID-19 pandemic process across Turkey, participated in the research. The data in the study were collected using the “11 Demographic Questions”, the “Four-Item Perceived Stress Scale”, developed by Cohen and friends, and the “Six-Item Brief Resilience Scale”, developed by Smith and friends to measure psychological resilience levels. The statistical analysis of the study was performed by using SPSS 23. The data, which were not normally distributed, were compared using the Mann Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test. Correlation between the variables was examined via Spearman’s correlation analysis and the data, which were not normally distributed, were presented as median.Results: It was found that the mean score of the perceived stress scale was 12.7±2.9 and the mean score of psychological resilience was 17.8±4.9. It was determined that there was a moderately negative significant correlation between perceived stress and psychological resilience (r:-0.542 p

Abstract. Background: Although a wide range of studies discuss prevalence and risk factors associated with self-harm, protective factors that are equally important are rarely explored. Moreover, much of our understanding of young individuals who engage in self-harm come from studies conducted in Western countries with very little emphasis on marginalized groups. Aim: This scoping review identifies research on resilience among marginalized youth and youth living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) who show evidence of self-harm. Method: A scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework was conducted. This effort included drawing upon peer-reviewed research published between January 2000 and September 2020 to identify protective factors and coping strategies that are employed by individuals 10–29 years old with self-harming tendencies. Results: A total of 15 original papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the LMIC publications were from China. Social support, positive youth development, and religiosity were the most frequently reported protective factors. Conclusion: Despite widespread concern about self-harm, there are few peer-reviewed articles that look at resilience or recovery among youth in LMICs and among marginalized young people. In addition to various internal and external protective factors, this scoping review identifies gaps in our understanding of resilience to self-harm among youth belonging to these groups.

OBJECTIVE Bilingual experiences are diverse, vibrant, and multidimensional. Yet, prior research has often homogenized bilingualism and based outcomes upon monolingual norms. Framing monolinguals as the norm distorts the reality of bilingual experiences. To promote a more diverse and inclusive study of bilingualism, we propose a theoretical and methodological paradigm shift. Bilinguals exist in different networks, cultural contexts, and individual and societal settings, all of which may lead to differential cognitive and linguistic outcomes that will be lost if left unexamined. Bilingual interactional contexts occur within extensive environmental and ecological systems, and may lead to different outcomes based on experiences within these systems. We seek to recognize these interactional contexts and how, as researchers, we can strive to better understand the complexities of bilingual populations. METHOD We propose incorporating more diverse theoretical frameworks-including raciolinguistics, an intersectional resiliency perspective, and an ecological approach-so that researchers can begin to think about how bilingual experiences are shaped before study participants enter the lab. Included also are methodological considerations that will improve our understanding of bilinguals' intersectional experiences. We offer suggestions for becoming more diverse and inclusive in our research. CONCLUSION We encourage scientists to take a more holistic and nuanced approach to understanding how individual and contextual factors affect our study populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

As organizations increasingly view information as one of their most valuable assets, which supports the creation and distribution of their products and services, information security will be an integral part of the design and operation of organizational business processes. Yet, risks associated with cyber attacks are on the rise. Organizations that are subjected to attacks can suffer significant reputational damage as well as loss of information and knowledge. As a consequence, effective leadership is cited as a critical factor for ensuring corporate level attention for information security. However, there is a lack of empirical understanding as to the roles strategic leaders play in shaping and supporting the cyber security strategy. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature by focusing on how senior leaders support the cyber security strategy. The authors conducted a series of exploratory interviews with leaders in the positions of Chief Information Officer, Chief Security Information Officer, and Chief Technology Officer. The findings revealed that leaders are engaged in both transitional, where the focus is on improving governance and integration, and transformational support, which involves fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Managerial relevance statement Our findings provide interesting insights for managers particularly those in the role of Chief Information Officers (CIOs), Chief Security Information Officers (CSIOs), and Chief Technology Officers (CTOs). We propose a Cyber Security Strategy Framework (CSSF) which can be used by these information/technology managers to design an effective organizational strategy to develop cyber resilience in their organization. Our framework suggests that managers should focus on transitional and transformational support. The transitional support focuses on improving governance and integration whereas transformational support focuses on the emphasis of fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Our findings provide good evidence showing how leaders can support more effective cyber security initiatives.

