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La inseguridad alimentaria (IA) se define como la disponibilidad limitada o incierta de alimentos nutricionalmente adecuados e inocuos o la capacidad limitada e incierta de adquirir alimentos adecuados por medios socialmente aceptables, es por ello que en el marco de derechos humanos y del derecho a la salud que fundamenta la misión y la acción de la salud pública incluyendo a las personas trabajadoras, se deben asumir las intervenciones necesarias para que estas personas tengan también vidas (laborales) saludables y dignas. Objetivo: Relacionar el nivel de inseguridad alimentaria con las características sociodemográficas y las horas de sueño de las personas trabajadoras de un Call Center en Costa Rica. Materiales y Método: La muestra es de 289 personas mayores a 18 años participaron de forma voluntaria y anónima llenado una encuentra por medio de Google Forms. Los datos se recolectaron del 14 al 31 de octubre del 2021. Resultados: El 55% (n=158) de las personas trabajadoras viven con inseguridad alimentaria severa, el 35% (n=103) de ellas viven con inseguridad alimentaria moderada y finalmente el 10% (n=28) de los trabajadores viven con inseguridad alimentaria leve. Existe, además, una relación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y las variables; edad, nivel educativo y horas de sueño que estadísticamente corresponde a un resultado significativo donde los campos están débilmente asociados según el valor V de Cramer. Conclusión: Se muestra una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables inseguridad alimentaria y edad, nivel educativo y horas de sueño.

The complete mitogenome of Triatoma boliviana Martínez, Chávez, Sossa, Aranda, Vargas and Vidaurre, 2007 was assembled using next generation sequencing data. The 16,719 bp long genome contains 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. This mitogenome showed similar nucleotide composition, gene order and orientation than other triatomines. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on available complete mitogenomes from Reduviidae supported that Triatominae is a monophyletic group and that T. boliviana is basal to the two main Triatomini clades: North and South American. In addition, the analysis of a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene among Triatomini species, including species of the dispar lineage, supports the inclusion of T. boliviana in this group.

PM20D1 is a little studied enzyme until recently, belonging to the mammalian M20 peptidase family, which catalyzes both the synthesis and hydrolysis of N-acyl amino acids (NAAs). NAAs are bioactive lipids biosynthesized from free fatty acids and free amino acids. These molecules have been associated with many biological functions; however, most of the biochemical mechanisms have not yet been described. The best-known biochemical mechanism is the one involved in thermogenesis, which also has implications for reactive oxygen species levels and cell preservation. In the last few years, genetic variation in PM20D1, as well as changes in its methylation and expression levels, have been reported to be associated with several disease phenotypes, including Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we explore the current knowledge regarding the PM20D1 gene, including aspects such as its biology, potential functions, regulation of its expression, and role in different phenotypes such as Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, Parkinson’s disease, and several other disorders.

Satellite DNA (satDNA) is rapidly evolving class of tandem repeats with some motifs being involved in centromere organization and function. Rapid co-evolution of centromeric satDNA and associated proteins has been mostly attributed to the so-called centromere drive. To identify repeats associated with centromeric regions and test for the role of meiotic drive in their evolution, we investigated satDNA across Southern and Coastal clades of African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius. C-banding showed expansion of (peri)centromeric heterochromatin regions in the Southern-clade killifishes. Molecular cytogenetic and bioinformatic analyses further revealed that two previously identified satellites, Nfu-SatA and Nfu-SatB, are associated with centromeres only in one lineage of the Southern clade. Nfu-SatB was, however, detected outside centromeres also in other members of the Coastal clade, which is consistent with the "library" hypothesis of satDNA evolution. We also identified a novel satDNA, Cl-36, associated with (peri)centromeres in N. foerschi, N. guentheri and N. rubripinnis from the Coastal clade. Our findings could be explained by centromere drive shaping karyotype change and centromeric repeat turnover in Nothobranchius species with possible reversal of spindle polarity within the Southern clade.

In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome or mitogenome of the blister beetle

The ant

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is the most harmful species among those pests affecting palm trees. Its impact causes important economic losses around the World. Nevertheless, the genetic information of Rh. ferrugineus is very scarce. Last year, the first genome assembly was published including a rough description of its repeatome. However, no information has been added about one of the main components of repeated DNA, the satellite DNA. Herein, we presented the characterization of the satellitome of this important species that includes 112 satellite DNA families, the largest number in an insect genome. These satellite DNA families made up around 25% of the genome while the most abundant family, RferSat01-169, alone represented 20.4%. Chromosomal location of most abundant satellite DNA families performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that all of them are dispersed in the euchromatin on all chromosomes but some of them are also specifically accumulated either on the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions of all chromosomes or on specific chromosomes. Finally, the transcription of satellitome families was analyzed through Rh. ferrugineus development. It was found that 55 out of 112 satellite DNA families showed transcription, some families seemed to be transcribed across all stages while a few appeared to be stage-specific, indicating a possible role of those satellite DNA sequences in the development of this species.