The aim of the study is to determine how the death anxiety level of nurses working in the hospitals affects resilience, and to examine whether it differs according to various sociodemographic variables. The universe of this descriptive study consists of nurses working actively in hospitals across Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 384 nurses who accepted to participate. As a data collection tool, online questionnaire form is preferred. In addition to sociodemographic questions, “Death Anxiety Scale” and “Brief Resilience Scale” are used in the questionnaire form. It is found that the death anxiety of the participants is moderate, and their psychological resilience is above average. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that death anxiety level of women and married participants is higher than the others. In addition, a negative and moderate relationship is found between psychological resilience and death anxiety. Finally, it is discovered that death anxiety predicted resilience by 12.1%. For this reason, educational programs should be organized to raise awareness about the symptoms and consequences of death anxiety., Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 pandemisinde hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin ölüm kaygısı düzeylerinin psikolojik sağlamlığa etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca ilgili değişkenlerin çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırmanın evreni Türkiye genelindeki hastanelerde aktif olarak çalışan hemşirelerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise uygulamayı kabul eden 384 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak online ortamda hazırlanan anket formu tercih edilmiştir. Anket formunda sosyodemografik sorulara ek olarak, “Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği” ve “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların ölüm kaygısının orta düzeyde ve psikolojik sağlamlıklarının ise ortanın üzerinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Analizler sonucunda erkeklerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının; kadınların ve evlilerin ise ölüm kaygılarının diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca psikolojik sağlamlık ile ölüm kaygısı arasında negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Son olarak ölüm kaygısının psikolojik sağlamlığı %12,1 oranında açıkladığı keşfedilmiştir. Bu nedenle sağlık kurumlarındaki yöneticiler tarafından hemşirelerde görülebilecek ölüm kaygısının belirtilerine ve sonuçlarına ilişkin farkındalığın oluşması için eğitim programları düzenlenmelidir.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; e.g., MBSR, MBCT, ACT) have been widely used and disseminated for treatment of myriad physical and psychological problems. However, most MBIs have primarily been used with middle-or upper-class White populations, with some instances where they have been adapted for use with diverse populations (e.g., Burnett-Zeigler et al., 2016 , Roth and Robbins, 2004 ). However, even when adapted, most MBIs have not explicitly addressed unique factors faced by the target population, such as racial discrimination, unemployment, lack of financial means, and other stressors. We developed and used an iterative approach to refine a MBI group based on MBSR and MBCT, for a racially and ethnically diverse population in the Bronx, considered by the U.S. census to be the most diverse in the country. Based on a trauma-informed care and centering people of color approach, we developed a longer than usual (16 weeks) mindfulness-based group, where core skills were broken down into smaller chunks to facilitate easier incorporation into daily life. We also used a longer duration and 1-hour weekly meeting time keeping in mind needs of the individuals, who often had limited time to participate due to work limitations and other comorbid physical conditions. While acknowledging that the individuals this group was catering to had experienced multiple traumatic events, we sought to also highlight and further develop the resilience and courage people in the Bronx community bring to the table. We review two clinically rich case vignettes, and also discuss recommendations for working with racially and economically marginalized people, and include a call to action for health care providers and organizations to engage in activism.

The relationship of fear of COVID-19, resilience, and religiosity in the COVID-19 Global Pandemic, which affects life in many areas of psychological, social, economic, cultural, religious, has been examined in this study. In this study, 337 people, including 219 women (65%) and 118 men (35%), participated. The present research was a descriptively based quantitative study based on the relational survey model. COVID-19 Fear Scale, Brief Resilience Scale and Religiosity Scale were used to collect data. In addition, a Personal Information Form was used to obtain information and opinions about COVID-19 and determine demographic characteristics. The t-test, correlation and regression analysis were used in statistical processes. The findings obtained in this research showed that women have more fear of COVID-19 than men, and men have higher resilience and religiosity scores than women. In addition, it was observed that there was a significant and negative relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and resilience, religiosity and age, a significant and positive relationship between resilience and religiosity and age, and a significant and positive relationship between religiosity and age. Finally, it was found that resilience, religiosity and age together were predictors of COVID-19 fear. However, when looking at the t-test results of the significance of the regression coefficients, it was seen that only resilience was a significant predictor of COVID-19 fear. The findings obtained are discussed in light of the literature.

PurposePsychological resilience, defined here as the capacity to bounce back from adversity and failure, has been studied in various leadership contexts. However, the literature demonstrates less consensus concerning how psychological resilience manifests in, and interacts within, the leadership role and, equally, the focus on resilience development is underdeveloped. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on the interactions between psychological resilience and leadership and presents practical development strategies.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review employing 46 empirical studies followed a thematic synthesis within an associated model encapsulated as building-up resilience and being effective.FindingsFirst, resilience is identified as essential and can benefit individuals and organizations' work outcomes across leadership contexts, including work performance, job engagement, well-being, and enhanced leadership capability. Secondly, leaders may build up their resilience by obtaining coping skills and improved attitudes toward challenges. Resilient attitudes, which are presented as paradoxical perspectives towards challenges, may help leaders adapt to challenges and adversities leading to beneficial outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsEven though this study provides a deeper understanding of the essential function of psychological resilience in leadership, the findings are limited to the workplace contexts investigated, e.g. exploring small sample sizes (13,019) or country contexts (22). Future research could expand the rhetoric around interactions between psychological resilience and leadership. Furthermore, the underlining mechanism between the paradoxical perspective and resilient attitudes is still largely unclear. Thus, more research is needed to disclose the interaction of paradoxical perceptions and leadership resilience. Further research can investigate how resilient attitudes demonstrate in actions in dealing with challenges and adversities.Practical implicationsThe authors further an argument that leaders may enhance their resilience through embracing a paradoxical perspective towards challenges (resilient attitude), e.g. being adaptive to adversities, and the attitude of learning from failures. These enhanced resilient attitudes could help leaders deeper understand and examine their reality and persist under high pressures and develop an innate ability to utilise resources more effectively to help them survive and thrive in challenging circumstances, instead of becoming overwhelmed by the burden of complexity or giving up. This will offer a practical contribution to resilience development.Social implicationsImportantly, this study found that resilience is an essential leadership trait and can benefit individuals and organizations' work outcomes across leadership contexts. These positive effects of resilience may encourage organizations or society to promote psychological resilience, including a resilient attitude, to deal with adversities and uncertainties.Originality/valueFundamentally, the synthesized model applied may encourage further studies to focus on how to build up resilience and practically apply it in workplaces across leadership contexts. In particular, this study found that adopting paradoxical perspectives and ambidextrous leadership approaches toward adversities is an original resilience development strategy, which serves to contribute to the gap in the literature.

Social behavior involves many processes including cognitive functions. Altered social behaviors associated with many psychiatric disorders might have alterations in the processes. Poor social environment affects development and maturation of cognitive functions that are important for social cognition, possibly introducing social stress as well as vulnerability to the stress into the developing brain. Adolescence and early adulthood have higher sensitivity to social stress, which may be linked to the onset of psychiatric disorders during this time period. Understanding social behavioral processes in detail will be crucial for elucidating mechanisms of emerging the social behavior phenotypes in psychiatric disorders and for devising therapeutic and preventive interventions to introduce the resilience for the onset of psychiatric disorders through modulation of social circuitries.

Background Paramedics' continued exposure to occupational stressors can have a detrimental effect on their psychological well-being. Resilience can provide for better coping. Understanding individual differences provides explanations why some individuals thrive while others are more at risk. Aim To explore the effect of Personality according to the Big-Five, Ways of Thinking and Occupational Preference according to Holland's RIASEC Model, on resilience. Method Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, The Big-Five Inventory, Ways of Thinking, Brief RIASEC Marker Scales and Connor Davidson CD-RISC were administered. Results Standard Multiple Regression showed that resilience is more likely to be seen in those who score high in Conscientiousness and low in Neuroticism. Modelling also showed that resilience is more likely to be seen in those who score high in Surgency (β = 0.364, p = .001) followed by the Freethinker (β = 0.312, p = .001), Scientific (β = 0.112, p = .027) and Controlled (β = 0.105, p = .040) ways of thinking. Although the RIASEC model was not a strong predictor of resilience, the Social (β = 0.252, p = .001) and Investigative (β = 0.153, p = .020) factors were highlighted as contributing towards a paramedic's resilience. Conclusion The paramedicine students that participated in this study report higher levels of some of the personality traits inherently protective in facilitating resilience.

This research analyses the effects of psychological resilience and subjective norms of university students in this region on their perceived social support and on their intention to undertake sustainable businesses, as well as assessing the effect of perceived social support on their sustainable entrepreneurial intention

Background In the UK, Core Surgical Training (CST) marks the start of a surgical career, but previous experience and skills vary widely. Whilst Individual hospital Trusts offer local inductions, these are generally of a generic, administrative nature rather than advising trainees on how best to harness training opportunities. We designed a regional induction programme, ‘Building Excellence in Surgical Training’ (BEST) to address this, develop essential technical and non-technical skills, and engender support networks. Methods All incoming London Core Surgical Trainees (annual cohort size 90) were invited to participate, during the week prior to commencement of training. Trainees undertook 3 modules (portfolio, surgical skills and human factors-based simulation) and a research paper presentation day. We collected qualitative and quantitative data through a structured evaluation form, pre and post course Likert-scale scores and self-assessment utilising the non-technical skills for surgeons (NOTSS) framework. Results 972 CSTs have completed BEST over the past 12 years. In 2019, significant improvements were seen in: confidence for starting CST, 45% (n = 22/49)-83% (n = 33/40,p = 0.00045); feeling the core programme cared about them, 55% (n = 27/49)-98% (n = 41/42, p = Conclusion BEST equips trainees with the fundamental skills and confidence to safely embark on surgical training and provides tools to navigate the challenges training presents. The ethos of collaboration and support will aid the development of more resilient and empowered surgeons, vital in this era.

Positive psychological attributes are associated with better health outcomes, yet few studies have identified their underlying constructs and none have examined their temporal trajectories in clinical vs. non-clinical samples. From data collected over 4 years from people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV−) participants, we identified two latent factors (internal strengths; socioemotional support) based on responses to seven positive psychological attributes. Internal strengths increased over 4 years for PWH, but not for HIV− comparisons. Socioemotional support did not change significantly in either group. Lower internal strengths and worse socioemotional support were related to greater depressive symptoms. We speculate that improvement in internal strengths in PWH could reflect their being in care, but this requires further study to include PWH not in care. Given the apparent malleability of internal strengths and their association with improved health outcomes, these attributes can serve as promising intervention targets for PWH.

With 76% of the total main workforce in agriculture and more than 50% small and medium landowning households, the village provides an important case study for understanding agrarian resilience. The conceptualisation of resilience has been majorly confined to a system or a territorial boundary. Agrarian resilience too is commonly assumed to be driven by forces within the agriculture and the rural. i.e. land ownership remains constant, the labour of the peasantry is spatially limited to agriculture, the capital is generated within agriculture and the networks and skills of the peasantry is also confined to agriculture. This has underscored the role of factors and processes working outside the agriculture in conceptualising agrarian resilience. While the primacy of the agrarian processes cannot be denied, there are often processes working outside an agrarian system that can also enable resilience. i.e. the rural workforce can diversify its labour outside agriculture in the urban non-farm sector, capital can also be generated from sources outside the agriculture. In this context, using the case study of a village dominated by small and medium landowning households in the Patiala district of Punjab in India, the paper shows that resilience is driven by processes both within and outside agriculture.