Background and Aims Twig cross-sectional area and the surface area of leaves borne on it are expected to be isometrically correlated across species (Corner’s rules). However, how stable this relationship remains in time is not known. We studied inter- and intraspecific twig leaf area–cross-sectional area (la–cs) and other scaling relationships, including the leaf–shoot mass (lm–sm) scaling relationship, across a complete growing season. We also examined the influence of plant height, deciduousness and the inclusion of reproductive buds on the stability of the scaling relationships, and we discuss results from a functional perspective. Methods We collected weekly current-year twigs of six Patagonian woody species that differed in growth form and foliar habit. We also used prominent inflorescences from Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) to assess whether reproductive buds alter the la–cs isometric relationship. Mixed effects models were fitted to obtain parameter estimates and to test whether interaction terms were non-significant (invariant) for the scaling relationships. Key Results The slope of the la–cs scaling relationship remained invariant across the growing season. Two species showed contrasting and disproportional (allometric) la–cs scaling relationships (slope ≠ 1). Scaling relationships varied significantly across growth form and foliar habit. The lm–sm scaling relationship differed between reproductive- and vegetative-origin twigs in E. coccineum, which was explained by a significantly lower leaf mass per area in the former. Conclusions Although phenology during the growing season appeared not to change leaf–shoot scaling relationships across species, we show that scaling relationships departed from the general trend of isometry as a result of within-species variation, growth form, foliar habit and the type of twig. The identification of these functional factors helps to understand variation in the general trend of Corner’s rules.

El presente trabajo es el resultado de la realización de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) de asignatura completa en Lingüística, asignatura de primero del Grado en Filología Hispánica, en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad de Se- villa. Se incentivó la cooperación entre el alumnado de primero y el de los dos últimos cursos del grado para diseñar y llevar a cabo los retos y preparar los de- bates de los viernes. Se analiza la efectividad de los debates como herramienta de aprendizaje cuando se crea un entorno seguro en el que se lleva a cabo el contraste de ideas y en el que se pueden expresar todas las opiniones incluidas las más controvertidas. El nivel de satisfacción con los debates aumentó con res- pecto a cursos anteriores. Palabras clave: Lingüística, grado en Filología Hispánica, desarrollo profesio- nal docente, debates en la docencia universitaria, colaboración entre alumnado.

Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) are small phytophagous insects. The aim of this study was to determine if the mariner elements found in the ant genomes are also present in Aphis fabae and Aphis hederae genomes and the possible existence of horizontal transfer events. Aphids maintain a relationship of mutualism with the ants. The close contact between these insects could favour horizontal transfer events of transposable elements. Myrmar mariner element isolated from Myrmica ruginodis and Tapinoma ibericum ants have also been found in the two Aphis species: A. fabae and A. hederae (Afabmar-Mr and Ahedmar-Mr elements). Besides, Afabmar-Mr could be an active transposon. Myrmar-like elements are also present in other insect species as well as in one Crustacean species. The phylogenetic study carried out with all Myrmar-like elements suggests the existence of horizontal transfer. Most aphids have 2n = 8 with a XX-X0 sex determination system. Their complicated life cycle is mostly parthenogenetic with sexual individuals only in autumn. The production of X0 males, originated by XX females which produce only spermatozoa with one X chromosome, must necessarily occur through specialized cytogenetic and molecular mechanisms which are not entirely known. In both aphid species, the mariner elements are located on all chromosomes, including the X chromosomes. However, on the two X chromosomes, no positive signals are detected in their small DAPI-negative telomere regions. The rDNA sites are located, as in the majority of Aphids species, on one of the telomere regions of each X chromosome. The hybridization patterns obtained by double FISH demonstrate that Afabmar-Mr and Ahedmar-Mr elements do not hybridize at the rDNA sites of their host species. Possible causes for the absence of these transposons in the rDNA genes are discussed, probably related with the X chromosome biology.

Simple Summary The study of age and growth patterns in skates and rays can be conducted by analyzing mineral deposition patterns inside the vertebrae as biological features may influence age estimation. For the giant electric ray (Narcine entemedor), age was estimated by analyzing the vertebrae and an annual deposition pattern was found. After considering additional biological features such as birth date and date of capture, a more precise description of growth pattern was made. We concluded that this species is a moderate body size elasmobranch with moderate longevity and fast growth. Our results provide useful information for the future management of this exploited species. Abstract The age and growth rate of the giant electric ray, Narcine entemedor, was estimated using growth bands deposited in the vertebral centra of 245 specimens. Differences in size and age distribution were found between the sexes, a pattern that suggests the annual deposition of band pairs, possibly occurring in April. Multimodel inference and back-calculation were performed to three age data sets of females considering their reproductive cycle and time of capture, among which the von Bertalanffy growth function was found to be the most appropriate (L∞ = 81.87 cm TL, k = 0.17 year−1). Our research supports the idea that age can be determined via biological features such as birth date and growth band periodicity. We concluded that N. entemedor is of a moderate body size, moderate longevity and is a fast-growing elasmobranch species.