The COVID-19 pandemic was an incredibly stressful time for parents of school-age children. Supervising remote schooling while also balancing work and life demands, in addition to health concerns, demanded much from parents. This study considers how parents used the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons to cope with pandemic-related stress. Using Reinecke and Rieger's (2021) recovery and resilience in entertaining media use model as a theoretical framework, this interview study of 33 parents from 27 families found that parents psychologically detached from their pandemic-stress laden worlds with the game, used the game to relax, found a sense of accomplishment through achieving goals via mastery experiences in the game, and appreciated the sense of control that the game afforded. An emergent code was found in that the game facilitated much-needed social connections for parents, which was part of their pandemic-stress coping. This study provides further evidence for video games as coping tools, with a specific focus on parental pandemic stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This interview study looks at how parents used the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizon to cope with COVID-19 pandemic-related stress. Parents used the game to detach, relax, find a sense of accomplishment and control as well as facilitate social connections. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Cambodia is witnessing a “Goldilocks moment” in demographic change concurrent with shifts in land use, hydrology, and climate. These trends interact and affect food production, food costs, and food security. Drivers of these trends are typically examined separately with interacting factors considered along disciplinary margins. While science models to explore these interacting effects have been proposed, there remains an applied research gap in integrating these pieces and assessing interdisciplinary opportunities for developing food security solutions. Developed following a request from USAID to elucidate food security conditions in Cambodia, here the authors present their geospatial synthesis of the biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of current food security risk, as well as explore future trends for those conditions. The overall structure shows several interlocking or mutually reinforcing trends in systems that point towards a significant intensification of food insecurity in the near future. They offer an assessment of future targets for food systems innovation.

The Tōhoku Theater Project was completed 2 years after the natural and nuclear disasters in Tōhoku, Japan, on March 11, 2011. It employed the dramatic arts to support the healing process, promote resilience, and increase dialogue and understanding about mental health among individuals who were directly affected by the disasters. The four performances fostered important discussions regarding the psychological impact of the Tōhoku disasters. Participants (N=143) found the theater performance effective at facilitating discussion, increasing empathy, and enhancing mental health knowledge, coping, and resilience. The performances provided critical information about access to services; many participants reported that they had not known where to seek help for mental health prior to their involvement with the Tōhoku Theater Project. Lessons learned may inform community-based strategies that promote mental health and healing in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health disasters.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have evidenced resilience against large-scale crises, although emerging research on the impact of COVID-19 is mixed. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on mental health providers. Items from an instrument evaluating the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack were adapted to measure the impact of COVID-19 on emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. Using a sample of 65 patients with primary OCD diagnoses and OCD treatment providers in intensive programs for OCD and anxiety, the authors found that COVID-19 evidenced a less significant overall impact on patients than providers. Specifically, providers reported more significant impact on the amount of time spent worrying about COVID-19, taking additional cleaning and sanitization precautions, and time spent socializing with loved ones. Findings support previous literature indicating that individuals with OCD demonstrate resilience to large-scale crises, and offer insights into the specific struggles of providers who treat OCD.

Objectives: We provide a conceptual review of mutual aid to operationalize a more just notion of resilience at individual, community, and group levels. We link scholarship across disciplines to exa...

OBJECTIVE Traumatic events (TE) are a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Resilience may be protective of the effects of TE exposure, but few studies have longitudinally tested the buffering hypothesis. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this gap. METHOD Participants (N = 6,015) were from a longitudinal investigation into substance use and health outcomes at a large, urban university. Participants completed self-report measures on precollege internalizing symptoms and lifetime trauma load. Resilience was calculated as a quantitative variable. At each of the follow-up assessments, participants reported on past month consumption, AUD symptoms, and new onset TEs. Longitudinal path modeling was used to test interactions. RESULTS Higher new onset TE load was associated with greater AUD symptoms, and higher consumption at one time-point. Results demonstrate a significant main effect of resilience at Y1S and Y3S, and a significant interaction between resilience and new onset TE at the last time-point, whereby higher levels of new onset TE were associated with higher levels of AUD symptoms at low (β = .19, p < .001), and average (β = .20, p = .001) levels of resilience. This effect was attenuated at high levels of resilience (β = .07, p = .051). No significant main nor interaction effects of resilience on consumption were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest resilience as an important protective factor in relation to the development of AUD symptoms after exposure to a TE, though perhaps less so in relation to consumption. Findings are consistent with prior work demonstrating that AUD symptoms are more clinically relevant than consumption in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite growing attention to resilience following childhood maltreatment, it remains unclear how the development of resilience unfolds over time among child welfare-involved adolescents. Further, little is known about the immediate and enduring effects of two important attachments in children’s lives, namely caregiver–child relationship and deviant peer affiliation, on resilience development over time. This study sought to examine the ways in which caregiver–child relationships and deviant peer affiliation shape developmental trajectories of resilience among child welfare-involved youth. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted on a sample of 711 adolescents. The results revealed that adolescents’ resilience increased across a 36-month period since initial contact with Child Protective Services. Better caregiver–child relationships were associated with a higher initial level of resilience among adolescents, whereas higher deviant peer affiliation was associated with a lower initial level of resilience. Significant lagged effects were also found; caregiver–child relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation at baseline were associated with resilience at 18 months after. The findings suggest that interventions that aim to promote positive caregiver–child relationships and prevent deviant peer relationships may help foster resilience among adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment.

Objective: Asian Women's Action for Resilience and Empowerment (AWARE) is a psychotherapy intervention designed to improve the mental health of Asian American women. This study documented the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of AWARE at three university health service centers in Massachusetts. Participants: 174 female Asian American college/graduate students were screened, and 48 (64%) met the eligibility criteria and enrolled in the study. Methods: This study was a non-randomized, pre-post design at three university/college health service centers in Massachusetts. Retention rates and changes in depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms were measured. Results: Results demonstrated high feasibility and significant preliminary efficacy of AWARE across the sites. After the completion of AWARE, participants showed statistically and clinically significant reduction of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms (p-values

Historically, suicide rates for African American adolescents have been low,relative to rates for youth of other racial-ethnic backgrounds. Since 2001, however, suicide rates among African American adolescents have escalated: Suicide is now the third leading cause of death for African American adolescents. This disturbing trend warrants focused research on suicide etiology and manifestation in African American adolescents, along with culturally sensitive and effective prevention efforts. First, we revisit leading suicide theories and their relevance for African American adolescents. Next, we discuss health promotive and protective factors within the context of African American youth development. We also critique the current status of suicide risk assessment and prevention for African American adolescents. Then, we present a heuristic model of suicide risk and resilience for African American adolescents that considers their development within a hegemonic society. Finally, we recommend future directions for African American adolescent suicidology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Living in isolation is considered an emerging societal problem that negatively affects the physical wellbeing of its sufferers in ways that we are just starting to appreciate. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice, utilising a two-week program of sole cage occupancy followed by the testing of immune-inflammatory resilience to bacterial sepsis. Our results revealed that mice housed in social isolation showed an increased ability to clear bacterial infection compared to control socially housed animals. These effects were associated with specific changes in whole blood gene expression profile and an increased production of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, equipping socially isolated mice with artificial nests as a substitute for their natural huddling behaviour reversed the increased resistance to bacterial sepsis. Together these results suggest that the control of body temperature through social housing and huddling behaviour are important factors in the regulation of the host immune response to infection in mice and might provide another example of the many ways by which living conditions influence immunity.

The present study investigates the role of two risk factors (exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment) and two psychological stress-related factors (resilience and coping) on individuals' emotional state during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The data were collected using online questionnaire from 778 individuals in April 2020 during Israel's first lockdown. Israeli citizens who had been exposed for many years to recurrent missile attacks (n = 379) reported higher rates of anxiety and stress following the COVID-19 lockdown and lower rates of resilience, compared with those residing in regions not exposed to missile attacks. During the lockdown, unemployed participants (n = 416), in comparison with working respondents, reported more depression and stress, lower resilience, and greater use of behavioral and mental disengagement coping strategies. The results showed that resilience (beta = -.38, p < .001) is associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas the more frequent use of disengagement coping (beta = .31, p < .001) is associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, resilience was shown to moderate the association between disengagement coping and emotional state. Findings suggest that exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment may comprise potential risk factors for psychological difficulties during COVID-19 lockdown, whereas resilience and applying less disengagement coping can be considered protective factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The study advances our understanding of how populations with a history of exposure to traumatic stress in conflict-ridden regions approach the COVID-19 crisis emotionally. The findings highlight the risk of continuing stress and unemployment and the protective role of resilience. The study may contribute to the design of interventions tailored to the needs of various vulnerable groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Background Military personnel are at a heightened risk of being exposed to potentially traumatic incidents in the line of duty. Evidence would suggest that the risk of developing psychological trauma and/or PTSD after a traumatic event is predicted by the interaction of pre-trauma, peri-trauma and post-trauma risk and protective factors. Objective This research will explore military personnels' experience of potentially traumatic events while deployed. In particular, the research aims to gain an understanding of both protective and risk factors which influence personnels' experience of potentially traumatic events. Method One to one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 members of the Irish Defence Forces. We conducted a thematic analysis in line with the recommendations provided by Braun & Clarke 2006. Results There was a wide variety of potentially traumatic events experienced by participants, ranging from stressful naval migrant rescues to armed standoffs. Aside from more pointed events, chronic stress was reported to negatively affect personal resilience while factors such as positive mindset and a belief in the mission had a galvanizing effect. Both the family back home and the "military family" were reported to provide sources of comfort and support, while at times being a source of significant stress. The organisational context of the military, including training and formal psychological supports was viewed with mixed opinions by our participants. Conclusions The findings of this research illuminate the unique stress and strains faced by Irish military personnel at pre, peri and post deployment. The results highlight the need for effective predeployment resilience building programmes to equip personnel with the tools to deal with traumatic events. This foundational work provides the basis for further research into the military peacekeeper and humanitarian domain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective Challenging patient encounters contribute to physician burnout, though little is known about how these impact hospitalists specifically. This study explores how hospitalists characterize challenging patient encounters and their impact on hospitalist well-being to inform organizational efforts. Methods We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study with 15 physician hospitalist faculty at two locations, a tertiary academic and safety-net hospital, utilizing a conceptual framework based on the Stanford Wellness Framework for physician resilience around challenging patient encounters. Results Two themes emerged: feelings of helplessness and time-consuming encounters. Helplessness was associated with systems issues, misaligned patient/provider goals, and violence. Time-consuming encounters were due to systems issues, misaligned goals requiring prolonged conversations, and patient factors. These factors were found to negatively impact hospitalist well-being. Resilience strategies included developing and teaching empathy and seeking expert/colleague opinion through debriefing, peer-to-peer interactions, and external resources. Conclusions Organizational strategies to support hospitalists in the context of challenging patient encounters require a multifaceted approach: improved system processes, fostering a local culture of empathy-building, and supporting peer-to-peer relationships and debriefing mechanisms. Practice implications Enhanced communication around system process improvements and culture of wellness, in addition to communication skills and mindfulness, could improve hospitalist well-being.