The COVID-19 (from Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a disease that has generated a pandemic that has affected the world, Mexico included. The spectrum of the disease ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The objective of the case is to demonstrate the usefulness of the prone position in non-intubated patients.We present the case of a woman without comorbidities with COVID-19 and moderate ARDS, in whom intubation was avoided after improvement with the prone position, as determined by arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and by the relationship of arterial oxygen pressure and the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaOThere is scarce evidence of this therapeutic maneuver in awake patients. However, it can help to improve oxygenation and to avoid intubation in these patients.la COVID-19 (del inglés Coronavirus Disease 2019) es una enfermedad que ha generado una pandemia, la cual ha afectado a todo el mundo, incluido México. Esta enfermedad puede presentarse desde una infección asintomática hasta síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) grave. El objetivo del reporte de caso es mostrar la utilidad de la posición prono en pacientes no intubados.presentamos el caso de una mujer sin comorbilidades con COVID-19 y SDRA moderado, en quien se evitó la intubación tras la mejoría con la posición prono, evaluada por la saturación arterial de oxígeno por pulsioximetría y por la relación de la presión arterial de oxígeno y la fracción inspirada de oxígeno (PaOexiste poca evidencia sobre esta maniobra terapéutica en pacientes despiertos. Sin embargo, puede ser de ayuda para mejorar la oxigenación y evitar la intubación en estos pacientes.

The increase in the number of industrial robots and the requirements for sustainable production have drawn attention to the study of energy consumption. The present research work studies the energy optimization of a five-bar linkage when performing pick and place tasks, combining trajectory optimization and the addition of springs in parallel to the actuators. First, a method to reduce the energy consumption for a general task is presented. Second, an algorithm to calculate the free vibration response and the springs parameters for a nominal task is explained. Finally, a new energy optimization method is presented to improve the versatility of the robot when a new task is required, while reducing the necessary changes on the system. The experimental results, regarding the free vibration trajectory, encourage the adequate implementation of the calculated springs in the prototype. Moreover, the results of the simulations, regarding the new method, indicate the versatility of the system if the nominal task changes.

IN BRIEF Therapeutic inertia and suboptimal treatment adherence remain the key drivers of chronic poor diabetes control. Advances in mHealth technologies have spurred the development of a new generation of blood glucose monitoring systems that enable individuals with diabetes to automatically transfer glucose data and other information from their smartphones to their health care providers for analysis and interpretation via diabetes data-management software. This report discusses key lessons learned from two investigations that assessed the effects of interventions using the Accu-Chek Connect diabetes-management system (Roche Diabetes Care, Indianapolis, Ind.) within diverse diabetes populations.

The ant Tapinoma ibericum Santschi, 1925 is native to the Iberian Peninsula. This species, as well as other species from the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex, could form supercolonies that make these species potentially invasive and could give rise to pests. Recently a mature colony from this species has been found in the Isle of Wight (United Kingdom). Mitogenomes have been used to study the taxonomy, biogeography and genetics of species, improving the development of strategies against pest invasion. However, the number of available mitogenomes from the subfamily Dolichoderinae is still scarce and only two of these mitogenomes belong to Tapinoma species. Herein, the complete mitogenome of T. ibericum is presented in order to increase the molecular information of the genus. The T. ibericum mitogenome, retrieved by Next-Generation Sequencing data, is 15,715 bp in length. It contains the typical set of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs and the A + T-rich control region. Comparisons of the T. ibericum mitogenome with other dolichoderine mitogenomes revealed the existence of four gene rearrangements in relation with the ancestral insect mitogenome. One of these rearrangements, involving the tRNA-Ile, tRNA-Gln and tRNA-Met genes, was found in most of the analyzed ant mitogenomes. Probably this rearrangement was an ancestral or plesiomorphic character in Formicidae. Interestingly, another rearrangement that affects to tRNA-Trp, tRNA-Cys and tRNA-Tyr genes was found only in Tapinoma species. This change could be a synapomorphic character for the genus Tapinoma, and could be used as a phylogenetic marker. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed using the protein-coding gene sequences from available Dolichoderinae mitogenomes, as well as mitogenomes from representative species from other Formicidae subfamilies. Results support the monophyletic nature of the genus Tapinoma placing it within the same clade as the rest of Dolichoderinae species.

La MidBo se ha consolidado como un lugar necesario para escudriñar lo real. A su vez, en enlace con Alados, fortalece a una comunidad de creadores-espectadores que consolida la práctica documental en Colombia, expande sus fronteras y, ante todo, construye un espacio-público que no solo nos invita a ver documentales, sino a hilar y a compartir reflexiones sobre sus modos de producción e interpretación. Territorio y memoria sin fronteras es una memoria selectiva de la primera etapa del Seminario Pensar lo Real (2015-2018) que tuvo cinco ejes: cartografías del documental iberoamericano, diálogos documentales, políticas del documental, claves de creación y nuevas etnografías. Ben Russell, María Luisa Ortega, Jorge La Ferla y María Fernanda Arias son algunos de los autores, cuyas voces se encuentran en esta nueva edición de Cuadernos de Alados para Pensar lo Real.