the psychological state of parents, who are considered the primary caregivers of a sick child, can affect the child's behavior and emotions. This study analyzed the effectiveness of self-compassion training on hopelessness and resilience in the parents of children with cancer.this was an experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all parents of children with cancer hospitalized in Amir Kabir Hospital of Arak in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 parents of children with cancer selected through convenience sampling. The participants were equally divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups at random. The research instruments were the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The experimental group underwent eight 90 min sessions of self-compassion training on a weekly basis. Finally, the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed for data analysis.the mean (±SD) of the post-test scores of hopelessness and resilience were reported 10.20 (±4.95) and 43.33 (±4.27), respectively, in the experimental group, whereas they were reported 13.78 (±4.94) and 38.73 (±4.07), respectively, in the control group. According to the results, self-compassion training had significant effects on the resilience and hopelessness of the parents of children with cancer (p 0.01). Self-compassion training had a positive, significant effect on their resilience. It was also efficient in decreasing their hopelessness.self-compassion training improved resilience and mitigated hopelessness in the parents of children with cancer.

Vegetation memory describes the effect of antecedent environmental and ecological conditions on the present ecosystem state and has been proposed as an important proxy for vegetation resilience. In particular, strong vegetation-memory effects have been identified in dryland regions, but the factors underlying the spatial patterns of vegetation memory remain unknown.We aim to map the components and drivers of vegetation memory in dryland regions using state-of-the-art climate reanalysis data and refined approaches to identify vegetation-memory characteristics across dryland regions worldwide.Using a framework which distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic ecological memory, we show that: (i) intrinsic memory is a much stronger component than extrinsic memory in the majority of dryland regions; and (ii) climate reanalysis data sets change the detection of extrinsic vegetation memory effects in some global dryland regions.Synthesis. Our study offers a global picture of the vegetation response to two climate forcing variables using satellite data, information which is potentially relevant for mapping components and properties of vegetation responses worldwide. However, the large differences in the spatial patterns in intrinsic vegetation memory in our study compared to previous analyses show the overall sensitivity of this component in particular to the initial choice of extrinsic forcing variables. As a result, we caution against using the oversimplified link between intrinsic vegetation-memory and vegetation recovery rates at large spatial scales.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress symptoms related to sexual assault have been linked to greater suicidal ideation, yet little is known about protective factors that may weaken this link and reduce thoughts of suicide in the context of posttraumatic stress. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and prior research, psychological strengths associated with resilience, such as optimism and gratitude, have the potential to be associated with attenuated suicidal ideation among sexual assault survivors. METHOD We tested this possibility in a sample of 425 undergraduate women who reported unwanted sexual experiences during adolescence or adulthood. RESULTS A linear regression analysis revealed that greater sexual assault-related posttraumatic stress symptoms in the past month were associated with greater concurrent suicidal ideation. However, moderation analyses revealed the link between assault-related posttraumatic stress and suicidal ideation was attenuated for individuals higher in optimism and gratitude. Further, at the highest levels of optimism and gratitude, there was no longer a significant association between posttraumatic stress and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Given optimism and gratitude are modifiable strengths that individuals can develop and grow over time, these results suggest boosting optimism and gratitude may be a valuable way to attenuate thoughts of suicide in interventions for college women who have experienced sexual assault. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This article explores the socio-spatial interactions of a micro-community in a cluster-house concept apartment. The apartment has been designed for retreat and co-living by mehr als wohnen housing cooperative in Zurich, Switzerland. The methodology of investigation is a qualitative case study, through which housing narratives of three residents as representatives of this communal household are analyzed. In addition, on-site visits and observations, document analyses, and desktop studies are conducted. The originality of the research is in its approach of examining a micro-society through the residential community's authentic stories, which are in the context of normal times and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that the social bonds of the studied cluster cohousing community are significantly maintained through the intermediate zones of the cluster-house arrangement. This socio-spatial interaction has activated the potentials of social innovation and housing resilience in an urban context. The research also highlights points of conflicts and insights for future cluster-concept apartment developments.