Simple Summary The family Meloidae contains approximately 3000 species, commonly known as blister beetles for their ability to secrete a substance called cantharidin, which causes irritation and blistering in contact with animal or human skin. In recent years there have been numerous studies focused on the anticancer action of cantharidin and its derivatives. Despite the recent interest in blister beetles, cytogenetic and molecular studies in this group are scarce and most of them use only classical chromosome staining techniques. The main aim of our study was to provide new information in Meloidae. In this study, cytogenetic and molecular analyses were applied for the first time in the family Meloidae. We applied fluorescence staining with DAPI and the position of ribosomal DNA in Hycleus scutellatus was mapped by FISH. Hycleus is one of the most species-rich genera of Meloidae but no cytogenetic data have yet been published for this particular genus. Additionally, we isolated a satellite DNA family located within the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. The results obtained in this study may be a suitable starting point to initiate more extensive cytogenetic analyses in this important species-rich genus, and in the family Meloidae in general. Abstract Meloidae are commonly known as blister beetles, so called for the secretion of cantharidin, a toxic substance that causes irritation and blistering. There has been a recent increase in the interest of the cantharidin anticancer potential of this insect group. Cytogenetic and molecular data in this group are scarce. In this study, we performed a karyotype analysis of Hycleus scutellatus, an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. We determined its chromosome number, 2n = 20, as well as the presence of the X and Y sex chromosomes. In addition to a karyotype analysis, we carried out DAPI staining. By fluorescence in situ hybridization we mapped the rDNA clusters on 12 different chromosomes. Compared to others, this species shows an unusually high number of chromosomes carrying rDNA. This is one of the highest numbers of rDNA sites found in the Polyphaga suborder (Coleoptera). Additionally, we isolated a satellite DNA family (Hyscu-H), which was located within the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, including the sex chromosomes. The results suggest that Hyscu-H is likely to be one of the most abundant satellite DNA repeats in H. scutellatus.

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for multiple obstetrics complications and adverse outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between obesity (IMC30) and fetal acidosis at birth.This hospital-based cohort study was based on 24,307 live-born infants in which maternal body mass index (BMI) information was available and delivered in the Granada north region during 2007-2018 from data of the Hospital Medical Birth Registry. Multivariate using logistic regression was performed to assess the association between fetal acidosis and BMI, crude, and adjusted odds ratio of fetal acidosis were calculated.This study strengthens the evidence that demonstrates that morbid obesity is an independent risk factor for fetal acidosis at birth.

“Que se rompan tus zapatos en el camino, no tus suenos”. Esta es la frase que la madre de Clara le dijo antes de salir de su pais natal y aventurarse a cruzar Mexico para llegar a Estados Unidos. Con ella empieza tambien la introduccion de esta obra realizada y publicada por FM4 Paso Libre. En este libro se expone y analiza la situacion de las mujeres migrantes que transitan por el corredor ferroviario de occidente, que atraviesa la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. Miles de ellas cruzan por Mexico en busqueda de condiciones de vida mas dignas. Segun los datos registrados por la Red de Documentacion de las Organizaciones Defensoras de Migrantes durante los ultimos tres anos, el indice de mujeres migrantes ronda el 10 % de la poblacion general que visito las casas que conforman esta red. Del total de ellas, la mayoria eran de origen centroamericano y viajaban con destino a Estados Unidos.

Depression and Clinical Anxiety predict a worse prognosis for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Recent studies warn of high rates of clinical depression and anxiety in patients with CVD. The reported percentages range over a wide range. In order to provide new data on the prevalence of Depression and Clinical Anxiety in CVD, the psychological state of 70 Argentine adults attending a Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program was surveyed. Two psychological scales were administered: the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory II. It was observed a 17.1% of participants with probable Major Depressive Disorder and a 27.1% with probable Clinical Anxiety. The results of the current study are in accordance with the percentages reported by previous studies. A significant number of patients presented comorbidity between Clinical Depression and Anxiety. No differences were found by gender. It is recommended that healthprofessionals take into consideration the high prevalence of Clinical Depression and Anxiety in patients with CVD. Fil: Martino, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Psicología. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Investigación En Neurociencias de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Mora-Penagos, Juan Pablo. Cruz Roja Argentina; Argentina Fil: Kerbage, Soraya. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina Fil: Cervigni, Mauricio Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Bonet, Jose luis. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina

Satellite DNAs are the major repetitive DNA components in eukaryotic genomes. Although satellite DNA has long been called "parasite DNA" there is substantial evidence that it could be associated with some functions of chromosome biology. Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) are one of the largest and most important groups of beetles. Many ladybirds are of economic interest as biological control agents because they eat some agricultural pests such as aphids and scale insects. However, other species are phytophagous and can damage crops. Despite the ecological importance of the latter group there are no studies on their satellite DNA. A satellite DNA family was isolated and characterized in the ladybird Henosepilachna argus. This satellite DNA is organized in tandem repeats of 658 bp and is A + T rich (67.3%). The recorded high sequence conservation of the monomers together with the detection of putative gene conversion processes indicate concerted evolution. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that this satellite DNA is transcribed and in situ hybridization its location in the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes except the long arm of the X chromosome. The presence of this satellite DNA in other species of the genus Henosepilachna and Epilachna was also tested using PCR. The results indicate that this satellite DNA sequence is so far specific to H. argus.

The seeds of fleshy-fruited species growing in aquatic environments fall into water, with or without their pericarp depending upon whether gravity or animals disperse the seeds, with consequences little explored for seed ecology and dispersal in wetlands. In this study, we evaluated the germination of seeds with and without fleshy pericarp after water exposure (from 7 to 90 days), timing of fruit flotation and germination percentage from within intact fruits of two fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae trees of the Chilean temperate forests, Luma apiculata and Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii . For both species, we found greater germination in flooded seeds with pericarp than without, maximum fruit flotation for about a month, although buoyancy was reduced faster in B. cruckshanksii , and seedling emergence from inside fruits occurred in a grater percentage in B. cruckshanksii . These results show that the fleshy pericarp protects seeds from negative water effects, allowing hydrochory and it does not impede germination. Thus, there is a potential advantage for seeds being dispersed with their fleshy cover in wetland habitats. We assert that these species have multiple dispersal mechanisms (polychory) operating in wetlands, with consequences for their dispersal and recruitment.

A family of satellite DNA is analyzed in seven ant species from the genus Aphaenogaster. This satellite DNA is organized as tandemly repeated sequences with a consensus sequence of 160 bp in length. The sampled sequences show a high similarity and belong to the same family of satellite DNA. However in Aphaenogaster spinosa, two types of repeat clearly differentiated have been found. Phylogenetic analyses using satellite DNA show that sequences do not cluster in a species-specific way, with one exception. Concretely, the second type of repeats of A. spinosa (APSP-II) which constitutes a new satellite DNA subfamily. The obtained results with satellite DNA are compared with those obtained using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to determine the correlation between evolution of satellite DNA and phylogenetic relationships among the analyzed ants. The high interspecific similarity for the satellite DNA seems not to be in concordance with the concerted evolution pattern, commonly accepted to explain the evolution of satellite DNA. However, the accumulated data suggest that evolution of satellite DNA in ants follows the concerted evolution pattern but that this process is slow in relation with other organisms, probably due to the eusociality and haplodiploidy of these insects.

Islands are susceptible to exotic plant invasion, and Robinson Crusoe Island (RCI), Juan Fernandez Archipelago (33°S, 78°7′W, Chile) is no exception. Through a literature review, we assessed plant invasion and compared it to other oceanic islands worldwide. Here, we discuss measures to enhance forest recovery on RCI based on knowledge accumulated from studies on RCI and other islands. Although these findings are designed to halt the progress of invasion on RCI, they could also be applied to other insular ecosystems. We addressed the following questions: (1) What is the plant invasion status on RCI in relation to other islands worldwide? (2) How imminent is biodiversity loss by plant invasion on RCI? (3) How is woody plant invasion taking place on RCI? (4) What methods are effective in controlling invasive woody species on islands worldwide? (5) What is the ability of natural forests to recover after controlling invasive plants on RCI? We found that (1) RCI is globally the fourth most invaded island for woody species. (2) Invasive woody species expansion is estimated at 4.3 ha annually. (3) Some invasive species establish under forest canopy gaps, out-competing native species. (4) Control of invasive plant species should focus on small gaps, and restoration should promote plant cover and soil protection. Mechanical and chemical control of invasive species seemed to be insufficient to prevent biodiversity loss. Developing alternatives like biological control are indispensable on RCI. (5) Six years after invasive species control, floristic composition tended to recover.

Digital, Background: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduced renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on renal outcomes in an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial of the effect of dulaglutide on cardiovascular disease. Methods: REWIND was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo and followed up at least every 6 months for outcomes. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were estimated from urine and serum values measured in local laboratories every 12 months. The primary outcome (first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes), secondary outcomes (including a composite microvascular outcome), and safety outcomes of this trial have been reported elsewhere. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate the renal component of the composite microvascular outcome, defined as the first occurrence of new macroalbuminuria (UACR >33·9 mg/mmol), a sustained decline in eGFR of 30% or more from baseline, or chronic renal replacement therapy. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings: Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). At baseline, 791 (7·9%) had macroalbuminuria and mean eGFR was 76·9 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (SD 22·7). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1-5·9) comprising 51 820 person-years, the renal outcome developed in 848 (17·1%) participants at an incidence rate of 3·5 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 970 (19·6%) participants at an incidence rate of 4·1 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 95% CI 0·77-0·93; p=0·0004). The clearest effect was for new macroalbuminuria (HR 0·77, 95% CI 0·68-0·87; p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Digital, Background Three different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events when added to the existing antihyperglycaemic regimens of individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without previous cardiovascular disease and a wide range of glycaemic control. Methods This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random code with stratification by site. All investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for incident cardiovascular and other serious clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes), which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants (mean age 66·2 years [SD 6·5], median HbA1c 7·2% [IQR 6·6–8·1], 4589 [46·3%] women) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1–5·9), the primary composite outcome occurred in 594 (12·0%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·4 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 663 (13·4%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·7 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·79–0·99; p=0·026). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (536 [10·8%] in the dulaglutide group vs 592 [12·0%] in the placebo group; HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·80–1·01; p=0·067). 2347 (47·4%) participants assigned to dulaglutide reported a gastrointestinal adverse event during follow-up compared with 1687 (34·1%) participants assigned to placebo (p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Este artículo trata sobre un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) llevado a cabo durante el curso 2017/2018 en la asignatura optativa de seis créditos de cuarto de Filología Hispánica de la Universidad de Sevilla (US) Temas de Lingüística General. La innovación se centró en el uso del modelo docente Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) con metodología de Pensamiento de Diseño (Design Thinking, DT) adaptada como ECO en el marco de un proyecto de innovación docente en la US cuyo principal objetivo fue el trabajo en equipo de profesorado y alumnado para hacer frente a retos de la sociedad. Esta metodología constructivista fue acompañada por una evaluación continua a través de portafolios grupales y de un proceso de gamificación. Los resultados fueron mucho mejores que los conseguidos el curso 2016/2017 en el que se usó ABR pero sin metodología DT/ECO ni gamificación. This article deals with a Cycle of Improvement in the Classroom (CIMA) in a 6 credit fourth-year course Topics in General Linguistics of the Degree in Hispanic Philology of the University of Sevilla during the 2017/2018 academic year. The CIMA revolved around the use of Challenge Based Learning with Design Thinking adapted to ECO in a teaching innovation project at US whose main objective was the work in teams of teachers and students to face needs and challenges of society (CBL with DT/ECO). The continuous evaluation was carried out through portfolios and gamification. The results were much better than the ones obtained in 2016/2017 in which Challenge Based Learning was used but without DT/ECO and without gamification.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors related to the recurrence rate and overall survival of vulval melanoma patients by means of a subgroup analysis of the VULvar CANcer study.MethodsThe international multicenter VULvar CANcer study involved 100 international centers, which contributed 2453 vulvar cancer cases. Of the 1727 patients finally included in the study, 42 were suffering from vulvar melanoma (2.4%).ResultsThe mean follow-up for vulval melanoma patients was 44.1±35.7 months. Recurrence rate was 50%, and the mean recurrence-free survival was 43.5±6.6 months. For local recurrences, the mean recurrence-free interval was 63.3±8.6 months; for metastasis, 33.5±3.5 months. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 28.6%. The mean overall survival for vulvar melanomas was 45.9±4 months and the 5-year overall survival rate was 78.6%. The only factor with prognostic significance regarding local recurrence of vulvar melanoma was tumor size (P = 0.003). American Joint Committee on Cancer staging was the only prognostic factor associated with metastatic disease at recurrence (P < 0.001). Finally, age of patient was significantly associated with overall survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsTumor size and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage were independent prognostic factors associated with local and distant recurrence, respectively. Patients’ age was the only independent prognostic factor associated with overall survival.