Background Experiences of adversity in early life are associated with increased risk for negative outcomes; yet, the impact of early adversity on any given child is difficult to predict given the considerable heterogeneity in functioning found even among children with similar exposures. Thus, although early adversity is associated with increased risk for negative outcomes on average, many children are resilient. While researchers have highlighted individual differences in children's internal characteristics that may relate to risk and resilience, external characteristics of the environment that differ between children are mutable factors that are also important for understanding heterogeneity in children's outcomes. Objective We propose that caregiver regulation of children's emotions is a key modifiable feature of the environment that promotes resilience to and recovery from early adversity. Specifically, given the critical role of caregiver regulation of emotions in early life for children's ability to understand and recover from adverse experiences, we highlight three levels of intervention focused on fostering healthy development in young children by targeting the availability, consistency, and quality of caregiver regulation, respectively. Results We provide a classification system designed to guide decision making about the level of intervention needed to support a given child's needs in terms of ultimately supporting the goal of receiving effective caregiver regulation. Implications This framework may be useful for guiding the priority of treatments, as well as making clear the needed menu of options to support children following adversity, in addressing specific concerns related to ensuring effective caregiver regulation to promote resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Teams often confront exogenous events that induce discontinuous change and unsettle existing routines. In the immediate aftermath of such events (the disruption stage), teams experience a dip in their performance and only over time regain their previous performance levels (in the recovery stage). We argue that prohibitive voice that allows teams to manage errors better is instrumental for preventing performance losses in the disruption stage. Whereas, promotive voice that helps teams innovate or improve team processes, can facilitate steeper and more positive performance trajectories in the recovery stage. We also propose that voice is especially functional when teams confront higher change intensity and, thereby, highlight that voice is particularly important when change events cause greater discontinuity in the task environment. We found general support for our theory in a correlational field study involving 172 production teams in which we examined over time trajectories in objective team performance, and a field experiment involving 88 teams in a different production setting, where team members were trained, incentivized, and provided opportunities to engage in voice. We discuss the implications of our findings for literature on voice, team adaptation, and resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the relationship between resilience resources at the individual (e.g., optimism), interpersonal (e.g., social support), and neighborhood (e.g., social environment) levels, and cardiovascular outcomes among adults in the United States. Method: On 9/25/2020, electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized intervention studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between resilience resources at the individual, interpersonal, or neighborhood level and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were summarized narratively and quantitatively. Because relevant search results yielded only observational studies, risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: From 4,103 unique records, 13 prospective cohort studies with a total of 310,906 participants met the eligibility criteria, and six of these studies were included in the meta-analyses. Most relevant studies found that higher levels of individual-level resilience resources were associated with lower incidence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, with point estimates ranging from .46 to 1.18. Interpersonal-level resilience resources (i.e., social network) were associated with a lower coronary heart disease risk (risk ratio, .76; 95% CI [.56, 1.02]). Neighborhood-level resilience resources (i.e., perceived social cohesion and residential stability) were associated with a lower odds of stroke (odds ratio, .92; 95% CI [.84, 1.01]). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that higher levels of resilience resources are associated with better cardiovascular outcomes. However, more prospective studies with diverse populations are needed to strengthen the evidence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

OBJECTIVE Traumatic events can lead not only to psychological distress but also to posttraumatic growth (PTG). As trauma challenge one's fundamental assumptions, traumatized individuals may initially experience intrusive rumination. However, these challenged assumptions could facilitate further cognitive processing of trauma (i.e., deliberate rumination), which in turn fosters PTG. Adaptive cognitive processes, such as reduced rumination, have been linked to dispositional mindfulness. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the potential role of dispositional mindfulness in the process of PTG. METHOD A 3-wave longitudinal design was employed to capture temporal changes in PTG. At the initial assessment (time 1), 259 traumatized individuals were assessed with regard to their trauma experiences, core belief challenge, intrusive and deliberate rumination, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), PTG, and dispositional mindfulness. The surveys were repeated after 1 month (time 2) and 7 months (time 3). RESULTS Over time, the first indirect association of core belief challenge was increased PTG through recent intrusive and deliberate rumination, and the second indirect association of core belief challenge was decreased PTG through recent intrusive rumination and PTSS. In addition, dispositional mindfulness significantly moderated these 2 indirect associations. Individuals with a medium level of mindfulness at time 1 had lower levels of rumination and PTSS at time 3 compared to individuals with a low level of mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS In the face of trauma, dispositional mindfulness promotes resilience through a subsequent reduction in rumination and PTSS. Our results highlight the protective role of dispositional mindfulness in long-term outcomes of trauma exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common problem for veterans. Resilience, the tendency to bounce back from difficult circumstances, is negatively associated with posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) among individuals with a history of trauma, and it may be important to understand responses to trauma reminders. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined the association between trait resilience and state PTCs in veterans with PTSD (n = 47, Mage = 48.60, 91.8% male) at two points: following a written trauma narrative exposure (Time 1 [T1]), and following a subsequent positive distraction task (i.e., brief, positive video; Time 2 [T2]). Results After controlling for PTSD symptom severity and combat exposure, resilience was negatively associated with PTCs at T1 (ΔR2 = .19) and T2 (ΔR2 = .13). However, resilience was a poor predictor of change in PTCs from T1 to T2. We also examined the relationship between resilience and subtypes of PTCs: resilience was associated with negative views of the self (T1, ΔR2 = .24) but not negative views of the world or self-blame (T1, ΔR2s ≤ .07); these results were consistent at T2. Conclusions Thus, resilience may attenuate negative trauma-related cognitions after trauma recall; however, this study was not designed to test causal pathways. Future research could examine whether resilience-building exercises reduce negative PTCs after trauma reminders among veterans. Additional research is needed to generalize to other trauma-exposed populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective Empirical knowledge about "dual-trauma couples" (DTC), characterized by both partners with a history of trauma exposure and presentation of trauma-related symptoms, is especially deficient. We analyzed DTC partners' qualitative data culled from the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (Busby et al., 2001) to ascertain dyadic resiliency processes within dual-trauma couples. Method A data-reductive thematic analysis on short-answer responses of reported relational strengths and weaknesses from female (n = 822) and male partners' (n = 831) yielded several processes that provide insight into individual perceptions, behaviors, and past experiences, and dyadic interactions that may foster or hinder effective resilience in DTC. Results Participant responses highlighted existing dyadic strengths that fostered effective couple adaptative processes: shared beliefs and goals, mutual collaboration and psychological flexibility, and dyadic connectedness. Barriers to couple resiliency included individual perceptions, behaviors, and past experiences, and dyadic interactions that exacerbated relational instability, emotional unsafety, contentious communication, and difficulties with distress tolerance. Conclusions Results promote a balanced conceptualization (i.e., inclusion of both adaptive and maladaptive interactions) of couples affected by trauma exposure. Implications for clinical treatment and several areas for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This paper explores the resilience of the urban informal economy through multi-dimensional conflict. Karachi constituted an ideal case study for the research given the intensity and paradigmatic nature of the multi-dimensional conflict experienced in the city between 2008 and 2013. The paper applies a comparative frame in three sites (Sadar, Orangi and Lyari) to illustrate resilience of the informal economy and its role in supporting the urban poor in Karachi to survive and sometimes thrive, whilst also contributing to peaceful recovery and adaptation, albeit persistent divisions mean violence remains possible. The paper argues for greater recognition of and support for informal economies in urban policy, marking a shift away from the predominant neoliberal forms of governance that diminish the role of the state and burden already vulnerable people with the greatest risks, particularly in fragile, conflict-affected situations where half the world’s poor are predicted to live by 2030.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health of healthcare workers, yet studies in primary care workers are scarce.AimTo investigate the prevalence of and associated factors for psychological distress in primary care workers during the first COVID-19 outbreak.Design and settingThis was a multicentre, cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted in primary healthcare workers in Spain, between May and September 2020.MethodHealthcare workers were invited to complete a survey to evaluate sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, COVID-19 infection status, exposure to patients with COVID-19, and resilience (using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale), in addition to being screened for common mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and substance use disorder). Positive screening for any of these disorders was analysed globally using the term ‘any current mental disorder’.ResultsA total of 2928 primary care professionals participated in the survey. Of them, 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 41.9 to 45.4) tested positive for a current mental disorder. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.61, 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.06), having previous mental disorders (OR 2.58, 95% CI = 2.15 to 3.10), greater occupational exposure to patients with COVID-19 (OR 2.63, 95% CI = 1.98 to 3.51), having children or dependents (OR 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.76 and OR 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20 to 2.11, respectively), or having an administrative job (OR 2.24, 95% CI = 1.66 to 3.03) were associated with a higher risk of any current mental disorder. Personal resilience was shown to be a protective factor.ConclusionAlmost half of primary care workers showed significant psychological distress. Strategies to support the mental health of primary care workers are necessary, including designing psychological support and resilience-building interventions based on risk factors identified.