Although fleshy-fruited species are usually dispersed by animals and gravity, previous research shows that the fleshy fruits of invasive plants on Robinson Crusoe Island (RC) are also moved by wind. To determine whether a bird (Turdus falcklandii), wind, and gravity could be legitimate dispersers of fleshy fruits from the invasive plant species Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius and Ugni molinae, we carried out germination trials with seeds defecated by T. falcklandii and hand-cleaned in the laboratory, and added another trial in field conditions, sowing intact fruits. Whole fruits sown intact are used to represent dispersal by wind or gravity. The field trials for A. chilensis and R. ulmifolius were performed in canopy gaps and closed forests to evaluate the effect of shadow on seedling emergence. Field trials for U. molinae were only established in open shrubland, since this species does not occur in forests on RC. Laboratory trials showed gut-passed A. chilensis seeds increased the germination percentage while gut-passed seeds did not affect germination in R. ulmifolius and U. molinae. In the field, trials revealed that seeds from intact fruits germinated in a similar way to gut-passed or hand-cleaned seeds, with the exception of U. molinae, which did not germinate inside fruits. In all field treatments, the germination percentage of A. chilensis and R. ulmifolius was higher in the canopy gaps than under closed canopy. These results indicate that T. falcklandii is a legitimate disperser for the three invasive species studied on RC. Wind and gravity should also be considered legitimate dispersers of A. chilensis and R. ulmifolius. Microhabitat (i.e., canopy gaps) plays a more important role in improving the establishment of A. chilensis and R. ulmifolius than the dispersal mechanism itself.

Aim: Psychosocial factors have an impact in cardiovascular disease. It is postulated that psychosocial alterations might reduce treatment compliance among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, which leads to a worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and treatment compliance in CAD patients attending cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Method: A descriptive (correlational) and cross-sectional study was designed. The sample included 70 adult patients, both males and females, attending the cardiovascular rehabilitation program at Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Four psychosocial instruments were administered for the assessment of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck II depression inventory), anger (STAXI-II) and functional capacity (Duke Activity Scale). Treatment compliance was defined in terms of attendance to cardiovascular rehabilitation sessions. Results: Bivariate correlations revealed a positive association between the scores for anger control and treatment compliance, as well as a positive relationship between the scores for functional capacity and treatment compliance. Conclusions: Psychosocial alterations correspond to a worse treatment compliance in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. It is advisable for health care professionals to consider the psychosocial status of CAD patients on admission to rehabilitation programs.