Objective: To investigate which factors and processes facilitated disengagement from mental health services (MHS). Method: The study adapted the narrative approach to the life stories method. We interviewed 13 women and 10 men who were diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI) for which they were hospitalized and used medication in the past but disengaged from MHS and were no longer engaged in any mental health treatment for at least a year. Results: Data analysis of the factors and processes that facilitated disengagement revealed three main factors, each overarching several subthemes: (a) Factors Related to Personal Resilience and Motivation; (b) Factors and Processes Related to Interpersonal Relationships; and (c) Using External Resources. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Disengagement from MHS is not necessarily a problem that needs a solution but rather-in some cases-a legitimate choice that may actually represent healthy reasoning and an important step toward recovery. These findings emphasize the need for a broader and more flexible conceptualization of the potential role of MHS in the recovery process. Such an approach challenges the widespread notion that disengaging from MHS is a negative course of action and suggests that-for some-it is a significant and meaningful life choice that can empower individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Background This study aims to allow the development of efficient measures to improve occupational health of shift-working nurses focusing on job stress, health promotion behavior, resilience, and sleep disturbance. Methods It was conducted on a subject panel of 137 nurses who were aware of the purpose of the study and agreed to participate. They worked three shifts at a tertiary hospital or a general hospital located in metropolitan city B. The collected data were analyzed by the independent t test and one-way analysis of variance and post-tested by Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results The significant influencing factors on sleep disturbance were of those whose subjective health status was ‘normal’ (β = 0.29, p Conclusion Through this study, nurses' subjective health status and job stress of working shifts were found to be important factors influencing the sleep disturbance level, and the most influencing factor was identified as the subjective health status.

To ensure reproductive success, flowering plants produce an excess of pollen to fertilize a limited number of ovules. Pollen grains mature into two distinct subpopulations - those that display high metabolic activity and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels immediately after hydration (high-ROS/active), and those that maintain an extended period of dormancy with low metabolic activity (low-ROS/inactive/arrested/dormant). We propose that the dormant pollen serves as a backup to provide a second chance for successful fertilization when the 'first wave' of pollen encounters an unpredictable growth condition such as heat stress. This model provides a framework for considering the role of dormancy in reproductive stress tolerance as well as strategies for mitigating pollen thermovulnerability to daytime and night-time warming that is associated with global climate change.

Informal caregivers of people living with dementia (PwD) are at increased risk for the development of stress-related physical and mental illness. Nevertheless, because of differing resilience, they show interindividual differences in their ability to cope. Particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the associated pandemic control measures and pandemic-related changes to daily life, resilience might be further challenged, and stress might consequently increase. Therefore, we review the evidence on informal caregivers’ experience during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding effects of the pandemic control measures on (a) the caregiver’s health, (b) the care recipient’s health, (c) the stability of the care situation, and (d) coping in daily life. We conclude with implications on how to strengthen resilience and reduce stress in terms of environmental, social, and individual resources.