The ladybird Henosepilachna argus Geoffroy, 1762 has been cytogenetically studied. In addition we have conducted a review of chromosome numbers and the chromosomal system of sex determination available in the literature in species belonging to the genus Henosepilachna and in its closely related genus Epilachna. Chromosome number of H. argus was 2n=18, including the sex chromosome pair, a common diploid chromosome number within the tribe Epilachnini. The study of prophase I meiotic chromosomes showed the typical Xyp "parachute" bivalent as in the majority of species of Coccinellidae. C-banding and fluorescent staining with AT-specific DAPI fluorochrome dye have been carried out for the first time in H. argus. C-banding technique revealed that heterochromatic blocks are pericentromerically located and DAPI staining showed that this heterochromatin is AT rich. Fluorescence in situ hybridizations using rDNA and the telomeric TTAGG sequence as probes have been carried out. FISH using rDNA showed that the nucleolar organizing region is located on the short arm of the X chromosome. FISH with the telomeric sequence revealed that in this species telomeres of chromosomes are composed of the pentanucleotide TTAGG repeats. This is the first study on the telomeric sequences in Coccinellidae.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) is largely consumed all over the world and has a high economic importance. Likewise, broccoli contains high levels of glucosinolates, carotenoids and total phenols, which are related with the prevention of chronic diseases. The present project's objective was to evaluate the effect of industrial freezing on the stability of bioactive molecules in seven commercial broccoli cultivars (Tlaloc®, Endurance®, Florapack®, Domador®, Steel®, Iron Man® and Avenger®). In general, industrial freezing increased the extractability of total glucosinolates, whereas total phenols remained constant in most broccoli cultivars. Likewise, broccoli subjected to industrial freezing showed higher levels of total carotenoids (∼60-300% higher) as compared with fresh broccoli. Results suggest that bioactive compounds in frozen broccoli would be more bioavailable than in raw.

Background The analysis of the chromosomal and genome evolution in organisms with holocentric chromosomes is restricted by the lack of primary constriction or centromere. An interesting group is the hemipteran subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease, which affects around 6 to 7 million people worldwide. This group exhibits extensive variability in the number and chromosomal location of repeated sequences such as heterochromatin and ribosomal genes. This paper tries to reveal the significant differences of the repeated sequences among Triatoma species through the use of genomic DNA probes. Methods We analysed the chromosomal distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in Triatoma species by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using genomic DNA probes from two North American Triatoma species. These genomic probes were hybridized both on their own chromosomes and on other Triatoma species from North and South America, with different amounts and chromosome location of C-heterochromatin. The results were compared with those previously described using South American Triatoma genomic probes. Results We observed two chromosomal hybridization patterns: (i) very intense hybridization signals concentrated on specific chromosomal regions or particular chromosomes; and (ii) lower intensity hybridization signals dispersed along all chromosomes. Self-GISH on T. rubrofasciata and T. dimidiata chromosomes presented strong hybridization signals on all C-heterochromatin regions. However, when we perform genomic cross-hybridizations, only strong signals are detected on the Y chromosome, leaving the C-heterochromatic autosomal regions unmarked. Conclusions We confirm that repeated DNA of the Y chromosome is shared among Triatoma species and probably represents an ancestral character of the Triatomini tribe. On the contrary, autosomal heterochromatic regions are constituted by species-specific DNA repeats, most probably satDNA families, suggesting that Triatoma speciation involved the amplification of diverse types of autosomal repeats. Molecular characterization of principal repetitive DNAs seems to be an appropriate approach to infer evolutionary relationships in triatomines.

The complete mitogenome of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease in South America, was obtained by combining Illumina and Sanger sequencing sequence data. The 17,301bp long genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. The number, order and orientation of mitochondrial genes are the same as in T. dimidiata, the only Triatominae mt genome published so far. The main differences between both mitogenomes are found in the control region and in the intergenic spacer between the nd1 gene and the tRNA-Ser. Comparative analysis with other Reduviidae species shows high conservation in the mt genome organization. Molecular phylogeny using all available complete mt genomes from Reduviidae species confirms the close relationship between Triatominae and Stenopodainae.

Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) are one of the largest groups of beetles. Among them, some species are of economic interest since they can act as a biological control for some agricultural pests whereas other species are phytophagous and can damage crops. Chnootriba argus (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) has large heterochromatic pericentromeric blocks on all chromosomes, including both sexual chromosomes. Classical digestion of total genomic DNA using restriction endonucleases failed to find the satellite DNA located on these heterochromatic regions. Cloning of C0t-1 DNA resulted in the isolation of a repetitive DNA with a repeat unit of six base pairs, TTAAAA. The amount of TTAAAA repeat in the C. argus genome was about 20%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and digestion of chromosomes with the endonuclease Tru9I revealed that this repetitive DNA could be considered as the putative pericentromeric satellite DNA (satDNA) in this species. The presence of this satellite DNA was tested in other species of the tribe Epilachnini and it is also present in Epilachna paenulata. In both species, the TTAAAA repeat seems to be the main satellite DNA and it is located on the pericentromeric region on all chromosomes. The size of this satDNA, which has only six base pairs is unusual in Coleoptera satellite DNAs, where satDNAs usually have repeat units of a much larger size. Southern hybridization and FISH proved that this satDNA is conserved in some Epilachnini species but not in others. This result is in concordance with the controversial phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Epilachnini, where the limits between genera are unclear.

Kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group) is a green leafy vegetable with high content of nutraceuticals. However, the content of bioactive compounds of kale is affected by the cultivar, and thus it is necessary to identify kale cultivars that have the highest nutritional content, to promote their consumption. The present project’s objective was to characterize the bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, vitamin C, glucosinolates and individual carotenoids) and the antioxidant capacity of two kale cultivars (Winterbor and Maribor). The Winterbor cultivar presented higher content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and higher antioxidant capacity than the Maribor, whereas the Maribor cultivar showed higher levels of vitamin C and glucosinolates. One serving size of kale provides more than 100% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin A and more than 40% of the RDI of vitamin C. Therefore, kale can be considered an excellent source of antioxidants.

Next-generation sequencing data analysis on Triatoma infestans Klug, 1834 (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha, Reduviidae) revealed the presence of the ancestral insect (TTAGG)n telomeric motif in its genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirms that chromosomes bear this telomeric sequence in their chromosomal ends. Furthermore, motif amount estimation was about 0.03% of the total genome, so that the average telomere length in each chromosomal end is almost 18 kb long. We also detected the presence of (TTAGG)n telomeric repeat in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in other three species of Triatominae: Triatoma dimidiata Latreille, 1811, Dipetalogaster maxima Uhler, 1894, and Rhodnius prolixus Ståhl, 1859. This is the first report of the (TTAGG)n telomeric repeat in the infraorder Cimicomorpha, contradicting the currently accepted hypothesis that evolutionarily recent heteropterans lack this ancestral insect telomeric sequence.

La pragmática ha adquirido una importante dimensión convirtiéndose en una disciplina muy estudiada y con muchas posibilidades que abren diferentes frentes investigadores. En este sentido, partimos de esa importancia como pretexto para focalizar esta propuesta en torno a la enseñanza de español. Dentro del campo de actuación de la pragmática centramos la mirada en la forma de disculparse. Para ello, proponemos una serie de actividades que facilitan el aprendizaje de este aspecto atendiendo a tres diferentes contextos con sus respectivos destinatarios, esto es, alumnos de lengua materna (LM), segunda lengua (L2) y lengua extranjera (LE). Pragmatics has taken on an important dimension becoming a well-studied discipline with many different research opportunities. In this regard, we are assuming this importance as a pretext to focus this proposal on teaching of Spanish. Within the field of pragmatics we set our sights on the manner of making apologies. In order to do that, we propose some activities that facilitate learning of this particular aspect in three different contexts with their respective recipients, namely students of the native language (NL), of the second language (L2), and of the foreign language (FL).

We investigated if the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheriidae) is a legitimate seed disperser of Ugni molinae (Myrtaceae). We compared the germination rate of defecated and not-defecated seeds. The results show that defecated seeds are viable and show a high germination rate than no-defecated seeds. We conclude that D. gliroides is a legitimate seed disperser of U. molinae, and it may affect their reproductive success. These results are the first evidence of a seed disperser for U. molinae, and also support the proposal that D. gliroides have an important role as a seed disperser in the temperate forest of southern South America.

Resumen El polihidramnios, con una incidencia de 1/200 gestaciones, se define como el aumento de la cantidad de liquido amniotico y se asocia a un aumento de la patologia perinatal. Se debe a una alteracion del equilibrio que existe entre la produccion y la eliminacion del fluido. Se diagnostica mediante estudio ecografico y se determina por metodos semicuantitativos. Durante el embarazo se puede realizar un estudio etiologico. El tratamiento va encaminado a disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones debidas a la hiperdistension uterina, sobre todo el parto prematuro, y a adecuar la atencion a los recien nacidos. Presentamos un caso de polihidramnios grave tratado mediante amniodrenaje repetido, producido por un seudohipoaldosteronismo, causa infrecuente de hidramnios y dificil de diagnosticar mediante el estudio prenatal habitual.

Se presenta y se pone en su contexto un ensayo de José Ramón Pacheco (1838) en el que se hace una reflexión, poco frecuente en la prensa mexicana, sobre las diferencias entre la imitación y la traducción, a raíz de una versión al español del poema “El Lago” de Lamartine presentada por [Ignacio] Rodríguez [Galván] en cierta academia mexicana del XIX.

We propose a class of models in which extended objects are introduced in Chern-Simons supergravity in such a way that those objects appear on the same footing as the target space. This is motivated by the idea that branes are already first quantized object, so that it is desirable to have a formalism that treats branes and their target space in a similar fashion. Accordingly, our models describe interacting branes, as gauge systems for supergroups. We also consider the case in which those objects have boundaries, and discuss possible links to superstring theory and/or M-theory, by studying the fermionic kappa-symmetry of the action., Comment: 14 pages, latex, no figures. Some rhetorical revisions made, such as the 2nd paragraph in sec.3, refs.[7] and [8] moved to sec.1, an explanation of difference from ref. [14] before eq.(5), an explanation of our embeddings in the 2nd paragraph in sec.1, new paragraph at the end of sec.2, explanation of the procedure of getting eq.(29) from (18), a statement about our particular limit, new equations (19), with other more minor points

An extension of the Artin Braid Group with new operators that generate double and triple intersections is considered. The extended Alexander theorem, relating intersecting closed braids and intersecting knots is proved for double and triple intersections, and a counter example is given for the case of quadruple intersections. Intersecting knot invariants are constructed via Markov traces defined on intersecting braid algebra representations, and the extended Turaev representation is discussed as an example. Possible applications of the formalism to quantum gravity are discussed., Comment: 14 pages (6 figures included)